How to insulate floors in an apartment on the first floor. How to insulate floors on the first floor. Video - insulating the floor above a cold basement

Often residents on the first floors apartment buildings facing the problem of icy floor surfaces in winter. Therefore, the relevant question is how to carry out thermal insulation correctly, what methods exist and what is best to use in a given situation. Practical recommendations, how to choose optimal insulation floors of the first floor, as well as instructions for doing the work yourself are designed to help solve this problem.

Materials to choose from

IN apartment buildings There are two types of covering: wooden and concrete. Depending on this, the appropriate type of insulation is selected.

Basics for warm covering for the floor there are liquid, bulk, and also in the form of blocks and rolls. They can be used together with each other or separately.

Liquid

The insulation can be cement mixture filled with expanded clay, polystyrene foam or other materials.
Currently, polymer penoizol is widely used.

However, in order to work with it, special equipment is needed.

Bulk

Among the insulation materials of this group are expanded clay, foam chips, sawdust. They are suitable for insulating floors in apartments with an unheated basement.

Expanded clay is strong and durable, has low thermal conductivity. But, having chosen it as insulation, you need to take care of high-quality waterproofing, since its granules absorb moisture well.

Block

They come in the form of slabs and mats of mineral wool, polystyrene foam, and basalt fiber.

Polystyrene foam has low thermal conductivity, costs little and is environmentally friendly. But it is fragile, and when heated strongly, it melts, releasing harmful fumes.

More modern version polystyrene foam - expanded polystyrene. It has better density and does not burn. Sheets of such insulation are convenient because they can be used to install a heated floor, install a plank floor, fill a screed, and so on.

The most environmentally friendly material among blocks is vermiculite, which is obtained by processing mineral products.

However, it is by no means cheap and in order to save money, you can use its analogue, granulated vermiculite.

Rolled

Insulation materials are made in the form of rolls from polystyrene, cork, mineral wool and foil bases. When the thickness of the insulation roll type not enough, they are placed in two layers or used together with blocks.

Mineral wool, being a cheap insulation material, guarantees low heat transfer. But, you need to take into account that over time it can become denser, causing its properties to decrease. In addition, during installation, mineral wool crumbles and forms dust that is harmful to health, so it requires the use of a respirator and special clothing when working with it.

Concrete floor

Concrete is durable and therefore very often used as a floor. However, this material is very cold. Therefore, in those houses where it is used, careful thermal insulation is required on the first floors. Otherwise, any heating will not be able to warm up properly.

Apartment owners should waterproof the first floor, since dampness often forms in the basement, as a result of which, without appropriate work, mold will appear on the walls.

Instructions for carrying out work

The process begins by preparing the base. To do this, you need to remove the entire coating and check the slabs for cracks, chips and cracks. If there are defects, they are eliminated with a special solution based on concrete or cement. After the surface hardens, it is treated with a special impregnation that strengthens the layer.

Next, waterproofing should be done. Polyethylene film is quite suitable here. It should extend onto the walls by about fifteen to twenty centimeters. A special deep penetration primer will also cope with the task.

To install the insulation, a frame is made. To do this, beams are laid, and under them - pieces of roofing material. Logs are placed on the bars, and the entire structure is attached to concrete.

After this, you can install bulk insulation alone or in combination with liquid version. On top of it in the cavity of the structure they lay mineral wool. You can also use foam or other material.

Then a vapor insulating film is laid, which is secured with staples to the joists.

The process ends with the installation of the subfloor. Depending on the type of finishing coating, it can be made of boards or thick plywood.

Modern high-rise buildings no longer have wooden floors. But they can often be found in old-type houses.

Wood is a warm and environmentally friendly material, but over time it tends to dry out, causing gaps to form in the floor. And they cause drafts. Therefore, it would be correct to further process such coatings.

Insulation technology

To insulate the ground floor, you need to perform the following steps:

dismantle the old coating, check and, if necessary, replace, and if in good condition it can be put back in place;
treat the surface with antifungal antiseptics and allow to dry;
install insulation and cover it with a vapor barrier film;
A board is laid on top of the surface.

Work from the basement

It is possible to insulate an apartment on the ground floor from the basement side. For this purpose, thermal insulation material is attached to the ceiling in the technical room. It can be polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam, which are simply glued on. Mineral wool is also suitable for this purpose. But attaching it will be more difficult. To do this you need:

fix the bars a couple of centimeters thick than the insulation layer;
lay mineral wool between the elements of the installed structure;
Using a stapler, install a vapor barrier membrane on the surface
cover the structure with plywood or fiberboards.

This type of insulation is becoming increasingly popular. Thanks to it, the floor surface on the first floor will always be warm, the humidity in the apartment will decrease, and its microclimate will improve. The system is:

electric, mounted in a screed or on top of a rough covering;
infrared, from a special film installed under the final coating;
water, when the liquid is constantly heated and pumped into the heating system.

It is best to lay such structures in a leveling screed. A water floor can also be used for wooden covering. But this will be more difficult to implement, since polymer pipes must be placed in the grooves made for them and covered with foil. The finishing is installed on top of the system.

This coating is used not only as decorative, but also as insulation for the floor, especially on the ground floor. Special mixtures guarantee thermal insulation and waterproofing, as well as fire safety.

They are made from environmentally friendly pure materials, which you can install yourself.

Installation instructions

Before starting installation, it is important to properly prepare the base.

whatever it is rough surface- concrete, wood, ceramic tiles or cement strainer, it is necessary to check it carefully;
seal cracks, cracks, loose elements, dismantle and replace;
clean the entire coating;
sand wood and concrete;
Prime the floor generously so that all pores are completely closed;
a day after this you can start laying.

The prepared mixture is simply poured out of the bucket and leveled with a spatula. The entire room is covered at once to create a flat surface. At the end, to avoid the appearance of bubbles, you need to go over the entire coating with a roller with needles. Polyurethane varnish is applied to the dried floor.

In order for the work in the apartment to be successful, you need to consider some points:

the basement walls are examined to identify cracks, holes and chips that must be repaired;
Ventilation holes in the basement can be covered for the winter, but not completely;
installation of a vapor barrier is required.

Insulation of a concrete floor is very important for creating comfort and warmth in the house, especially if the apartment is located on the ground floor.

But wooden floors sometimes also require insulation.

For example, in a private house, no matter how well the coating is made, it does not provide a complete guarantee of heat retention, which means it will not be possible to save on heating.

The systemic heat exchange of a house or apartment largely depends on the floors, since they are the place of large heat loss.

Concrete is durable and has excellent performance qualities, it is popular for flooring, but it has one serious drawback - the material is very cold. If it is installed in a residential area, then high-quality thermal insulation is required, otherwise any heating will not be effective.

A cold floor means uncomfortable indoor conditions and significant waste of energy for heating.

In addition, in the absence of insulation, dampness can form in a ground-floor apartment, which is usually located above an unheated basement, and as a result, mold can form on the walls.

All this can be avoided with a high-quality insulating structure.

The job of insulating a floor is not impossible. In the presence of necessary materials and tools, any owner can handle it independently.

Which insulation is better to choose?

There are several types of insulation, produced in the form of blocks, bulk materials, rolls and even in liquid form. Each of them is quite suitable for insulating the cold floor of the first floor.

Mats and slabs

Insulation of this type has low thermal conductivity and light weight; they are ideally suited for insulating the concrete floor of the first floor.

They can be used in conjunction with thin roll materials, which increases the overall thermal insulation.

Insulation in the form of mats and slabs is made from foam plastic, mineral wool, basalt fiber, based on polystyrene foam and other composite materials.

Since ancient times, mats made from plant fibers, such as straw, have been used to insulate floors in private homes, which is an excellent environmentally friendly insulation material. The only negative is that organic matter decomposes over time.

Bulk insulation materials

Bulk materials include sawdust, foam chips, slag and others.

They are used for insulating floors in ground floor apartments, as well as in private houses.

The advantage of bulk insulation is that it completely fills the space between the sheathing bars.

This the material is suitable how to place on open ground under the floor in a private house, and in apartments with an unheated basement below.

Roll materials

Foamed polystyrene, mineral wool, cork or cork-based composite mats, multilayer foil insulation, etc. are produced in the form of rolls.

Some of them have a small thickness, and therefore will not fully cope with the task of retaining heat - they are good to use in addition to thicker insulation.

Rolled mineral wool, 7-10 cm thick, is an excellent thermal insulator, so it is quite suitable for insulation.

Liquid insulation

Cement mortars mixed with foam chips, wood shavings, expanded clay and others are used as liquid insulation materials. light air materials.

A modern version of liquid insulation is a polymer with a foamed structure - penoizol. To work with it, special equipment is used, with the help of which the cavities between the sheathing guides are filled with material.

How to properly insulate a concrete floor?

When calculating floor insulation, it is necessary to take into account the significant load to which all layers of the structure will be subjected.

For different types gender insulation material slightly different from each other, but the insulation system common to all floors consists of laying materials in the following sequence:

The base is a concrete slab.
Waterproofing layer.
Wooden sheathing.
Insulation placed between the sheathing guides
(its sheets are spread overlapping by 15-25 cm and glued with special tape).
If the insulation has the thickness of the sheathing, a counter batten is nailed to it, which will create a gap between the insulation and the subfloor, allowing ventilation.
Subfloor (thick plywood or board).
Additionally, under the rough floor, rolled thin insulation can be used, which is spread over the sheathing.

The method of insulating floors is easy to understand by looking at the graphic diagram below.

Features of insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor in a private house and apartment

The insulation of concrete floors in a private house and apartment differs in some nuances, but the principle of insulation is basically the same.

If you are insulating the concrete floors of a private house that does not have a basement, you will have to resort to using several materials.

Naturally, it is better to calculate the thickness of the insulation in advance, during the construction of the house, but if the insulation is carried out in a finished room, it is necessary to prepare the base. The same thing is done in the apartment:

For this purpose it is removed decorative coating and a thorough inspection of the concrete slab is carried out for cracks and chips.
The slab is cleaned, and all identified defects are eliminated using concrete or ready-made repair mortar.
After it hardens, it is advisable to treat the surface with a strengthening impregnation - sealing.
Next comes the installation of waterproofing - this process is important both for the floor of the first floor of an apartment and a private house.

The waterproofing layer may consist of polyethylene film, which should be 15-20 cm on the walls, or a special deep penetration water-repellent primer applied to the floors and lower parts of the walls.

If in an apartment the sheathing (joists) can be laid directly on the waterproofing, then in a private house it is better to raise it by 5-7 cm.

Raised floors above the concrete slab will allow for a thicker layer of insulation material to be laid.

To do this, pieces of timber 5x5x15 cm are laid on the waterproofing, under which it is necessary to lay small pieces of roofing felt.

Logs are laid on the bars and the entire structure is secured to the concrete base.
Next, in a layer of 12-15 cm, you can lay loose insulation, for example, expanded clay in dry form or with the addition of liquid cement mortar. In the latter case, after filling the space, you must wait until the layer hardens.
Slabs or a rolled version of mineral wool, which has low thermal conductivity, are laid on top of it, and is ideal insulation floors for both private houses and apartments. In addition to it, you can use polystyrene foam or liquid insulation - penoizol.
The top layer of insulation should be approximately 5 mm below the joist level.
The mineral wool is covered on top with a vapor barrier film, which is attached to the joists using staples.
The last stage of insulation is the installation of a subfloor, which can consist of boards or thick plywood - this will depend on which one is chosen finishing coat.

It is worth noting that if it is assumed, then rough coating may consist of two layers: boards and plywood.

How best to insulate the wooden floor of the first floor

Wooden floors in modern multi-storey buildings are no longer suitable, but they are often found in old buildings and in the private sector.

Wood itself is a warm material, but it tends to dry out over time, resulting in the formation of cracks in the floors through which drafts enter the apartment or house.

Such floors require insulation work:

To do this, it is necessary to lift the existing old covering. If it is in good condition, it can be installed back after the insulation process.
After removing the boards, the logs are inspected and, if necessary, replaced with new ones. Then they are treated with antiseptic antifungal agents and given time to dry.
Insulation is laid or poured onto the base of the floor.
If the logs are high enough, you can arrange two layers of insulation, the bottom of which will be bulk, and the top will be made of foam plastic or mineral wool slabs.
The next step is to cover the insulation with a vapor barrier film, and lay a floorboard on top.

When building a house, it is better to insulate wooden floors immediately, observing all technological rules. The diagram clearly shows the layers of insulated wooden floor, going in the following sequence:

House foundation.
Floor beams (joists).
Timber for subfloor.
Vapor barrier.
Rough floor.
Insulation.
On top of it is a waterproofing film.
Batten.

Insulation from the basement

If the apartment is located above a basement, it is possible to insulate the floor on its side.

Insulation can be installed on the ceiling of the basement under the apartment.

Polystyrene foam, penoflex or mineral wool are suitable for this procedure.

The foam is glued to the basement ceiling using special glue. After it dries, all the cracks between the plates are sealed with polyurethane foam.

You can also insulate basement floors using mineral wool, but this will be more difficult and more expensive.

The bars are fixed to the ceiling at a distance of the width of the mineral wool, minus 5 cm. This is necessary so that the insulation mats fit tightly between them.
In order for the insulation to hold securely, fiberboard or fiberboard is reinforced on top of it on the beams. thin plywood. Along the edge of the structure, along the walls, all gaps formed are sealed with polyurethane foam.

For insulation work to be effective, you need to know several nuances on which the desired result will depend.

The first thing you need to do when starting to insulate the floor in an apartment on the first floor is to examine the walls of the basement.

If cracks, chips, and possibly even holes are found on them, they must be repaired with cement-based solutions, polyurethane foam, or, if necessary, using brickwork.

Basement ventilation holes on winter period You can cover them, but you cannot cover them completely.

If insulation is being done in a private house, under which there is a basement, the floor should be additionally insulated and outside, i.e. attach the insulation to the ceiling of the basement.
You need to know that low-density foam has high thermal insulation properties due to its porous air structure.
We must not forget about installing a vapor barrier, which must be installed correctly, and be sure to glue the joints with special tape.
Do not completely close the holes ventilating the subfloor, otherwise condensation may form under the floor covering or on the insulation itself.

In order not to make any mistakes, before starting work, you need to study its technology, calculate all the necessary parameters in accordance with the chosen method of thermal insulation and the type of insulation material.

If your apartment is located on the ground floor, there is no need to postpone work on floor insulation. Sooner or later, cold and dampness will settle in the room, and along with them, fungus and mold will appear on the walls of the premises, and it will be very difficult to get rid of them.

The apartment on the first floor is located above the basement, from which dampness and cold penetrate into the room through the concrete floor slab. High humidity bad smell, fungus and uncomfortable floor temperature - residents face these problems every day until they decide to insulate the concrete base.

We insulate the floor from the basement side

External thermal insulation of the base is always effective and does not take up space in the room. In the common basement, you need to determine and mark the area of your apartment. In damp conditions, moisture-resistant insulation is used - expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam. The layer thickness for warm regions is 10 cm, for cold regions - 15 cm. Thermal insulation occurs using the following technology:

Foam boards are attached to the concrete ceiling basement
To protect the material from rodents it is laid metal grid and is fixed with plastic dowels.
The foam is covered with polyethylene film for waterproofing. As a replacement for moisture-resistant fabric, which can be damaged, bitumen coating insulation is used.

Mineral wool can be used as insulation, but more effort will be required. It is necessary to secure the lathing under the material, lay waterproofing and cover everything with moisture-resistant plywood.

Thermal insulation of concrete subfloor

The fight against penetrating cold begins with sealing the cracks in the base. To seal them, polyurethane foam is used; it can be used to treat the joint between the floor and the wall. Thorough waterproofing will allow you to get rid of dampness in an apartment on the ground floor. When humidity is high, the entire floor area is covered with coating or penetrating insulation. After this, a polyethylene film 200 microns thick is spread. The edges of the canvas should extend onto the walls to a height of 15-20 cm. The film is laid with an overlap of adjacent strips of 10-15 cm, the joints are sealed with construction tape.

There are several ways to insulate the floor in an apartment:

concrete screed with insulating additives: sawdust, expanded clay, perlite;
laying thermal insulation material along the joists;
dry screed for gypsum fiber panels;
use of polystyrene foam boards under concrete;
heated floor system.

Arbolite or lightweight concrete made from a mixture of cement and wood fillers - affordable and quality option thermal insulation. It is environmentally friendly, durable, non-flammable and durable. The disadvantage of insulation is that the floor is raised by 10 cm and the drying time is up to 25 days.

Using joists for thermal insulation will also raise the base. The work is carried out in stages:

Wooden blocks are laid on the waterproofing layer in increments of 50 cm.
Insulation is placed between the guides - expanded clay with a layer of 10-12 cm or mineral wool 10 cm thick. The material is laid tightly, the gaps between it and the logs are filled with polyurethane foam.
A polyethylene film is laid for vapor barrier. It is fastened with staples, the joints are taped with special tape.
A subfloor made of boards or plywood is laid.

A dry screed, which does not require time to dry, will allow you to insulate a concrete floor in a short time. Fine expanded clay or sand is poured onto the spread waterproofing, the rock is distributed in an even layer of 5 cm and compacted. Placed on insulation moisture resistant drywall in two rows or special “KNAUF superfloor” panels, the thickness of which is 20 mm. The sheets are glued together and treated with putty. The coating has low thermal conductivity, protects against noise and moisture, is safe and does not require wet processes. Parquet, linoleum, laminate are laid on gypsum fiber.

Expanded polystyrene has high density and strength, it will become a reliable and warm base for the floor. The slabs are placed staggered so that the load is distributed evenly. The joints between them are covered with polyurethane foam. The material is covered with a metal reinforcing mesh and filled with a layer of cement screed 5 cm high.

Installation of a heated floor system - best option for an apartment on the ground floor, it will rid the room of dampness and at any time increase the temperature of the coating to a comfortable level.

Here you can install a water, electric or film floor. The system is laid on a base insulated with polystyrene foam. A foil material is laid under it, with the reflective side facing the room. Water and electric cable floors are laid under the screed, and infrared film is placed under the finishing coating.

How to insulate a wooden floor?

Wood has less thermal conductivity than concrete, but on the ground floor it also seems cold and damp. Before removing the covering boards, you need to select insulation. Usually taken basalt wool, it retains heat perfectly, absorbs noise, does not rot and does not attract rodents, and is safe in case of fire.

Expanded clay is a natural bulk material for thermal insulation; it is lightweight and affordable price, quick and easy to install. You can use expanded polystyrene, the material is durable, resistant to moisture and stress, but its cost is higher than other insulation materials.

Isolation process wooden base consists of several stages:

The boards are removed and inspected; if they are in good condition, they are returned to their place after all work has been completed.
Processing in progress wooden joists antiseptic.
A waterproofing sheet is spread, extending up to 20 cm onto the walls. All joists are wrapped in film.
Rolled basalt wool is tightly laid out between the bars or expanded clay is poured. The height of the insulation does not reach the top of the joists by 5 mm.
The laid material is covered with a vapor barrier film to prevent moisture from the apartment from getting on it.
The tongue and groove boards are nailed to the joists.

By correctly insulating the floor in your apartment, you will forget about moisture and cold for a long time.

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We insulate the floors with our own hands in an apartment on the 1st floor

The floor surface is one of the coldest in the apartment, especially on the first floor of the house. This is due to the characteristics of concrete, the severity of cold air and the fact that there are cracks in the floor through which cold from the basement penetrates into the apartment.

Heat loss through the surface of floors can account for up to a third of all thermal energy. To avoid this, high-quality thermal insulation is necessary. It is quite possible to do it with your own hands.

Options for thermal insulation materials

Materials suitable for floor insulation must have sufficiently low thermal conductivity. Most of these materials can also insulate the room from noise.

The most popular options are:

Mineral wool – inexpensive material, effective both as insulation and sound insulation. Cotton wool is very easy to install, fireproof, and resistant to biological contamination. However, it absorbs water very easily, which requires good waterproofing. In addition, this material can release glass particles into the air, which can cause allergies.
Expanded polystyrene and other types of foam - polymer materials, resistant to moisture and fire. They do not deform, do not allow heat to pass through, and absorb noise.
Bulk materials– expanded clay or wood shavings. have excellent thermal insulation properties, can form a leveling layer when constructing a dry screed.

All these materials are good in their own way; the choice is based on operating conditions. Whichever material is more convenient is the one worth using, there is not much difference between them.

Wood floor insulation

When insulating floors in an apartment on the ground floor of a wooden house, thermal insulation material is usually placed in the spaces between the joists on which the decorative coating lies.

Insulation wooden floors This is what happens in the apartment:

The old covering material is dismantled.
A vapor barrier is laid - usually a simple polyethylene film. The film strips are laid overlapping and secured with tape. The film must be applied to the walls so that the edges eventually protrude above the surface of the finished floor. They can be trimmed later.
Insulation is being installed. If used bulk material, it is poured between the logs, using them as beacons for leveling the insulation using the rule. Other types of thermal insulation are rolled out close to the joists, avoiding even the slightest cracks.
If absorbent cotton wool is used, it is additionally covered with another layer of film to protect it from moisture on all sides.
Leveling slabs of plywood or gypsum fiber sheet are attached to the joists on top of the insulation. You can skip this step and lay it straight away floorboard.
Any type of decorative covering can be installed.

Insulation of floors on concrete base

Most often, the floors of the first floor are panel apartment building They are structures made of reinforced concrete slabs. Concrete itself is a porous material that conducts heat well, which is why it remains cold in almost any conditions.

In addition, floor slabs are almost never joined tightly enough to prevent air from passing through the cracks. As a result, a lot of heat flows into the basement from the first floor.

Screed

One of the most common methods of thermal insulation is laying insulation under a cement screed with your own hands. The insulation of the screed is carried out in this way:

The old coating is removed down to the base. The old screed is also removed.
Floor slabs are repaired if necessary, and joints are sealed. Then the surface is thoroughly cleaned of debris and remnants of the old screed, and vacuumed with a construction vacuum cleaner.
Waterproofing is being carried out. A thick film is laid over the base. The edges of the material need to be placed on the walls. The edges, overlapping each other by 10 cm, are secured with adhesive tape.
The selected insulation is laid on top of the waterproofing layer. Sheets of expanded polystyrene and unwound rolls of glass wool should lie close to each other.
The insulation is covered with an additional layer of film.
A reinforcing mesh is placed on the insulation. It is needed in order to increase the strength of the screed.
The cement-sand mixture is poured. The thickness of the screed must be at least 50 mm at its highest point, otherwise during operation it may become covered with cracks and begin to crumble.
The surface of the dried screed is covered with two layers of primer to final leveling, strengthening and clogging pores in concrete.
The finishing coating is laid on the finished screed.

Dry insulation on joists

The process is similar to insulating floors in an apartment on the first floor of a wooden house, with the only difference being that in this option the logs will have to be installed on a reinforced concrete base with your own hands.

Insulation along the joists is carried out as follows:

The concrete base is cleaned of old coating, screed and debris.
The floor is waterproofed. To do this, you can use bitumen or polymer mixtures, applied with a brush or roller, like paint. A less effective, but cheaper and faster way is to lay plastic film.
Wooden logs are installed a meter apart from each other, no more, so that the floors do not sag. These logs can also be used as beacons for filling expanded clay. It is important to ensure that the upper edges of the joists are in the same plane.
The selected heat-insulating material is laid. The insulation should be installed close to the joists, avoiding any gaps.
The floor covering is formed from plywood, gypsum fiber sheets or fiberboard. The thickness of this layer should be about one and a half centimeters. To do this, the material can be laid in two layers, so that the slabs lie crosswise and the joints do not coincide. The sheets are fastened with glue and self-tapping screws.
Any type of finishing coating can be installed.

Spray insulation

Another way to ensure thermal insulation on the ground floor is professional insulation thin layer polyurethane foam. It forms a seamless polymer surface about 7 cm thick on the floor.

The polymer is applied using special equipment that delivers the material in the form of an aerosol under high pressure. In just a few seconds the substance hardens and turns into durable foam. In terms of its effectiveness, such insulation is superior to all other methods.

In addition, polyurethane foam does not need waterproofing. The service life of the material is estimated at tens of years.

Alternatives

If the heat loss in the apartment is insignificant, you can not lay an additional layer of insulation, but simply use a finishing coating with a fairly low thermal conductivity index. For example, carpet insulates the floor of the first floor quite well. Carpets with long pile have even better insulation properties.

Another option is to use linoleum on a thick base of jute or felt. In the same way, you can insulate the floor by laying parquet with your own hands. You just need to use a backing made of warm material– cork, polyethylene foam or polystyrene foam.

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Do-it-yourself insulation of the first floor floor

A significant amount of heat can escape from the building through the ground floor floor. To minimize heat loss, and at the same time reduce the cost of heating a house, you need to perform high-quality and proper insulation surfaces.

Insulation of the first floor floor

There are several ways to implement the task under consideration. At the same time, to create a reliable thermal insulation layer, you can use different insulation materials. Familiarize yourself with the features of the most popular materials, choose the most suitable method and begin installing thermal insulation.

Comparison of insulation materials

Popular thermal insulation materials and their features

On modern construction market presented big choice materials whose characteristics and properties make it possible to use them for insulating the floor of the first floor. Each insulator has both a number of advantages and a certain list of weak qualities.

Mineral wool

Types of mineral wool by density

The most popular material for insulation various designs is mineral wool. Among its main advantages are:

The main disadvantage is poor resistance to moisture, against which there is a need to install a high-quality waterproofing layer, otherwise the insulation will collapse very quickly.

Comparative characteristics of different types of mineral wool

Mineral wool is produced in the form of slabs and mats, which makes it possible to choose the most convenient option for a specific situation.

Styrofoam

Physical characteristics of foam plastics

No less popular thermal insulation material. Advantages:

low thermal conductivity;
small thickness and relatively light weight;
strength;
durability;
resistance to mechanical damage.

Unlike mineral wool, polystyrene foam does not require such serious moisture protection.

Foam plastic PSB-S-15

If you have a sufficient budget, you can even buy foamed polyethylene. During the production process of this material, its surface is covered with aluminum foil, eliminating the need for additional waterproofing.

Foil foam

Ecowool

It is a cellulose-based insulation with various additives that help improve its fire-resistant and environmentally friendly characteristics. The structure is a bulk material. Ecowool is very easy to install - just pour it into a pre-assembled sheathing and cover it with flooring.

Comparative assessment of some types of insulation

A significant disadvantage of ecowool is its low resistance to moisture. Under its influence, the material very quickly loses its performance properties and collapses.

Ecowool does not burn

Ecowool floor insulation

Fiberglass

This insulation is rapidly gaining popularity. Basic performance characteristics fiberglass is beyond praise. The material is excellent for insulating the floors of rooms located on the ground floor. Also among the advantages of fiberglass is its affordable price.

Choosing a method for arranging a thermal insulation layer

Before starting thermal insulation measures, you need to study not only the properties of the most popular insulation materials, but also become familiar with the features of their arrangement. Depending on the structure, materials are classified into:

bulk;
solid. This category includes roll insulation, as well as thermal insulation materials in the form of mats and slabs;
liquid.

Loose thermal insulation

It is performed using the already mentioned ecowool, as well as the following materials:

slag;
crushed foam;
sawdust

Bulk materials are convenient because they can be used to insulate even the most hard to reach places. The method is equally effective both in private houses and in apartments on the ground floor.

However, despite its effectiveness, bulk thermal insulation is not widely used, because more modern and easy-to-use insulation materials are available on the market.

Solid thermal insulation

Types of mineral wool by density

Rolls, slabs and mats are most often used for insulation. Such materials have a relatively small thickness - on average up to 100 mm, so the living space when using them is reduced insignificantly.

Typical representatives of the category are mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Mats made from natural plant fibers are also gaining wide popularity.

Liquid thermal insulation

Not very common, but very effective method. The following materials are used:

The quality of such thermal insulation is in no way inferior to slabs, mats and roll materials. However, to spray the compositions it is necessary to use special equipment, which is not in the best possible way is reflected in the cost of work.

Options for floor insulation and instructions for their implementation

Floor insulation options

The procedure for insulating the floor of the first floor will vary depending on whether there is a basement or basement below.

If there is a basement

Floor insulation

If available in the house ground floor or the basement, thermal insulation work must begin with them. First, you must insulate the walls and ceiling of the basement. Secondly, before insulation, surfaces must be properly waterproofed. Otherwise groundwater leak through the walls and destroy the insulation.

If you do not want to dismantle the floor or intend to create the highest quality thermal insulation, use a method whose essence boils down to insulating the basement ceiling.

First step. Lay out and secure the moisture-proof film. Lay strips of film with a 10-15 cm overlap. Be sure to seal the joints with tape.

Second step. Nail the sheathing strips to the waterproofed surface. Select the width of the slats and the spacing of their placement in accordance with the parameters of the insulation used.

Ceiling waterproofing

Third step. Lay slab or roll insulation into the space between the slats. To fix the thermal insulation, use wire or stuff cross slats.

Fourth step. Nail the flooring elements (boards or OSB) to the slats.

Ceiling insulation

After insulating the basement, you can proceed directly to insulating the floor.

First step. Lay the joists and attach the skull blocks to them.

Lay the joists and attach the skull blocks to them

Place on fixed bars wooden boards or OSB. The flooring should be such that there are no even minor gaps at the joints of the elements.

Second step. Cover the flooring with waterproofing film.

Third step. Place the selected insulation on top of the film. Nail the support joists to the base.

Laying thermal and waterproofing

Fourth step. Make another deck from OSB or boards. The gap between the flooring and the insulation should be about 10 mm.

Floor insulation algorithm

If there is no basement

If there is no basement or plinth, the work of insulating the floor will be easier and faster. If there are no mentioned premises, then the floor, as a rule, is located directly on the ground or on the foundation.

In such a situation, the insulation sequence will be as follows.

First step. Remove flooring, if present, to gain access to the foundation or soil. If the floor is made on the ground, carefully level the ground.

Second step. Spread expanded clay onto the base in a 10-15 cm layer. This backfill will provide additional thermal insulation.

Place expanded clay on the base

Third step. We lay the reinforcing layer. An ordinary chain-link mesh will provide the necessary rigidity. Place it on the base.

Reinforcement

Beacons under screed

Fourth step. Make a new tie.

Fifth step. Cover the hardened screed with moisture-proofing film.

Sixth step. Nail the sheathing battens to the base.

Seventh step. Place the selected thermal insulation material in the space between the slats.

Insulation of concrete floor

Eighth step. Install the deck boards and complete the finish to your liking.

Insulation option using a floor heating system

This technique is not insulation in the literal sense of the word, but it allows you to make the room much warmer. The system can be electrical (film, cable) and water.

Types of underfloor heating systems

The easiest to install is a film infrared heated floor. To install it, you simply need to level the base, lay out the film in the required places and connect the system to electricity. The screed is not poured. The key advantages of such a system are the ability to install it under any finishing coating and ease of installation. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost.

Infrared heated floor, installation

Cable flooring is also relatively easy to install and can be combined with most varieties of existing flooring finishes. There is no need to make a screed. The main disadvantage is the high cost of operation.

Cable heated floor

Water heated floors are the most popular. This system is the most economical. It requires preliminary arrangement of waterproofing of the base, laying special mats (it is best to use slabs with so-called bosses, since in this case you will not have to use additional fasteners) and subsequent pouring of the screed.

Technology for laying water heated floors

Warm water floor

How to make a warm water floor

Thus, a wide variety of materials and techniques can be used to insulate the floor of the first floor. Now you are aware of the features of each affordable option and you can make the best choice.

Good luck!

Video - floor insulation above a cold basement

Video - Insulating the floor of the first floor

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How to insulate the floor on the first floor? Various ways to insulate the floor in an apartment

As is known, warm air tends to rise upward, as a result the floor remains the coldest place in the apartment or house. This especially applies to the first floor, under which there is often a basement or subfloor. In our article we will talk about how to insulate the floor on the first floor and more.

The most reliable way to protect against the cold is to use insulation, which can be in the form of blocks, rolls or bulk materials. When deciding on the best way to insulate a floor, you must choose between cost, thermal insulation properties and durability of the material.

Insulation of the basement space

Builders don't really care about airtightness when laying floors. Gaps most often remain in the basement space. You can even see them from the basement. The first thing to do is to seal the cracks in the ceiling. Small holes can be filled with putty from below. In a private house, insulation boards can be glued to the floor from the bottom side.

Polystyrene foam assembly adhesive is suitable here. How to make an insulated floor from below so that the slabs do not lag behind? To do this, they are additionally secured with parachute dowels, and the joints are foamed.

The obvious advantage of this method is that there is no need to break anything. Everything will remain as it was, and the house will become warm.

Insulation of a wooden floor

The old floorboard can be replaced with a new one. If it is in good condition, then the floor is carefully disassembled. In this case, you need to mark the boards so as not to waste time and effort on adjustment later. This is especially true for half-floors. Disassembly is done in order, so that you can put it back together in the same way. The nails are removed carefully so as not to damage the boards. When assembling the floor, it is advisable to use self-tapping screws, which create stronger connections and are easy to remove.

Before insulating the floor on the first floor, the cracks on top must be carefully sealed using polyurethane foam, putties and cement-sand mortar. The joists should be checked with a level and further strengthened. Otherwise, the floorboards will continue to creak as before. IN construction stores There are racks on sale that are screwed into the joists and rest against the ceiling. They can also be made from steel studs.

The floor slabs are tightly laid with mineral wool, which should extend onto the walls. A budget solution is to use mats made of straw or sawdust, but they decompose over time. You can also use expanded clay, foam chips or slag. In principle, any insulation is suitable if it fulfills its functions. A layer of vapor barrier is laid underneath the ceiling to prevent moisture from accumulating, which will significantly deteriorate the properties of the insulation.

How to insulate a floor with polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam

If the floor is covered ceramic tiles or cement screed, it can be insulated using thin sheets of polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam.

Fiberboard is also used and GVL plasterboard. But their thermal insulation properties are much lower.

A layer of vapor barrier is placed on the concrete floor, and a layer of insulation and polyethylene film are placed on it. Then a screed made of cement or a special mixture is laid on top. It must be reinforced with mesh. To compensate for temperature fluctuations, it is laid around the perimeter of the wall. edge tape. A new floor covering is installed on top: tiles, parquet, laminate or linoleum.

Insulating underlay for linoleum

The problem of how to insulate the floor on the first floor can be solved by in a simple way due to linoleum with a backing. It is the most common, cheap, easy-to-install and maintain coating. It is enough to cut it correctly and insert it under the baseboards.

The material consists of layers of patterned PVC, fiberglass and a backing, which is often used as foamed PVC. The same material on both sides prevents the coating from deforming when the temperature changes.

There is also insulation for linoleum floors. It represents the bottom layer, which can be made of jute or fabric.

Additional backing for linoleum

If the coating does not have the necessary protection from the cold from below, then additional substrates are used under the main coating: cork, linen and polystyrene foam. The cork is good insulation, but it can also be used as self-covering. Ordinary plywood or fiberboard also have heat-insulating properties, but the effect will be much greater if an additional layer of expanded polystyrene is placed underneath them. Insulation for floors under linoleum is best laid under plywood or fiberboard.

This is done as follows:

an insulating underlay is laid on a dry and level floor;
plywood is laid and secured to the floor with self-tapping screws;
Linoleum is covered on top and the edges are hidden under a plinth, which protects the substrate from water penetration.

This method is used in rooms with high ceilings.

How to connect a heated floor

Heated floors make it possible to create uniform heat in the room. It is a heating system located under the covering, which gives the most favorable temperature distribution in the room along the height.

The problem of how to insulate the floor on the first floor using electric heating can be solved in one of the following ways:

Infrared film coated with polymer can be installed under any floor covering. It does not require pouring screed.
A resistive cable whose power varies with temperature. It heats cold areas more, and warm areas less. It requires pouring a screed.
Carbon fiber rods mounted on a fiberglass mesh can be filled with ordinary tile adhesive.

After installation, you need to know how to connect the heated floor. This requires a thermostat to which a heating cable is connected. All connections should be made according to the instructions, carefully following all steps.

Water heating is carried out using pipes with circulating hot water. They are laid under the floor or filled with screed. Heating is carried out through copper, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes, which are connected to the space heating system.

Floor heating can be distributed in such a way that individual areas are connected. To do this, a manifold with control valves is placed at the top.

Conclusion

Floors can be insulated by installing heat-insulating materials, used separately or as a backing for floor coverings. Particularly effective are thermal insulation panels from below the floors. When installing them, there is no need to disassemble the floor above. In addition, you can install a heated floor system, which can be autonomous or part of the home heating system.

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How to insulate the floor in an apartment on the first floor with your own hands

How to insulate the floor in an apartment on the ground floor is a question that faces not only owners of private houses, but also residents of the first floors of multi-apartment residential complexes.

After all, cold floors in an apartment are not only discomfort and the possibility of frequent colds, but also additional expenses for energy resources for heating rooms in which active heat loss occurs, because there is no floor insulation in the apartment on the first floor.

Types of thermal insulation materials

To understand how to insulate the floor on the first floor with your own hands, you need to choose the insulation with which this activity will be carried out. There is a huge amount of thermal insulation materials on the construction market, the use of which is possible and even necessary for insulating the floor of the first floor. These materials can be divided into the following types:

The choice of insulation for insulating the floor of the first floor is influenced by the design of the building, which is determined by the presence or absence of a basement and the type of ceiling of the first floor. It can be concrete or wood.

Thermal insulation of concrete floors

Start insulation by installing waterproofing

Concrete flooring is one of the most used types due to its strength, reliability and durability.

But concrete is a material that does not retain heat, and in the presence of cold temperatures outside the room it even contributes to the transfer of cold inside, therefore any structures made of this material require thermal insulation work.

Therefore, insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor in a building with a basement must begin with waterproofing. The process of insulating the floor of the first floor with your own hands involves performing the following operations:

Work must begin with preparing the foundation. Disassemble the old floor structure. Inspect for cracks, chips and other damage to the concrete base. Identified defects must be repaired with a solution and then treated with a special impregnating composition intended for these purposes.
Then a waterproofing device is made, which can be used as an ordinary polyethylene film.
Logs are laid out according to the marks, which are then attached to the concrete base.
Next, the insulation is installed. The bottom layer can be made of bulk materials, which then must be covered with any other type of insulation.
The thermal insulation material is covered with a waterproofing film on top, which should prevent moisture from gaining access to the insulation.

Insulation of the concrete floor of the first floor at this stage enters the finishing works, the implementation of which will no longer be affected by the selected floor thermal insulation scheme.

Thermal insulation of floors over wooden floors

Insulation is placed between the joists

If there is an overlap of wooden flooring Do-it-yourself insulation of the ground floor floor is carried out in the following sequence:

disassembly existing coverage with inspection and condition assessment load-bearing elements designs;
installation of new joists or partial replacement old ones and laying insulation between them with preliminary installation of a waterproofing layer;
Next, a covering of chipboard, plywood or floorboard is also placed over the waterproofing layer.

The wooden floor itself has good thermal insulation properties, but for better and more comfortable living in such a house it is necessary to insulate it.

External insulation

To save heat great importance has external insulation of the house. It can be done in the basement with your own hands, if such an opportunity is provided, that is, there is access to the ceiling.

The insulation can be glued to the ceiling by sealing the seams and joints with foam.

The table shows the thickness of insulation for thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor, depending on the structure of the building and the air temperature.

The basement door also needs to be insulated using expanded polystyrene or mineral wool and polyurethane foam. To learn how to insulate the floor of the first floor, watch this video:

Insulating the floor of the first floor will help create warmth and comfort in both private and panel house, and will also eliminate heat loss through the underground and reduce financial costs for heating the house.

Often the floor in it is built directly on the ground. It's practical and inexpensive solution, but due to the fact that there is contact with cold ground, it is necessary to insulate the concrete floor of the first floor to make it comfortable to use. Today we will tell you how to insulate the first floor floor yourself. Let's look at several options that can be used both at the construction stage and on the finished floor, which was not initially insulated.

In principle, you are free to use whatever your heart desires, focusing on your financial opportunities. Technically, it is possible to use any option. Below is a table with the most common materials used for these purposes.

Table. Review of popular insulation materials.

Name, photo	Short description
	This material can only be used to insulate an already finished floor. Due to the fact that it is soft, installation is allowed only under a joist system (lathing). It is inexpensive, not afraid of rodents, but reacts very strongly with a loss of thermal conductivity when wet, so it needs high-quality hydro- and vapor barrier.
	Depending on the density of the material, it can be used both on the sheathing and under the screed. When surrounded on all sides by concrete, it will be protected from fire. Polystyrene foam is afraid of rodents, which is considered one of the main disadvantages of floor insulation.
	You can insulate with expanded clay in different ways. More often it is arranged as a separate layer, on top of which a reinforced cement screed is made, or it is poured between the joists if the floor is framed. It can also be used as a component concrete mixture when pouring a floor slab.
	A modern solution is to treat the room with liquid polyurethane foam. It is applied in a continuous layer, which means it will not have cold bridges inherent in other insulation materials. The material is not afraid of moisture, is environmentally neutral, weighs little and has low thermal conductivity.

We have already mentioned. This material belongs to the category of lightweight concrete, of which there are many varieties.

This includes: foam concrete, aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete, sawdust concrete or wood concrete, etc. These solutions are also perfect for insulating floors.

Insulating the floor of the 1st floor in an apartment is similar to work in a private house. After all, the owners do not have a warm room below. This means that the problem must be solved radically.

And every owner is concerned about the question of how to properly insulate the floor of a house with their own hands, which is located above a cold basement or subfloor.

In this article we will look at how to independently insulate the first floor floor with different bases.

Scheme 1st floor floor insulation made of wood by laying insulation between the rough and finished floor covering.

Scheme of floor insulation on the first floor of a wooden house

Let us immediately note that for ease of installation and reduction of waste, first calculate the distance between the logs (bars that are intended for laying roofing sheets or floorboards on them). It should be a multiple of the width of the insulation.

Install the floor beams.

Nail bars from below onto these beams to secure the base for laying the insulating material.

Cut from boards OSB sheets or plywood strips of the required width so that they can fit between the beams.

Lay these sheets and screw them using self-tapping screws to the bars. This will be the first level of the false floor.

When insulating private houses, mineral wool is often used

Lay a waterproofing layer from polyethylene film. If this is not done, then when the insulation gets wet, it will be of no use (see article).

Place the insulation itself (the main layer) tightly between the bars in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. with moving joints.

Important! For thermal insulation, it is better to use mineral wool in the form of a roll of suitable width or slabs. As well as polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam.

Also, there is whiter economical option– expanded clay or sawdust. Although they are several times inferior to the above in thermal conductivity and are not resistant to moisture. You can read more about all types of thermal insulation materials in the article on our website.

Insulating the floor of the 1st floor with expanded clay is the most affordable and effective option

Place the waterproofing in a monolithic piece on top of the heat-insulating material on the bars.

Quickly secure the waterproofing layer with a construction stapler.

Lay the vapor barrier sheets one after another without gaps - 10-20 cm, and seal the joints with tape.

Before you begin planking, be sure to leave a gap for ventilation. To do this: Screw blocks (40x100 mm) onto the joists over the waterproofing layer.

Now you can sheathe the joists using any method, i.e. at least plywood, chipboard, floorboard. And lay down the finishing coat. Important! Don't forget to leave expansion joint- approximately 1-2 cm near the walls.

If you still have any questions about how to do it correctly (on the first floor) insulation of floors in the house, video

Insulation of the 1st floor floor with liquid foam

This is what Penoizol looks like

The essence of floor insulation with this material is as follows:

Remove one board or drill small holes.

Fill the space tightly with Penoizol between the joists, which can take any shape.

During the polymerization process, this insulation increases in volume, and its remains come out through the gaps between the floorboards and around the entire perimeter flooring. Thus, the entire space under the boards is insulated, even the smallest cracks.

First floor - floor insulation with concrete base

Remains very relevant to this day 1st floor floor insulation panel house or house with concrete floor. The thermal insulation scheme in this case will differ significantly from previous options.

Here, instead of wooden logs, it is necessary to use denser thermal insulation materials.

Insulation with mineral wool

So let's get started:

Fill any uneven areas on the concrete base with fine sand. Otherwise, during loading, the thermal insulation material may change shape. In addition, for this you can use expanded clay, which simultaneously performs several functions: levels, raises required height and insulates the base.

Expanded clay not only insulates, but levels and raises the base of the floor

Attach damper tape around the perimeter of the room using self-tapping screws or self-adhesive tape. It is necessary to increase sound insulation and preserve the expansion joint.

Place it on the floor waterproofing film with throwing on each other and on the walls.

Seal the seams with tape.

Important! To insulate the floor of the first floor with concrete base It’s better to use penoplex (extruded polystyrene foam), because it is highly durable and has excellent thermal insulation parameters. However, you can also use dense varieties of foam and mineral wool.

Floor insulation with polystyrene

Place the insulation sheets tightly against each other. There is no need to attach them to the base of the floor!

Install beacon profiles to create a flat surface. For this:

Mix the leveling solution by adding plasticizer and fiberglass.

Spread this solution along the perimeter of the floor with a reserve and level it using beacon profiles, which you level and fix with self-tapping screws. Read more about insulation of the floor of the 1st floor, the base is concrete, you can read the article on our website.

Insulation of heated floors

If you have, but you want to make the room even warmer, then you can install a “warm floor” from the boiler. This is if you live in a private house.

Heated floor construction on the first floor

If you live in a city apartment, then floor insulation on the first floor install electric floor heating. Install the heating under the screed or in the tile adhesive during its installation.

Installation of metal-plastic pipes in a screed

Insulation of frame floors - on the ground

Most people living in private houses build their floors on the ground. This option is appropriate for buildings without basements, while it attracts attention due to its simple technology DIY floor insulation at home and low cost of construction.

Floor diagram of the first floor on the ground

Important! On the ground floor, floor insulation over the ground must be carried out at the construction stage, and the thickness of the heat-insulating material, the need for heating, etc. must be pre-calculated. By the way, required thickness sealant is determined by calculation according to SNiP 23-02-2003. However, it does not recommend making it less than 5 cm.

Instructions frame floor insulation on the ground on the first floor it looks like this:

Remove soft and fertile layers of soil.

Make a “pillow” of coarse crushed stone and sand, carefully compressing it in layers. Important! Do not forget that there should be a layer of sand on top of the crushed stone - approximately 10 cm.

To prepare the base, you can first pour a reinforced concrete slab - approximately 8-12 cm. Although this is not necessary.

Lay the penoplex on the sand, because does not absorb moisture and is always highly effective, even in humid conditions.

Important! The density of the thermal insulation material used must be greater than 35 kg/m3. And when using insulation materials that have high moisture absorption capacity, be sure to protect them on both sides waterproofing layer.

Insulation of frame floors

Lay damper tape around the perimeter of the walls. Important! The subfloor should not be connected to the structure of the house. That is, it must act as a separate element. This will allow the base of the floor to change its position with the inevitable shrinkage of the building.

With an overlap on the walls and hermetically sealed with a vapor barrier gasket or polyethylene foam.

More details on how to do this in frame houseDIY floor insulation, video-Instructions can be found here:

Insulation of the ground floor floor with an unheated basement

How to insulate the floor on the 1st floor if there is a cold basement underneath? In this case, layers of thermal insulation material must be laid as follows:

Dry screed is attached to expanded clay sand in 2 layers

Align to concrete slab all uneven areas with fine sand.

Lay foam boards.

Cover the top of the insulation with plastic film.

Make any screed. Concrete, dry or cement-sand (see article).

The screed is ready. Apply any type of topcoat.

Finally, we note that there are cases when it is impossible to do in an apartment on first floor e floor insulation. For example, if there was a renovation not long ago. Then, in order to insulate the floor on the 1st floor, you need access to the ceiling in the basement and, of course, the consent of the neighbors.

Sheathing thermal insulation material ceiling in the basement

First, glue foam, mineral wool or polystyrene foam to a special glue.

Fix the insulation onto 4 or 5 umbrella dowels. Their top need not be covered with anything. However, if your basement is experiencing high humidity, then - do waterproofing.

How to do with different bases insulation of floors in the house video-Instructions can be found here: