How to calculate heating radiators so that the temperature in the apartment is extremely comfortable is a question that arises for everyone who has decided to renovate. Too few sections will not fully warm the room, and too many will only entail too much spending on public utilities. So, what do you need to consider to correctly size your batteries?

Preliminary preparation

What needs to be taken into account to calculate the power of a heating radiator per room:

• define temperature regime and potential thermal losses;
• develop optimal technical solutions;
• determine the type of thermal equipment;
• establish financial and thermal criteria;
• take into account reliability and technical specifications heating devices;
• draw up heat distribution diagrams and the location of batteries for each room;

Without the help of specialists and additional programs, it is quite difficult to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators. To make the calculation as accurate as possible, you cannot do without a thermal imager or programs specially installed for this.

What happens if the calculations are done incorrectly? The main consequence is more low temperature in the premises, and therefore the operating conditions will not correspond to the desired ones. Heating appliances that are too powerful will lead to excessive spending on both the appliances themselves and their installation, as well as on utilities.

Do-it-yourself calculations

You can roughly calculate what the battery power should be by using only a tape measure to measure the length and width of the walls and a calculator. But the accuracy of such calculations is extremely low. The error will be 15-20%, but this is quite acceptable.

Calculations depending on the type of heating devices

When choosing a model, keep in mind that thermal power depends on the material from which they are made. The methods for calculating the sizes of sectional batteries are the same, but the results will be different. There are statistical averages. It is worth focusing on them when choosing the optimal number of heating devices. Power of heating devices with sections of 50 cm:

• aluminum batteries - 190 W;
• bimetallic - 185 W;
• cast iron heating devices - 145 W;

• aluminum - 1.9-2 square meters;
• aluminum and steel - 1.8 sq. m.;
• cast iron - 1.4-1.5 sq. m;

Here is an example of calculating the number of sections aluminum radiators heating. Let's assume that the size of the room is 16 square meters. It turns out that for a room of this size you need 16m2/2m2 = 8 pcs. Use the same principle for cast iron or bimetallic appliances. It is only important to know exactly the norm - the above parameters are correct for models with a height of 0.5 meters.

On this moment Models from 20 to 60 cm are available. Accordingly, the area that the section can heat will differ. The lowest-power models are curb ones, 20 cm high. If you decide to purchase a heating unit non-standard sizes, then adjustments will have to be made to the calculation formula. Look for the necessary data in the technical passport.

When making adjustments, it is worth considering that the size of the batteries directly affects the heat transfer. Therefore, the smaller the height for the same width, the smaller area, and with them power. For correct calculations, find the ratio of the heights of the selected model and the standard one, and use the data obtained to correct the result.

Let's say you chose models with a height of 40 cm. In this case, the calculation of the number of sections of aluminum heating radiators per room area will look like this:

• Let's use the previous calculations: 16m2/2m2 = 8 pieces;
• calculate the coefficient 50cm/40cm = 1.25;
• correct the calculations using the basic formula - 8 pcs * 1.25 = 10 pcs.

Calculating the number of heating radiators by volume begins first of all with collecting the necessary information. What parameters need to be taken into account:

• Housing area.
• Ceiling height.
• Number and area of ​​door and window openings.
• Temperature conditions outside the window during the heating season.

The norms and rules established for the power of heating outlets regulate the minimum permissible indicator per square meter. meter of apartment - 100 W. Calculation of heating radiators based on the volume of the room will be more accurate than one in which only the length and width are taken as a basis. The final results are adjusted depending on the individual characteristics of a particular room. This is done by multiplying by the adjustment factor.

When calculating the power of heating devices, the average ceiling height is taken - 3 m. For apartments with a ceiling of 2.5 meters, this coefficient will be 2.5 m / 3 m = 0.83, for apartments with high ceilings 3.85 meters - 3.85m/3m = 1.28. Corner rooms will require additional adjustments. The final data is multiplied by 1.8.

Calculation of the number of heating radiator sections according to the volume of the room should be adjusted if there is one window in the room big size or several windows at once (coefficient 1.8).

The lower connection will also require some adjustments. For this case, the coefficient will be 1.1.

In areas with extreme weather conditions, where winter temperatures reach record lows, power must be doubled.

Plastic double-glazed windows, on the contrary, will require a downward adjustment, using a coefficient of 0.8 as a basis.

The above data shows average values, since they were not additionally taken into account:

• thickness and material of walls and ceilings;
• glazing area;
• flooring material;
• the presence or absence of insulation on the floor;
• curtains and curtains in window openings.

Additional options for more accurate calculations

An accurate calculation of the number of heating radiators per area will not do without data from technical documents. This is important to more accurately determine the value of heat loss. It is best to determine the level of heat loss using a thermal imager. The device will quickly identify the coldest areas in the room.

Everything would be much easier if each apartment was built according to a standard layout, but this is far from the case. Each house or city apartment has its own characteristics. Taking into account many characteristics (number of window and door openings, wall heights, housing area, etc.), the question reasonably arises: how to calculate the number of heating radiators?

The peculiarity of the exact method is that more coefficients are needed for calculations. One of important values, which needs to be calculated is the amount of heat. The formula is different from the previous ones and looks like this: KT = 100 W/m2*P*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6*K7.

More details about each value:

• KT - the amount of heat needed for heating.
• P - room dimensions m2.
• K1 - the value of this coefficient takes into account the quality of window glazing: double - 1.27; plastic windows with double glazing - 1.0; with triple - 0.85.
• K2 - coefficient taking into account the level of thermal insulation characteristics of the walls: low - 1.27; good (for example, two-layer brickwork) - 1.0; high - 0.85.
• K3 - this value takes into account the ratio of the areas of window openings and floors: 50% - 1.2; 40% - 1.1; 30% - 1.0; 20% - 0.9; 10% - 0.8.
• K4 - coefficient depending on the average temperature indicators air in winter time years: - 35 °C - 1.5; — 25 °C - 1.3; — 20 °C - 1.1; — 15 °C - 0.9; -10 °C - 0.7.
• K5 depends on the number of external walls of the building, the data for this coefficient are as follows: one - 1.1; two - 1.2; three - 1.3; four - 1.4.
• K6 is calculated based on the type of room located on the floor above: attic - 1.0; heated attic space - 0.9; heated apartment - 0.8.
• K7 is the last of the adjustment values ​​and depends on the ceiling height: 2.5 m - 1.0; 3.0 m - 1.05; 3.5 m - 1.1; 4.0 m - 1.15; 4.5 m - 1.2.

The described calculation of heating radiator sections by area is the most accurate, since it takes into account much more nuances. The number obtained during these calculations is divided by the heat transfer value. The final result is rounded to the nearest whole number.

Adjustment taking into account temperature conditions

The technical data sheet of the heating device indicates the maximum power. For example, if the water temperature in the heating pipe is 90°C during supply and 70°C in return mode, the apartment will be +20°C. Such parameters are usually designated as follows: 90/70/20, but the most common capacities in modern apartments are 75/65/20 and 55/45/20.

For correct calculation First you need to calculate the temperature difference - this is the difference between the temperature of the battery itself and the air in the apartment. Please note that for calculations the average value between the flow and return temperatures is taken.

How to calculate the number of sections of aluminum radiators taking into account the above parameters? For better understanding The question will involve calculations for aluminum batteries in two modes: high temperature and low temperature (calculation for standard models with a height of 50 cm). The room dimensions are the same - 16 square meters.

One section of an aluminum radiator in 90/70/20 mode heats 2 square meters, therefore, to fully heat the room you will need 16m2/2m2 = 8 pieces. When calculating the battery size for the 55/45/20 mode, you first need to calculate the temperature difference. So, the formulas for both systems:

• 90/70/20 - (90+70)/2-20 = 60°C;
• 55/45/20 - (55+45)/2-20 = 30°C.

Consequently, at low temperatures it is necessary to increase the size of heating devices by 2 times. Taking into account this example on a room of 16 sq. meters you need 16 aluminum sections. Please note that for cast iron appliances you will need 22 sections with the same room area and the same temperature systems. Such a battery will turn out to be too large and massive, so cast iron is least suitable for low-temperature structures.

Using this formula, you can easily calculate how many radiator sections are needed per room, taking into account the desired temperature regime. To keep your apartment at +25°C in winter, simply change the temperature data in the formula thermal pressure, and substitute the resulting coefficient into the formula for calculating the size of the batteries. Let's say, with parameters 90/70/25, the coefficient will be as follows: (90+70)/2 - 25 = 55°C.

If you don’t want to waste time calculating heating radiators, you can use online calculators or special programs installed on your computer.

How to use an online calculator

Calculate how many sections of heating radiators per square meter. You will need a meter, you can use special calculators that will calculate everything in the blink of an eye. Such programs can be found on the official websites of some manufacturers. These calculators are easy to use. Just enter all the relevant data into the fields and you will instantly receive the exact result. To calculate how many sections of heating radiators are needed per square meter, you need to enter data (power, temperature, etc.) for each room separately. If the rooms are not separated by doors, fold them general dimensions, and the heat will spread throughout both rooms.

There are several methods for calculating the number of radiators, but their essence is the same: find out the maximum heat loss of the room, and then calculate the number of heating devices required to compensate for them.

There are different calculation methods. The simplest ones give approximate results. However, they can be used if the premises are standard or coefficients can be applied that make it possible to take into account the existing “non-standard” conditions of each specific room ( corner room, access to a balcony, a full-wall window, etc.). There is a more complex calculation using formulas. But essentially these are the same coefficients, only collected in one formula.

There is another method. It defines actual losses. Special device— thermal imager — determines real heat loss. And based on this data, they calculate how many radiators are needed to compensate for them. Another good thing about this method is that the thermal imager image shows exactly where the heat is lost most actively. This could be a marriage at work or building materials, crack, etc. So at the same time we can improve the situation.

Calculation of heating radiators by area

The easiest way. Calculate the amount of heat required for heating, based on the area of ​​the room in which the radiators will be installed. You know the area of ​​each room, and the heat requirement can be determined by building regulations SNiPa:

• for the average climate zone, 60-100 W are required for heating 1 m 2 of living space;
• for areas above 60 o, 150-200 W are required.

Based on these standards, you can calculate how much heat your room will require. If the apartment/house is located in the middle climate zone, heating an area of ​​16 m 2 will require 1600 W of heat (16*100=1600). Since the standards are average, and the weather is not constant, we believe that 100W is required. Although, if you live in the south of the middle climate zone and your winters are mild, count 60W.

A power reserve in heating is needed, but not very large: with an increase in the amount of power required, the number of radiators increases. And the more radiators, the more coolant in the system. If for those connected to central heating this is not critical, then for those who have or are planning individual heating, a large volume of the system means large (extra) costs for heating the coolant and greater inertia of the system (the set temperature is maintained less accurately). And a logical question arises: “Why pay more?”

Having calculated the room's heat requirement, we can find out how many sections are required. Each heating device can produce a certain amount of heat, which is indicated in the passport. Take the found heat requirement and divide it by the radiator power. The result is the required number of sections to make up for losses.

Let's count the number of radiators for the same room. We determined that 1600W needed to be allocated. Let the power of one section be 170W. It turns out 1600/170 = 9.411 pieces. You can round up or down at your discretion. You can round it down to a smaller value, for example, in the kitchen - there is enough additional sources warmth, and in a large room it is better in a room with a balcony, a large window or in a corner room.

The system is simple, but the disadvantages are obvious: ceiling heights may vary, wall material, windows, insulation, and more whole line factors are not taken into account. So the calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators according to SNiP is approximate. For an accurate result, you need to make adjustments.

How to calculate radiator sections by room volume

This calculation takes into account not only the area, but also the height of the ceilings, because all the air in the room needs to be heated. So this approach is justified. And in this case the technique is similar. We determine the volume of the room, and then, according to the standards, we find out how much heat is needed to heat it:

Let's calculate everything for the same room with an area of ​​16m2 and compare the results. Let the ceiling height be 2.7m. Volume: 16*2.7=43.2m3.

• IN panel house. The heat required for heating is 43.2m 3 *41V=1771.2W. If we take all the same sections with a power of 170 W, we get: 1771 W/170 W = 10,418 pcs (11 pcs).
• IN brick house. The heat needed is 43.2m 3 *34W=1468.8W. We count the radiators: 1468.8W/170W=8.64pcs (9pcs).

As you can see, the difference is quite large: 11 pieces and 9 pieces. Moreover, when calculating by area, we got the average value (if rounded in the same direction) - 10 pcs.

Adjusting results

In order to obtain a more accurate calculation, you need to take into account as many factors as possible that reduce or increase heat loss. This is what the walls are made of and how well they are insulated, how big windows, and what kind of glazing they have, how many walls in the room face the street, etc. To do this, there are coefficients by which you need to multiply the found values ​​of heat loss in the room.

Window

Windows account for 15% to 35% of heat loss. The specific figure depends on the size of the window and how well it is insulated. Therefore, there are two corresponding coefficients:

• ratio of window area to floor area:
  • 10% — 0,8
  • 20% — 0,9
  • 30% — 1,0
  • 40% — 1,1
  • 50% — 1,2
• glazing:
  • three-chamber double-glazed window or argon in a two-chamber double-glazed window - 0.85
  • ordinary double-glazed window - 1.0
  • regular double frames - 1.27.

Walls and roof

To account for losses, the material of the walls, the degree of thermal insulation, and the number of walls facing the street are important. Here are the coefficients for these factors.

Thermal insulation level:

• brick walls two bricks thick are considered the norm - 1.0
• insufficient (absent) - 1.27
• good - 0.8

Availability of external walls:

• interior space - no losses, coefficient 1.0
• one - 1.1
• two - 1.2
• three - 1.3

The amount of heat loss is influenced by whether the room is located on top or not. If there is a habitable heated room on top (the second floor of a house, another apartment, etc.), the reduction factor is 0.7, if there is a heated attic - 0.9. It is generally accepted that an unheated attic does not affect the temperature in any way (coefficient 1.0).

If the calculation was carried out by area, and the ceiling height is non-standard (a height of 2.7 m is taken as the standard), then a proportional increase/decrease using a coefficient is used. It is considered easy. To do this, divide the actual ceiling height in the room by the standard 2.7 m. You get the required coefficient.

Let's do the math for example: let the ceiling height be 3.0m. We get: 3.0m/2.7m=1.1. This means that the number of radiator sections that was calculated by area for a given room must be multiplied by 1.1.

All these norms and coefficients were determined for apartments. To take into account the heat loss of a house through the roof and basement/foundation, you need to increase the result by 50%, that is, the coefficient for a private house is 1.5.

Climatic factors

Adjustments can be made depending on average winter temperatures:

• -10 o C and above - 0.7
• -15 o C - 0.9
• -20 o C - 1.1
• -25 o C - 1.3
• -30 o C - 1.5

Having made all the required adjustments, you will get more exact amount radiators required to heat the room, taking into account the parameters of the premises. But these are not all the criteria that influence the power of thermal radiation. Is there some more technical details, which we will discuss below.

Calculation of different types of radiators

If you are planning to install sectional radiators standard size(with an axial distance of 50 cm in height) and have already selected the material, model and right size, there should not be any difficulties in calculating their quantity. Most reputable companies that supply good heating equipment, the website contains technical data for all modifications, including thermal power. If it is not the power that is indicated, but the coolant flow rate, then it is easy to convert to power: the coolant flow rate of 1 l/min is approximately equal to the power of 1 kW (1000 W).

The axial distance of the radiator is determined by the height between the centers of the holes for supplying/removing coolant.

To make life easier for customers, many websites install a specially designed calculator program. Then the calculation of heating radiator sections comes down to entering data on your premises in the appropriate fields. And at the output you have the finished result: the number of sections of this model in pieces.

But if you're just guessing possible options, then it is worth considering that the radiators are the same size from different materials have different thermal power. Methodology for calculating the number of sections bimetallic radiators It is no different from the calculation of aluminum, steel or cast iron. Only the thermal power of one section can be different.

• aluminum - 190W
• bimetallic - 185W
• cast iron - 145W.

If you are just figuring out which material to choose, you can use this data. For clarity, we present the simplest calculation of sections of bimetallic heating radiators, which takes into account only the area of ​​the room.

When determining the number of heating devices made of bimetal of a standard size (center distance 50 cm), it is assumed that one section can heat 1.8 m 2 of area. Then for a room of 16 m 2 you need: 16 m 2 /1.8 m 2 = 8.88 pcs. Let's round up - we need 9 sections.

We calculate similarly for cast iron or steel bars. All you need is the following rules:

• bimetallic radiator - 1.8m2
• aluminum - 1.9-2.0 m 2
• cast iron - 1.4-1.5 m 2.

This data is for sections with an interaxial distance of 50 cm. Today there are models on sale with the most different heights: from 60cm to 20cm and even lower. Models 20cm and below are called curb. Naturally, their power differs from the specified standard, and if you plan to use a “non-standard”, you will have to make adjustments. Either look for passport data, or do the math yourself. We assume that heat transfer thermal device directly depends on its area. As the height decreases, the area of ​​the device decreases, and, therefore, the power decreases proportionally. That is, you need to find the ratio of the heights of the selected radiator to the standard, and then use this coefficient to correct the result.

For clarity, we will calculate aluminum radiators by area. The room is the same: 16m2. We count the number of sections of standard size: 16m 2 /2m 2 = 8 pcs. But we want to use small sections with a height of 40 cm. We find the ratio of radiators of the selected size to standard ones: 50cm/40cm=1.25. And now we adjust the quantity: 8pcs * 1.25 = 10pcs.

Adjustment depending on heating system mode

Manufacturers indicate the maximum power of radiators in the passport data: in high-temperature modes of use - the coolant temperature in the supply is 90 o C, in the return - 70 o C (designated 90/70) in the room there should be 20 o C. But in this mode modern systems The heating works very rarely. Typically, a medium power mode of 75/65/20 or even a low temperature mode with parameters of 55/45/20 is used. It is clear that the calculation needs to be adjusted.

To take into account the operating mode of the system, it is necessary to determine the temperature pressure of the system. Temperature pressure is the difference between the temperature of the air and the heating devices. In this case, the temperature of the heating devices is considered as the arithmetic average between the supply and return values.

To make it clearer, we will calculate cast iron heating radiators for two modes: high temperature and low temperature, standard size sections (50cm). The room is the same: 16m2. One cast iron section in high temperature mode 90/70/20 heats 1.5 m 2. Therefore, we need 16m 2 / 1.5 m 2 = 10.6 pcs. Round up - 11 pcs. The system plans to use a low temperature mode of 55/45/20. Now let’s find the temperature difference for each of the systems:

• high temperature 90/70/20- (90+70)/2-20=60 o C;
• low temperature 55/45/20 - (55+45)/2-20=30 o C.

That is, if a low-temperature operating mode is used, twice as many sections will be needed to provide the room with heat. For our example, a room of 16 m2 requires 22 sections of cast iron radiators. The battery turns out to be big. This, by the way, is one of the reasons why this type of heating device is not recommended for use in networks with low temperatures.

With this calculation, you can also take into account the desired air temperature. If you want the room to be not 20 o C, but, for example, 25 o C, simply calculate the thermal pressure for this case and find the desired coefficient. Let's do the calculation for the same cast iron radiators: the parameters will be 90/70/25. We calculate the temperature difference for this case (90+70)/2-25=55 o C. Now we find the ratio 60 o C/55 o C=1.1. To ensure a temperature of 25 o C you need 11 pcs * 1.1 = 12.1 pcs.

Dependence of radiator power on connection and location

In addition to all the parameters described above, the heat transfer of the radiator varies depending on the type of connection. Considered optimal diagonal connection with supply from above, in this case there is no loss of thermal power. The greatest losses are observed when lateral connection— 22%. All others are average in efficiency. Approximate percentage losses are shown in the figure.

The actual power of the radiator also decreases in the presence of obstructing elements. For example, if a window sill hangs from above, the heat transfer drops by 7-8%; if it does not completely block the radiator, then the loss is 3-5%. When installing a mesh screen that does not reach the floor, the losses are approximately the same as in the case of an overhanging window sill: 7-8%. But if the screen covers the entire heating device, its heat transfer decreases by 20-25%.

Determining the number of radiators for single-pipe systems

There is another very important point: all of the above is true for when a coolant with the same temperature enters the input of each radiator. It is considered much more complicated: there, increasingly colder water flows to each subsequent heating device. And if you want to calculate the number of radiators for a one-pipe system, you need to recalculate the temperature every time, and this is difficult and time-consuming. Which exit? One possibility is to determine the power of radiators for both two-pipe system, and then, in proportion to the drop in thermal power, add sections to increase the heat transfer of the battery as a whole.

Let's explain with an example. The diagram shows a single-pipe heating system with six radiators. The number of batteries was determined for two-pipe wiring. Now we need to make an adjustment. For the first heating device everything remains the same. The second one receives coolant with a lower temperature. We determine the % drop in power and increase the number of sections by the corresponding value. In the picture it turns out like this: 15kW-3kW=12kW. We find the percentage: the temperature drop is 20%. Accordingly, to compensate, we increase the number of radiators: if 8 pieces were needed, there will be 20% more - 9 or 10 pieces. This is where knowing the room will come in handy: if it’s a bedroom or a children’s room, round up, if it’s a living room or other similar room, round down. You also take into account the location relative to the cardinal directions: in the north you round up, in the south you round down.

This method is clearly not ideal: after all, it turns out that the last battery in the branch will have to have simply enormous dimensions: judging by the diagram, coolant with specific heat capacity equal to its power, and in practice it is unrealistic to remove all 100%. Therefore, when determining the power of a boiler for single-pipe systems, they usually take a certain reserve and set shut-off valves and connect the radiators through the bypass so that the heat transfer can be adjusted and thus compensate for the drop in coolant temperature. One thing follows from all this: the number and/or sizes of radiators in single pipe system you need to increase it, and as you move away from the beginning of the branch, install more and more sections.

Results

An approximate calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is simple and quick. But clarification depending on all the features of the premises, size, type of connection and location requires attention and time. But you can definitely decide on the number of heating devices to create a comfortable atmosphere in winter.

Every home owner when installing heating is faced with important issues. What type of radiator should I choose? How to calculate the number of radiator sections? If professional employees are building a house for you, they will help you perform the calculations correctly so that the distribution heating batteries the building was rational. However, this procedure can be carried out independently. You will find the formulas necessary for this below in the article.

Types of radiators

Today there are the following types of heating batteries: bimetallic, steel, aluminum and cast iron. Radiators are also divided into panel, sectional, convector, tubular, and design radiators. Their choice depends on the coolant, the technical capabilities of the heating system and financial opportunity owner of the house. How to calculate the number of radiator sections per room? This does not depend on the type. In this case, only one indicator is taken into account - radiator power.

Calculation methods

To heating system the room worked efficiently and in winter it was warm and comfortable, you need to carefully For this, the following calculation methods are used:

• Standard - carried out on the basis of the provisions of SNiP, according to which heating 1m2 will require a power of 100 watts. The calculation is carried out using the formula: S / P, where P is the power of the department, S is the area of ​​the selected room.
• Approximate - to heat a 1.8 m2 apartment with ceilings 2.5 m high, you will need one radiator section.
• Volumetric method - heating power of 41 W is taken per 1 m 3. The width, height and length of the room are taken into account.

How many radiators will be needed for the whole house?

How to calculate the number of radiator sections for an apartment or house? Calculations are carried out for each room separately. According to the standard, the thermal power per 1 m 3 of the volume of a room with one door, window and external wall, is considered to be 41 watts.

If the house or apartment is “cold”, with thin walls, has many windows, the house or apartment is located on the first or last floor, then to heat them you need 47 W per 1 m 3, and not 41 W. For a house built from modern materials using different insulation materials for walls, floors, ceilings, having metal-plastic windows. you can take 30 W.

To replace cast iron radiators, there is the simplest calculation method: you need to multiply their number by the resulting number - the power of the new devices. By purchasing aluminum or bimetallic batteries for replacement, the calculation is carried out in the ratio: one cast iron rib to one aluminum one.

Rules for calculating the number of branches

• The radiator power increases: if the room is at the end and has one window - by 20%; with two windows - by 30%; windows facing north also require an increase of another 10%; installing a battery under a window - 5%; covering the heating device with a decorative screen - by 15%.
• The power required for heating can be calculated by multiplying the size of the room area (in m2) by 100 W.

In the product passport, the manufacturer indicates the specific power, which makes it possible to calculate the proper number of sections. Do not forget that heat transfer is affected by the power of an individual section, and not by the size of the radiator. Therefore, placing and installing several small appliances in a room is more effective than installing one large one. Heat coming from different sides will heat it evenly.

Calculation of the number of compartments of bimetallic batteries

• Dimensions of the room and the number of windows in it.
• Location of a specific room.
• The presence of unclosed openings, arches and doors.
• Heat transfer power of each section indicated by the manufacturer in the passport.

Stages of calculations

How to calculate the number of radiator sections if all the necessary data is recorded? To do this, determine the area by calculating the derivatives of the width and height of the room in meters. Using the formula S = L x W, calculate the joint area if they have open openings or arches.

Next, the total battery is calculated (P = S x 100), using a power of 100 W to heat one m2. Then the proper number of sections is calculated (n = P / Pc) by dividing the total thermal power by the heat transfer of one section indicated in the passport.

Depending on the location of the room, the calculation of the required number of compartments of the bimetallic device is carried out taking into account correction factors: 1.3 - for corner; use a coefficient of 1.1 - for the first and last floors; 1.2 - used for two windows; 1.5 - three or more windows.

Carrying out calculations of battery sections in the end room, located on the first floor of the house and having 2 windows. The dimensions of the room are 5 x 5 m. The heat output of one section is 190 W.

• We calculate the area of ​​the room: S = 5 x 5 = 25 m2.
• We calculate the thermal power in general: P = 25 x 100 = 2500 W.
• We carry out the calculation necessary sections: n = 2500 / 190 = 13.6. Round up, we get 14. Take into account correction factors n = 14 x 1.3 x 1.2 x 1.1 = 24.024.
• We divide the sections into two batteries and install them under the windows.

We hope that the information presented in the article will tell you how to calculate the number of radiator sections for your home. To do this, use the formulas and make a relatively accurate calculation. It is important to choose the right section power that is suitable for your heating system.

If you cannot independently calculate the required number of batteries for your home, it is best to seek help from specialists. They will perform a competent calculation, taking into account all the factors affecting the efficiency of the installed heating devices, which will ensure warmth in the house during the cold period.

There are no problems with the choice of heating radiators today. Here you can find cast iron, aluminum, and bimetallic ones - choose which ones you want. However, the mere fact of purchasing expensive radiators of a special design is not a guarantee that your home will be warm. In this case, both quality and quantity play a role. Let's figure out how to correctly calculate heating radiators.

Calculation of everything is in the head - we start from the area

An incorrect calculation of the number of radiators can lead not only to a lack of heat in the room, but also to excessive heating bills and too much high temperature in the rooms. The calculation should be made both during the very first installation of radiators and when replacing an old system, where, it would seem, everything has been clear for a long time, since the heat transfer of radiators can differ significantly.

Various rooms - different calculations. For example, for an apartment in multi-storey building you can get by with the simplest formulas or ask your neighbors about their heating experience. In a large private house simple formulas will not help - you will need to take into account many factors that are simply absent in city apartments, for example, the degree of insulation of the house.

The most important thing is not to trust the numbers announced at random by all sorts of “consultants” who tell you by eye (even without seeing the room!) the number of heating sections. As a rule, it is significantly overestimated, which is why you will constantly overpay for excess heat, which will literally go into open window. We recommend using several methods for calculating the number of radiators.

Simple formulas - for an apartment

Residents multi-storey buildings can use enough simple ways calculations that are completely unsuitable for a private home. The simplest calculation is not highly accurate, but it is suitable for apartments with standard ceilings no higher than 2.6 m. Please note that for each room a separate calculation of the number of sections is carried out.

The basis is the statement that for heating square meter The room needs 100 W of radiator thermal power. Accordingly, in order to calculate the amount of heat required for a room, we multiply its area by 100 W. So, for a room with an area of ​​25 m2, it is necessary to purchase sections with a total power of 2500 W or 2.5 kW. Manufacturers always indicate the heat output of sections on the packaging, for example, 150 W. Surely you already understand what to do next: 2500/150 = 16.6 sections

We round the result up, however, for the kitchen you can round it down - in addition to the radiators, a stove and a kettle will also heat the air there.

You should also take into account possible heat loss depending on the location of the room. For example, if this is a room located on the corner of a building, then the thermal power of the batteries can be safely increased by 20% (17 * 1.2 = 20.4 sections); the same number of sections will be needed for a room with a balcony. Please note that if you intend to hide the radiators in a niche or hide them behind a beautiful screen, then you automatically lose up to 20% of the thermal power, which will have to be compensated by the number of sections.

Calculations based on volume - what does SNiP say?

A more accurate number of sections can be calculated taking into account the height of the ceilings - this method is especially relevant for apartments with non-standard height rooms, as well as for a private house as preliminary calculation. In this case, we will determine the thermal power based on the volume of the room. According to SNiP standards, for heating one cubic meter The living space in a standard multi-storey building requires 41 W of thermal energy. This standard value must be multiplied by the total volume that can be obtained by multiplying the height of the room by its area.

For example, the volume of a room with an area of ​​25 m2 with ceilings of 2.8 m is 70 m3. We multiply this figure by the standard 41 W and get 2870 W. Then we proceed as in the previous example - divide total W per heat transfer per section. So, if the heat transfer is 150 W, then the number of sections is approximately 19 (2870/150 = 19.1). By the way, focus on the minimum heat transfer rates of radiators, because the temperature of the medium in the pipes rarely in our realities meets the requirements of SNiP. That is, if the radiator data sheet indicates a range from 150 to 250 W, then by default we take the lower number. If you are responsible for heating a private home, then take the average value.

Exact figures for private houses - we take into account all the nuances

Private houses and large modern apartments don't fall under standard calculations- There are too many nuances to take into account. In these cases, you can use the most accurate calculation method, which takes these nuances into account. Actually, the formula itself is very simple - even a schoolchild can handle it; the main thing is to correctly select all the coefficients that take into account the features of a house or apartment that affect the ability to save or lose thermal energy. So here's our exact formula:

• KT = N*S*K 1 *K 2 *K 3 *K 4 *K 5 *K 6 *K 7
• KT is the amount of thermal power in W that we need to heat a specific room;
• N – 100 W/sq.m, the standard amount of heat per square meter, to which we will apply decreasing or increasing coefficients;
• S is the area of ​​the room for which we will calculate the number of sections.

The following coefficients tend to either increase or decrease the amount of thermal energy, depending on the conditions of the room.

• K 1 – we take into account the nature of the window glazing. If these are windows with conventional double glazing, the coefficient is 1.27. Windows with double glazing – 1.0, with triple glazing – 0.85.
• K 2 – we take into account the quality of the walls’ thermal insulation. For cold, uninsulated walls, this coefficient is by default 1.27, for normal thermal insulation (two-brick masonry) - 1.0, for well-insulated walls - 0.85.
• K 3 – we take into account the average air temperature at the peak of winter cold. So, for -10 °C the coefficient is 0.7. For every -5 °C we add 0.2 to the coefficient. So, for -25 °C the coefficient will be 1.3.
• K 4 – we take into account the ratio of the floor and window area. Starting from 10% (the coefficient is 0.8), for every next 10% we add 0.1 to the coefficient. So, for a ratio of 40%, the coefficient will be equal to 1.1 (0.8 (10%) +0.1 (20%)+0.1(30%)+0.1(40%)).
• K 5 is a reduction factor that adjusts the amount of thermal energy taking into account the type of room located above. We charge per unit cold attic, if the attic is heated - 0.9, if there is a heated living space above the room - 0.8.
• K 6 – we adjust the result upward, taking into account the number of walls in contact with the surrounding atmosphere. If there is 1 wall - the coefficient is 1.1, if there are two - 1.2 and so on up to 1.4.
• K 7 – and the last coefficient that corrects calculations regarding ceiling heights. A height of 2.5 is taken as a unit, and for every half meter of height, 0.05 is added to the coefficient. Thus, for 3 meters the coefficient is 1.05, for 4 - 1.15.

Thanks to this calculation, you will receive the amount of thermal energy that is necessary to maintain a comfortable living environment in a private home or non-standard apartment. All that remains is to divide the finished result by the heat transfer value of the radiators you have chosen to determine the number of sections.

Before purchasing and installation sectional radiators(usually bimetallic and aluminum) most people have a question about how to calculate heating radiators based on the area of ​​the room.

In this case, the most correct thing to do would be to produce But it uses a huge number of coefficients, and the result may be something underestimated or, conversely, overestimated. In this regard, many people use simplified options. Let's look at them in more detail.

Main settings

Please note that the correct operation of the heating system, as well as its efficiency, largely depend on its type. However, there are other parameters that influence this indicator in one way or another. These parameters include:

• Boiler power.
• Number of heating devices.
• Circulation pump power.

Calculations carried out

Depending on which of the above parameters will be subject to detailed study, the corresponding calculation is made. For example, determining the required power of a pump or gas boiler.

In addition, very often it is necessary to calculate heating devices. In the process of this calculation, it is also necessary to calculate the buildings. This is explained by the fact that, having made a calculation, for example, of the required number of radiators, you can easily make a mistake when selecting a pump. Similar situation occurs when the pump cannot cope with the supply to all radiators required quantity coolant.

Enlarged calculation

Calculating heating radiators by area can be called the most democratic way. In the regions of the Urals and Siberia the figure is 100-120 W, in middle lane Russia - 50-100 W. A standard heating device (eight sections, the center distance of one section is 50 cm) has a heat output of 120-150 W. Bimetallic radiators have a slightly higher power - about 200 W. If we're talking about As for the standard coolant, for a room of 18-20 m2 with a height of 2.5-2.7 m, two cast iron devices of 8 sections each will be required.

What determines the number of devices?

Calculation of heating radiators by area

Taking into account the above factors, you can perform a calculation. So, 1 m2 will require 100 W, that is, to heat a room of 20 m2, 2000 W will be required. One cast iron radiator of 8 sections is capable of delivering 120 W. Divide 2000 by 120 and we get 17 sections. As mentioned earlier, this parameter is very comprehensive.

The calculation of heating radiators for a private house with its own heater is carried out according to the maximum parameters. Thus, we divide 2000 by 150 and get 14 sections. We will need this number of sections to heat a room of 20 m2.

Formula for accurate calculation

There is a rather complicated formula by which you can accurately calculate the power of a heating radiator:

Q t = 100 W/m 2 × S(room)m 2 × q1 × q2 × q3 × q4 × q5 × q6× q7, where

q1 - glazing type: conventional glazing - 1.27; double glazing - 1; triple - 0.85.

q2 - wall insulation: poor - 1.27; wall of 2 bricks - 1; modern - 0.85.

q3 - ratio of the areas of window openings to the floor: 40% - 1.2; 30% - 1.1; 20% - 0.9; 10% - 0.8.

q4 - outside temperature(minimum): -35°C - 1.5; -25°C - 1.3; -20°C - 1.1; -15° C - 0.9; -10C° - 0.7.

q5 - number of external walls: four - 1.4; three - 1.3; corner (two) - 1.2; one - 1.1.

q6 - type of room located above the design room: cold attic - 1; heated attic - 0.9; heated residential - 0.8.

q7 - room height: 4.5m - 1.2; 4m - 1.15; 3.5m - 1.1; 3m - 1.05; 2.5m - 1.3.

Example

Let's calculate heating radiators by area:

A room of 25 m2 with two double doors window openings with triple glazed windows, 3 m high, enclosing structures of 2 bricks, a cold attic is located above the room. Minimum air temperature in winter period time - +20°C.

Q t = 100W/m 2 × 25 m 2 × 0.85 × 1 × 0.8(12%) × 1.1 × 1.2 × 1 × 1.05

The result is 2356.20 W. Let's divide this number by So, our premises will require 16 sections.

Calculation of heating radiators by area for a private country house

If the rule for apartments is 100 W per 1 m2 of room, then this calculation will not work for a private house.

For the first floor the power is 110-120 W, for the second and subsequent floors - 80-90 W. In this regard, multi-storey buildings are much more economical.

Calculation of the power of heating radiators by area in a private house is carried out using the following formula:

N = S × 100 / P

In a private house, it is recommended to take sections with a small margin, this does not mean that this will make you feel hot, just that the wider the heating device, the lower the temperature must be supplied to the radiator. Accordingly, the lower the coolant temperature, the longer the heating system as a whole will last.

It is very difficult to take into account all the factors that have any effect on heat transfer heating device. In this case, it is very important to correctly calculate heat losses, which depend on the size of the window and doorways, window. However, the examples discussed above make it possible to determine the required number of radiator sections as accurately as possible and at the same time ensure a comfortable temperature regime in the room.