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Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a domestic forest-forming species; tree heights can reach 40m. The bark is red-brown, cracking on old parts of the trunk, young - with an orange tint, thin, flaky. The crown is broadly cone-shaped at first, almost umbrella-shaped in old trees. Needles 2 in a bunch, rigid, often curved, 4-6 cm long, bluish. The cones are curved downwards, ovoid, 4-7 x 2-3.5 cm, ripen in the second year. The apophyses are rhombic, slightly thickened, grayish-brown, with a small umbilicus. Winged seeds.
In domestic forestry, the most famous is the intraspecific classification of Scots pine and its varieties, made by Doctor of Biological Sciences L. F. Pravdin. He identified five subspecies or geographic races of pine. Its distribution area covers the entire temperate zone of Eurasia.
Light-loving, grows quickly on any soil.
Throughout its range it has many natural forms and produces hybrids with mountain and black pines. In total, there are more than 120 varieties of Scots pine in nature.
Scots pine ‘Alba Picta’. It grows slowly. Height at 10 years is 3-4 m. The crown is like that of the wild form. The ends of the needles are yellowish. A variety with this name is found only in catalogs of domestic companies; perhaps it is ‘Aureopicta’ (1868, France).
Scots pine variety ‘Albyns’(‘Albyn’, ‘Albynn’s Prostrate’) (before 1960, USA). Dwarf. The annual growth is about 10 cm. The crown is cushion-shaped or creeping, quite dense and even. The central leader is strongly bent, branches spread along the ground. This variety of Scots pine has bluish needles. Seedling. It is recommended to remove the central leader for greater effect. Grafted onto a standard it gives a weeping form.
Scots pine variety ‘Aurea’(‘Wintergold’) (1876). Tree of medium height. It grows slowly. The crown is ovoid or broadly pyramidal. The needles in summer are like those of the wild form, after frost they turn yellow and in winter they become bright yellow. The varieties ‘Gold Coin’ (England), compact, with light green summer needles, and ‘Nisbet’s Gold’ (England), which is brighter and grows faster than ‘Aurea’, are considered more beautiful.
Pine variety ‘Beuvronensis’(until 1891, France). Dwarf. At 25 years old, about 0.5 m tall. The crown is round, flattened, dense and even, becoming a mop with age. Highly resinous. The needles are about 2 cm long. Witch's broom.
Pine ‘Bonna’. Large tree. Grows quickly. The crown is like that of the wild form. The needles are intensely blue.
Scots pine ‘Candlelight’. Medium sized tree. Grows quickly. The crown is like that of the wild form. The needles on young shoots have light yellow tips.
Pine variety ‘Chantry Blue’. Dwarf. It grows very slowly. The crown is tussock-shaped, lower and more compact than that of ‘Watereri’. The needles are blue. Beautiful orange male buds.
Variety ‘Compressa’(1867, France). Dwarf. The annual growth is 4-5 cm. The crown is columnar, the branches are raised, pressed to the trunk. The needles are 1-2 cm long. The cones are very small.
Variety ‘Frensham’(England). Dwarf. The crown is ovoid, dense. The needles are bluish. Witch's broom.
Pine ‘Glauca’. Medium sized tree. Annual growth is 15 cm. The crown is dense, similar to that of the wild form. The needles are blue. Often there is a dwarf form of ‘Glauca Nana’ with a rounded, very dense crown up to 2 m in height, which is sometimes grafted onto a standard.
Scots pine ‘Hillside Creeper’(1970, USA). Medium size. The annual growth is 10-20 cm, with age the growth rate slows down. At 10 years, the height is 0.5 m with a width of 2 m. The crown is low, creeping, dense, layering in the center with age. The needles are grayish-green in summer, turn yellow after frost and turn golden in winter. Found as a seedling.
Pine variety ‘Jeremy’(1982, England). Dwarf, tussock-shaped. It grows slowly. At 25 years old it reaches almost 1 m in height and 1.2 m in width. The branches are dense and thin. The needles are short and green.
Scots pine variety ‘Moseri’(‘Moser’, P. nigra ‘Pygmaea’) (before 1900). Dwarf. It grows slowly. The crown is dense, oval or ovoid. As you can see in the photo, the branches of this variety of Scots pine are short and dense. The needles are very thick, hard, 5-6 cm long, somewhat sinuous, turning yellow in winter. Found in the mountains of Italy.
Pine ‘Norske Typ’(‘Noorwegen’). Medium sized tree. At 10 years of age, the height is 12 m. The crown is like that of the wild form. The needles are short, grayish-green. Commonly used for bonsai.
'Repanda'. Wide flat shape with powerful splayed shoots. Annual growth is 10-15 cm. The needles are 5-8 cm long, grayish. The cones are apical, small, up to 1.5 cm long.
Variety ‘Sandringham’(1970, England). Dwarf. Up to 1 m tall. The crown is round, very dense. Witch's broom seedling. The needles are green. May be offered on a standard.
Pine species include different varieties of this mighty tree. Basically, the division is based on the territorial affiliation of the plant’s habitat. But some types of pine are artificially bred or selected. In this case, the name reflects the name of the breeder.
We offer you material that contains photos and descriptions of pine species.
To begin with, we suggest general description pine trees as crops. These are mostly trees, less often bushy trees or creeping shrubs. In trees, the shape of the crown often changes with age from pyramidal to spherical or umbrella-shaped due to the drying out of the lower branches to a greater height and expansion in width. There are ordinary, elongated shoots and shortened ones, on which needles are collected. The needles are triangular or flat in bunches of (1)2-5(8), long, narrow, stored on the shoot for 3-6 years. The base of the tuft is surrounded by several small scales. The cones are woody, differently oriented: from erect to drooping. The seed scales have a thickening at the end - an apophysis, often decorated with a tuberous navel. Seeds with and without wings.
There are about 110 species in the genus, distributed in the Northern Hemisphere - from the tundra to the tropics.
Agricultural technology. Not all types of pine trees found in our product range are winter-hardy. The ones listed have been tested under conditions middle zone and can be recommended as virtually problem-free. Most of them are light-loving, only those such as the Rumelian pine and dwarf pine tolerate partial shade, and the Korean pine even prefers it in at a young age. In general, pines are undemanding to soil fertility and are drought-resistant. They prefer dry sandy and rocky soils with the exception of Weymouth pine, mountain Weymouth pine, pitch pine, Wallich pine, cedar pines, which grow well with moderate moisture. Limestone ones are suitable for mountain pine. They are highly sensitive to industrial air pollution.
Application. The use of pine trees in garden design very diverse: they look good both in groups and in solitary planting. Mountain pine and dwarf cedar are suitable for large rockeries. Many are suitable for afforestation of areas with poor soils, securing dunes, and in forest belts. In cities, their use is limited by high sensitivity to air pollution.
Weymouth mountain pine
Mountain Weymouth pine, or western white pine— Pinus monticola is a tall tree species.
Tree over 30 m tall. Similar to Weymouth pine. Has a narrower crown. It is also distinguished by the thick red pubescence of young shoots and bluish-green needles.
From western North America. In culture since 1831
Varieties of Weymouth mountain pine
Several varieties of mountain Weymouth pine are known.
Weymouth pine variety ‘Ammerland’ (Germany). Tree of medium height. At 10 years of age, the height is about 3 m. The crown is smooth and pyramidal. The needles are blue.
Siberian cedar pine and its photo
Siberian cedar pine, Siberian cedar - Pinus sibirica - is a powerful tree up to 30 m. In cultivation, by the age of 20, the height is about 3 m (Moscow). A species close to the European cedar pine, from which it differs in shorter, 6-13 cm, rough needles and large cones 6-13 x 5-8 cm. foreign catalogs may be listed as a variety of European cedar. Below you can see the photo Siberian pine cedar:
It grows in the taiga zone of Russia: in Komi, Western Siberia, in the south of Eastern Siberia, and in northern Mongolia.
It grows slowly and is relatively resistant to air pollution. Grows best in moderately moist loams.
Hooked pine
Hooked pine -Pinus uncinata(P. rostrata) is close to mountain pine, but has the shape of a low single-trunk tree. The needles are straighter and thinner, 5-8 cm long, somewhat twisted. Cones 5-7 x 2-3 cm, lopsided. The apophyses are pyramidal-swollen, cones extended to the base, the navel is concave. Winged seeds.
Lives in the Pyrenees and Alps.
Varieties. There are 10 varieties, although many can also be classified as mountain pine.
Pine ‘Grune Welle’ (P. mugo ‘Grune Welle’, P. mugo ssp. uncinata ‘Grune Welle’)(1989, Germany). Dwarf. Annual growth is 2 cm. Height is 0.2 m with a width of 0.4 m. The crown is cushion-shaped, very dense, tuberculate. The needles are dark, thick, about 4 cm long. May be offered on a standard.
Pallas or Crimean pine
Pallas pine, or Crimean pine - Pinus pallassiana- This is a tree up to 20 m tall. The bark is almost black, reddish in the upper part of the trunk, with deep cracks. The crown is broadly ovoid, dense, and becomes umbrella-shaped with age. Crimean pine differs from other species in structure. Its branches are spread horizontally, with ascending ends. It differs from its related black pine in its large cones: 8-10 x 4-6 cm, scales with widely rounded apophyses and some other small details.
Homeland - Crimea, Caucasus, Crete, Asia Minor, Balkans. In cultivation since 1790. Very light-loving, drought-resistant, not particularly winter-hardy, undemanding to the soil.
Rumelian pine and its photo
Rumelian pine - Pinus peuce is a tree up to 20 m tall with a cone-shaped low crown. In culture at 10 years old - 2.5 m (Moscow). The bark is brown, with peeling plates. Young shoots are bare. The needles are dense, the needles are in bunches of 5, 6-10 cm in length, dense, bluish. Cones on stalks, hanging, cylindrical, 8-10 x 2.54 cm, ripen in the third year. The apophyses are convex, with a navel at the apex. Winged seeds.
It grows naturally in the mountains of the Balkans. In culture since 1863
It grows quickly, is unpretentious, and relatively shade-tolerant.
Resinous pine
Resinous pine, red - Pinus resinosa reaches 30 m in nature, in culture (Moscow) at 10 years the height is about 3 m.
The crown is wide, the skeletal branches are powerful and outstretched. The bark is red-brown, scaly. The branches are bare. Needles are 2 in bunches, thin, hard, 12-17 cm long. Cones are almost sessile, usually collected in 2, brown, 4-6 x 3 cm, fall off in the third year. The apophyses are light, with a small carina, shiny, with a dark umbilicus and a small pointed point. Winged seeds.
Homeland - eastern North America. In culture since 1736
Suitable for wet sandy and peaty soils.
Sosnowsky pine, or hooked pine - Pinus sosnowskyi (P. hamata)
In nature, it is found in the mountains: in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Turkey and Iran. Quite winter hardy.
Schwerin pine
Schwerin pine - Pinus x schwerinii - is a hybrid of Wallich and Weymouth pines. Outwardly it more closely resembles Wallich pine.
The needles are 8-11 cm long, drooping. Cones are 8-15 cm long, straight or slightly curved, on stalks. Scales like Wallich pine. Origin unknown. Found in a botanical garden near Berlin in 1905. Winter hardiness has not been determined. Possibly better than Wallich pine. x
Pine in the photo
Pine of all biological species is an excellent component of landscaping a large area. What do pine trees look like in the wild?
This is an evergreen monoecious tree of the coniferous family with a round, wide-pyramidal or umbrella-shaped crown; with flaky or smooth bark from almost white to black-brown. The needles are long, in bunches. Pine shoots are of two types: elongated and shortened, from gray-green to yellowish-brown.
Pine flowers are male and female. Male flowers in the form of spikelets are collected at the base of the current year's shoots and sit in the axils of scaly leaves. The anthers are numerous, the pollen has air sacs, which allows it to be carried by the wind over long distances. Female cones are single or grouped, sitting at the tip of the branches.
Flowering and pollination occur in the spring. The seeds in the cones ripen after 1.5-2 years and fall out when they crack.
When describing the pine tree, it is worth noting the exceptional adaptability of this crop to unfavorable environmental conditions. It is drought-resistant and frost-resistant, light-loving, but can also tolerate shading, is undemanding to soils and gratefully accepts fertile loams and sandy loams.
Look at the photo of what pine trees look like different types and forms:
Pine 
Pine
Pine 
Pine
Agricultural technology for growing pine: planting, care and propagation by seeds (with photo)
Growing and caring for pine is not difficult. The formation of its crown occurs naturally. No trimming is needed. It is resorted to only when the apex is broken or two apical leaders grow at once. In this case, the top is replaced with a side shoot from the whorl located below, which is tied to a stake installed on the plant. To fill the space created by the raised branch, the remaining branches in the whorl are tied with twine and pulled towards the tier. After a year or two, when the new leader and whorl are fixed in the desired position, the twine and stake are removed.
Video: Collecting pine seeds and growing them
When two leaders develop, one of them is removed “on the ring”, and the remaining one is given a strictly vertical position using a stake and twine.
Pine loves to wash its needles with water summer time. You can only replant with a clod of soil and at an early age.
Pine can only bud in those places where there are needles, best of all - on fresh growth. Pines absolutely do not grow back from stumps and bare branches.
In ornamental gardening, mainly 7 species of pine trees out of 12 known are used. Next you can see photos and descriptions of the types of pine trees that are most popular among gardeners. Dwarf forms, creeping and low-growing, ideal for small gardens, rock gardens, for planting in the foreground of a summer cottage or personal plot.
Pine is propagated by seeds; they ripen mainly in the 2nd year after flowering; seed material is collected in September - October until December. In some pines (Weymouth), the cones crack after ripening and fall along with the seeds. The peculiarity of the propagation of cedar pines is that their cones do not crack; the seeds must be extracted from them. After ripening, the cones are collected immediately, as the seeds quickly lose their viability.
Freshly harvested seeds of Weymouth pine, pine and Scots pine are sown in autumn in ridges, which are covered until spring. In the spring, after removing the cover and emergence of seedlings, they are shaded.
Spring sowing is done for Banks and mountain pine seeds, having subjected them to preliminary stratification. It lasts 4-5 months. Scots pine seeds, which can also be sown in the spring, are not stratified, but are soaked in water for 1-2 days.
When growing pine trees, caring for seedlings requires shading, regular watering, shelters, weeding and loosening. Fast-growing species require such care for 1-3 years, slow-growing species - 3-4 years. The shade is made smaller from year to year in order to harden the seedlings and acclimate them to atmospheric conditions.
To form a root system, seedlings must be transplanted, providing them large area nutrition, where intensive care is given for 5-6 years, including regular watering, washing the crowns, weeding, loosening and mulching.
These photos show planting and caring for different types of pine trees:
Pine tree care 
Pine tree care
Mulching 
Replanting a pine tree
Healing properties of pine
Possessing great vitality, pine contains a storehouse of healing riches. And pine needles, and sap, and buds, and wood - everything in pine heals, heals, and goes to work. Pine needle extract is used for life-giving baths.
Pine sap - resin - containing rosin is a raw material for the manufacture of ointments and plasters. Turpentine obtained from it is an excellent external remedy for neuralgia, rheumatism, and gout. Pine inhalations cure the most persistent cough and laryngeal catarrh, acting as an antiseptic.
Tar, used in the treatment of skin diseases - scabies, eczema, neurodermatitis, also has a disinfecting effect.
The shortened apical shoots of pine (buds), which must be collected in February - March, before they begin to grow, have expectorant and disinfectant properties. Healing properties pine trees are used for colds, bronchitis and even tuberculosis.
Some species of pine trees have large, edible seeds rich in fatty oils and proteins.
Video: Pine cones, preparation
Scots pine is the most widespread. This a big tree, the root system of which is deep and extends beyond the crown.
As you can see in the photo, this type of pine has a straight, tall and slender trunk, without branches:
Pine 
Pine
In youth, the crown is cone-shaped, then rounded or umbrella-shaped. Crown change stops only at the age of 50, when apical growth stops. At the same time, the side shoots are still growing.
pine trunk
The appearance of a pine tree of this form is characterized by reddish-brown, furrowed bark in the lower part of the trunk. In the upper part of the trunk, the bark is yellowish-red, with peeling plates. On young trees, the bark is gray-green and smooth. The needles are blue-green, hard, pointed, up to 8 cm long, and stay on the tree for 2 to 7 years.
Pine root system
This species is highly adaptable due to its plastic root system. It develops in accordance with the conditions where it grows. So, on the sand or when standing close groundwater pine roots are superficial. In fresh, fertile, deep soils, this pine has a tap root up to 2 m deep.
Scots pine blooms in May - June, the cones are elongated-ovate, up to 7 cm in length. Seeds (3-4 mm) black, gray. Seed germination is high, up to 90%, but during storage it loses it after 3-4 years.
Seed germination and emergence of seedlings is possible throughout the growing season. Under favorable humidity conditions, seedlings appear 2-3 weeks after sowing. They bear 4-7 triangular cotyledons. The needles are arranged spirally. At the top of the elongated shoot of the second year, one apical and several lateral buds are formed, of which next year an axial shoot with 2-3 lateral branches will develop, forming the first whorl.
Scots pine is considered a moderate growing species. Maximum growth is observed at 15-20 years of age. It is unpretentious to climatic conditions and soils and can grow where other breeds suffer from poor soils. Loves open sunny places. Moreover, in the north, high in the mountains, its light-loving nature increases, while in the south it prefers, especially at a young age, some shading. In urban conditions it does not tolerate smoke, soot, or gas.
Numerous decorative forms are known that arose in the places where it grows. This -
Pine "chalk" 
Pine "swamp"
“chalk”, “swamp”,
Pine "Litvinova" 
Pine "Wilhelma"
"Litvinova", "Wilhelma",
Salt marsh pine 
Heat-resistant pine
"salt", "heat-resistant",
Pine "Minusinskaya" 
Pine "Kazakhstan" 
Pine "Kulundinskaya"
“Minusinskaya”, “Kazakhstanskaya”, “Kulundinskaya”.
Here you can see photos of pine varieties of this type:
Scots pine 
Scots pine
Crimean pine (Pallas) in the photo
Crimean pine (Pallas)- grows wild in the south, in the forests of Crimea, western Transcaucasia, and the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is very durable, living up to 600 years. Check out the photo and description of this type of pine tree.
A tree with a dark brown, reddish, deeply furrowed crown in the upper part of the trunk. The shoots are yellow-brown and shiny. The needles are dark green, long and prickly (15 cm). The cones are sessile, solitary. The seeds are large, ripening in the 3rd year after flowering. They have a very low germination rate, only 9-13%. The roots are deep and spreading out.
It is characterized by fast growth and unpretentiousness to soils. Can grow on sands and limestones. But on rich silt-like loams it grows quickly and becomes exceptionally decorative. Heat-loving and light-loving, but can also tolerate shade.
Crimean pine combines very beautifully with hawthorn, contrasting in color and shape, or with Norway maple and black walnut. This decorative variety pine trees look great in a dense group of white poplar and western thuja or in a loose group of prickly spruce and horse chestnut.
Weymouth pine in the photo
Weymouth pine. The crown is wide-pyramidal, with branches arranged as if on floors, which gives the tree originality and decorativeness. The bark is smooth, light gray, and with age becomes scaly with deep longitudinal cracks.
The needles are dark green, long (up to 10 cm), soft, collected in bunches on short shoots.
As shown in the photo, this variety of pine has cylindrical cones, straight or slightly curved, up to 15 mm long, green in color, mature ones are light brown, hanging:
Weymouth pine cones 
Weymouth pine cones
Weymouth pine is characterized by rapid growth and great shade tolerance, which is not typical for pine trees. Prefers fertile sandy loam, loam and moisture. Despite the fact that its main root is very deep, the horizontal roots are also actively developing in breadth.
The morphological solidity of the pine also affects its fruiting. It blooms only from the age of 10. The seeds ripen in the 2nd year after flowering, located in oblong cylindrical cones 15 cm long. The cones crack and the seeds fall out freely. They awaken relatively quickly, having a germination rate of 40-50%.
Pine is very picturesque in parks and gardens in single and group plantings. But the city suffers from soot and gas.
Dwarf form of Weymouth pine "Nana" in the photo
Dwarf form of Weymouth pine "Nana" It has a thick and wide crown. The plant is up to 1.5-2 m high, with relatively short bluish-green needles, undemanding and frost-resistant.
Pay attention to the photo - this variety of pine can be planted singly and in small gardens:
Pine in the garden 
Pine in the garden
Banks pine in the photo
Banks Pine- a low tree, with a sparse ovoid crown and red-brown bark. It is frost-resistant and undemanding to soil. Grows quickly. Bears fruit from the age of 5-6 years. The cones are sessile, gray, curved at the end.
Italian pine in the photo
Italian pine at a young age it has a conical crown, then umbrella-shaped. The bark is reddish-red. Young shoots are greenish-yellow. The buds are elongated and not resinous, as in other species. The needles are dark green, sessile in pairs in bunches. Single cones, sessile at the top of the shoots, ripen in the 3rd year after flowering. This pine, more than all others, is drought-resistant and unpretentious to soil. Its distribution area is the mountainous regions of the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. Very decorative in single plantings.
Black pine (Australian)- a tree with black, deeply furrowed bark. The shoots are gray-brown. The buds are also brown and resinous. The needles are hard, prickly, gray-green. The cones are shiny, gray-brown, very resinous. Pine is slow growing. It is shade-tolerant and unpretentious to soils. Can grow on rocks and limestone. It is good to use for afforestation of dry slopes. In garden design, black pine looks best in a homogeneous group of 3-5 trees of different ages, planted closely together. But it can also make an original impression in a group of Weymouth pine, English oak, warty birch or only with walnut, warty birch and cherry.
Mountain pine- the tree is relatively small and can even grow in the form of a bush. Annual shoots are light green, glabrous, and young shoots often look like candles. The needles are curved, dark green, stay on the branches for 3-5 years. Cones on short stalks, single. The seeds ripen in the 2nd year after flowering. It is unpretentious to soils, tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Drought and frost resistant. Decorative, suitable for single and group plantings, looks best in a rock garden or against the background of trees. Blends well with other types of plants.
Video: Planting mountain pine
Scots pine (class coniferous, genus pine) is a widespread tree in Russia that can live from 400 to 600 years. In the old days, legends were made about this tree; Scots pine was considered a tree that protected and showed the way. So what is unusual about this plant?
Scots pine - description of the tree, photos and videos
Scots pine is a tree that in its youth has a cone-shaped crown; later the crown becomes rounded, becomes see-through and rises high above the ground. The gigantic size of the tree, which reaches a height of 30-40m, amazes the imagination.
The shoots of a young plant are greenish, and with age they acquire a yellowish-gray color. Mature trees are distinguished by reddish-yellow bark in the middle of the trunk, which is characterized by peeling off in thin plates.
The lower part has deep cracks in the bark. The resinous pine buds have an ovoid, pointed shape. Since ancient times, healing decoctions have been made from the bark of the tree, and the buds have found use in modern medicine.
The needles are on a short shoot, in a bunch of a couple of pieces. The length of the needles is from four to eight centimeters; to the touch it is smooth, hard and prickly.
Mature cones have an oval-conical shape, measuring about three to five centimeters. Gradually opening, they remain on the tree for a long time. Once opened, the cones take on a spherical shape.
The size of the cones, needles, and growth pattern directly depends on the habitat conditions of the plant. For example, swamp pine is found in the forest-tundra and in the forest zone in peat bogs. The tree has a low trunk (up to 3m), often curved at the base, short needles and small cones.
Another type of pine is chalk pine, found in the Kursk region. Dense, short needles form a sparse and low curly crown, which significantly distinguishes chalk pine from Scots pine.
The seeds are oblong-ovoid in shape, have different colors - from light brown to black, with a brown wing 15-20 mm long. Pine wood is shiny, soft, resinous, has yellowish sapwood and a brownish-red core.
Scots pine is an excellent ornamental and building material. The tree's needles are jagged at the edges, the stomatal stripes are bluish below and dark green above. In favorable conditions, pine needles will last about three years, but in urban conditions this period is noticeably shortened.
The evergreen plant tolerates harsh winters well. By the onset of winter, the concentration of essential oils and resin in the needles increases. The end of May and the beginning of June is the time of “blooming” of pine. Light yellow pollen is formed in male cones and flies over vast distances.
Male cones fall off after pollination. Female cones are located at the ends of young shoots. The covering scales located along the axis of the cones have axils with woody seeds. Two ovules located in the seed scales turn into seeds after pollination and fertilization.
In winter, the cones remain on the branches, and in spring time the fusion of male and female gametes occurs. Cones that have already ripened in the fall remain unopened until the onset of spring. Seeds fall out already in the third year in April-June. Pine reproduces only by seeds.
Pine is widespread in the European part of Russia, the Far East, Western and Eastern Siberia, as well as in the Mediterranean countries, Central Europe, and Scandinavia.
The breed is light-loving and does not grow well in shady conditions; it is not demanding on soil and moisture. Scots pine appeared about 150 million years ago, as evidenced by the amazingly beautiful amber - the fossilized resin of ancient pine trees.
Watch the video - Scots pine showered the Khabarovsk Territory during flowering
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GROWING ORNAMENTAL PINES - PLANTING AND CARE
Pine trees will always have a place in the garden, no matter how big or very small it is. The sizes, crown shape and color of their needles are so varied that you can always choose the best option. There are more than a hundred species of pine trees, however, not all of them can winter with us. But there are also a lot of two dozen species suitable for central Russia, and there are plenty of offers on the market today.
Fluffy beauties of pine trees are unusually beautiful at any time of the year. While the garden is not covered with greenery, they enliven the dull landscape, but when everything around blooms, they become a wonderful backdrop for flowers and shrubs. And what could be more pleasant than inhaling the resinous smell of sun-warmed branches in the summer heat!
WHY DO PINES BE LOVED AND APPRECIATED?
Many peoples revered pine as a symbol of longevity, fertility, and wisdom. There are many legends about her. The most beautiful of them tells how the lovely nymph of the dawn Pitya gave her heart to the mischievous and cheerful Pan, the spirit and patron of the forests. But the fierce god of the north wind Boreas, who loved the beauty, kidnapped her, turned her into a pine tree and carried her to a lonely rock
Pines are rightly called queens among coniferous plants. They are famous not only for their beauty, but also for their longevity; many of them can live for hundreds of years. In addition, they amaze with their unpretentiousness and ability to adapt to the most different conditions: found above the Arctic Circle and in southern latitudes, on the seashore and near swamps, even on granite rocks, rising into the mountains to a height of 2500 m.
Tall powerful pines with spreading crowns are the basis of the entire garden composition; they require open space and not
need some additional design. For such a single planting, the most resistant species and varieties are chosen, because all formation errors and damage to the crown will immediately be evident. But compact plants with an unusual crown shape can also perform “solo”, for example, weeping ones grafted onto a tree trunk, or low mountain pines planted among large stones.
It is better not to plant creeping species and varieties of pine on the lawn; it is beautiful, but not rational: it will be difficult to care for them, and the lawn itself will be difficult to mow. There is no need to place pine trees under large deciduous trees, they will cover them with fallen leaves, which will have to be removed so that the needles do not begin to rot.
The healing properties of pine were noted in ancient times. Recipes for poultices and compresses from pine needles were found on clay tablets during excavations of ancient Sumerian settlements; it was part of embalming compositions in Ancient Egypt. In Rus', pine resin - oleoresin - was chewed to disinfect the oral cavity, strengthen teeth and gums, and with its help wounds, cuts and burns were healed.
In general, mountain pines are a godsend for the garden; they are very convenient: they do not clutter up the area, do not “fly” into the sky, and at the same time they branch strongly, forming a dense crown, and grow slowly. They can be planted on the banks of reservoirs, to secure dry slopes, in a Japanese or heather garden.
Low pines grow well in cramped spaces, easily fitting into compositions 
with other conifers: spruce, juniper, larch, fir, thuja. They also go well with low shrubs with bright foliage: spireas, derains, barberries. They look harmonious next to bulbous flowers, steppe grasses, and sedums.
Pine trees in the garden are not only beautiful, but also good for health. They secrete phytoncides, volatile organic matter with enormous bactericidal power. And the buds and needles contain a lot of substances necessary for the body: carotene, vitamins C, B, E, tannins, alkaloids, benzoic acid, essential oils.
Largest quantity useful substances found in swollen, but not yet blossoming buds and in the needles of 2-3 year old plants. They are used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, osteochondrosis, neuralgia, rheumatism, and bleeding gums. Infusions and decoctions of cedar pine needles are used for bronchial asthma and respiratory diseases as an expectorant; extracts are produced from it for strengthening baths. Essential oil is included in preparations for inhalation for diseases of the respiratory tract, lungs, and colds, and is used for rubbing in for rheumatic and joint pain. Cedar pine oil is especially healing; it treats gastritis, stomach ulcers, and is used for allergic diseases, burns, frostbite, eczema, and psoriasis.
PYRAMIDS, BALLS AND EVEN PILLOWS
SCOTTS PINE OR FOREST PINE well known to everyone. This is a fast-growing large tree, reaching a height of 20-40 m. In youth, the crown is cone-shaped, then it becomes more rounded; the branches fan out, located around the trunk at the same level; the needles are dense, 4-7 cm long, there are 2 needles in a bunch.
This pine grows throughout Eurasia - from Western Europe to the Far East, reaching the polar zone in the north, and China and Mongolia in the south. It is not surprising that, adapting to such different growing conditions, it changes the height, shape and size of the crown, the structure of the trunk, the length of the needles, and the type of cones.
This conifer can live up to 200 and even 400 years, but reaches such a respectable age only under conditions that are favorable for it: good lighting, light sandy 
or sandy loam soils. Pine tolerates frost, excess and lack of moisture well, does not like polluted air and does not tolerate shading at all.
The decorative forms of this pine will delight you with a wide choice. If the site fits the definition of “estate”, you should take a closer look at the large pine trees. It looks like a column Fastigiata, reaching 15 m in height with a diameter of 2 m, grows slowly, the branches are pressed to the trunk, the needles are bluish-green. Glauka 10-15 m high, valued for its dense cone-shaped silver-blue crown. Norske Type with low-lying branches at a height of 8-12 m, it has a wide-conical bluish-green crown 6 m wide.
However, such giants, despite their undoubted decorative value, are hardly appropriate on our plots, mainly from 6 to 12 acres. And here is the pine Watereri with a dense rounded bluish crown will undoubtedly decorate any garden. It grows slowly and in maturity is a multi-stemmed tree with a maximum height of 4 m. It is curious that the first such pine was discovered by the famous botanist and breeder Anthony Waterer on an English estate in 1865 and until recently it continued to grow there. And all the plants of the Vatereri variety existing today are its descendants.
One of the best dwarf representatives - slow growing Globoza Viridis. In its youth, this pine looks like a ball, and as it matures it turns into a pyramid up to 2 m high. The branches are dense, reaching to the ground, the needles are dark green, very thick, “plush”. To prevent the crown from being damaged by the weight of snow in winter, it is recommended to build something like a frame over it.
Among varieties with unusually colored needles, it is valued Aurea, golden yellow in winter, yellow-green in spring and summer. Pine needles Gold Coin, Gold Medal, Candlelight attracts attention with the light yellow ends of young shoots. The crown of the Bonna variety is decorated with long bright blue needles, while the Argentea variety is decorated with silver-gray needles.
MOUNTAIN PINE
MOUNTAIN PINE grows in the highlands of Central and Southern Europe, choosing sun-exposed areas with sandy or rocky soil. There are also low trees, branching shrubs, and creeping ground cover plants. This pine has dark green needles and many cones, giving it a special elegance.
The most common varieties are mugus and pumilio. They have many decorative varieties, it is not difficult to buy seedlings, and the prices are quite reasonable. These pines grow well in our climate, are unpretentious, and do not suffer from drought. Their strong branches do not break from snowfalls, so they do not need to be tied for the winter. They are undemanding in terms of soil composition; they tolerate poor soils; they prefer a neutral or slightly alkaline pH reaction. Less than other species suffer from pests and diseases.
Pines mugus They are dense creeping shrubs up to 1.5 m high with long dark green needles (up to 12 cm). They are the most unpretentious and persistent, they can even grow in partial shade. Most of the long-needle varieties are derived from this form. On this basis the leader Varella, in addition, it has a compact rounded crown up to 1.5 m wide. The spherical Pug with very short branches is also interesting; by the age of 10, its dark crown with a greenish-blue tint does not exceed 0.5 m in diameter. Similar to a pillow Mini Pug(half a meter in height with a diameter of 1 m) grows very slowly, tolerates stagnant moisture and acidic soils. Hessian differs from this pine only in the size of its needles; the needles are slightly shorter, 7-8 cm long.
Pines pumilio- also shrubs, but their needles are short 2-3.5 cm, the shoots are prostrate, densely spaced, directed upward, the width of the bush exceeds its height. These pines are able to grow on dry and poor soils. Among the low varieties, the shade-tolerant Gnome, bred more than 100 years ago, is especially valued; its crown is a dark green ball with shine, growing up to 2 m in height and width, its branches are short. Twice as short as Kobold - a shrub up to 1 m tall with a wide spherical crown formed by thick, hard branches, green needles.
Hampi- a ball or widely spread bush 0.8-1 m high with a crown diameter of up to 1.5 m. It grows very slowly, 3-4 cm per year. Does not suffer from stagnant moisture and acidic soil.
Among the mountain pines there are also varieties with unusual crown colors. For example, in a short, unpretentious variety Winter Gold the needles are bright green in summer and yellow with a golden tint in winter.
BLACK PINE OR AUSTRIAN, found in the mountains of Europe from Austria to the Balkans. It is called black for the gray-black color of the bark, and Austrian for its place of growth. Usually settles on the southern slopes, rising into the mountains up to 1500 m. This spectacular tree resembles Scots pine, but differs in denser and fluffy needles of a dense green color. The needles are long, 7-14 cm, very beautiful cones, yellow-brown, shiny. large. This pine is undemanding to the composition and quality of the soil, but grows better on calcareous, well-drained soils. It is drought-resistant, loves good lighting, and tolerates shading better than other species.
The tall, slender Fastigiata with a narrow pyramidal crown has been a favorite of gardeners for a century and a half. The shoots are extended vertically upward, tightly adjacent to the trunk. It grows slowly, by the age of 15 it reaches 2 m in height and 0.6 m in diameter. Tolerates very low-fertility, moderately dry soils, as well as acidic and alkaline soils.
Low trees with a narrow pyramidal crown, twisted branches, bluish thick and long needles are represented by varieties Molette, Green Rocket, Obelisk. Frank, Green Tower.
The dwarf Nana has wide pyramids or balls 1.5-2 m high. The branches are spreading, ascending, the needles are dense, up to 10 cm long, very dark, growth is slow, 5 cm per year. This pine loves light, can even die in the shade, and does not like dry soil. Adult bushes are frost-resistant, but young ones sometimes freeze slightly in harsh winters. The crown has a regular oval shape Globoza, its height is 2 m, diameter 3 m. Spielberg's fluffy and dense ball grows slowly, at 10 years old its height is only 1 m, and does not suffer from frost. By the bush Pygmea very short and thick branches, this baby is only 0.3-0.5 m tall. And finally, wonderful Helga with a dense conical crown. Its numerous shoots are covered with small and long needles of a pleasant green color, and the young growths are creamy white. This pine prefers fresh loams, but also agrees to rocky soil.
WEYMOUTH PINE
WEYMOUTH PINE good too. This is a slender tree with a pyramidal crown, which seems light and openwork thanks to short branches extending horizontally from the trunk, and long, slightly hanging, thin needles, collected in bunches of 5 pieces, and not 2, like other pines. The needles are bluish-green, the cones are narrow, similar to spruce ones, but much larger, 15-20 cm long.
SIBERIAN PINE
SIBERIAN PINE- a long-liver of Siberian forests, belongs to the cedar pines. This group includes several species with soft needles, collected in bunches of 5 pieces, and large edible seeds-nuts.
In common parlance, Siberian pine is called Siberian cedar, which is incorrect from a botanical point of view. This is a mighty giant up to 40 m high, often with several tops, with a dense crown, the upper branches of which are raised, with dense dark green long needles and large cones called pine cones.
In nature, it prefers sandy and loamy soils, but is also found in rocky and peat bogs, where it has low-growing and almost creeping forms. Its age is long, 400 years is not the limit. It grows very slowly, so it will only be pampered with everyone’s favorite nuts after 50-60 years. The tree is very winter-hardy, even seedlings can withstand severe frosts. At a young age it is shade-tolerant, the older it gets, the more it wants light.
Now this pine tree is not at all difficult to purchase not only in Siberia, but also in the European part of the country; we sell seedlings over a year old, including those brought from taiga nurseries.
In this regard, we note that Siberian pine is the most vulnerable representative of conifers when transplanted. You need to buy plants in a container or specimens with big lump land properly prepared in advance for excavation. Plants with bare roots will inevitably have a dry root system and damaged mycorrhiza at the roots.
Siberian scientists have developed short and compact decorative varieties Siberian pine with various shapes crowns: pyramidal (Icarus), spherical (Ideal, Biosphere, Emerald), asymmetrical (Oligarch). Special nut-bearing varieties have also appeared (President. Recordist), which begin to bear fruit from the 3-5th year after grafting. All of them are capable of growing in our conditions, but are still very, very expensive.
Korean cedar pine (Korean cedar), or Manchurian, is common in the Far East, Korea, China, Japan, where it grows in mixed forests, less often on mountain slopes. This is a slender tree with a spreading, low-hanging crown, similar to the crown of Siberian pine, but more openwork. In nature it reaches a height of 35-45 m, in our conditions it grows no more than 7 m.
This pine has thick, outstretched branches, the needles are very beautiful - long, up to 20 cm, bright green with a bluish tint.
Fruits in gardens from 20-30 years; The cones are large, 17-20 cm long and up to 8 cm thick, the nuts are edible, with a durable thick skin. The growing conditions and growth rates of VjZe are the same as those of the Siberian variety, and winter hardiness is somewhat lower, but quite sufficient for cultivation in the Non-Black Earth Region.
Dwarf pine, or dwarf cedar, is another variety of cedar pines. It grows in the mountains from Siberia to Japan, its form is very variable. In the harsh conditions of the highlands, these are creeping, spreading shrubs no higher than 30 cm with flexible elastic branches that bend to the ground at low temperatures. As the snow melts, they straighten out, but the creeping shape is partially preserved. In areas with milder climates and in gardens, these are small trees 3-5 m high with curved trunks, similar to mountain pine.
The needles are fluffy, the length and color vary greatly among different specimens. The cones are very beautiful at the time of dusting: the male ones are bright red, the female ones have a purple tint. They are smaller in size than Siberian pine, the nuts themselves are smaller, but just as tasty and have a thin skin.
Dwarf dwarf is undemanding to living conditions and can grow on sand, rocky scree, and poor, heavy, peaty-podzolic soils. It grows slowly and takes up a lot of space - it has a shallow root system. The plant is light-loving and at the same time shade-tolerant, it is content with natural moisture, watering is required only during prolonged drought, it is reliably frost-resistant, and is not susceptible to serious diseases.
Among the few varietal forms, the most common on sale is Glauka, a prostrate wide shrub or small tree 1.5-3 m high with an irregularly shaped crown and intricately curved shoots; the needles are silvery-bluish, twisted.
DECORATIVE PINES - PLANTING AND CARE
A pine tree on your property is your friend for many decades. Therefore, the purchase of seedlings and the choice of planting site must be approached thoroughly. If preparatory work carried out, the plants were purchased in a safe place and planted on time, the pine trees will not cause much trouble, and positive emotions you are guaranteed.
IT'S MORE SAFE IN A CONTAINER
When choosing pine for the garden, you need to keep in mind that almost every variety has its own characteristics and preferences. Unfortunately, very often when choosing a plant, only its decorative properties are taken into account. So what should you pay attention to when purchasing pine?
1. Buy only if you are sure you can create fluffy beauty conditions necessary for normal growth and development.
2. It is better to purchase seedlings grown in local nurseries; they are more adapted to the climatic conditions of the region.
3. Preference should be given to container plants; they usually take root well, and they can be planted at any convenient time. They have a well-developed root system; mycorrhiza, which forms at the ends of the roots, is preserved intact, which helps the pine receive food and water even where there is little of it.
4. Seedlings in burlap, with a half-collapsed lump of earth, are always very weakened, their roots are dried out. The exception is mountain pine; it responds better than others to transplantation, so its specimens dug up with a clod of earth take root well.
5. The age of the plant is also important. The younger it is, the easier it is for it to adapt to the conditions of the site and develop an appropriate root system - superficial or deep. It is best to purchase 2-3 year old seedlings, but 4-5 year old ones also take root well.
HOW TO TRANSPLANT A PINE FROM THE FOREST?
If you want to transplant a pine tree from the forest to your plot, then it is better to take it from a sunny place, growing in a clearing or forest edge. Small plants 30-40 cm high are preferred.
The plant you like should be dug in a circle, as deep as possible, while trying not to break off the main tap root. Meter-long pines will also take root, but digging them out is much more difficult - the lump will be very heavy. The extracted plant is watered, the lump is tied with 2 layers of gauze (you can plant it with it, the fabric will quickly rot) and transported to the planting site.
If the soil from the roots has nevertheless crumbled, you can try to save the plant from drying out by dipping the exposed roots into a clay mash and treating it with root formation stimulants before planting. Unfortunately, such pines do not always take root; they may look good for a long time after planting, but death becomes obvious only the next year.
SUN, SPACE AND GOOD PIT
The best time for planting is considered to be the end of April - the beginning of May, when the ground has just thawed, but sap flow in the plants has not yet begun. If it didn’t work out in the spring, you will have to wait until the end of August, then the second wave of growth of the root system begins, and it can quickly recover in the remaining warm time. The planting must be completed by the end of September.
Pines vitally need sun and space. If several large trees are planted, the distance between them should be at least 4 m, and between cedar pines even greater, 6-10 m, the same amount should be retreated from the buildings. Low pines are placed closer, after 1.5-2 m.
If the soil on the site is suitable for growing the selected variety of pine, a hole is dug based on the size of the root system, adding 15-20 cm to its width and 20-30 cm to its length. The plant in the container is carefully removed without destroying the earthen ball. Place in a hole without deepening the root collar. Free space filled with fertile soil.
If the soil is completely unsuitable, dig meter-long holes and replace the soil. A large hole is prepared in advance so that the earth has time to settle. On heavy soil, make a drainage of 20 cm from broken brick, expanded clay or crushed stone, and pour a layer of coarse sand on top. Then fill 2/3 with a mixture of turf soil, sand (or clay - depending on the composition of the soil), peat in a ratio of 3:1:1. The planting mixture should not be rich in organic matter, but light, water- and breathable.
Since most types of pine prefer neutral and slightly alkaline soils, on sandy soil, 200-300 g of lime are poured into the bottom of the hole, or even better, dolomite flour, which contains not only calcium, but also magnesium, which these plants need. Fill with a bucket of humus with 30-50 g/m 2 potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.
Having filled the hole with a mixture made up depending on the structure of the soil, pour it heavily with water, creating a “swamp”, or water it in several stages. When the water is absorbed, place the seedling, cover it with soil, knead it down so that there are no voids, and water it again abundantly. Circular sides are made from turf to prevent water from spreading when watering.
If you need to replant a pine tree, the plant should be prepared for this in advance. To form a dense root ball, repeatedly, preferably 4 times per season, dig around the circumference of the crown, cutting off the root system with a sharp shovel.
When replanting in autumn, work begins in the spring, for replanting in spring - in the summer of the previous year. This is exactly how they work with seedlings in nurseries.
BABIES UNDER CONTROL
The first two to three years after planting, while the seedlings are still weakened, they require increased attention. Mature plants require virtually no care.
Newly planted pine trees are watered once a week. It is useful to arrange a shower by pouring water over the crown from a watering can with a nozzle. Mulch made from wood chips, peat chips, sawdust or pine bark will help retain moisture, increase soil temperature, and enrich it with nutrients.
In hot weather, it is necessary to shade the seedlings on the south side with covering material, paper, and the shelter should be well ventilated. Anti-stress drugs, immunomodulators, growth activators: epin, zircon, cytovit, etc. will help plants survive planting stress safely and quickly settle into a new place.
When preparing a plant for winter, especially if it was planted late, the root system should be insulated. To do this, pour a 10 cm layer of peat around the plant, cover it with spruce branches on top, non-woven material or they put special covers on the frame so that the needles do not suffer from burns in the spring sun. Polyethylene and dense material cannot be used, because the plants will rot under them. When the pines are fully established, they will no longer need shelter.
It’s not too late to protect the needles from burning with a screen even in February, before the sun begins to noticeably warm up. There will be a good result if in early spring pour generously in several steps trunk circle warm water, then the earth will thaw sooner and the roots will start working faster, supplying the plant with moisture and nutrition.
FOR EVERYONE - ACCORDING TO NEEDS
As pines grow, their need for moisture changes. While they are taking root, they have to be watered during severe drought, spending from 3 to 5 buckets of water per plant. It is necessary to pour not at the root, but in a circle, at a distance of 20-30 cm from the trunk. Well water is allowed to warm up to 15 degrees in the sun. Mature pines are quite capable of providing themselves with moisture. However, rinsing the crown with sprinkling is useful at any age; it is carried out as often as possible, after sunset or early in the morning.
Large-sized plants - plants more than 2 m high and over 5 years old - are planted from November to March. It is advisable to do this with the involvement of specialists and special equipment, having precisely determined the planting location, because it is almost impossible to replant a grown pine tree again. After planting a large tree, the root collar should be raised above ground level by 10 cm, then it will deepen itself as the soil shrinks.
Pines, like other conifers, consume little nutrients and do not need abundant fertilizing. Fertilize with special care. dwarf varieties, when overfed they lose their main advantages: size and shape.
Young plants are fed for the first 2-3 years after planting. Fertilizers are applied in April, as soon as active sap flow begins. You can divide the portion in half and add the second part at the beginning of summer. For feeding, special fertilizers for conifers are used, including the microelements they need, or complex minerals. They can be either liquid or granular. Liquids are absorbed faster; after preparing the solution, it is poured into the grooves along the perimeter of the crown; granular ones are scattered over the surface and embedded in the soil.
good organic fertilizer for young pines, rotted compost is considered, which is poured into the tree trunk circle in a layer of 5-10 cm with shallow loosening of the soil. For adult plants, the organic matter accumulated in the coniferous litter at the roots is sufficient.
The tree trunk circle must be kept clean from weeds - carriers of diseases that provide shelter for pests. This is where mulching comes to the rescue again.
During the season, it is advisable to comb out dead needles from decorative forms, especially if there are signs of fungal diseases. To do this, it is convenient to use a small fan rake; the collected needles are shaken off onto some litter under the tree and then burned.
At the end of winter - beginning of spring, sanitary pruning is carried out, cutting out branches with signs of disease, broken, dry, into rings. When it becomes necessary to remove living branches, for example, to thin out the crown so that the sun's rays get inside, you can cut them out almost all year round, but little by little, no more than two per season, and it is better if these are 1-2-year-old shoots.
Manure and infusions of green weeds cannot be used as top dressing, especially in the fall, as they are rich in nitrogen, which causes rapid growth of young shoots that freeze in winter.
DO YOU NEED JAPANESE IN THE GARDEN?
As for the crown shape, the recommendations are ambiguous. You can let them grow freely, as in nature, but since pine trees are very plastic, there is often a desire to radically change them appearance, for example forming in Japanese style nivaki, often called garden bonsai. But before you take on such work, you need to think about whether it’s worth starting at all?
Today there are many different varieties on sale, among them it is not difficult to choose one that will correspond to your ideas about beauty. The formation of a garden bonsai is painstaking, requires a lot of time, effort and only increases in volume as the object grows; correcting mistakes is difficult and sometimes impossible. In the process of long-term work, some shoots are cut off completely, others are shortened to different heights, individual branches are removed or specially stretched so that they take a new position.
It is easier to simply form a neat, dense crown, keeping the growth of the pine tree at the required size. To turn the most stunted, invisible seedlings into fluffy compact trees, you should pinch the growing shoots once a year - shortening their tops stimulates the growth of lateral branches. This should be done at the end of spring, when the buds laid last year are rapidly growing and new shoots are formed from them. At the moment when they are resinous “candles”, that is, they have finished growing, but have not yet had time to form needles, the tips of the young shoots are pinched to the desired length. After shortening, the wound is quickly covered with resin, and the branch stops growing for a year.
However, remember that if less than a third of the shoot is removed, growth is not inhibited as much as with greater shortening. However, by sharply slowing down growth, there is a risk of getting a prickly ball at the stump site. Therefore, it is better to start from the very simple options: shortening the shoots by the same amount, say, by a third or half the length. You can not let the shoot grow at all, but break out unnecessary buds in early spring, before they begin to grow.
Sometimes you can’t do without shaping at all; for example, in elfin trees, pinching young growths is necessary to maintain the shape of the crown even in varietal plants. Sometimes pinching helps achieve purely practical goals, for example, in the Pyramidalis pine, short and strong branches are formed in this way so that the crown does not fall apart under the weight of snow.
