Plumbing fixtures for the bathroom and toilet are determined by style (classic, modern, high-tech), size and functional features, includes a standard set of products:

• Bathtubs (acrylic, cast iron, steel, marble and wood) with rectangular, corner and oval shapes, up to 135...190 cm long;
• Toilet bowls are floor-mounted, wall-hung and wall-mounted, with a “compact”, “monoblock” design, without a tank. Models with side, rear and bottom water supply, horizontal, vertical and oblique outlet.
• Shower cabins of open and closed type, in a simple and multifunctional design.
• Angular, oval, rectangular and round shape made of earthenware, porcelain and glass. Mounting types: pedestal, overhead and suspended.
• Faucets for sinks, sinks and showers. Single-lever and two-valve models with long and short spout.

Bathtub - types and sizes

Cast iron models

Cast iron bathtubs have a number of positive characteristics:

• optimal combination of price and quality;
• duration of operation;
• stability and practicality in use;
• thermal insulation characteristics.

Bowls of small, medium or large dimensions are represented by the following parameters:

• Small structures 1200x700 mm save space. But you won’t be able to lie down in the bath, which is explained by the average height of people - 165 cm.
• Dimensions 130x70 are considered small, but they are produced to order.
• The size 140x70 cm is an ideal option for non-standard bathroom dimensions.
• 150x70 - average parameters for bathtubs with different widths and shapes.
• Large models 170x70 cm - perfect option for modern premises.
• 185x85 – large bowls, comfortable and convenient, suitable for rooms with non-standard dimensions.

Additional accessories include handles that provide ease of movement in the bathroom. Many manufacturers develop custom bathtubs up to 200 cm long and 100 cm wide.

Steel baths

Choice budget option It is characterized by its light weight (up to 30 kg) and a wall thickness of approximately 3 mm. Coating steel bath comparable in quality to a cast iron bathtub. Negative characteristics include thin walls of structures that bend under the weight of users, which negatively affects the service life of the enamel coating and low noise insulation. In order to increase the level of sound absorption, experts recommend installing rubber gaskets. Choosing high-quality faucets will reduce the noise level from the flow of water in the bath.

The dimensions of the structures are presented in the following range:

• length 150 - 180 cm;
• width 70 - 85 cm;
• depth - 65 cm.

Attention! The width of the selected bathtub is selected taking into account the distance to the sides of 5 cm on all sides. Regarding the depth, optimal parameter is 50-60 cm.

Acrylic bathtubs

Acrylic structures are distinguished by their lightness, convenience and quality of material, as well as other positive characteristics:

• resistance to temperature changes and bactericidal effects;
• ease of installation due to light weight;
• wide palette of colors.

Standard combined bathtubs have dimensions: 145x250 cm, 195x172 cm, the most popular models are represented by a number of parameters:

• Length – 140, 150, 185 cm.
• Width – 90, 100, 105 – 135 cm.

The coating of acrylic bathtubs is vulnerable. Please remember that any sharp objects or cleaning agents will cause scratches on the surface.

Bathtubs with triangular bowl

Product parameters:

• Depth varies between 48 - 65 cm.
• The size of the sides of the “triangle” is 150 - 180 cm.
• Capacity - up to 400 l. If there are anatomical niches, recesses, protrusions or armrests, the volume changes.

Negative characteristics include large width, which complicates the cleaning process.

Wooden bath

To develop models, a single piece of oak is used. TO unique properties oak include increasing the strength of the product during prolonged exposure to water.

Sinks and washbasins

Based on the method of installing the mixer, there are designs with and without a hole. When choosing a given type of design, you should figure out where the mixer will be placed - on the sink, wall surface or together with the bathtub.

Classification by installation method

The models on the market are divided into a number of categories:

• hanging,
• on a pedestal (tulip);
• invoices;
• built-in

Hanging models (console sinks) are fixed to the wall surface with special brackets. The mixer can be installed on a sink or wall. The disadvantages include the impossibility of hidden installation of a siphon and water fittings. The optimal solution It is advisable to place a small bedside table under the sink, which allows you to save space in a small room and place all the necessary items. Hanging flat sinks are designed for installation above the washing machine. The sewer outlet is located not at the bottom, but on the rear wall.

Overhead sinks are installed on a countertop, cabinet, pedestal or semi-pedestal. A number of models are supplied with pedestals included. The specified fixation method provides efficient use space, since the sink can be placed on the left and right side, be in the center. TO positive characteristics include ease of wiring and installation, ease of use and space saving. The disadvantages include the lack of a hole for the mixer. Before purchasing a countertop sink, you should decide where to install the faucet - on the countertop, under the sink or in the wall.

Washbasins on a pedestal (tulip) differ from wall-hung products by including a stand (leg) that hides the siphon and pipes and provides additional support. There are monolithic and separate stands. The height of the set is 700-800 mm, which should be kept in mind when purchasing them. To increase the height, experts recommend installing a pedestal under the stand. A model with a semi-pedestal will provide a smaller height. The difference lies in the installation of the pedestal not on the floor, but on the wall, like the sink itself. The use of such a semi-pedestal helps to adjust the height of the sink. The disadvantage is the sewerage outlet at a given height.

Built-in sinks (moidodyr) are cut into the countertop of the cabinet, which eliminates the need to fix the sink to the wall. The bedside table contributes hidden installation communications.

Material for making shells

The material used in the production of sinks is:

• ceramics;
• a natural stone;
• composites;
• Corian;
• glass;
• metal.

Porcelain or earthenware sinks are in high demand. They differ in firing technology. Earthenware is characterized by high moisture-absorbing properties (10%), which leads to the loss of original characteristics during operation and cracks appear on the enamel. The service life is 10-15 years. High quality and the cost of porcelain is achieved due to its low porosity and smooth surface. Porcelain production technology contributes to its dense structure and less moisture absorption. The service life varies from 30 years. Porcelain sinks retain their glaze longer, are easier to clean and retain their original appearance.

Marble structures are distinguished by their high price and abundance of material textures. The natural characteristics of the material contribute to the formation of pores and microcracks where dirt collects, which requires more attention and careful maintenance.

Composite materials are similar in external characteristics to analogues from natural stone, but differ in the availability of material. The smooth surface of the sinks prevents contamination and is easy to clean.

Corian is a durable artificial composite that includes mineral filler, acrylic resin and pigment. The pigment allows you to give the sink any color. The material is characterized by ease of processing, providing the ability to create a variety of shapes. The structures are characterized by increased impact resistance and smooth coating for ease of cleaning.

Glass is characterized by high cost and resistance to impacts. During use, stains remain on the transparent surface. Glass sinks help to visually increase the space; they combine well with metal elements. Glass thickness varies from 15 to 19 mm.

Metal products are developed from copper (and alloys - brass, bronze), stainless steel, steel. Designs provide long-term operation, but require careful care, excluding the formation of scratches from abrasives on the surface. When hit by a stream of water, the products make noise.

Connection to the sewer

The sink is connected to the sewer through a drain pipe (usually corrugated) with a siphon. To do this, there is a branch with a cross section of 5 cm on the main sewer pipe (a tee is placed), where the drain from the sink is installed.

Shower cabins

Shower cabins take up little space, allowing you to free up more than 1 square meter. m. Free space available for arrangement washing machine etc. Closing the doors tightly eliminates the possibility of flooding the floor with water, robust design protects against accidents. Water savings increase by 5 times.

Types of showers

There are 3 types of shower cabins:

• open;
• closed;
• multifunctional.

The open version of the cabins gets its name from the open ceiling. The structure is limited on 4 sides. The cabin is installed directly on the floor, freeing up space. The structures are used for arranging small-sized rooms where doors can be opened inward. This function allows you to visually increase the space.

Disadvantages include careful leveling of the floor and walls, installation of high-quality insulation to prevent water from entering outside the cabin. The doors are fixed to the wall with steel hinges, which is not always convenient indoors. The absence of a roof excludes the functions of aromatherapy, rain shower and Turkish bath. Draining water into the floor grate requires installing a siphon (to prevent odor formation), which will result in the need to raise the floor by 10 cm.

Closed booths (boxes). They are closed on all sides by partitions. Ease of installation determines their popularity. If there is a water outlet and supply, installation work will not be difficult. The boxes are produced in standard and multifunctional versions.

Multifunctional units go on sale with horizontal and vertical hydromassage. The first option is built into the most expensive models. Instead of a regular tray, the design is equipped with a special hydromassage bathtub. To supply water, nozzles are placed on the sides and bottom, promoting different flow directions and the formation of bubbles that produce the hydromassage function. The flow strength is regulated independently.

Vertical devices are provided for supplying water from nozzles located on the cabin ceiling. To provide medicinal properties massage, the flow of water is directed to the neck, hips or back.

How to choose a shower cabin?

Pallet. Selecting a quality design ensures resistance to maximum load, compactness and spaciousness. Safe characteristics are achieved with the help of a slight relief on the bottom.

Curtains are produced in sliding and swing version. Smooth opening and silent operation of the doors indicates the quality of installation and the selected material. When purchasing polystyrene curtains, you should be prepared for a loss of transparency and the formation of stains on the surface. Glass curtains provide increased durability and ease of maintenance. The glass does not become cloudy over time and does not leave streaks. Transparent and tinted rough options are available on the market.

What determines the cost of shower cabins?

The cost of structures is determined by the material (glass, artificial and natural stone) and design features products, additional functions: hydromassage, Turkish bath and sauna. Expensive models are equipped electronic system controls, waterproof telephone and stereo system.

Popular models

The most in demand are Apollo brand products, represented by a price range from 10 to 100 thousand rubles. and more. Products from world brands are widely in demand: Golden Fish, Luxus, Niagara, Timo, Serena, Aumeia. For those who decide to purchase a shower stall for average price 20 thousand rubles, below it is proposed to consider the TS-025 model. The cost of construction includes profile design chrome plated, 10 mm thick tempered glass, siphon and hinged doors. Chrome hinges, clear glass and comfortable chrome-plated handles - all this is successfully combined with the pentagonal, angular profile shape and acrylic low tray.

Types of toilets

GOST requirements apply to toilets:

• installation height – 40 cm;
• volume cistern– from 6 l.

Classification of toilets by bowl

The shape ensures comfort, hygiene and functionality, they come to the market in the main versions:

• Funnel-shaped. Placing the funnel in the center of the bowl promotes thorough and immediate removal of feces, but a splash may occur.
• Plate-shaped. The models look like a flat platform (shelf) for the accumulation of waste, which is cleaned under the influence of a flow of water. Such designs are considered obsolete. They do not splash drops, but are characterized by low hygiene.
• Kozyrkov. The wide popularity of the design is justified by the inclusion of a special protrusion that prevents the appearance of a splash and a slope for the effective removal of feces from the walls of the device.

Flush types

Based on the direction of water flow, there are toilets with direct or cascade type of flush, reverse circular (shower type).

Direct flushing is characterized by a flow of water along one side of the bowl. The design is designed for long-term operation, but does not provide 100% quality washing of the entire coating. The advantages include low cost. Disadvantages include incomplete coverage of the bowl, generation of noise and splashes.

Circular flush. The water flow is directed under different angles towards internal covering bowls and moves in different directions. This helps process up to 95% of the coating. The design is different low level noise.

Less often, manufacturers develop non-standard drain designs that provide for filling the bowl with water and quickly draining it. This option ensures that the inner surface of the toilet is flushed. Negative characteristics include excessive water consumption (up to 8 liters or more).

The average water consumption in the drainage system according to GOST is 6 liters, but on the market there are systems designed for 2 modes - full and economy. The second option provides a reduction in water consumption by 2 rubles.

Release to sewer network

Based on the type of outlet, there are vertical, horizontal and oblique outlets. The choice of a specific design is determined by the location of the sewer inlet.

Horizontal and oblique bends are determined by the angle of inclination: the first option is 180 degrees. (parallel floor surface), and the second 145 - 140 gr. relative to the sewer inlet. The latter option makes it possible to lay the sewer system in the plane of the floors united by vertical risers. In the place where a toilet with an oblique outlet is attached, installation of a device with a horizontal outlet without adapters - special pipes - is excluded.

Oblique release. Well used when arranging risers sewer systems in multi-storey premises of the 70s - 80s. Modern facilities are designed for toilets with horizontal drainage.

Vertical release. It is found in buildings of the 50s and on the American continents, which determines the principle of installing communications without reference to the walls. This method helps install plumbing unit in any area of ​​the bathroom, hiding pipeline lines, thanks to facing materials for floor and ceiling.

Material for making a toilet

Earthenware products. Toilets made of earthenware are characterized by low strength and increased porosity, which makes cleaning and maintaining the device difficult. The fragile product is susceptible to chipping and cracking.

Porcelain designs are excellent and durable, their coating is easy to clean, and their strength indicators contribute to the use of structures in in public places. The structures are characterized by high cost due to increased production costs. More economical option perform ceramic products, characterized by a low degree of coating glaze, high weight and low strength indicators.

Steel and cast iron products. Designed for installation in public toilets. The products are highly popular due to their high durability and easy cleaning. Cast iron structures, which are heavy and have low enamel resistance to mechanical stress, are less in demand.

Glass and stone designs are classified as products of the “modern” series. These devices are distinguished by their high cost and exquisite appearance. The strength indicators of glass and natural stone are compensated by artificial substitutes, which are inferior in visual and tactile perception to their natural counterparts.

Plastic products are made on the basis of reinforced acrylic. They are highly durable, easy to maintain and have low porosity for maximum hygiene. Among the disadvantages is the susceptibility to deformation caused by mechanical stress or high temperature.

Toilet mounting options

Based on the mounting method, suspended and floor-mounted devices are distinguished. The latter option is available in standard and wall-mounted versions.

Floor structures are low cost and easy to install. They are placed in spacious rooms. The products are fixed with anchor bolts with minimal time. During the dismantling process, no negative impact on flooring. IN small spaces install attached (wall-mounted) models, characterized by a special flushing system, providing compact product forms.

Corner installations. The difference with the standard design is the shape of the drain tank. It is presented in a triangular shape, without compromising the overall volume. Installation on some models drainage structure made behind the wall. Models are recommended for installation in small bathrooms or rooms with unusual design. The angular placement of plumbing fixtures helps to “round” the room, making it more spacious. The choice includes one-piece installations and designs with hanging drain bowls. For rooms with separate bathroom, installation of a corner structure helps to expand the space for installing a corner sink or bidet. Individual modules are supplemented with a height adjustment function of up to 4 cm and an emergency system. Drain bowl developed from solid material, eliminating the possibility of cracks.

Hanging models are designed for installation in small spaces. They can withstand loads of 400 kg and above. The advantages include the availability of accessible space for cleaning.

The bowls are fixed using block or frame technology. The second option is distinguished by the rigid fastening of the bowl to the wall and floor surface, and its location inside false walls. Pipeline elements are fixed to the product. Block mounting allows you to attach the frame to load-bearing wall. The installation depth is 15 cm. Space savings are achieved by using an existing “false” wall or niches reinforced with metal beams.

Methods for attaching the tank

Regarding the connection with the bowl, there are separate and joint design options.

Separate technology. Installation is carried out under the ceiling, connecting to the toilet using plastic or metal pipeline. To control the drain system, a lever with an elongated flexible handle on a chain, rope, etc. is used. The advantages include increased speed drain, ensuring quality of operation, relative to analogues. The choice of separate systems is represented by hidden tanks.

The bathroom and toilet are such small rooms, but they have great value for residents. An indispensable component of these rooms is plumbing equipment. Under this complex phrase hide familiar objects that every person uses several times a day every day.

Plumbing equipment is a special group of mechanisms and means that are in one way or another used by humans for heating, sewerage, ventilation, heat, gas and water supply to a home. In other words, plumbing ensures compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards in the room, and also creates additional conditions for comfortable living.

What applies to plumbing equipment?

In fact, this list can be continued for a very long time, because plumbing includes several dozen types of equipment that are directly or indirectly involved in the functioning of different systems in the bathroom and toilet.

Plumbing and its division according to different criteria

First of all, each master divides plumbing equipment according to its purpose. There are items intended for installation in the bathroom, and others for use in the bathroom. There are types of plumbing fixtures that are distinguished by their versatility. For example, expensive faucets can sometimes be found in restaurant toilets. In this case, small washbasins are usually installed. Also, faucets and sinks are an indispensable attribute in the kitchen, or more precisely, in the part of it where food is prepared.

You can also divide plumbing equipment according to other criteria. There are basic plumbing items - bathtubs, toilets, sinks, and there are auxiliary elements, which include hoses, faucets, fittings. The first in this case are completed structures, ready for immediate use. The latter only help the former to function normally. Accessory elements are often sold separately. This was done for the purpose of saving, for example, during repairs, when only a certain part requires repair or replacement, the cost of which is much lower than the complete product.

The best plumbing. Where and by whom is it produced?

This question is quite complicated. If previously almost all high-quality plumbing fixtures were produced exclusively in several European countries (Switzerland, Germany, Austria), today the situation is different. It is difficult to give the palm to any one country, because each brand differs from others in its quality characteristics.

So many good producers from Germany, their products fully reflect the responsible attitude towards the work of all plant employees. The brand is different classic design, which has a subtle hint of sophistication. This is typical European style, which is today chosen by millions of people around the world. German brand, on the contrary, gives design paramount importance. Great creative installations will greatly enhance the space and make it charming. famous for its shower enclosures and enclosures, which are simple and very easy to use. Such plumbing - The best decision For modern man who strives to simplify their life and space.

The Swiss brand is very popular, whose engineers themselves set fashion in the world plumbing equipment. You can find everything you need on sale: pipes, toilets, flush systems, hidden cisterns. Everything breathes with some kind of modern art, and it is this bright and modern mood that will accompany the buyer all day.

Surprisingly, the first plumbing appeared in ancient times, among such a nation as disappeared into oblivion as the Sumerians. In particular, it is known for certain that their kings and queens used thrones with built-in seats. Already in the hundredth year BC, the Chinese used in everyday life an object in many ways similar to modern toilet, in which waste was manually washed off with water. But a man of the Middle Ages approached solving this problem extremely simply - he relieved himself in the bushes on the street. It is unknown how long such an unpleasant disgrace would have continued if, at the beginning of the last century, one English mechanic had not created the familiar toilet.

Baths have been known since the times of Ancient Hellas, but at that time they were used mainly for meditation, and not for bathing. water procedures. In general, people did not have the custom of washing regularly until the eighteenth century. For a long time, having your own bathtub was tantamount to being a wealthy person. Luxurious items cast from silver or made from a single piece of marble served as spectacular decorations for the palaces of rulers and the homes of the rich. And only many years later did regular bathing become a mandatory procedure. And these days it’s simply impossible to imagine a house without a bath. Of course, silver and marble products are still a pleasure for the elite, but wide choose steel, cast iron and acrylic models can satisfy even the most demanding buyer. They are round, oval, polygonal, simple and elite, cheap and expensive, with or without hydromassage.

The shells are no less varied. They may differ in shape and size, the material used for manufacturing and the method of installation. They can be mortise and overhead, corner and suspended. Among other things, plumbing differs in appearance. Always was and will be current classic which is great for country house or a city apartment. High-tech, modern and techno styles are very popular. Hot tubs, better known as Jacuzzis, they effectively relieve fatigue.

Shower enclosures are ideal for tight spaces. A huge achievement of modern plumbing is the faucet, which is a mechanism that mixes hot and cold water into a single stream with controlled temperature. Faucets are wall-mounted, for showers, for baths and sinks. They are mainly made from brass, after which they are coated with a layer of chrome. In general, modern plumbing fixtures are affordable and very diverse. And she has gone very far from her distant ancestors.

Plumbing is the heart of any private home. The main elements are the bathroom or toilet. The comfort of your home depends on the right choice of plumbing materials.

Today there is a large selection various products both in color, material, design, functions, quality, cost and other criteria. In addition to good appearance, they must have reliability, durability and the necessary functions.

How to choose plumbing fixtures for the bathroom, toilet and kitchen?

When choosing good plumbing fixtures for the bathroom, toilet, kitchen, you need to decide on preparatory stage or before installing all communication systems, so that all system components fit well into the interior. So that everything fits well and everything is in its place.

If you choose plumbing accessories after building the house and all the necessary communications have been made (sewage, water supply, heating), then their placement must also be taken into account so that there are no problems with the installation of plumbing, you can easily connect all the necessary elements.

When selecting a product, determine the required cost range. This is the amount you can pay for the product. Then you need to choose the most suitable option.

Cheap plumbing fixtures are characterized by low cost and poor design or not very good technical potential. But sometimes an expensive product doesn’t stand out good quality. Now on the market there are high-quality counterfeits of well-known manufacturers. When choosing an expensive product from a famous company, be careful. Companies that care about their reputation provide a guarantee.

Pay close attention to reviews. When selecting a product, pay attention to the functional range and design. You need to remember that the simpler the product, the more reliable it is. When purchasing a product, you need to remember the operating conditions.

How to install plumbing yourself?

Novice repairmen are concerned about the question of whether it is easy to install plumbing fixtures on their own.

Today, thanks to development information technologies you can find any information, but to install plumbing you need:

— Certain skills and abilities.

— Full availability of the necessary tools.

Experience in installing plumbing cannot be acquired immediately; it needs to be developed over years.

Before installing plumbing, you need to replace the water supply and sewerage in the apartment, then proceed to the plumbing:

- You need to know where your plumbing is.

When starting renovations in an apartment, the first thing you need to do is replace the plumbing pipes, especially in cases where housing is purchased on the secondary market. Installation new system communication will allow you to avoid serious problems, because old plumbing can leak, causing not only a lot of inconvenience to the inhabitants of the apartment, but also the risk of flooding the neighbors in the event of a leak.

Going to hardware store, it is worth first studying the features of plumbing pipes, as well as their varieties, in order to purchase exactly those products that the best way suitable for the apartment being purchased.

Peculiarities

Plumbing pipes belong to a fairly wide range of products, differing in various parameters, for example, by the material from which they are made, or dimensions, as well as additional elements, used for fastening such connections.

The variety of plumbing pipes is due to the different functions that such pipeline elements must perform, because pipes for cold or hot water will differ in their characteristics from their sewer counterparts.

For example, completely different requirements are put forward for communications for hot water than for cold water supply pipelines. For example, the material used for this type of plumbing must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

But on this version of products, plaque forms to a lesser extent. inside compared to a cold water pipeline.

There are special requirements for plumbing used for sewerage. The most important criterion is the ability to withstand the action of chemically active substances.

Kinds

Plumbing pipes that are installed in the apartment, are divided depending on the specific use:

• for cold water;
• for the admission of hot water and installation of heating systems;
• to create a sewer system.

The features of each type of pipe are described below.

Plumbing pipes for cold water

Pipes for cold water must be installed in any apartment, because if there is a centralized supply hot water can be replaced with a boiler or a column for heating water, then nothing can replace the centralized supply of a cold source.

The main material used for the production of pipes for cold water supply can be:

• Cink Steel;
• stainless steel;
• copper;
• polymer materials.

In the first option, the zinc coating ensures complete protection of the pipes from destruction. But if this coating is damaged in some place, then a corrosion process will occur there, and rust will gradually appear. Such problems are often identified at joints and connections.

Pipes made of non-galvanized steel are under no circumstances recommended for use in cold water supply systems., since it will be possible to observe condensate constantly appearing on the surface of such a pipe, which will provoke its rusting and wear. In addition, such a product quickly becomes overgrown from the inside, as a result of which its clearance will decrease and the water supply will be disrupted. Even if it is advised to paint such a water supply system with paint, this will not correct the situation for long - rust will still appear very quickly, and the plumbing will have to be replaced.

Stainless steel is a more expensive option. Despite the great difficulty in installing this type of plumbing pipes, this option is one of the most durable and durable structures.

Copper is one of the noble metals. Copper pipes are significantly superior in their characteristics to their steel counterparts. During their use, rust does not appear, and they are distinguished by their bactericidal effect. The only thing worth paying attention to is that it is better to use such plumbing fixtures in combination with a plastic coating, which will protect against the formation of condensation.

Polymer materials. Despite a large number of variety of options plastic pipes, they share similar qualities. The final choice will depend on the cost of the products and the features of the particular pipeline. Such communications today have almost replaced all metal analogues, since there is not a very wide range of requirements for cold water supply that even the most budget types of plastic communications can cope with.

Plumbing pipes for hot water and heating

For hot water and heating, non-galvanized steel can be used, since condensation does not form on such plumbing. But you need to be prepared for the fact that water must be constantly in the system. If the water is drained and air enters the system, then such plumbing pipes will quickly rust and become unusable.

Galvanized or stainless steel pipes, which do not necessarily contain water.

Copper shows good performance, but this type of plumbing will be very expensive. In addition, it is necessary to use additional thermal insulation, which will also affect the final cost of the pipeline.

If the choice fell on polymer pipes, Then the best option will become reinforced propylene, since such a material contains aluminum foil and fiberglass, which ensure polypropylene retains its shape for a long period of time. If preference is given to plastic pipes made of another material, then you need to pay attention to the maximum temperature that they can withstand.

One of the important advantages of plastic plumbing is ease of use, because over time, a large number of layers form in any pipeline that must be removed. IN plastic versions Plaque takes much longer to accumulate. In addition, they are much easier to clean than metal products.

In some cases, the cost of such a material can be comparable to metal, so before making a final decision, you need to weigh all the pros and cons.

Plumbing pipes for sewerage

Cast iron or plastic is often used to create sewers. The first option perfectly tolerates the effects of aggressive substances. In addition, cast iron pipes are not so noisy, so they are most often used in apartments located in multi-story buildings.

Products made from polyvinyl chloride are no less popular for this type of plumbing. Their advantages include ease of installation, an expanded range of products, excellent performance during operation and a high threshold of resistance to aggressive environments.

It is worth noting that the usual plastic pipes withstand exposure to hot water, the temperature of which does not exceed 60 degrees. To avoid this drawback, you can install a polypropylene sewer system. These products are also lightweight. The only drawback is the lack of sound insulation, so you will hear water moving through the sewer.

When starting to install sewer pipes, it is worth considering the level of the pipeline slope.

This value is determined by the diameter of the pipe:

• if the pipe diameter is 4-5 cm, then the slope is 3.5 cm per 1 meter of pipeline;
• for a diameter of 10-11 cm - 2 cm per 1 meter of pipeline;
• 11-15 cm – 1 cm per 1 meter of pipeline;
• 20 cm and more - the slope is 8 mm per 1 meter of pipeline.

Dimensions

The diameter of the plumbing pipes, as well as their size, will depend on certain requirements, which extend to the water supply:

• operating pressure;
• temperature regime;
• number of devices that were connected.

Plumbing pipes are used for a variety of systems different sizes. When installing a pipeline for cold water, it is worth taking into account the likelihood of the internal lumen of the pipe becoming coated with plaque. The thinnest option includes copper products, the thickness of which reaches 1.2 cm. They can be used in an apartment that is additionally equipped with various filters for water purification. Steel pipes can also be installed, the thickness of which varies from 1.5 to 1.6 cm.

If the choice is made of plastic products, then their diameter should be at least 2 cm. Their internal dimensions will be similar to thin-walled metal versions.

To install plumbing for hot water, you need to use the same dimensions as in the first option. During installation heating system It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the diameter of the pipes must be increased. Minimum size pipes made of copper and steel should be approximately 2 cm. Using polymer products, you need to increase the diameter to 25-32 mm. Too much wide pipes, the diameter of which is 50 mm, are not used in ordinary apartments - this is the prerogative of industrial enterprises.

When choosing the size of sewer pipes, it is necessary to take into account the scope of their use:

• Products with a diameter of 5 to 10 cm are used to connect 1 or 2 appliances, for example, a sink, washbasin, shower stall.
• Pipes ranging in size from 11 to 15 cm are used to connect several appliances that operate simultaneously and the toilet. They are also mounted to create a vertical riser.
• A pipeline with a diameter of 15 to 20 cm is used to combine several plumbing fixtures and a toilet. Also, pipes of this diameter are installed to obtain a general drain.
• Options with sizes from 20 to 30 cm are installed quite rarely, for example, in cases where it is necessary to connect areas between two water intakes.

Plastic plumbing fixtures with a diameter of less than 50 mm can only be used for installation in small kitchen sewers.

Additional items

To create connections between different areas plumbing pipes Various parts are used:

• Clutch. This is a short piece of pipe containing sockets on both sides. It is used to combine two parts of one pipeline.
• Adapter. Used to connect pipes characterized by different diameters. There are 2 options for such adapters: coaxial and eccentric.
• Tee. This fastening is necessary in cases where it is necessary to make a branch that will extend from the main sewer channel. For example, such a detail is used when independent wiring is carried out across floors.