How to insulate a freezing corner in an apartment from the inside. How can you insulate a corner room in a panel house: principles of insulating a panel house from the outside. Reasons for freezing corners in the house

When building houses made of wood, it was always necessary to take into account many technological features, but the main one is the inconstancy of the sizes of wooden building elements– creates problems not only at the stage of building a house, but also during its operation. One of the consequences of shrinkage - distortions between the logs of a log house - leads to the fact that already two to three years after the completion of construction it is necessary to think about how to insulate the corners of a house made of timber.

If earlier this problem was classified as “additional”, today its relevance has increased significantly, since the use of new types of lumber is often accompanied by errors when assembling corner joints.

This review examines several basic methods of sealing corners, knowledge of which will help protect new house from premature destruction.

What is shrinkage wooden log house, why it happens, and what its consequences are, we discussed in our other articles. Let us recall here that any wooden structure in its life cycle passes several key “time marks” after which its internal geometry changes significantly.

These marks are:

primary shrinkage (1-1.5 years after the frame is assembled);
drying out the living period (after 1-2 heating seasons);
wear of the seal (10-15 years after the last caulking).

After each of these periods in wooden house The sealing of the crown joints is broken and the “environmentally friendly” home turns into a drafty building.

Besides, warm air indoors has more high pressure, therefore, if the insulating seams are broken, the effect of barometric exfiltration occurs, as a result of which a stable effect of cold floors is created in the house, even in cases where heating system working at full capacity.

In addition to natural reasons, the integrity of inter-crown joints big influence The log house assembly diagram is provided.

There are usually three assembly options:

laying in a bowl, associated with the Russian style of wooden architecture;
claw assembly, popular in European and American countries.

Separately, we note that the design internal corners log house is not the only difference between the technologies for building houses from logs and timber. One of the ways to increase reliability wooden buildings became the so-called “Scandinavian felling”, in which more efficient closure of the crowns occurs thanks to a wedge lock between the crowns.

It is noteworthy that attempts to automate construction works only aggravate this problem. The figure below clearly shows how the formed by machine the bowls were deformed to such an extent that centimeter-long cracks appeared in the frame.

Considering all of the above, we can conclude that the construction wooden house- the process is continuous and requires periodic correction of the basic load-bearing structures and updating of the insulation.

Seal problem

Let us immediately emphasize that the problem of thermal insulation of crown joints is by no means new and has been successfully solved by builders over the past millennia. All modern techniques- this is simply a replacement for archaic building materials to their modern analogues.

Despite the fact that during shrinkage the entire frame is deformed, the main channel of heat loss is still the corner joints, so finishing the corners of the frame is often considered as a separately paid operation.

Let's consider what methods exist for insulating corners, and how you can sew up roof joints.

Re-caulking

The most ancient way to restore the heat-insulating properties of a house is to re-caulk all joints both outside and inside the building. The same material that was laid during the construction of the log house is used as insulation. Despite the enormous labor intensity, this method is the cheapest option for restoring the heat-insulating properties of a house.

More modern version caulking involves the use of jute ropes and ropes, which significantly speeds up the process, but reduces the reliability of holding the insulation in the gap.

Creating wedge joints

This method is applicable only at the construction stage. It consists in a more careful implementation of the joints between the crowns, the locks of which have a wedge-shaped configuration.

The recess inside the log is filled with a sealant with a maximum service life (for example, mineral wool), and the edges are sheathed with a closing sealant.

Polymer sealing

The most effective and in a fast way insulation of houses made of profiled timber and logs is polymer sealing.

The peculiarity of this technology is that if it is performed correctly, you can forever forget about the consequences of shrinkage, since the seam is filled with an elastic sealant with a high adhesion coefficient.

When the logs shrink and shift, the new seal is deformed but not destroyed.

The only problem with this method is the high price of a sealant that is resistant to climatic factors.

As an alternative, a combined approach is used, when the main volume of the insulated gap is filled with ordinary (that is, inexpensive) acrylic sealant, and external protective layer formed from a stable special composition.

Let us emphasize once again that shrinkage deformations primarily manifest themselves in corner joints, so re-insulation is often performed only for corners. This is much cheaper, but does not fit well into the design of a log or timber house.

In such cases, the repaired log house can be covered with cladding made of boards, the fixation of which must be carried out taking into account shrinkage displacements.

Wind protection of the facade

Sometimes the deformation of a log house is at such a stage that sealing the joints alone is not enough to normalize heat balance Houses. In such cases, external wind protection is installed in the form of additional facade cladding.

This design uses the “ventilated facade” technology, and for exterior finishing a block house or clapboard is used.

Internal thermal insulation

Any sealant that can be used to seal seams in a wooden house is very critical to large differences humidity and temperature. Therefore, in baths and saunas, in addition to all the methods listed above, internal thermal and vapor insulation is installed, which can be made either in a standard multi-layer method or using a simplified technology - from penofol.

This approach not only extends the overall period of normal operation of the log house, but also increases the energy efficiency of the house.

The Master Srubov company will perform decorative and protective finishing of log and timber houses, including the installation of additional thermal insulation. Clarify the details of cooperation and calculate the cost necessary work You can use any method of communication published on the page.

Of course, do not buy a cold apartment in a high-rise building at all.

Define cold apartment or warm, based on several observations:

The first point is that if the owners are dressed warmly (they are wearing jackets or sweaters), it means that the apartment is cold.
The second point is that you need to compare the external and inside walls. Whether they are the same temperature or not.
The third point is to stand in the corridor or on landing and go into the apartment. Then, listening to your feelings, compare the temperature difference. If changes are not felt, then you need to be wary.

If the apartment is located on one of the extreme floors, then the cause of the cold may be poor thermal insulation of the roof or foundation. The reason for the cold in the apartment may be accelerated poor-quality masonry, which the builders did in a hurry. In panel houses, most likely, the joints between the panels are not sealed.

How can you insulate the walls of an apartment?

In this case, there are, of course, some disadvantages, such as rearranging the furniture and things that are in the room. A noticeable reduction in the living space in the room - this is especially felt when two walls are reduced. And of course, what is especially troublesome is the temporary insulation of the wall from the heating system.

How can you insulate walls from the outside?

Consider this option - you live in multi-storey building on the first floor in corner apartment. In this case, you don’t need a tower to insulate the apartment and all work can be done. Therefore, you can consider the option of insulating the walls in a corner room from the street.

To do this, we use the most common insulation - polystyrene foam. It is better to choose the thickness of the foam yourself, depending on the region of residence. It can range from 5 to 10 centimeters. you need to take a little more so that the foam covers the dimensions of the wall with a margin. Then you need to secure the starting galvanized profile and begin work. Apply a few splashes of tile adhesive to each sheet and press the foam tightly against the wall.

For greater strength, the sheet must be fixed with five umbrella dowels (simply called mushrooms) in the corners and in the center. Holes for dowels can be made with a puncher directly through the foam. After this, apply with a wide spatula thin layer tiled in it is an alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh with a cell size of 5 millimeters. Then we cover the foam with putty and plaster it as usual.

Yes, all this is good if we are on the first floor. And if on the second and higher, and there is no way to insulate the walls from the outside, then we move on to another option.

How can you insulate walls from the inside?

Today there are many solutions. In addition to those problems with wall insulation, which we will consider below, there are others.

The first thing that comes to mind is to insulate the freezing corner using radiators. You can, of course, move the heating radiator to this place, having first checked the number of sections on the radiator. It is desirable to increase them, since the coefficient for is higher than for ordinary residential premises, in which one section per two is used square meters. For corner rooms, a coefficient of up to 1.3 is applied, and in cold regions it is even higher - up to 2.0. So, all our troubles with heating devices did not lead to the desired result.

Then let's pay attention to following points. For example, you feel a cold stream of air from under the window. In addition to installing good metal-plastic windows You can use the insulation as a foam seal. But if this did not help, then the question remains open: how to insulate the room?

Let's try to find other solutions. Luckily for us, there are several of them. Walls can be insulated using mineral wool, polystyrene foam and polystyrene. Let's consider each option separately.

Insulation with mineral wool

Glass wool is an excellent mineral sealant that consists of many small fibers and is made from glass waste. Glass wool has a number of advantages, such as quality, light weight, long service life and environmental friendliness. In addition, cotton wool on the walls reduces noise well.

Cotton mats are installed as follows. First of all, we apply waterproofing film or primer to the wall. Waterproofing is a very important factor, because wet glass wool loses its thermal insulation properties. Then we mount the frame, where we will lay the insulation. It is most convenient to make a frame from wooden slats. We seal the joints between the glass wool mats with tape, and the remaining cracks can be blown out polyurethane foam.

Finally, we apply a second layer of insulation and glue the mounting mesh.

Precautionary measures: do not allow even small particles of glass wool to get into your eyes or respiratory system.

It is best to work with this material with glasses, a respirator and cotton gloves.

Insulation using foam plastic

You can use Poliform insulating underlay under the wallpaper, which protects against cold and fungus. As well as ultra-thin thermal insulation called “Mascoat”.

Insulation "electric heated floor"

The essence of this is to eliminate moisture that accumulates inside the wall. The insulation design will be slightly different from the first two cases.

In simple terms, this is a wall onto which a mat of electrical insulation is attached. Then comes either cotton wool or polystyrene foam. And then herself finishing. The operating principle of a “warm floor” is elementary simple. The insulation heats the wall, which makes it impossible for moisture to form inside the wall itself. The second big advantage is that electric insulation protects the room from heat loss.

As you can see, each insulation option has its pros and cons. Which one to choose is up to you. One thing is important: if you decide to do everything yourself, you need to make an accurate calculation Supplies, as well as future energy costs if electrical insulation is used. The rest is a matter of technique.

Owners of apartments in a separate multi-storey building receive receipts for payment of housing and communal services, all at the same rates according to the occupied living space. However, the air temperature in winter heating season not all residents have the same experience.

Of course, someone has fashionable ones plastic windows and keep warm, but this is not about them. The fact is that in any multi-storey building there are so-called “corner” apartments. They are located in the outer entrances and have two walls in contact with the earth’s atmosphere, which form the corner of the house. Often in such a corner there is a separate room, which remains the coldest in winter, despite the hot radiators. Accordingly, heat loss in such apartments is disproportionately greater, no matter what “golden” windows there are. The owners have only one solution - they need to insulate themselves.

People have learned to insulate their homes from the inside and outside, and external insulation is more effective, since it prevents the walls from freezing and as a result collapsing (for example, plaster falls off due to freezing). You can perform thermal insulation in this way in an apartment, or even with your own hands, but only if this apartment is located on the ground floor. But if it’s higher, you’ll have to hire specialist climbers, and not everyone can afford such a pleasure.

It is advisable to arrange in the apartment internal insulation. It can be done with your own hands, although there is still a minus - the useful living space will decrease by the thickness of the insulation.

Materials for internal insulation

When carrying out work from the inside, the following materials are used:

Expanded polystyrene
Mineral wool insulation
Plaster

The expanded polystyrene group includes regular foam and extruded polystyrene foam. These heat insulators are 96% air and have low thermal conductivity. The raw materials for the remaining 4% are oil and modifiers, which is why the insulation is called organic.

The difference is in manufacturing technology and, as a result, in the structure of materials. In the first case it is foamed, in the second it is cellular. There are online calculators on the Internet that will help you determine the thickness of the thermal insulation layer. A wall insulated with polystyrene foam has a significant disadvantage - hanging shelves and cabinets should not be mounted on it.

Mineral wool for residential premises comes in two types - basalt and glass wool, available in mats, rolls and slabs. Basalt wool It is produced from volcanic rocks of the gabbro-basalt group and similar metamorphic minerals. Glass wool is made from sand, soda limestone or broken glass.

Glass wool fibers tend to be brittle and often crumble into tiny particles, so indoors it must be carefully covered with facing material.

Drywall is best suited for these purposes. The material is extremely hygroscopic; when saturated with moisture by 2%, the thermal conductivity doubles.

Method of insulation with polystyrene foam

At the beginning of work, the wall surface is prepared. If there was wallpaper on it, you need to remove it and level the surface with putty. After drying, you can start laying waterproofing material. If you neglect this procedure, you can significantly reduce the thermal insulation properties of the structure, as well as provide food for colonies of microorganisms such as mold and fungi.

Insulation boards are attached on top of the waterproofing using special glue. The elements are laid tightly end to end. If it was not possible to avoid cracks and gaps between them, then they must be filled with polyurethane foam. Next, the entire structure is reinforced with acrylic mesh and plastered. Subsequent finishing - to the taste of the owner - simple painting, decorative plaster etc.

Insulating an apartment with mineral wool

With this technique, the walls do not require special preparation; they do not even need to be plastered. Wooden or metal slats are immediately attached to the surface. The height of the slats must correspond to the thickness of the heat insulator, the distance between them is taken as the width of the roll (mat) minus 2 cm to ensure that the material fits tightly into the frame.

A vapor barrier film is laid on top of the slats; it can be attached to the wall using “liquid nails.” Next, mineral wool is laid, on top of which another layer of vapor barrier is made. After which the entire structure is covered with plasterboard, the sheets of which are attached directly to the slats. Further finishing is a matter of taste for the owners.

Plaster as a method of insulation

Plastering wall surfaces is one of the oldest ways of insulating a home by humans. However, it is still effectively used today according to proven modern technology in three layers:

The first layer (5-10 mm) is sprayed. It is applied with a liquid solution to fill cracks and crevices.
The second layer (50-60 mm) is soil. Acts as a heat insulator
The third layer (3-5 mm) is a covering, final leveling walls

It remains to add that this method is a champion in environmental cleanliness and room hygiene.

Regardless of the material from which the house is built, be it wood or brick, you can often encounter such a problem as freezing of the corners.

The reason for this is not only the laws of nature, but also the mistakes of builders. The fact is that any corner is a kind of bridge of cold.

If during the construction of a house the builders saved on insulation or mortar in the brickwork, then the cold will penetrate into the home through the voids.

IN winter time As a result of the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, condensation may occur in the corners. This is what causes mold and cold to occur.

The first thing that comes to mind when deciding to solve the problem of freezing corners is additional insulation of the house from the inside. But this is far from the best option.

The internal insulation of a house shifts the “dew point” inward, resulting in winter period the walls become damp, which means their untimely destruction.

As a result of such insulation, freezing of corners can only intensify. Therefore, the only correct solution is insulation from the outside.

Thermal insulation of house corners from outside

Due to their high thermal conductivity, corners are the most vulnerable part of any home. And the reason for this may be poor sealing of seams, poor insulation, or the presence of voids in the concrete.

Reliable sealing of seams and insulation of the outside walls of the house will help improve the situation.

The modern market offers many first-class insulation materials. For example, in the so-called “warm” plaster, foam granules are used instead of sand.

It is not only much lighter ordinary solution, but also perfectly allows steam to pass through, allowing the walls to “breathe” and prevent the formation of condensation. The insulating effect of “warm” plaster can be compared to brickwork.

But this is far from the only way to insulate a house from the outside. Recently, so-called “liquid” thermal insulation has appeared on the market, which is produced by various manufacturers under different brands.

Such insulation is especially relevant for such difficult parts of the house as freezing corners. The composition of insulating solutions includes special microspheres filled with air.

They perfectly insulate heat inside the house. Suspensions for façade insulation also include: acrylic polymers or synthetic rubber, paint, as well as anti-corrosion and anti-fungal components.

Thanks to their composition, “liquid” solutions for home insulation are lightweight, stable, flexible and waterproof.

However, with all its technical perfection, liquid formulations cannot compare with such traditional heat-insulating materials as polystyrene foam, mineral wool, polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam.

Thermal insulation of the corners of the house from the inside

As mentioned above, ideal solution problems with freezing corners is to insulate the house from the outside.

This is easy for owners of a private home. But what to do if the corners freeze in an apartment in a multi-story building? In this case, you will have to turn to the help of construction climbers.

If you can’t afford it, you can find a way out and insulate the corners from the inside with your own hands, getting a pretty good result.

First of all, you should remove the wallpaper and repair the cracks. But even if they are not there, this does not mean that the wall is monolithic. Tap it with a hammer. If there are voids, the sound will come out dull.

The plaster over possible cavities is removed and the wall is thoroughly dried. To prevent mold from occurring in the future, the corner must be treated with antifungal compounds.

Sometimes you have to use acid to remove mold. blowtorch or even cutting off part of the wall.

Voids and cracks are filled with liquid polystyrene foam or construction foam. They do not absorb moisture at all and are resistant to such biological factors, like mold, mildew and rot.

The foam adheres perfectly to all types of surfaces and materials and does not lose its qualities at sub-zero temperatures.

This treatment will protect the walls from further moisture ingress. After drying, the remaining foam is cut off and cleaned, and the walls are covered with plaster and wallpapered again.

To protect yourself from dampness, insulating a corner from the inside is best done in the warm and dry season.

Do not fill voids with tow or mineral wool, as these are very porous materials that easily absorb moisture.

Where does cold air come from?

Corner apartments are located in the outer entrances. The two walls that form the corner of the house are blown by cold winds. Such housing requires additional insulation.

If you insulate a corner apartment from the inside, it will become comfortable to live in.

Most often the reason is in the walls. It could either be of poor quality brickwork, or cold bridges in the joints between panels

In low-rise buildings, the facade can be finished with penoplex. External work is also possible in high-rise buildings, but only for residents of the first floors. And even then, if there is no ban from the city authorities on changing appearance Houses.

How to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside

There are several technologies that can improve the microclimate of a corner apartment:

Using polystyrene foam is simple and inexpensive way. But it cannot be mounted on a wall insulated with any type of foam plastic. hanging shelves and cabinets - the connection will be fragile.
Application of mineral wool. This material crumbles easily, so indoors it needs to be lined with plasterboard or decorative panels.
Insulation with plaster. In terms of environmental friendliness, this method is the most attractive.

Before laying any insulation, the walls should be cleared of wallpaper and puttied.

Expanded polystyrene slabs are glued using a special compound onto a wall that has been previously coated with waterproofing. Large gaps between them are foamed. Then the wall is covered with reinforcing mesh and plastered. Mineral wool fixed to the wall using wooden or metal slats. It should be surrounded on both sides by layers of vapor barrier.