Concrete floor on the ground in a private house is a well-known universal way arrangement of reliable and warm base. Through the use of new types of insulation, we get good thermal insulation the entire floor, which leads to a reduction in the cost of public Utilities. And also the insulation is an obstacle to the penetration of moisture and the appearance of fungus and mold.
And the most important thing is that this species you can build the floor with your own hands. In this article we will analyze all the advantages and disadvantages. Consider in detail the arrangement of the floor on the ground.
Floor on the ground: the pros and cons
Let's start with the fact that this type of floor is a "layer cake". And each layer has its own functions and purpose, thanks to such a device, the floor on the ground has a number of advantages:
There are not many disadvantages, but they are all there:
Cannot be used on loose ground.
How to make the right floor construction on the ground
We will consider the correct classic floor structure, which will consist of 9 layers. We will analyze each layer separately.
It’s worth saying right away that for each master and specialist, the number of layers can change, and the materials can also differ.
This type of flooring is ideal for tape type foundation. The average thickness of the “floor pie” is approximately 60-70 cm. This should be taken into account when building the foundation.
If you do not have enough foundation height, then select the soil, to a given depth. Level the surface and tamp. For convenience, in the corners around the entire perimeter, a scale should be applied in increments of 5 cm, so it will be more convenient to navigate in layers and levels.
It is important that for compacting the soil it is best to rent a vibrating plate, since manual way will take a lot of time and will not give such results as a special device.
Clay. If during the sampling of the earth you have reached a layer of clay, then you should not fill in a new one. The layer thickness must be at least 10 cm. 
Clay is sold in bags, we pour it out and moisten it with a special solution (4 liters of water + 1 teaspoon liquid glass), and ramming is carried out using a vibrating plate. After tamping, we spill a layer of clay with cement milk (10 liters of water + 2 kg of cement).
We make sure that there are no puddles. As soon as you spill clay with this composition, the process of glass crystallization begins.
You should not do anything for a day, it is worth waiting for the crystallization process to seize, and it will end in about 14-16 days. This layer prevents the main flow of water from the ground.
Layer of waterproofing material. The purpose of this layer is to protect the insulation from moisture. You can use roofing material, polymer-bitumen materials, PVC membranes and polyethylene film not less than 0.4 mm thick.
In the case of using roofing material, it is preferable to lay it in two layers, on liquid bitumen. Lay waterproofing overlap with each other and on the walls.
Between themselves 10-15 cm, and on the walls to the height of the floor level. The seams must be glued with construction tape. Walking on waterproofing material should be in soft shoes.
insulation+ layer of vapor barrier. Most best material for insulation, it is extruded polystyrene foam (EPS). For reference, EPPS 5 cm thick can replace a 70 cm layer of expanded clay.
But so, you can use perlite concrete and sawdust concrete. Insulation sheets are laid without joints, so that one plane is formed.
The thickness is determined depending on the region, the recommended thickness of the insulation is 5-10 cm. Some use mats 5 cm thick, and lay two layers, with offset seams, and glue the upper seams with special adhesive tape.
In order to remove cold bridges from the foundation or basement, the insulation is laid vertically and fastened with dowels with inside. Experts recommend insulating the basement from the outside, with one sheet of insulation and also fixing it with dowels. 
On top of the insulation should be laid a layer of vapor barrier. As vapor barrier material it is best to use PVC membranes, they do not rot and have long term operation. The disadvantage of this material is the high cost.
The main task of the vapor barrier material is to protect the insulation from the harmful alkaline effects. concrete mortar. The material is laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm and glued with construction tape.
We make smoothing with the help of a rule or a vibrating screed. As soon as the solution dries, the beacons should be removed, and the cavities filled with a solution.
The entire concrete floor should be covered with a film and watered periodically. In a month, the concrete will gain full strength. To pour concrete with my own hands, I make a solution of the following composition: cement + river sand in a ratio of 1 to 3.
In the case of using underfloor heating technology, water or electric. Be sure to mount the rough floor screed on the ground. 
After laying the insulation, pipes or wires are laid. Then we fill the cavities with concrete, lay the reinforcing elements and continue pouring concrete to a predetermined level.
The technology of floors on the ground can be used not only in brick and stone houses, but so, the same in houses made of wood. At right approach and correct calculations, the layers do not harm the wooden elements.
Finishing flooring . Received concrete surface suitable for any type of fine flooring. It all depends on your preferences and financial capabilities.
As mentioned above, the combination of components, and the number of layers may be different. It all depends on your finances and capabilities.
Conclusion
As we all know, from 20 to 30% of heat can go through the floor. In cases where there is no “warm floor” system, the floors should be as thermally insulated as possible, and this in turn increases the energy efficiency of the entire house.
The owner of a private house receives comfort, coziness and savings on utility bills. Floors on the ground with insulation are a highly effective and long-term choice for every owner.
In your home, you may need a water heated floor on the ground. Subject to compliance with existing SNiP, you can do the work yourself, from backfilling to finishing screed, followed by flooring.
Is it possible to make a water floor on the ground
A pie of a water-heated floor on the ground can be performed provided that the method of installing a heating system using a concrete screed is used. Laying allows you to simultaneously achieve several goals: to make a rough floor and prepare the base for the finish coat.The design of a water heated floor on the ground provides for the work that is usually used for the preparation of a concrete slab in industrial and residential buildings. The result of the work largely depends on the achievement of several tasks:
- Providing reliable thermal insulation that prevents freezing of the floor.
- Protection of the premises from the appearance of dampness.
- Prevention of cracking of the slab after several years of operation.
What "pie" should be under the warm floor
The layout of the floor on the ground is somewhat different from the usual pie used to install the heating system on an already prepared base. The following stages of work are carried out:
To make a water floor on the ground with your own hands, it will take time from 20 days to 1.5 months. You can speed up the installation process by ordering ready-made cement mixtures.
The main mistakes when installing a water floor on the ground
When performing work on bulk soil, it is easy to make mistakes that lead to the destruction of the slab in the future. Requires strict adherence phased production floor water heating pie, starting from the ground. It would be optimal to preliminarily perform a heat engineering calculation that allows you to accurately determine the thickness of the powder, thermal insulation and the power of the heating system.
Common mistakes during installation are:
- Violations of the technology of installing a warm water floor on the ground. The absence of compensation gaps in the slab, poorly performed work on tamping the powder, improperly laid waterproofing, subsequently become the cause of freezing of the screed, accumulation of condensate and dampness in the room.
- Be sure to sprinkle sand on the soil base before crushed stone. In this case, any type of raw material can be used, but coarse river sand will be optimal. The minimum soil density after compaction depends on the weather and atmospheric conditions of the area and is calculated according to special tables.
Outwardly similar to the slab foundation, the floor construction on the ground is less massive and cheaper to manufacture. Instead of two reinforcing meshes, one wire mesh is used, stiffeners are needed only under heavy partitions. Ground floor is not load-bearing structure, created exclusively for the installation of floor coverings.
Layered scheme of the floor on the ground.
V classical scheme concrete floor on the ground laid the correct and complete cake of several layers with insulation:
- sand;
- geotextile;
- crushed stone layer 0.4 m;
- footing;
- waterproofing;
- insulation;
- concrete screed with wire mesh in its lower third, separated from the basement, grillage or foundation by a damper tape around the perimeter.
Depending on the layout of the building, soil conditions and compliance with technology, the composition of the floor on the ground may vary. For example, on coarse sandy soil, sand and geotextiles are not needed.
The footing can be replaced with a leveling layer of sand on top of the rubble. To reduce the construction budget, foundations are often not poured under partitions, so stiffening ribs reinforced with reinforcing cages appear in the floors along the ground. In any case, before starting the production of a floating screed, it is necessary to prepare the existing foundation and plan it in a single horizontal level.
Foundation preparation
Despite the fact that concrete is the most durable structural material, swelling of the soil and subsidence of the base are dangerous for the screed. Therefore, the arable layer in the development spot should be completely removed: black soil or gray soil is saturated with organic matter, which will rot, after which the whole cake will sag, and, unevenly in some areas, cracks will open in the screed or the concrete floor will be destroyed along the ground.
For communications, it is necessary to dig trenches with a slope, bring them outside the foundation and near the walls inside the house.
Distribution of engineering systems.
Important! The correct floor on the ground is made in the form of a floating screed, separated from the foundation elements and plinths by a damper layer. It is forbidden to rest the slab on the protruding parts of these structures.
Separating layer
In order to avoid mutual mixing of the layers of the floor cake on the ground with the soil of the base, the pit is lined nonwoven fabric(geotextile or dornite). The edges of the separating layer web run on side surface and pressed against a brick, wall blocks. Optional feature geotextile is to prevent the germination of weed roots through the concrete floor on the ground during operation.
Advice! Under the floating screed, geotextiles with a density of 100 g / m 2 or more can be laid, since the design is considered not responsible, in contrast to slab foundations, for which needle-punched material with a density of 200 g / m 2 or more is required.
Underlayment
The concrete floor pie on the ground must rest on a hard layer to avoid subsidence of the soil. Therefore, depending on the soil conditions, non-metallic materials are used:
Less commonly used natural soil (coarse sand or gravel soil). If the developer has expanded clay after the dismantling of the building or this material is cheaper in the region than crushed stone, this material is also suitable as an underlying layer.
Advice! A prerequisite is a high-quality compaction of every 15 cm of the underlying layer with a vibrating plate or manual rammer. Spilling sand with water is not recommended, the material should be moistened from a watering can before backfilling and compaction.
Footing
The classic floor pie on concrete soil includes a screed-concrete from a lean mixture of B7.5. It is necessary to solve several problems:
However, to reduce the construction budget, the footing is replaced with other technologies:
Important! The footing is not reinforced, but is necessarily separated from the elements of the foundation or base along the perimeter with a damper layer (pieces of expanded polystyrene on the edge or a special tape).
Waterproofing and insulation
At the next stage, the cake must be isolated from moisture, to prevent heat loss in the floors and to keep the geothermal heat under the building. For this, waterproofing and insulation are used. Their mutual arrangement inside the construction pie is the following:
The main mistake of developers is laying vapor barrier over polystyrene foam:
- the air temperature in the room is always higher than in the soil under the screed (valid for heated rooms);
- therefore, when laying a floor covering that does not have vapor barrier properties (flooring board, parquet, cork), the steam direction will always be from top to bottom;
- the vapor barrier membrane will accumulate moisture on the surface, inside the cake, at the insulation / concrete border;
- the screed will collapse and the wire mesh inside it will corrode.
In addition to an unreasonable increase in the construction budget, this scheme does not provide any advantages. The accumulation of harmful gas - radon under the floors on the ground is impossible, since there is no underground in this design.
The following materials can be used as waterproofing:
- built-up roll - TechnoNIKOL, Gidrostekloizol, Bikrost or roofing material;
- film - made of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene;
- membranes have high density and strength, can be laid without making footings.
- Admix mixture - an additive is added to concrete during mixing, structural material becomes waterproof;
- Penetron - the floor on the ground is processed AFTER concreting, the effect is similar to the previous one.
For these waterproofing materials, footing is also not needed.
Of all existing heaters the best option for the floor on the ground is high-density extruded polystyrene foam grades XPS or XPS (for example, Penoplex). The thickness of the layer depends on the climate of the region of operation, it is 5 - 20 cm. The sheets are stacked with mixing joints in adjacent rows, big gaps are filled with polyurethane foam similar in properties.
damper layer
Floors on the ground must not be rigidly connected to the elements of the basement or foundation, therefore, along the perimeter, it is necessary to install strips of polystyrene foam on the edge, pressing them to the vertical enclosing structures. However, more often a special damper tape made of latex, rubber or foamed polymers with an adhesive layer is glued to the walls.
Important! The height of the cutting layer should be slightly higher than the thickness of the floating screed. After the concrete has hardened, the material is cut off with a knife, the junctions are decorated with a plinth after laying the floor covering.
floating screed
The main nuances of concreting the floor on the ground are:
- it is recommended to fill in one step;
- plots larger than 50 m 2 (relevant for studio rooms, sheds and garages) should be separated by a special corner to create expansion joints;
- internal bearing walls and heavy partitions must be erected on a separate foundation;
- partitions from GKL / GVL must be erected partially so that when the screed dries, the moisture is not absorbed into the drywall or gypsum fiber sheet, destroying these materials;
- fill is preferable plaster beacons or profiles for GKL systems installed in a single horizontal level on quick-drying putty solutions;
- screed thickness 5 - 20 cm, depending on the operational loads and the planned floor covering, as well as the need to install underfloor heating pipes.
Partial construction of plasterboard partitions is carried out according to the technology:
- installation of racks and horizontal jumpers;
- sheathing them at the junctions of the floor along the ground with plasterboard strips 10–20 cm high along the entire length.
Can be used for ground floor ready-mixed concrete B12.5 and above, the filler is gravel, dolomite or crushed granite. The screed is reinforced at the lower level with wire mesh.
Important! If the technology is broken, heavy partitions are planned to be supported on a screed, in places where they pass, stiffeners are needed, which are created by analogy with the UShP slab (insulated Swedish foundation floating slab).
Reinforcement of the floor on the ground
The industry produces VR welded wire mesh according to GOST 8478 from 5 mm wire with a square cell of 10–20 cm. high flow knitting wire and increased labor intensity. Grids are laid according to the technology:
Unlike reinforcing mesh, wire cards have a much lower rigidity; walking on them when laying the mixture is strictly prohibited. Therefore, the following methods are used:
- ladders - halves of bricks are laid in the cells of the grid, on which the boards are supported, moved along with the gaskets as the structure is ready;
- "paths" - concrete piles up from the entrance of the room to the far corner, after which, you can walk along these paths without shifting the grid.
V small rooms usually grid maps of a suitable size are used. If the room has complex configuration, you need to cut additional pieces. In this case, and when reinforcing large areas, the overlap of cards / rolls is at least one cell.
Stiffening ribs under partitions
To create stiffening ribs under the partitions, intermittent laying of extruded polystyrene foam or its top layer is used. In the resulting voids fit reinforcing cages from square clamps (smooth reinforcement 4 - 6 mm) and longitudinal rods ("corrugated" 8 - 12 mm).
Underfloor heating contours
Underfloor heating is used to reduce energy consumption in the heating boiler and increase living comfort. Their contours can be built into the screed by laying the pipes directly on the reinforcing mesh.
To connect to the collectors, the underfloor heating pipes are brought out near the wall. In this place they must be pasted over with a damper tape. Similar technology expansion joint necessary for all communications passing through the screed (heating risers, hot water / cold water).
Thus, the composition of the floor on the ground can be modified depending on the construction budget and specific operational and soil conditions.
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V last years many people leave noisy metropolitan areas, erecting private houses outside the city. Houses built from natural materials are especially popular. After concrete walls apartments life in a wooden house seems like a paradise. Due to the availability of materials, the construction of such houses is much cheaper, and the healthy microclimate created natural material makes it easier to breathe.
But what to do if a wooden house has already been built, and underfoot instead of the usual concrete base- dirt floor? In this case, it is advisable to install underfloor heating, laid in concrete screed, and working from the boiler. And as finish coat in a wooden house, use laminate or porcelain stoneware tiles, since these materials are the best conductors of heat. In this way, it will be possible to make your home warm and cozy, as close as possible to the comfort of a city apartment.
Features of a warm floor on the ground
In a wooden private house are increasingly used alternative systems heating, which include underfloor heating, laid under the laminate.
Moreover, it is water systems that are most popular, allowing significant savings on energy consumption.
Having equipped a dry warm water floor under a laminate on the ground in a wooden private house, you can significantly reduce the cost of building a foundation, and put the house into operation faster, providing high level comfort.
It is very important that such heating has a high degree of durability. Therefore, the only way to install it is to install the pipes of the system in a concrete screed.
Despite the apparent complexity of the work on the organization of such heating, it is quite possible to organize it independently, carrying out work in several stages.
When arranging heating on the ground in the house, it is necessary to achieve the following results:
Underfloor heating cake on the ground
Comply with everything necessary requirements and ensure rational use the “warm water floor” system in the house, powered by a boiler, is helped by a special multi-layer structure laid under the laminate. So what layers does the pie of the system, equipped on the ground, and working from a common heating boiler, consist of?
Before proceeding to direct work in the house associated with laying layers on the dirt floor, it is necessary on the surface of the walls around the entire perimeter of the room in log house draw a control line. This stage is necessary in order to adjust each layer of the cake.
Only then can you move on to next steps works, allowing you to eventually get a dry and warm floor.
Underfloor heating cake on the ground
Laying an insulating pad
The organization of heating in the form of a water heated floor on the ground, powered by a boiler, requires preliminary insulation- pillows. And its first layer should be dry river sand of a large fraction.
It is poured onto the waterproofing covering the soil floor with a layer equal to 15 cm, after which it is carefully compacted wet way. If the sand is not compacted, then in further soil may sag.
If groundwater is located close, then first the earthen floors must be provided with a drainage system.
The next step will be laying a pillow of large gravel or expanded clay. Moreover, it is preferable to use crushed stone, since it has a very low degree of thermal conductivity, which means it will more effectively retain heat inside the cake.
It should be borne in mind that the thickness of the pillow for the “warm floor” system, together with sand, should not exceed 30 cm.
Pouring a rough screed
To increase the strength of the structure, before proceeding with the pouring of the rough screed, it is necessary to lay a reinforcing mesh. Also when installing a water floor heating in a wooden house must be guided general requirements to the length of the pipeline in the circuit: it should not exceed 100 m. Therefore, if the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is large, the floor must be divided into sections, laying a damper tape around their perimeter.
The thickness of the rough screed should be 10-15 cm. It is possible to eliminate cracking of the rough screed when arranging heating on the ground under the laminate if you wet it daily with water, covering it with plastic wrap in this form. Such manipulations must be carried out within a week.
Laying waterproofing
To get a dry warm floor, on it rough surface fit waterproofing layer, which can be an ordinary polyethylene film with a thickness of 250 microns. However, PVC membranes will handle this function more effectively. It should be noted that along the perimeter of the entire room it is necessary to make an allowance for the walls equal to 15 cm, fixing it with construction tape. They also glue all the joints of the film. Excess waterproofing is removed after all work is completed.
Laying thermal insulation
To get a dry and warm floor in a private house allows laying a heat-insulating layer. This minimizes heat loss. Styrofoam or extruded polystyrene plates with a thickness of 5 cm to 10 cm can be laid as thermal insulation. The latter option is preferable.
Insulation of the base before laying pipes
Laying water circuits and finishing screed
It is necessary to lay a reinforcing mesh on the heat-insulating layer, which in this case will perform two functions:
The contours of the warm floor on the ground, laid under the laminate, may consist of various pipes. But the most popular are pipes made of metal-plastic and cross-linked polyethylene. Underfloor heating circuits are laid with a snake or snail, observing a certain step between the turns of the system.
Regardless of the method of laying the circuits and their number, they are all connected to a collector, which is installed on the wall in close proximity to the floor. Next, the system is pressure tested and tested for thermal stability.
For the preparation of a cement-sand mixture, cement grade M100 is used. And the mixture itself is prepared by mixing with sand in proportions of 1: 3. The drying time of the finished floor is about 28 days, after which it will be possible to lay the laminate. You can reduce the waiting time if you use the dry method of laying the mixture.
When installing several water circuits laid under the laminate, it is necessary to use expansion joints created by separating sections of the room with a damper tape.
How to install a heating boiler
The most important stage in the organization of heating in a private house is the installation of a boiler of a certain power, which should be determined based on the total power of all circuits of a warm water floor and a margin equal to 15-20%.
The circulation of the coolant in the system is carried out using a pump, which can be included in the boiler package or purchased separately. If the area of the house exceeds 150 m², additional pumping equipment is installed in manifold cabinets.
It should be noted that when installing several floor heating circuits, it is advisable to install two collectors - one for the supply of coolant, and the other for its intake.
At the same time, shut-off valves must be installed at each outlet from the collector, which will allow disconnecting individual circuits from the system.
To eliminate the need to drain the coolant from the system during the repair work, shut-off valves are installed at the inlet and outlet of the boiler.
When the “warm water floor” system under the laminate is fully assembled and connected to the collector, all that remains is to connect the collector pipes to the pipes of the heating boiler.
The piping of the heating boiler must be carried out in accordance with the drawing, and the pipelines must be connected using factory parts.
Video: Tying a wall-mounted boiler
Most developers, when choosing a ground floor floor design, consider two options. The first is reinforced concrete slabs.
Second - wooden beams(lags). The fact that you can make a high-quality and inexpensive floor on the ground, many do not know.
Meanwhile, this design cannot be called new. It began to be used after the invention artificial stone called concrete.
We will talk about what constitutes a floor covering on bulk soil, what are its pros and cons, in this article.
At its core, the floor on the ground is a "pillow" of fine gravel or expanded clay, on which lies a reinforced slab of monolithic concrete. Ballast bedding performs two tasks:
- raises the level of coverage to a predetermined height;
- transfers the weight of the structure to the ground.
From soil moisture and heat loss, the floor is protected by a heater laid on a waterproofing layer.
The bearing basis of such a coating is a layer of soil. Therefore, the main risk factors when arranging a floor on the ground in a private house are frost heaving and moisture. The first threat is blocked by insulating the base of the foundation from the outside with sheet foam. It cuts off the cold bridge that causes water to freeze.
It should be noted that at permanent residence in the house, the temperature of the soil under it never drops below zero degrees. If the building is empty in winter, then the forces of frost heaving can cause cracks in the concrete screed and deform it. In this case, insulation of the basement is indispensable.
Protection from soil moisture - a relatively simple measure only at low levels ground water(2-3 meters). on raw and swampy areas it is better to refuse the device of such coverage. The cost of waterproofing and strengthening the foundation in this case increases significantly.
For pile and columnar foundations slab on the ground - not the best solution. In this case, the cost of protecting the bedding from frost is higher than when using the foundation "tape".
Construction technology
There are two ways to install floors on the ground:
- Concrete preparation;
- Without a draft layer of concrete directly on the compacted base (cushion).
The first method is rarely used today. It was developed at a time when roofing material was used to protect the floor from moisture. For its gluing, a layer of concrete preparation was made (rough floor).
The second option is easier and cheaper. Modern waterproofing materials can be laid directly on the ballast without sticking to a solid base.
The process of constructing a concrete floor on the ground begins with the filling of the underlying layer. Before this, the laying of water supply and sewerage networks must be completed.
Any well-compacted soil can be used for backfilling. For this, small gravel (fraction 5-10 mm), coarse river sand or Sand and gravel. The pillow is poured in layers of 15 cm, spilling each with water and compacting with a manual or mechanical rammer.
Compaction of bedding with vibrotamper
To improve thermal insulation, the upper level of the pillow can be made of expanded clay gravel (10 cm). The total thickness of the ballast "pie" should be in the range from 30 to 40 cm.
Film waterproofing, laid under the insulation, needs to be protected from damage by sharp gravel and crushing with expanded clay. Therefore, the backfill is completed with a 5-centimeter layer of compacted sand. The thickness of the film laid on the ground must be at least 0.4 mm.
When laying the film insulation, its strips are spread with an overlap of 10-15 cm, fixing them with construction tape. The edges are laid on the masonry, to a height equal to the total thickness of the insulation, concrete screed and finish coating. A thermal gap 2-3 cm wide is left between the constructive "pie" of the floor, the walls, and partitions. It is filled with scraps of polyethylene foam or a special thermal tape.
To insulate the base, you can use EPS (extruded polystyrene foam), sawdust concrete or perlite concrete. Often, waterproofing under the foam is not laid, since it practically does not absorb moisture. From above it is covered with a polymer film. It protects the insulation from destructive action. alkaline environment cement mortar.
Under lightweight concrete on sawdust and perlite, a plastic film is needed. The thickness of the listed heat insulators is not the same. For EPPS, it is 50 mm. The layer of sawdust and perlite concrete must be at least 10 cm.
Having laid the thermal insulation, a concrete screed is made on its surface on a fine-grained filler (fraction 5-10 mm, thickness 10 cm). The work is carried out in two stages. First, a layer 5 cm thick is poured and laid on it steel mesh(cell 10x10 cm, wire diameter 3-4 mm). After that, the thickness of the screed is adjusted to the design level, determined by the calculation of the expected loads. Recommended concrete class B12.5.
That's how they get proper pie floors on the ground at a low level of soil water. Rough concrete preparation for hard insulation is not done. There is no real benefit from it, and the increase in the cost of 1m2 finished construction very tangible.
Installation of a heating system (warm floor) changes the technology and sequence of work. In this case, first, a draft is poured over a compacted pillow. concrete preparation and lay out a layer of waterproofing. Having laid the insulation (EPS), pipes are fixed to it and a leveling screed is made of concrete. Reinforcing mesh is laid over pipes or heating cable.
In passing, we note that floors on the ground can be made not only in brick, block, but also in wooden houses. With a competent approach, ballast backfill does not negative impact on wood.
One of the options for the correct pairing of such a design with chopped walls is shown in the diagram below.
Pairing node with a wooden wall
With low GWL concrete slab, lying on clay or on a layer of compacted waterproofed bedding, is made in basements. This is a very common option in cottage construction.
Before the screed device, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room must be divided into strips 80-100 cm wide with a steel U-shaped profile or wooden lighthouse boards placed on edge. The damper tape is attached to the walls before the start of pouring so that it protrudes 1.5-2 cm above the design mark of the finished surface.
Concrete pouring starts from the far end of the room and moves to the front door.
Laying is carried out in stripes, filling the cells slightly above their level. For leveling, use a vibrating screed or metal rule, moving it around the lighthouses.
After letting the mixture dry, beacons are removed from it, filling the formed seams with fresh concrete. After that, the concrete is covered with a film and given 4 weeks to gain strength, periodically moistening with water.
Design pros and cons
When planning to make a floor on the ground, you need to know what its advantages are over other types of bases:
- Acceptable cost;
- Readiness of the basis for laying of any floor coverings;
- There is no need to ventilate the underground space to avoid the appearance of fungus;
- Greater durability compared to wooden and reinforced concrete floors.
The disadvantages of this construct include:
- Loss of usable room height (up to 60 cm);
- The complexity of waterproofing works at high GWL;
- Poor compatibility with columnar and pile foundations;
- The high cost of repairing hidden communications.
