Before installing and assembling any fire extinguishing equipment, its placement diagram is pre-designed by a specialist. This also applies to gas fire extinguishing. Competently and correctly carried out work on drawing up a project for a gas fire extinguishing system will allow you to avoid many problems with the subsequent reinstallation of the complex, emergency situations and other troubles.
How gas fire extinguishing is designed - general provisions and principles
Drawing up a project begins with studying the initial data on the object of protection. The specialist takes into account such parameters as:
- dimensions of the premises;
- location of floors, their design;
- accommodation engineering communications;
- the presence and size (area) of openings in enclosing structures that are constantly open;
- values of maximum permissible pressure in premises;
- microclimatic parameters of the premises where the components of the AUGP will be located;
- fire hazard of premises, fire class according to Gosstandart for substances and materials stored there;
- features (if any) of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) system;
- availability and characteristics technological equipment indoors;
- the number of people constantly present in the premises;
- features of evacuation routes and exits.
The amount of data that needs to be known and taken into account when designing is significant. Based on the collected information, the designer calculates the gas fire extinguishing system.
As a result, the AUGP parameters suitable for a specific object will be selected:
- required amount of gas fire extinguishing agent;
- optimal duration of GFFS supply;
- required diameter of pipelines, type and number of nozzles for installation;
- maximum excess pressure when supplying fire extinguishing agent;
- number of backup modules (cylinders) with GFFS;
- type and number of fire detectors (sensors).
The design of gas PT installations is carried out on the basis of fire safety standards (NPB No. 22-96).
Stages of designing gas fire extinguishing at facilities
Any gas fire extinguishing project begins with receiving an assignment from the customer to perform the work, and then collecting and analyzing data on the facility.
The further plan of action is approximately the following:
- Determination of the type of AUGP (modular, mobile, stationary).
- Engineering calculations.
- Development and execution of drawings for a gas fire extinguishing installation project.
- Drawing up specifications for materials and equipment.
- Development of specific tasks for further installation of AUGP.
According to current standards, when designing an AUGP, some nuances must be taken into account:
- organization of openings for dumping overpressure;
- integration of gas fire extinguishing with other building systems;
- planning effective gas removal from premises after using AUGP, etc.
Calculations require special knowledge from the designer, permission and license to carry out this type of work.
We are ready to provide all this, as well as installation and further maintenance of gas fire extinguishing systems to our clients.
Gas fire extinguishing is the most effective and, in many cases, no alternative way to automatically extinguish a fire (fire). Gas extinguishing agents have been used in fire extinguishing systems for many years - in Europe they began to be widely used back in the 1950s. Gas has many advantages - it is most often harmless to environment a substance that effectively extinguishes fire and does not harm property and interiors.
Modern systems gas fire extinguishing systems are truly unique. If a few years ago we knew only about a few varieties, then today new generations of gas fire extinguishing agents used in systems automatic fire extinguishing, allow us to speak of ourselves as absolutely safe, environmentally friendly products that quickly evaporate from the atmosphere.
The scope of application of gas fire extinguishing systems is wide - they are used wherever the use of water, powder or foam is undesirable or impossible - at facilities where there is a lot of electronic computing equipment (server rooms, computer centers, hardware rooms), where even a short-term power outage can lead to extremely serious consequences (for example, in aircraft and on ships), as well as in premises where securities or works of art - archives, libraries, museums, art galleries.
Cost of gas fire extinguishing design
List of design works
Choosing a specialist
Usage the latest systems gas fire extinguishing requires a number of preparatory and design work, on which the flawless operation of the entire automatic fire extinguishing system as a whole largely depends.
The design of gas fire extinguishing must be carried out by specialists, since all calculations are made in accordance with the rules established by law. The design of gas fire extinguishing systems is based on the analysis of several parameters: the number of rooms, their size, as well as the presence of suspended ceilings and partitions, area doorways, temperature regime at the site, indoor air humidity, presence and working hours of personnel.
Based on these data, the required number of modules/reservoirs with gas, the diameter of the pipelines through which gas will be supplied to the source of fire, as well as the number and size of holes in the nozzles spraying gas are calculated.
Equipment selection
Advanced technologies and advanced developments of the 3M company have made it possible to create an absolutely safe, environmentally friendly product of a new generation - the gas substance Novec 1230. It contains components that do not cause corrosion and have excellent dielectric properties.
The gaseous substance is not absorbed into surfaces sensitive to humidity, evaporates quickly, as a result of which no damage is caused to valuable property, for example, when extinguishing a fire, archival materials, electrical equipment, computers, and art objects are not damaged by the gaseous substance Novec 1230 used for fire extinguishing.
A mandatory requirement of the current standards is to carry out calculations of the need to organize openings to relieve excess pressure, integrate the AUGPT into the building, and organize gas and smoke removal from the protected premises after extinguishing the fire. All these complex calculations are carried out using approved methods and require special engineering knowledge.
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
STATE FIRE SERVICE
FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS
AUTOMATIC GAS FIRE FIGHTING UNITS
STANDARDS AND RULES FOR DESIGN AND APPLICATION
NPB 22-96
MOSCOW 1997
Developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense (VNIIPO) of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Introduced and prepared for approval by the regulatory and technical department of the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service (GUGPS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Approved by the Chief State Inspector Russian Federation on fire supervision.
Agreed with the Ministry of Construction of Russia (letter No. 13-691 dated December 19, 1996).
Put into effect by order of the Main Directorate for State Traffic Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 31, 1996 No. 62.
Centralized automatic gas fire extinguishing installation
Modular automatic gas fire extinguishing installation
Gas fire extinguishing battery
Gas fire extinguishing module
Gas fire extinguishing agent (GOS)
Device for release and distribution of GOS in a protected area
Inertia of AUGP
Time from the moment the signal to start the AUGP is generated until the start of the expiration of the GOS from the nozzle into the protected room, without taking into account the delay time
Duration (time) of filing the state statement t under, with
Time from the beginning of the outflow of GOS from the nozzle until the estimated mass of GOS required to extinguish a fire in the protected area is released from the installation
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration CH,% vol.
The product of the minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of GOS by the safety factor equal to 1.2
Standard mass fire extinguishing concentration q N, kg × m -3
The product of the standard volume concentration of GOS by the density of GOS in the gas phase at a temperature of 20 ° C and pressure 0.1 MPa
Room leakage parameter
d= SF H /V P , m -1
A value characterizing the leakage of the protected premises and representing the ratio of the total area of constantly open openings to the volume of the protected premises
Degree of leakage, %
The ratio of the area of permanently open openings to the area of enclosing structures
Maximum excess pressure in the room R m, MPa
The maximum value of pressure in the protected room when the calculated amount of GOS is released into it
State State Standards Reserve
GOST 12.3.046-91
GOS stock
GOST 12.3.046-91
Maximum jet size GOS
The distance from the nozzle to the section where the speed gas-air mixture is at least 1.0 m/s
Local, start (switch on)
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1. The equipment of buildings, structures and premises of the AUGP must be carried out in accordance with the design documentation developed and approved in accordance with SNiP 11-01-95.
Type, size and distribution scheme of the brewing load;
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of GOS;
Availability and characteristics of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating systems;
Characteristics and arrangement of technological equipment;
Category of premises according to NPB 105-95 and zone classes according to PUE -85;
The presence of people and their evacuation routes.
5.1.5. Calculation of AUGP includes:
Determination of the estimated mass of GOS required to extinguish the fire;
Determination of the duration of filing the state statement;
Determination of the diameter of the installation pipelines, type and number of nozzles;
Determination of the maximum excess pressure when supplying GOS;
Determination of the required reserve of GOS and batteries (modules) for centralized installations or reserve of GOS and modules for modular installations;
Type definition and required quantity fire detectors or alarm sprinklers.
Note. Method for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for installation low pressure with carbon dioxide is given in the recommended appendix. For installation high pressure with carbon dioxide and other gases, calculations are made according to methods agreed upon in the prescribed manner.
5.1.6. AUGP must ensure the supply of no less than the calculated mass of GOS intended for fire extinguishing to the protected premises for the time specified in paragraph of the mandatory appendix.
5.1.7. AUGP must ensure a delay in the release of state emergency regulations for the time necessary for the evacuation of people after the application of light and sound notification, stopping ventilation equipment, closing air dampers, fire dampers, etc., but not less than 10 s. The required evacuation time is determined according to GOST 12.1.004.
If the required evacuation time does not exceed 30 s, and the time to stop ventilation equipment, close air dampers, fire dampers, etc. Exceeds 30 s, then the mass of the GOS should be calculated based on the condition of ventilation and (or) leakage available at the time of release of the GOS.
5.1.8. The equipment and length of pipelines must be selected based on the condition that the inertia of the AUGP operation should not exceed 15 s.
5.1.9. The AUGP distribution pipeline system, as a rule, should be symmetrical.
5.1.10. AUGP pipelines in fire hazardous areas should be made of metal pipes. To connect the modules to the collector or main pipeline, it is allowed to use high-pressure hoses.
The nominal diameter of incentive pipelines with sprinklers should be taken equal to 15 mm.
5.1.11. The connection of pipelines in fire extinguishing installations should, as a rule, be carried out by welding or threaded connections.
5.1.12. Pipelines and their connections in AUGP must ensure strength at a pressure of 1.25 R RAB, and tightness at a pressure equal to R RAB.
5.1.13. According to the method of storing gas fire extinguishing composition, AUGPs are divided into centralized and modular.
5.1.14. AUGP equipment with centralized storage of GOS should be located in fire extinguishing stations.
The premises of fire extinguishing stations must be separated from other premises by fire partitions of the 1st type and ceilings of the 3rd type.
Fire extinguishing station premises, as a rule, must be located in the basement or on the first floor of buildings. It is allowed to place a fire extinguishing station above the first floor, while the lifting and transport devices of buildings and structures must ensure the possibility of delivering equipment to the installation site and carrying out operational work. The exit from the station should be provided outside, to a staircase that has access to the outside, to the lobby or to the corridor, provided that the distance from the station exit to staircase does not exceed 25 m and there are no exits to rooms of categories A, B and C into this corridor, with the exception of rooms equipped automatic installations fire extinguishing
Note. An isothermal container for storing GOS can be installed outdoors with a canopy for protection from precipitation and solar radiation with mesh fencing around the perimeter of the site.
5.1.15. The premises of fire extinguishing stations must be at least 2.5 m high for installations with cylinders. Minimum height premises when using an isothermal container is determined by the height of the container itself, taking into account the distance from it to the ceiling of at least 1 m.
The premises should have a temperature from 5 to 35 °C, relative air humidity no more than 80% at 25 °C, illumination - at least 100 lux at fluorescent lamps or at least 75 lux with incandescent lamps.
Emergency lighting must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23.05.07-85.
Station premises must be equipped supply and exhaust ventilation with at least two air exchanges for 1 hour.
Stations must be equipped with a telephone connection to the premises of duty personnel who are on duty around the clock.
At the entrance to the station premises there should be a light board"Fire extinguishing station."
5.1.16. The equipment of modular gas fire extinguishing installations can be located both inside the protected premises and outside it, in close proximity to it.
5.1.17. The placement of local starting devices for modules, batteries and distribution devices should be at a height of no more than 1.7 m from the floor.
5.1.18. The placement of centralized and modular AUGP equipment should ensure the possibility of its maintenance.
5.1.19. The choice of nozzle type is determined by their performance characteristics for a specific GOS specified in the technical documentation for the nozzles.
5.1.20. The nozzles must be placed in the protected room in such a way as to ensure that the concentration of GOS throughout the entire volume of the room is not lower than the standard.
5.1.21. The difference in flow rates between the two outer nozzles on one distribution pipeline should not exceed 20%.
5.1.22. The AUGP must be equipped with devices that eliminate the possibility of nozzles becoming clogged when releasing GOS.
5.1.23. Only one type of nozzle should be used in one room.
5.1.24. When nozzles are located in areas of possible mechanical damage, they must be protected.
5.1.25. Painting of installation components, including pipelines, must comply with GOST 12.4.026 and industry standards.
Pipelines of installations and modules located in rooms that have special aesthetic requirements can be painted in accordance with these requirements.
5.1.26. All external surfaces of pipelines must be painted with protective paint in accordance with GOST 9.032 and GOST 14202.
5.1.27. Equipment, products and materials used in AUGP must have documents certifying their quality and comply with the conditions of use and project specifications.
5.1.28. AUGP of the centralized type, in addition to the calculated one, must have a 100% reserve of gas fire extinguishing agent. Batteries (modules) for storing the main and backup fire extinguishing agents must have cylinders of the same size and be filled with the same amount of gas fire extinguishing agent.
5.1.29. Modular-type AUGPs that have gas fire extinguishing modules of the same standard size at the facility must have a supply of GOS based on 100% replacement in the installation protecting the room of the largest volume.
If at one facility there are several modular installations with modules of different standard sizes, then the GOS reserve should ensure the restoration of the functionality of the installations that protect the premises of the largest volume with modules of each standard size.
The GOS stock must be stored in the facility's warehouse.
5.1.30. If it is necessary to test the AUGP, the supply of GOS for carrying out these tests is taken from the condition of protecting the premises of the smallest volume, unless there are other requirements.
5.1.31. Equipment used for AUGP must have a service life of at least 10 years.
5.2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AUGP ELECTRICAL CONTROL, CONTROL, SIGNALING AND POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
5.2.1. AUGP electrical controls must provide:
Automatic start of the installation;
Disabling and restoring automatic start mode;
Automatic switching of the power supply from the main source to the backup one when the voltage on the main source is turned off, followed by switching to the main power source when the voltage on it is restored;
Remote start of the installation;
Disabling the sound alarm;
Delaying the release of state emergency equipment for the time necessary to evacuate people from the premises, turn off ventilation, etc., but not less than 10 s;
Formation of a command pulse at the outputs of electrical equipment for use in control systems for process and electrical equipment of a facility, fire warning systems, smoke removal, air pressurization, as well as for turning off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating;
Automatic or manual shutdown of sound and light alarms about fire, operation and malfunction of the installation.
Notes: 1. Local start-up must be excluded or blocked in modular installations in which gas fire extinguishing modules are located inside the protected premises.
2. For centralized installations and modular installations with modules located outside the protected area, the modules (batteries) must have a local start.
3. If there is a closed system that serves only a given room, it is allowed not to turn off the ventilation, air conditioning, and air heating after supplying the GOS to it.
5.2.2. The formation of a command pulse for the automatic start of a gas fire extinguishing installation must be carried out from two automatic fire detectors in the same or different loops, from two electrical contact pressure gauges, two pressure alarms, two process sensors or other devices.
5.2.3. Remote start devices should be placed at emergency exits outside the protected room or the room that includes the protected channel, underground, space behind suspended ceiling.
It is allowed to place remote start devices in the premises of duty personnel with mandatory indication of the operating mode of the AUGP.
5.2.4. Remote start devices for installations must be protected in accordance with GOST 12.4.009.
5.2.5. AUGP protecting premises in which people are present must have automatic start shutdown devices in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.009.
5.2.6. When opening the doors to the protected premises, the AUGP must ensure blocking of the automatic start of the installation with an indication of the blocked state according to clause.
5.2.7. Devices for restoring the automatic start-up mode of the AUGP should be placed in the premises of the duty personnel. If there is protection against unauthorized access to devices for restoring the automatic start mode of the AUGP, these devices can be placed at the entrances to the protected premises.
5.2.8. AUGP equipment must provide automatic control of:
Loop integrity fire alarm along their entire length;
Integrity of electrical starting circuits (for open circuit);
Air pressure in the incentive network, starting cylinders;
Light and sound alarm (automatically or by call).
5.2.9. If there are several directions of GOS supply, batteries (modules) and switchgear installed in the fire extinguishing station must have signs indicating the protected room (direction).
5.2.10. In rooms protected by volumetric gas fire extinguishing installations and in front of their entrances, an alarm system must be provided in accordance with GOST 12.4.009.
Adjacent rooms that have access only through the protected rooms, as well as rooms with protected channels, underground spaces and spaces behind the suspended ceiling must be equipped with similar alarms. In this case, the light display “Gas - leave!”, “Gas - do not enter” and the warning sound alarm device are installed common for the protected room and protected spaces (channels, underground, behind the suspended ceiling) of this room, and when protecting only the specified spaces - common for these spaces.
Availability of voltage at the inputs of working and backup power supplies;
Broken electrical circuits of squibs or electromagnets;
Pressure drop in incentive pipelines by 0.05 MPa and launch cylinders by 0.2 MPa with decoding in directions;
Triggering of AUGP with decoding in directions.
5.2.13. In a fire station or other room with personnel on duty 24 hours a day, light and sound alarm:
About the occurrence of a fire with decoding by directions;
About the activation of the AUGP, with a decoding of the directions and the arrival of the GOS into the protected premises;
About the disappearance of voltage from the main power source;
About the malfunction of the AUGP with decoding in directions.
5.2.14. In AUGP, sound signals about fire and installation activation must differ in tone from signals about a malfunction.
About the operating mode of the AUGP;
Disabling the sound fire alarm;
Disabling the audible fault alarm;
About the presence of voltage on the main and backup power supplies.
5.2.16. AUGP must belong to electricity consumers of the 1st category of power supply reliability according to PUE -85.
5.2.17. In the absence of a backup input, it is allowed to use autonomous power sources that ensure the operation of the AUGP for at least 24 hours in standby mode and for at least 30 minutes in fire or malfunction mode.
5.2.18. Protection of electrical circuits must be carried out in accordance with PUE -85.
It is not allowed to install thermal and maximum protection in control circuits, the disconnection of which may lead to a failure in the supply of GOS to the protected premises.
5.2.19. Grounding and grounding of AUGP equipment must be carried out in accordance with PUE -85 and the requirements of technical documentation for the equipment.
5.2.20. The selection of wires and cables, as well as methods of laying them, should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of PUE -85, SNiP 3.05.06-85, SNiP 2.04.09-84 and in accordance with the technical characteristics of cable and wire products.
5.2.21. The placement of fire detectors inside the protected premises should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84 or another regulatory document replacing it.
5.2.22. Fire station premises or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty must comply with the requirements of section 4 of SNiP 2.04.09-84.
5.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED PREMISES
5.3.1. Premises equipped with AUGP must be equipped with signs in accordance with paragraphs. And .
5.3.2. Volumes, areas, flammable load, the presence and dimensions of open openings in protected premises must correspond to the design and must be monitored upon commissioning of the AUGP.
5.3.3. The leakage of premises equipped with AUGP should not exceed the values specified in paragraph. Measures must be taken to eliminate technologically unjustified openings, door closers, etc. must be installed. Premises, if necessary, must have pressure relief devices.
5.3.4. In air duct systems for general ventilation, air heating and air conditioning of protected premises, air seals or fire dampers should be provided.
5.3.5. To remove GOS after the end of the AUGP operation, it is necessary to use general exchange ventilation of buildings, structures and premises. It is allowed to provide mobile ventilation units for this purpose.
5.4. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
5.4.1. Design, installation, commissioning, acceptance and operation of AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of safety measures set out in:
- "Device rules and safe operation pressure vessels";
- “Rules for technical operation of consumer electrical installations”;
- “Safety rules for the operation of electrical installations of Gosenergonadzor consumers”;
- "Unified safety rules for blasting operations (when used in squib installations");
These Standards;
Current regulatory and technical documentation, approved in accordance with the established procedure insofar as it relates to AUGP.
5.4.2. Local start-up devices for installations must be fenced and sealed, with the exception of local start-up devices installed in the premises of a fire extinguishing station or fire posts.
5.4.3. Entering the protected premises after the release of state protection equipment and extinguishing the fire until the end of ventilation is permitted only in insulating respiratory protective equipment.
5.4.4. Entry into the premises without insulating respiratory protection is permitted only after combustion products and decomposition of the GOS have been removed to a safe level.
ANNEX 1
Mandatory
Methodology for calculating AUGP parameters when extinguishing by volumetric method
1. Weight of gas fire extinguishing agent (Mg), which should be stored in the AUGP is determined by the formula
1.1. The coefficients of equation () are determined as follows.
1.1.1. Coefficient taking into account leakage of gas fire extinguishing agent from vessels through leaks in shut-off valves and uneven distribution of the gas fire extinguishing composition throughout the volume of the protected premises:
K 1= 1,05.
1.1.2. Coefficient taking into account the loss of gas fire extinguishing agent due to room leaks:
K 2 = 1,5 × F(Sn,g ) × d × t UNDER × , (6)
Where F(Sn, g ) - functional coefficient depending on the standard volume concentration C N and the ratio of molecular masses of air and gas fire extinguishing composition;g = t V /t GOS, m 0.5× c -1 , is the ratio of the molecular masses of air and GOS;d = S F H/ V P- room leakage parameter, m -1;S F H- total area of leakage, m2; N - room height, m.
Coefficient F(Sn, g ) determined by the formula
F(Sn, y) = 
(7)
where = 0,01 × S N / g - relative mass concentration of GOS.
Numerical coefficient values F(Sn, g ) are given in the reference appendix.
t UNDER£ 10 s for modular AUGPs using freons and sulfur hexafluoride as GOS;
t UNDER£ 15 s for centralized AUGPs using freons and sulfur hexafluoride as GOS;
t UNDER£ 60 s for AUGPs using carbon dioxide as a GOS.
3. The mass of a gas fire extinguishing agent intended for extinguishing a fire in a room during operation forced ventilation:
for refrigerants and sulfur hexafluoride
Mg = K 1 × r 1 × ( VR+ Q × t UNDER ) × [ CH/(100 - CH) ] (8)
for carbon dioxide
Mg = K 1 × r 1 × (Q × t UNDER + VR)× ln [ 100/100 - CH ) ] (9)
where Q - volumetric flow rate of air removed by ventilation from the room, m 3× s -1 .
4. Maximum overpressure when feeding gas compositions with room leakage:
< Mg /(t UNDER × j× ) (10)
Where j= 42 kg× m -2× C -1× (% vol.) -0.5determined by the formula:
RT = [СН/(100 - СН) ] × Ra or RT = Ra + D RT,(11)
and with room leaks:
³ Mg/(t UNDER × j× ) (12)
determined by the formula
(13)
5. The release time of the GOS depends on the pressure in the cylinder, the type of GOS, the geometric dimensions of the pipelines and nozzles. The release time is determined when performing hydraulic calculations of the installation and should not exceed the value specified in paragraph. applications.
APPENDIX 2
Mandatory
Table 1
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 125 (C 2 F 5H) at t= 20 ° C and R= 0.1 MPa
|
GOST, TU, OST |
Sn |
||
|
volume,% vol. |
Mass, kg × m -3 |
||
|
GOST 18300-72 |
|||
|
GOST 25823-83 |
|||
|
Vacuum oil |
|||
|
Cotton fabric |
|||
|
Organoplastic TOPS-Z |
|||
|
Textolite B |
GOST 2910-67 |
||
|
Rubber IRP-1118 |
TU 38-005924-73 |
||
|
Nylon fabric P-56P |
TU 17-04-9-78 |
||
table 2
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SP 6) at t = 20 ° C and P = 0.1 MPa
|
Name of combustible material |
GOST, TU, OST |
Standard fire extinguishing concentration Sn |
|
|
volume,% vol. |
mass, kg × m -3 |
||
|
Transformer oil |
|||
|
GOST 18300-72 |
|||
|
TU 38-005924-73 |
|||
|
Rubber IRP-1118 |
|||
|
Cotton fabric |
GOST 2910-67 |
||
|
Textolite B |
OST 81-92-74 |
||
|
Pulp (paper, wood) |
|||
Table 3
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) at t= 20 °C and P = 0.1 MPa
|
Name of combustible material |
GOST, TU, OST |
Standard fire extinguishing concentration Sn |
|
|
volume,% vol. |
Mass, kg × m -3 |
||
|
GOST 18300-72 |
|||
|
Rubber IRP-1118 |
TU 38-005924-73 |
||
|
Cotton fabric |
|||
|
Textolite B |
GOST 2910-67 |
||
|
Pulp (paper, wood) |
OST 81-92-74 |
||
Table 4
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 318C (C 4F 8 C) at t = 20 ° WITH And P = 0.1 MPa
|
Name of combustible material |
GOST, TU, OST |
Standard fire extinguishing concentration Sn |
|||||||
|
volume,% vol. |
mass, kg × m -3 |
||||||||
|
GOST 25823-83 |
|||||||||
|
Rubber IRP-1118 |
|||||||||
|
Pulp (paper, wood) |
|||||||||
|
Getinax |
|||||||||
|
Expanded polystyrene |
|||||||||
|
Factor k 4 |
|||||||||
4. Average pressure in the main pipeline at the point of its entry into the protected room
r z (r 4) = 2 + 0,568 × 1p , (4)
Where l 2 - equivalent length of pipelines from the isothermal tank to the point at which the pressure is determined, m:
l 2 = l 1 + 69 × d i 1.25× e 1 , (5)
Where e 1 - the sum of the resistance coefficients of pipeline fittings.
5. Medium pressure
r t = 0,5 × (r z + p 4), (6)
Where r z - pressure at the point of entry of the main pipeline into the protected room, MPa; p 4 - pressure at the end of the main pipeline, MPa.
6. Average flow rate through nozzles Q T,kg/s, determined by the formula
Q¢
T =
4,1
×
10 -3
×
m×
k 5
×
A 3 
,
(7)
Where m- coefficient of flow through the nozzles; and 3 - nozzle outlet area, m;k 5 - coefficient determined by the formula
k 5 = 0,93 + 0,3/(1,025 - 0,5 × R¢ T) . (8)
7. The number of nozzles is determined by the formula
x 1 = QT/Q¢ T.
8. Inner diameter of distribution pipeline ( d¢ i, m, calculated from the condition
d¢ I³ 1,4 × dÖ x 1 , (9)
Where d- nozzle outlet diameter.
Note. Relative mass carbon dioxide t 4 determined by the formula t 4 = (t 5 - t)/t 5, Where t 5 - initial mass of carbon dioxide, kg.
APPENDIX 5
Information
Table 1
Basic thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of freon 125 (C 2 F 5 N), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), carbon dioxide (CO 2) and freon 318C (C 4F 8 C)
|
Name |
Unit |
C 2F 5 N |
C 4F 8 C |
||
|
Molecular mass |
|||||
|
Vapor density at R= 1 atm and t = 20 ° WITH |
kg × m -3 |
||||
|
Boiling point at 0.1 MPa |
° WITH |
||||
|
Melting temperature |
° WITH |
||||
|
Critical temperature |
° WITH |
||||
|
Critical pressure |
|||||
|
Liquid density at R cr And t cr |
kg × t -3 |
||||
|
Specific heat capacity of liquid |
kJ × kg -1 × ° C -1 |
||||
|
kcal × kg -1 × ° C -1 |
|||||
|
Specific heat capacity of gas at R= 1 atm and t= 25 ° WITH |
kJ × kg -1 × ° C -1 |
||||
|
kcal × kg -1 × ° C -1 |
|||||
|
Latent heat of vaporization |
kJ × kg |
||||
|
kcal × kg |
|||||
|
Gas thermal conductivity coefficient |
W × m -1 × ° C -1 |
||||
|
kcal × m -1 × s -1 × ° C -1 |
1,56 × 10 -5 |
2,78 × 10 -5 |
3,35 × 10 6 |
2,78 × 10 6 |
|
|
Dynamic gas viscosity |
kg × m -1 × s -1 |
1,55 × 10 -5 |
|||
|
Relative dielectric constant at R= 1 atm and t = 25 ° WITH |
e × (e hs) -1 |
||||
|
Partial vapor pressure at t = 20 ° WITH |
|||||
|
Breakdown voltage of GOS vapor relative to nitrogen gas |
IN× (INN2) -1 |
table 2
Correction factor, taking into account the height of the protected object relative to sea level
|
Height, m |
Correction factor K 3 |
Table 3
F(Sn,g) for freon 318C (C 4F 8 C)
|
Sn, % about. |
Functional coefficient F(Sn,g) |
Volume concentration of freon 318C Сн, % about. |
Functional coefficient F(Sn,g) |
Table 4
Functional coefficient value F(Sn,g) for freon 125 (C 2F 5 N)
|
CH,% vol. |
Functional coefficient (Sn,g) |
Freon volume concentration 125 CH,% vol. |
Functional coefficient (Sn,g) |
Table 5
Functional coefficient values F(Sn,g) for carbon dioxide (CO 2)
|
(CO 2) Сн,% about. |
Functional coefficient (Sn,g) |
Volume concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) Сн, % about. |
Functional coefficient (Sn,g) |
Table 6
Functional coefficient values F(Sn,g) for sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6)
|
(SF 6) Сн, % about. |
Functional coefficient F(Sn,g) |
Volume concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) Сн, % about. |
Functional coefficient F(Sn,g) |
Fire protection of buildings and structures is becoming more and more relevant every year. Requirements are gradually being improved and tightened regulatory documentation, creating all conditions for timely information and effective protection people and material assets in case of fire. Entire complexes are implemented for each object fire protection systems, one of which is a gas fire extinguishing system. In this article we will look at the scope of application, advantages and disadvantages, basic operating principles and design features of gas fire extinguishing systems.
Scope of gas fire extinguishing
Although gas fire extinguishing systems are not very common, in some cases you simply cannot do without them. Among such objects are premises for storing material and artistic values, archives, libraries, computer rooms, server rooms, etc. This is due to the fact that gas fire extinguishing installations cause virtually no harm, and if installed correctly organized system ventilation, the remaining fire extinguishing gas is removed from the room almost instantly.
The principle of operation of the gas fire extinguishing system, its advantages and disadvantages
The mechanism of action of gas fire extinguishing is to displace the oxygen present in the room with a gas composition, without which the combustion process becomes impossible. When extinguishing liquefied gas Additionally, there is a significant decrease in temperature in the extinguishing zone, which also has a positive effect on the extinguishing process as a whole.
The most significant advantage of gas fire extinguishing systems is that they cause minimal harm to equipment and materials located in the protected area. So, for example, to protect server rooms, it is simply impossible to use any other type of extinguishing, since extinguishing with foam, powder, aerosol or water will certainly lead to damage to expensive electronic equipment. The damage caused by such extinguishing methods can significantly exceed material losses in a fire. In addition to the absence of material damage, among the significant advantages of the gas fire extinguishing system, it is worth noting its increased resistance to temperature influences, which is not characteristic of any other fire extinguishing system. Removing released gas from a room is quite simple - using a stationary or mobile ventilation unit.
However, systems gas extinguishing There are also certain disadvantages that must be taken into account during the design process. The most significant of them is the high danger to human life and health. Just one breath of extinguishing gas reduces the chances of survival to a minimum. And therefore prerequisite to start such systems is the evacuation of all people in the room, as well as control of closure front door. In addition, it is additionally necessary to provide special openings through which excess pressure will be released. The complexity of constructing gas fire extinguishing systems and their relatively high cost make such systems less popular among others. However, if you need to secure premises with the storage of material or spiritual values, expensive machines and mechanisms, a gas fire extinguishing system will be the most correct and reasoned choice.
Composition of a gas fire extinguishing system
So, first, let's look at what is included in the composition. standard installation gas fire extinguishing. The first and main thing is a cylinder (1 or several) of gas, equipped with a squib or valve with electric start. The number of cylinders is calculated during design taking into account the required amount of fire extinguishing agent for each specific room. Naturally, all these calculations must be carried out exclusively by qualified specialists who have all the necessary permits to perform this type of work. Further from the cylinder there is a system of pipelines, at the end of which spray nozzles are located. It is through them that the protected room is filled with fire extinguishing gas. And of course, each system includes a monitoring and control device, which, based on a signal from fire detectors, initiates the start of fire extinguishing. It also turns on light indicators and sirens, and also transmits signals to turn off supply and exhaust ventilation and air conditioning, close fire-retarding valves, start the smoke removal system, etc. All these points must be discussed with the customer and the technologist and implemented during the design process of the facility.
Algorithm of operation of the gas fire extinguishing system
1. The control panel receives the “Fire” signal from fire detectors located in the protected room. As a rule, to avoid false alarms, such a signal is generated based on a signal from 2 detectors. If the signal comes from only 1 detector, and there is no confirmation, the control panel simply resets it.
2. Upon receiving the “Fire” signal, the control panel turns on the light indicator and “Gas” located above the door of the protected room. Come out" and sound alarms located indoors, after which the extinguishing start delay countdown begins. This procedure is necessary to ensure that all people in the room have time to leave before the release of the fire extinguishing agent begins. Next, the PKU carries out control of the door of the room, using a device installed on it magnetic contact detector. If the door is closed, extinguishing is started; if not, the start is delayed until the door is closed. If the automation is disabled, it is necessary to start the system manually using the “Start extinguishing” button installed near the protected premises or remotely from the control panel.
3. After extinguishing starts, the gas contained in the cylinder is supplied through distribution pipelines to the spray nozzles located in the room. At the same time, the “Gas” sign located at the entrance lights up. Do not enter”, indicating that the room is filled with gas and entry is dangerous. A message indicating successful system startup is displayed on the control panel.
4. Upon completion of fire extinguishing, there is a need to remove combustion products and fire extinguishing agent from the premises. To do this, the PKU sends a signal to the smoke removal system, which opens the valve and turns on exhaust fans. This process can also be performed using a mobile smoke removal unit, one hose of which is connected to special holes in the wall of the room, and the second is thrown out a window or door outside the building. This solution is used much more often permanent installation, since it is much cheaper and does not require any installation work. In addition, if the protected facility has several rooms with gas fire extinguishing, only 1 mobile smoke removal unit will be enough for all of them, which will also significantly save the budget.
In fact, the algorithm presented above is relevant for any gas fire extinguishing systems and practically does not depend on the equipment manufacturer. Among the manufacturers, it is worth noting the systems of the company Bolid, built on the basis of the S2000-ASPT with the possibility of external control from the PKU S2000-M, as well as lesser-known systems of the companies Rubezh and Grand Master. The selection of equipment and design of a gas fire extinguishing system must be carried out exclusively by qualified specialists who have permission to perform this type of work.
Our company's specialists have many years of experience work in the design of fire safety systems and gas fire extinguishing systems in particular. Performance design work quickly and efficiently - that's our job. The process will take into account all the wishes of the customer, the requirements of current regulatory documentation, as well as design features each specific object. In addition, with us you can get answers to your questions regarding gas fire extinguishing systems, as well as receive qualified assistance in the selection of the necessary equipment.
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
STATE FIRE SERVICE
FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS
AUTOMATIC GAS FIRE FIGHTING UNITS
STANDARDS AND RULES FOR DESIGN AND APPLICATION
NPB 22-96
MOSCOW 1997
Developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense (VNIIPO) of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Introduced and prepared for approval by the regulatory and technical department of the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service (GUGPS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Approved by the chief state inspector of the Russian Federation for fire supervision. Agreed with the Ministry of Construction of Russia (letter No. 13-691 dated December 19, 1996). Put into effect by order of the Main Directorate of State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 31, 1996 No. 62. Replaced SNiP 2.04.09-84 in the part related to automatic gas fire extinguishing installations (section 3). Effective date: 03/01/1997
Standards of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
AUTOMATIC GAS FIRE FIGHTING UNITS.
Codes of Practice for Design and Application
AUTOMATIC GAS FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS.
Standards and rules of design and use
Date of introduction: 03/01/1997
1 AREA OF USE
These Standards apply to the design and use of automatic gas fire extinguishing installations (hereinafter referred to as AUGP). These Standards do not define the scope of application and do not apply to AUGP for buildings and structures designed according to special vehicle standards. Application of AUGP depending on functional purpose buildings and structures, degree of fire resistance, category of explosion and fire hazard and other indicators are determined by the relevant current regulatory and technical documents approved in the prescribed manner. When designing, in addition to these standards, the requirements of other federal regulatory documents in the field of fire safety.2. REGULATORY REFERENCES
These Standards use references to the following documents: GOST 12.3.046-91 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Are common technical requirements. GOST 12.2.047-86 Fire equipment. Terms and Definitions. GOST 12.1.033-81 Fire safety. Terms and Definitions. GOST 12.4.009-83 Fire fighting equipment for the protection of objects. Main types. Accommodation and service. GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Classification of fires. GOST 27990-88 Security, fire and security and fire alarm system. General technical requirements. GOST 14202-69 Pipelines industrial enterprises. Identification paint, warning signs and markings. GOST 15150-94 Machines, instruments and others technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of climatic factors external environment. GOST 28130 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems. Symbols are conventional graphic. GOST 9.032-74 Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations. GOST 12.1.004-90 Organization of occupational safety training. General provisions. GOST 12.1.005-88 General sanitary and hygienic requirements for air in the working area. GOST 12.1.019-79 Electrical safety. General requirements and a range of types of protection. GOST 12.2.003-91 SSBT. Production equipment. General safety requirements. GOST 12.4.026-76 Signal colors and safety signs. SNiP 2.04.09.84 Fire automatics of buildings and structures. SNiP 2.04.05.92 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. SNiP 3.05.05.84 Technological equipment and process pipelines. SNiP 11-01-95 Instructions on the procedure for development, approval, approval and composition project documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures. SNiP 23.05-95 Natural and artificial lighting. NPB 105-95 Standards of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Determination of categories of premises and buildings for explosion and fire safety. NPB 51-96 Gas fire extinguishing compositions. General technical requirements for fire safety and test methods. NPB 54-96 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. Modules and batteries. General technical requirements. Test methods. PUE-85 Rules for electrical installations. - M.: ENERGOATOMIZDAT, 1985. - 640 p.3. DEFINITIONS
The following terms with corresponding definitions and abbreviations are used in these Standards.|
Definition |
The document on the basis of which the definition is given |
||
| Automatic gas fire extinguishing installation (AUGP) | Set of stationary technical means fire extinguishing system for extinguishing fires due to the automatic release of a gas extinguishing agent | ||
| NPB 51-96 | |||
| Centralized automatic gas fire extinguishing installation | AUGP containing batteries (modules) with GOS, located in a fire extinguishing station, and designed to protect two or more premises | ||
| Modular automatic gas fire extinguishing installation | AUGP containing one or more modules with GOS, located directly in the protected premises or next to it | ||
| Gas fire extinguishing battery | NPB 54-96 | ||
| Gas fire extinguishing module | NPB 54-96 | ||
| Gas fire extinguishing agent (GOS) | NPB 51-96 | ||
| Nozzles | Device for release and distribution of GOS in a protected area | ||
| Inertia of AUGP | Time from the moment the signal to start the AUGP is generated until the start of the expiration of the GOS from the nozzle into the protected room, without taking into account the delay time | ||
| Duration (time) of GOS submission t under, s | Time from the beginning of the outflow of GOS from the nozzle until the estimated mass of GOS required to extinguish a fire in the protected area is released from the installation | ||
| Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration CH, % vol. | The product of the minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of GOS by the safety factor equal to 1.2 | ||
| Standard mass fire extinguishing concentration q N, kg ×m -3 | The product of the standard volume concentration of GOS by the density of GOS in the gas phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 0.1 MPa | ||
| Room leakage parameter d= S F H / V P , m -1 | A value characterizing the leakage of the protected premises and representing the ratio of the total area of constantly open openings to the volume of the protected premises | ||
| Degree of leakage, % | The ratio of the area of permanently open openings to the area of enclosing structures | ||
| Maximum excess pressure in the room Р m, MPa | The maximum value of pressure in the protected room when the calculated amount of GOS is released into it | ||
| State State Standards Reserve | GOST 12.3.046-91 | ||
| GOS stock | GOST 12.3.046-91 | ||
| Maximum jet size GOS | The distance from the nozzle to the section where the speed of the gas-air mixture is at least 1.0 m/s | ||
| Local, start (switch on) | NPB 54-96 |
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1. The equipment of buildings, structures and premises of the AUGP must be carried out in accordance with the design documentation developed and approved in accordance with SNiP 11-01-95. 4.2. AUGP based on gas fire extinguishing compositions are used to eliminate fires of classes A, B, C in accordance with GOST 27331 and electrical equipment (electrical installations with a voltage not higher than those specified in the TD for the GOS used), with a leakage parameter of no more than 0.07 m -1 and a degree of leakage not more than 2.5%. 4.3. AUGP based on GOS should not be used to extinguish fires of: - fibrous, granular, porous and other flammable materials prone to spontaneous combustion and (or) smoldering inside the volume of the substance ( sawdust, cotton, grass flour, etc.); - chemicals and their mixtures, polymer materials, prone to smoldering and burning without air access; - metal hydrides and pyrophoric substances; - metal powders (sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, etc.).5. DESIGN OF AUGP
5.1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
5.1.1. The design, installation and operation of the AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these Standards, other current regulatory documents as they relate to gas fire extinguishing installations, and taking into account the technical documentation for the elements of the AUGP. 5.1.2. AUGP includes: - modules (batteries) for storing and supplying gas fire extinguishing agent; - distribution devices; - main and distribution pipelines with the necessary fittings; - nozzles for the release and distribution of GOS in the protected volume; - fire detectors, process sensors, electrical contact pressure gauges and etc.; - instruments and devices for monitoring and control of AUGP; - devices that generate command impulses to turn off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating systems and technological equipment in the protected room; - devices that generate and issue command impulses for closing fire dampers, ventilation duct dampers, etc.; - devices for signaling the position of doors in the protected premises; - sound and light signaling devices and notifications about the operation of the installation and gas start-up; - fire alarm loops, electrical circuits power supply, management and control of AUGP. 5.1.3. The design of the equipment included in the AUGP is determined by the project and must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.3.046, NPB 54-96, PUE-85 and other current regulatory documents. 5.1.4. The initial data for the calculation and design of AUGP are: - geometric dimensions of the room (length, width and height of enclosing structures); - design of floors and location of utilities; - area of permanently open openings in enclosing structures; - maximum permissible pressure in the protected room (based on the strength of building structures or equipment placed in the room); - range of temperature, pressure and humidity in the protected room and in the room in which the components of the AUGP are located; - list and indicators fire danger substances and materials located in the room and the corresponding fire class according to GOST 27331; - type, size and distribution scheme of the brewing load; - standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of GOS; - availability and characteristics of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating systems; - characteristics and arrangement of technological equipment; - category of premises according to NPB 105-95 and zone classes according to PUE-85; - presence of people and ways of their evacuation. 5.1.5. Calculation of AUGP includes: - determination of the estimated mass of GOS required to extinguish the fire; - determination of the duration of filing a state assessment; - determination of the diameter of the installation pipelines, type and number of nozzles; - determination of the maximum excess pressure when supplying GOS; - determination of the required reserve of GOS and batteries (modules) for centralized installations or reserve of GOS and modules for modular installations; - determination of the type and required number of fire detectors or sprinklers of the incentive system. Note. The method for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for a low-pressure installation with carbon dioxide is given in recommended Appendix 4. For high-pressure installations with carbon dioxide and other gases, the calculation is carried out according to methods agreed upon in the prescribed manner. 5.1.6. AUGP must ensure the supply of no less than the calculated mass of GOS intended for fire extinguishing to the protected premises for the time specified in clause 2 of Mandatory Appendix 1. 5.1.7. AUGP must ensure a delay in the release of state emergency equipment for the time necessary to evacuate people after giving a light and sound warning, stopping ventilation equipment, closing air dampers, fire dampers, etc., but not less than 10 s. The required evacuation time is determined according to GOST 12.1.004. If the required evacuation time does not exceed 30 s, and the time to stop ventilation equipment, close air dampers, fire dampers, etc. Exceeds 30 s, then the mass of the GOS should be calculated based on the condition of ventilation and (or) leakage available at the time of release of the GOS. 5.1.8. The equipment and length of pipelines must be selected based on the condition that the inertia of the AUGP operation should not exceed 15 s. 5.1.9. The AUGP distribution pipeline system, as a rule, should be symmetrical. 5.1.10. AUGP pipelines in fire hazardous areas should be made of metal pipes. To connect the modules to the collector or main pipeline, it is allowed to use high-pressure hoses. The nominal diameter of incentive pipelines with sprinklers should be taken equal to 15 mm. 5.1.11. The connection of pipelines in fire extinguishing installations should, as a rule, be carried out using welding or threaded connections. 5.1.12. Pipelines and their connections in the AUGP must ensure strength at a pressure equal to 1.25 P RAB, and tightness at a pressure equal to P RAB. 5.1.13. According to the method of storing gas fire extinguishing composition, AUGPs are divided into centralized and modular. 5.1.14. AUGP equipment with centralized storage of GOS should be located in fire extinguishing stations. The premises of fire extinguishing stations must be separated from other premises by fire partitions of the 1st type and ceilings of the 3rd type. Fire extinguishing station premises, as a rule, must be located in the basement or on the first floor of buildings. It is allowed to place a fire extinguishing station above the first floor, while the lifting and transport devices of buildings and structures must ensure the possibility of delivering equipment to the installation site and carrying out operational work. The exit from the station should be provided to the outside, to a staircase that has access to the outside, to the lobby or to the corridor, provided that the distance from the exit from the station to the staircase does not exceed 25 m and there are no exits into this corridor to premises of categories A, B and B, with the exception of premises equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems. Note. An isothermal tank for storing GOS can be installed outdoors with a canopy for protection from precipitation and solar radiation with a mesh fence around the perimeter of the site. 5.1.15. The premises of fire extinguishing stations must be at least 2.5 m high for installations with cylinders. The minimum height of the room when using an isothermal container is determined by the height of the container itself, taking into account the distance from it to the ceiling of at least 1 m. The temperature in the rooms should be from 5 to 35 ° C, the relative air humidity should not be more than 80% at 25 ° C, the illumination should be - not less than 100 lux with fluorescent lamps or not less than 75 lux with incandescent lamps. Emergency lighting must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23.05.07-85. Station premises must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation with at least double air exchange within 1 hour. Stations must be equipped with telephone communication with the premises of duty personnel who are on duty around the clock. At the entrance to the station premises there should be a lighted sign “Fire extinguishing station”. 5.1.16. The equipment of modular gas fire extinguishing installations can be located both inside the protected premises and outside it, in close proximity to it. 5.1.17. The placement of local starting devices for modules, batteries and distribution devices should be at a height of no more than 1.7 m from the floor. 5.1.18. The placement of centralized and modular AUGP equipment should ensure the possibility of its maintenance. 5.1.19. The choice of the type of nozzles is determined by their performance characteristics for a specific GOS, specified in the technical documentation for the nozzles. 5.1.20. The nozzles must be placed in the protected room in such a way as to ensure that the concentration of GOS throughout the entire volume of the room is not lower than the standard. 5.1.21. The difference in flow rates between the two outer nozzles on one distribution pipeline should not exceed 20%. 5.1.22. The AUGP must be equipped with devices that eliminate the possibility of nozzles becoming clogged when releasing GOS. 5.1.23. Only one type of nozzle should be used in one room. 5.1.24. When nozzles are located in areas of possible mechanical damage, they must be protected. 5.1.25. Painting of installation components, including pipelines, must comply with GOST 12.4.026 and industry standards. Pipelines of installations and modules located in rooms that have special aesthetic requirements can be painted in accordance with these requirements. 5.1.26. All external surfaces of pipelines must be painted with protective paint in accordance with GOST 9.032 and GOST 14202. 5.1.27. Equipment, products and materials used in AUGP must have documents certifying their quality and comply with the conditions of use and project specifications. 5.1.28. AUGP of the centralized type, in addition to the calculated one, must have a 100% reserve of gas fire extinguishing agent. Batteries (modules) for storing the main and backup fire extinguishing agents must have cylinders of the same size and be filled with the same amount of gas fire extinguishing agent. 5.1.29. Modular-type AUGPs that have gas fire extinguishing modules of the same standard size at the facility must have a supply of GOS based on 100% replacement in the installation protecting the room of the largest volume. If at one facility there are several modular installations with modules of different standard sizes, then the GOS reserve should ensure the restoration of the functionality of the installations that protect the premises of the largest volume with modules of each standard size. The GOS stock must be stored in the facility's warehouse. 5.1.30. If it is necessary to test the AUGP, the supply of GOS for carrying out these tests is taken from the condition of protecting the premises of the smallest volume, unless there are other requirements. 5.1.31. Equipment used for AUGP must have a service life of at least 10 years.5.2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AUGP ELECTRICAL CONTROL, CONTROL, SIGNALING AND POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
5.2.1. AUGP electrical controls must provide: - automatic start-up of the installation; - disabling and restoring automatic start mode; - automatic switching of the power supply from the main source to the backup one when the voltage on the main source is turned off, followed by switching to the main power source when the voltage on it is restored; - remote start of the installation; - disabling the sound alarm; - delay in the release of the GOS for the time necessary to evacuate people from the premises, turn off ventilation, etc., but not less than 10 s; - generation of a command impulse at the outputs of electrical equipment for use in control systems for process and electrical equipment of the facility, fire warning systems, smoke removal, air pressurization, as well as for turning off ventilation, air conditioning, air heating; - automatic or manual shutdown of sound and light alarms about fire, operation and malfunction of the installation. Notes: 1. Local start-up must be excluded or blocked in modular installations in which gas fire extinguishing modules are located inside the protected room.2. For centralized installations and modular installations with modules located outside the protected premises, the modules (batteries) must have a local start.3. If there is a closed system that serves only a given room, it is allowed not to turn off the ventilation, air conditioning, and air heating after supplying the GOS to it. 5.2.2. The formation of a command pulse for the automatic start of a gas fire extinguishing installation must be carried out from two automatic fire detectors in the same or different loops, from two electrical contact pressure gauges, two pressure alarms, two process sensors or other devices. 5.2.3. Remote start devices should be placed at emergency exits outside the protected room or the room that includes the protected channel, underground, or space behind the suspended ceiling. It is allowed to place remote start devices in the premises of duty personnel with mandatory indication of the operating mode of the AUGP. 5.2.4. Remote start devices for installations must be protected in accordance with GOST 12.4.009. 5.2.5. AUGP protecting premises in which people are present must have automatic start shutdown devices in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.009. 5.2.6. When opening the doors to the protected premises, the AUGP must ensure blocking of the automatic start of the installation with an indication of the blocked state according to clause. 5.2.15. 5.2.7. Devices for restoring the automatic start-up mode of the AUGP should be placed in the premises of the duty personnel. If there is protection against unauthorized access to devices for restoring the automatic start mode of the AUGP, these devices can be placed at the entrances to the protected premises. 5.2.8. AUGP equipment must provide automatic control of: - the integrity of fire alarm loops along their entire length; - integrity of electrical starting circuits (for open circuit); - air pressure in the incentive network, launch cylinders; - light and sound alarm (automatically or by call). 5.2.9. If there are several directions of GOS supply, batteries (modules) and switchgear installed in the fire extinguishing station must have signs indicating the protected room (direction). 5.2.10. In rooms protected by volumetric gas fire extinguishing installations and in front of their entrances, an alarm system must be provided in accordance with GOST 12.4.009. Adjacent rooms that have access only through the protected rooms, as well as rooms with protected channels, underground spaces and spaces behind the suspended ceiling must be equipped with similar alarms. In this case, the light display “Gas - leave!”, “Gas - do not enter” and the warning sound alarm device are installed common for the protected room and protected spaces (channels, underground, behind the suspended ceiling) of this room, and when protecting only the specified spaces - common for these spaces. 5.2.11. Before entering the protected room or the room to which the protected channel or underground belongs, the space behind the suspended ceiling, it is necessary to provide a light indication of the operating mode of the AUGP. 5.2.12. In the premises of gas fire extinguishing stations there must be light alarm , recording: - the presence of voltage at the inputs of the working and backup power sources; - break in the electrical circuits of the squibs or electromagnets; - pressure drop in incentive pipelines by 0.05 MPa and launch cylinders by 0.2 MPa with decoding in directions; - activation of AUGP with decoding in directions. 5.2.13. In the premises of a fire post or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty, light and sound alarms must be provided: - about the occurrence of a fire with decoding in directions; - about the activation of the AUGP, with a decoding of the directions and the arrival of the GOS into the protected premises; - loss of voltage from the main power source; - about the malfunction of the AUGP with decoding in directions. 5.2.14. In AUGP, sound signals about fire and installation activation must differ in tone from signals about a malfunction. 5.2.15. In a room with personnel on round-the-clock duty, only light signaling should also be provided: - about the operating mode of the AUGP; - about turning off the audible fire alarm; - disabling the audible fault alarm; - about the presence of voltage on the main and backup power sources. 5.2.16. AUGP must belong to electricity consumers of the 1st category of power supply reliability according to PUE-85. 5.2.17. In the absence of a backup input, it is allowed to use autonomous power sources that ensure the operation of the AUGP for at least 24 hours in standby mode and for at least 30 minutes in fire or malfunction mode. 5.2.18. Protection of electrical circuits must be carried out in accordance with PUE-85. It is not allowed to install thermal and maximum protection in control circuits, the disconnection of which may lead to a failure in the supply of GOS to the protected premises. 5.2.19. Grounding and grounding of AUGP equipment must be carried out in accordance with PUE-85 and the requirements of technical documentation for the equipment. 5.2.20. The selection of wires and cables, as well as methods of their installation, should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of PUE-85, SNiP 3.05.06-85, SNiP 2.04.09-84 and in accordance with the technical characteristics of cable and wire products. 5.2.21. The placement of fire detectors inside the protected premises should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84 or another regulatory document replacing it. 5.2.22. Fire station premises or other premises with personnel on duty around the clock must comply with the requirements of section 4 of SNiP 2. 04.09-84.5.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTED PREMISES
5.3.1. Premises equipped with AUGP must be equipped with signs in accordance with paragraphs. 5.2.11 and 5.2.12. 5.3.2. Volumes, areas, flammable load, the presence and dimensions of open openings in protected premises must correspond to the design and must be monitored upon commissioning of the AUGP. 5.3.3. The leakage of premises equipped with AUGP should not exceed the values specified in clause 4.2. Measures must be taken to eliminate technologically unjustified openings, door closers, etc. must be installed. Premises, if necessary, must have pressure relief devices. 5.3.4. In air duct systems for general ventilation, air heating and air conditioning of protected premises, air seals or fire dampers should be provided. 5.3.5. To remove GOS after the end of the AUGP operation, it is necessary to use general exchange ventilation of buildings, structures and premises. It is allowed to provide mobile ventilation units for this purpose.5.4. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
5.4.1. Design, installation, commissioning, acceptance and operation of AUGP should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of safety measures set out in: - “Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels”; - “Rules for technical operation of consumer electrical installations”; - “Safety rules for the operation of electrical installations of Gosenergonadzor consumers”; - "Unified safety rules for blasting operations (when used in squib installations"); - GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.3.046, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.2. 005, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 12.1.005, GOST 27990, GOST 28130, PUE-85, NPB 51-96, NPB 54-96; - these Standards; - current regulatory and technical documentation, approved in accordance with the established procedure insofar as it relates to AUGP. 5.4.2. Local start-up devices for installations must be fenced and sealed, with the exception of local start-up devices installed in the premises of a fire extinguishing station or fire posts. 5.4.3. Entering the protected premises after the release of state protection equipment and extinguishing the fire until the end of ventilation is permitted only in insulating respiratory protective equipment. 5.4.4. Entry into the premises without insulating respiratory protection is permitted only after combustion products and decomposition of the GOS have been removed to a safe level.ANNEX 1
Mandatory
Methodology for calculating AUGP parameters when extinguishing by volumetric method
1. The mass of the gas fire extinguishing agent (Mg), which must be stored in the AUGP, is determined by the formulaM G = Mr + Mtr + M 6 × n, (1)
Where Мр is the calculated mass of GOS intended for extinguishing a fire by volumetric method in the absence artificial ventilation indoor air, is determined: for ozone-safe refrigerants and sulfur hexafluoride according to the formula
Mr = K 1 × V P × r 1 × (1 + K 2) × C N / (100 - C N) (2)
For carbon dioxide according to the formula
Мр = К 1 × V P × r 1 × (1 + К 2) × ln [ 100/(100 - С Н) ], (3)
Where VP is the estimated volume of the protected room, m3. The calculated volume of a room includes its internal geometric volume, including the volume of a closed ventilation, air conditioning, and air heating system. The volume of equipment located in the room is not subtracted from it, with the exception of the volume of solid (impenetrable) fireproof building elements (columns, beams, foundations, etc.); K 1 - coefficient taking into account leaks of gas fire extinguishing agent from cylinders through leaks in shut-off valves; K 2 - coefficient taking into account the loss of gas fire extinguishing agent through leaks in the room; r 1 - density of the gas fire extinguishing composition, taking into account the height of the protected object relative to sea level, kg × m -3, determined by the formula
r 1 = r 0 × T 0 /T m × K 3, (4)
Where r 0 is the vapor density of the gas fire extinguishing composition at temperature T o = 293 K (20 ° C) and atmospheric pressure 0.1013 MPa; Tm - minimum operating temperature in the protected room, K; СН - standard volume concentration of GOS, % vol. The values of standard fire extinguishing concentrations of GOS (S N) for various types of flammable materials are given in Appendix 2; Kz is a correction factor that takes into account the height of the object relative to sea level (see Table 2 of Appendix 4). The remainder of the GOS in the MMR pipelines, kg, is determined for AUGPs in which the nozzle openings are located above the distribution pipelines.
M tr = V tr × r GOS, (5)
Where Vtr is the volume of AUGP pipelines from the nozzle closest to the installation to the end nozzles, m 3; r GOS - the density of the GOS residue at the pressure that exists in the pipeline after the end of the outflow of the estimated mass of the gas fire extinguishing agent into the protected room; M b × n is the product of the remainder of the GOS in the battery (module) (M b) AUGP, which is accepted according to the TD for the product, kg, by the number (n) of batteries (modules) in the installation. In rooms in which, during normal operation, significant fluctuations in volume (warehouses, storage facilities, garages, etc.) or temperature are possible, it is necessary to use the maximum possible volume as the calculated volume, taking into account the minimum operating temperature of the room. Note. The standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration CH for flammable materials not listed in Appendix 2 is equal to the minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration multiplied by a safety factor of 1.2. The minimum volumetric fire extinguishing concentration is determined according to the method set out in NPB 51-96. 1.1. The coefficients of equation (1) are determined as follows. 1.1.1. Coefficient taking into account leakage of gas fire extinguishing agent from vessels through leaks in shut-off valves and uneven distribution of gas fire extinguishing agent throughout the volume of the protected premises:
1.1.2. Coefficient taking into account the loss of gas fire extinguishing agent due to room leaks:
K 2 = 1.5 × Ф(Сн, g) × d × t UNDER × , (6)
Where Ф(Сн, g) is a functional coefficient depending on the standard volumetric concentration of СН and the ratio of the molecular masses of air and gas fire extinguishing composition; g = t W /t GOS, m 0.5 × s -1, - ratio of the molecular masses of air and GOS; d = S F H / V P - room leakage parameter, m -1; S F H - total leakage area, m 2 ; H is the height of the room, m. The coefficient Ф(Сн, g) is determined by the formula
Ф(Сн, у) = 
(7)
Where = 0.01 × C H / g is the relative mass concentration of GOS. The numerical values of the coefficient Ф(Сн, g) are given in reference appendix 5. 2. The time of release into the protected room of the estimated mass of GOS intended for fire extinguishing should not exceed a value equal to: t POD £ 10 s for modular AUGP used as GOS freons and sulfur hexafluoride; t ADL £ 15 s for centralized AUGPs using freons and sulfur hexafluoride as GOS; t UNDER £ 60 s for AUGP using carbon dioxide as a GOS. 3. Weight of gas fire extinguishing agent intended for extinguishing a fire in a room with forced ventilation running: for freons and sulfur hexafluoride
Mg = K 1 × r 1 × (V r + Q × t POD) × [ C H /(100 - C H) ] (8)
For carbon dioxide
Mg = K 1 × r 1 × (Q × t POD + V r) × ln [ 100/100 - C H) ] (9)
Where Q is the volumetric flow rate of air removed by ventilation from the room, m 3 × s -1. 4. Maximum excess pressure when supplying gas compositions with room leakage:
< Мг /(t ПОД × j × ) (10)
Where j = 42 kg × m -2 × C -1 × (% vol.) -0.5 is determined by the formula:
Рт = [С Н /(100 - С Н) ] × Ra or Рт = Ra + D Рт, (11)
And with room leaks:
³ Mg/(t POD × j × ) (12)
Determined by the formula
(13)
5. The release time of the GOS depends on the pressure in the cylinder, the type of GOS, the geometric dimensions of the pipelines and nozzles. The release time is determined during hydraulic calculations of the installation and should not exceed the value specified in paragraph 2 of Appendix 1.
APPENDIX 2
Mandatory
Table 1
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 125 (C 2 F 5 H) at t = 20 ° C and P = 0.1 MPa
|
GOST, TU, OST |
|||
|
volume,% vol. |
Mass, kg × m -3 |
||
| Ethanol | GOST 18300-72 | ||
| N-Heptane | GOST 25823-83 | ||
| Vacuum oil | |||
| Cotton fabric | OST 84-73 | ||
| PMMA | |||
| Organoplastic TOPS-Z | |||
| Textolite B | GOST 2910-67 | ||
| Rubber IRP-1118 | TU 38-005924-73 | ||
| Nylon fabric P-56P | TU 17-04-9-78 | ||
| OST 81-92-74 | |||
table 2
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SP 6) at t = 20 °C and P = 0.1 MPa
|
Name of combustible material |
GOST, TU, OST |
Standard fire extinguishing concentration Сн |
|
|
volume,% vol. |
mass, kg × m -3 |
||
| N-Heptane | |||
| Acetone | |||
| Transformer oil | |||
| PMMA | GOST 18300-72 | ||
| Ethanol | TU 38-005924-73 | ||
| Rubber IRP-1118 | OST 84-73 | ||
| Cotton fabric | GOST 2910-67 | ||
| Textolite B | OST 81-92-74 | ||
| Pulp (paper, wood) | |||
Table 3
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) at t = 20 °C and P = 0.1 MPa
|
Name of combustible material |
GOST, TU, OST |
Standard fire extinguishing concentration Сн |
|
|
volume,% vol. |
Mass, kg × m -3 |
||
| N-Heptane | |||
| Ethanol | GOST 18300-72 | ||
| Acetone | |||
| Toluene | |||
| Kerosene | |||
| PMMA | |||
| Rubber IRP-1118 | TU 38-005924-73 | ||
| Cotton fabric | OST 84-73 | ||
| Textolite B | GOST 2910-67 | ||
| Pulp (paper, wood) | OST 81-92-74 | ||
Table 4
Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 318C (C 4 F 8 C) at t = 20 ° C and P = 0.1 MPa
|
Name of combustible material |
GOST, TU, OST |
Standard fire extinguishing concentration Сн |
|
|
volume,% vol. |
mass, kg × m -3 |
||
| N-Heptane | GOST 25823-83 | ||
| Ethanol | |||
| Acetone | |||
| Kerosene | |||
| Toluene | |||
| PMMA | |||
| Rubber IRP-1118 | |||
| Pulp (paper, wood) | |||
| Getinax | |||
| Expanded polystyrene | |||
APPENDIX 3
Mandatory
General requirements for local fire extinguishing installations
1. Local volumetric fire extinguishing installations are used to extinguish fires of individual units or equipment in cases where the use of volumetric fire extinguishing installations is technically impossible or economically infeasible. 2. The estimated volume of local fire extinguishing is determined by multiplying the base area of the protected unit or equipment by its height. In this case, all calculated dimensions (length, width and height) of the unit or equipment must be increased by 1 m. 3. For local fire extinguishing by volume, carbon dioxide and freons should be used. 4. The standard mass fire extinguishing concentration for local extinguishing by volume with carbon dioxide is 6 kg/m3. 5. The time for applying GOS during local extinguishing should not exceed 30 s.Methodology for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for a low-pressure installation with carbon dioxide
1. Average (during the supply time) pressure in an isothermal container p t, MPa, is determined by the formulaр t = 0.5 × (р 1 + р 2), (1)
Where p 1 is the pressure in the container during carbon dioxide storage, MPa; p 2 - pressure in the container at the end of release of the estimated amount of carbon dioxide, MPa, determined from Fig. 1.
Rice. 1. Graph for determining the pressure in an isothermal tank at the end of the release of the estimated amount of carbon dioxide
2. The average consumption of carbon dioxide Q t, kg/s, is determined by the formula
Q t = t /t, (2)
Where m is the mass of the main supply of carbon dioxide, kg; t - carbon dioxide supply time, s, is taken according to clause 2 of Appendix 1. 3. The internal diameter of the main pipeline d i, m, is determined by the formula
d i = 9.6 × 10 -3 × (k 4 -2 × Q t × l 1) 0.19, (3)
Where k 4 is the multiplier, determined from the table. 1; l 1 - length of the main pipeline according to the project, m.
Table 1
4. Average pressure in the main pipeline at the point of its entry into the protected roomp z (p 4) = 2 + 0.568 × 1p, (4)
Where l 2 is the equivalent length of pipelines from the isothermal tank to the point at which the pressure is determined, m:
l 2 = l 1 + 69 × d i 1.25 × e 1 , (5)
Where e 1 is the sum of the resistance coefficients of pipeline fittings. 5. Medium pressure
p t = 0.5 × (p z + p 4), (6)
Where pz is the pressure at the point of entry of the main pipeline into the protected room, MPa; p 4 - pressure at the end of the main pipeline, MPa. 6. The average flow rate through the nozzles Q t, kg/s, is determined by the formula
Q ¢ t = 4.1 × 10 -3 × m × k 5 × A 3 
, (7)
Where m is the flow coefficient through the nozzles; a 3 is the area of the nozzle outlet, m; k 5 - coefficient determined by the formula
k 5 = 0.93 + 0.3/(1.025 - 0.5 × p ¢ t) . (8)
7. The number of nozzles is determined by the formula
x 1 = Q t/ Q ¢ t.
8. Internal diameter of the distribution pipeline (d ¢ i, m, calculated from the condition
d ¢ I ³ 1.4 × d Ö x 1 , (9)
Where d is the diameter of the nozzle outlet. Note. The relative mass of carbon dioxide t 4 is determined by the formula t 4 = (t 5 - t)/t 5, where t 5 is the initial mass of carbon dioxide, kg.
APPENDIX 5
Information
Table 1
Basic thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of freon 125 (C 2 F 5 H), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), carbon dioxide (CO 2) and freon 318C (C 4 F 8 C)
|
Name |
Unit |
||||
| Molecular mass | |||||
| Vapor density at P = 1 atm and t = 20 °C | |||||
| Boiling point at 0.1 MPa | |||||
| Melting temperature | |||||
| Critical temperature | |||||
| Critical pressure | |||||
| Liquid density at P cr and t cr | |||||
| Specific heat capacity of liquid |
kJ × kg -1 × °С -1 |
||||
|
kcal × kg -1 × °С -1 |
|||||
| Specific heat capacity of gas at P = 1 atm and t = 25 °C |
kJ × kg -1 × °С -1 |
||||
|
kcal × kg -1 × °С -1 |
|||||
| Latent heat of vaporization |
kJ × kg |
||||
|
kcal × kg |
|||||
| Gas thermal conductivity coefficient |
W × m -1 × °C -1 |
||||
|
kcal × m -1 × s -1 × °C -1 |
|||||
| Dynamic gas viscosity |
kg × m -1 × s -1 |
||||
| Relative dielectric constant at P = 1 atm and t = 25 °C |
e × (e ast) -1 |
||||
| Partial vapor pressure at t = 20 °C | |||||
| Breakdown voltage of GOS vapor relative to nitrogen gas |
V × (V N2) -1 |
table 2
Correction factor taking into account the height of the protected object relative to sea level
|
Height, m |
Correction factor K 3 |
Table 3
Values of the functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g) for refrigerant 318C (C 4 F 8 C)
|
Volume concentration of freon 318C Sn, % vol. |
Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g) |
||
Table 4
The value of the functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g) for refrigerant 125 (С 2 F 5 Н)
|
Volume concentration of freon 125 Сн, % vol. |
Volume concentration of freon 125 Сн,% vol. |
Functional coefficient (Сн, g) |
|
Table 5
Values of the functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g) for carbon dioxide (СО 2)
|
Functional coefficient (Сн, g) |
Volume concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) Сн, % vol. |
Functional coefficient (Сн, g) |
|
Table 6
Values of the functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g) for sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6)
|
Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g) |
Volume concentration of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) Сн, % vol. |
Functional coefficient Ф(Сн, g) |
|
| 1 area of use. 1 2. Normative references. 1 3. Definitions. 2 4. General requirements. 3 5. Design of augp.. 3 5.1. General provisions and requirements. 3 5.2. General requirements for electrical control, monitoring, alarm and power supply systems for augp... 6 5.3. Requirements for protected premises.. 8 5.4. Safety and environmental requirements... 8 Annex 1 Methodology for calculating AUGP parameters when extinguishing using the volumetric method.. 9 Appendix 2 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentrations. eleven Appendix 3 General requirements for local fire extinguishing installations. 12 Appendix 4 Methodology for calculating the diameter of pipelines and the number of nozzles for a low-pressure installation with carbon dioxide. 12 Appendix 5 Basic thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of freon 125, sulfur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide and freon 318C.. 13 |
