Natural ventilation in our homes is organized as follows: air entering the windows passes living rooms, and is removed through ventilation ducts in the upper part of the kitchen and bathroom. It then rises through a vertical duct, after which it is discharged into ventilation shaft. Along with it, dust, moisture and carbon dioxide leave the apartments. This is ideal. In fact, the smell of the neighbor's broth, cigarette smoke and sewage reigns in our home. What to do when ventilation ducts stop working at their designed capacity? The only solution seems to be to install ventilation in the bathroom and toilet.

But don’t rush to run to the store for the most powerful and expensive fan. At a minimum, you need:

• check traction;
• determine the cause bad work ventilation;
• select the type of fan;
• figure out how to properly make a hood in the bathroom and toilet, what materials will be needed for installation;
• Study the attached instructions on how to install a fan in the bathroom.

Checking traction

To check the draft, it is necessary to ensure air flow by opening the window slightly. Bring it to the grill ventilation duct narrow strips of paper. If the strips adhere to the grille, then the ventilation is functioning normally. But if the paper does not sway, or, on the contrary, deviates from the hood, then there is a reverse draft effect. We will identify the causes and eliminate them.

Using an anemometer, we measure the speed V (m/s) of the air flow passing through the ventilation duct. Air flow through the ventilation system channel is determined by the formula: D = V x F, m³/h, where: F - channel cross-sectional area, m². After this, the calculation made is checked for compliance with standard parameters.

For a bathroom or toilet, the flow rate through the hood opening must be at least 25 m³/h, for a combined bathroom - 50 m³/h.

Causes of poor (or reverse) draft in the toilet and bathroom.

Let's consider several reasons for poor ventilation in the bathroom or toilet:

Choosing a fan for the hood

Do you want to know how to properly ventilate? Select an electric fan model based on the characteristics and functions listed below.

Fan performance

For the calculation, we will use such a value as the air exchange rate. For a bathroom (toilet and bathtub), this figure ranges from 6...8 and means how many times in 1 hour the air in the room should be renewed.
Example. Bathroom area - 9 m², height - 2.5 m.

We calculate the volume of the room:
V = 9 m² x 2.5 m = 16.8 m³

Performance:
Vvent = 16.8 m³ x (6…8) = 100…135 m³/h

According to calculations, the power of your fan should be at least 100...135 m³/h. But, this calculation is not suitable for ventilation systems with the effect reverse thrust. In order to “push through” the channel resistance, a more powerful cooler will be required. How much more powerful? We recommend increasing the calculated fan performance by 30% Vfan. This should compensate aerodynamic drag channel on the section “apartment - entrance to the mine”.

Advice. Avoid installing fans with a capacity of more than 1000 m³/h. For efficient work Such equipment will require a large volume of supply air. Working “idle” it will overheat and quickly fail.

Fan installation

Before you start installing a fan in a bathroom or toilet, we consider it necessary to convey to you one fact.

Remaking your natural circulation involuntarily, without the permission of the state housing inspection, you are committing an administrative offense. An exception is low-power equipment up to 100 m³.

In fact, fines for unauthorized installation of a fan are issued extremely rarely, so when choosing between the aroma of a neighbor's sewer and installing a fan in the toilet (bathroom), most people prefer the latter option.

Installation of an axial fan according to the “light bulb-fan” scheme

This scheme will be of interest to those who want to know how to make ventilation in the toilet quickly and without unnecessary bells and whistles.

Before you make a hood in the toilet according to this scheme, you need to know about its “weak points”. Since the connection is made through a light bulb, you will have to use a two-core cable (phase-zero). You can ground the equipment only if you run a separate wire between the “ground” of the fan and the “ground” of the outlet or switch.

Installation of an axial fan with built-in delay timer

For those who want to make ventilation in the bathroom, we recommend purchasing a model with a built-in timer. The scheme of its operation is as follows: when the light is turned on, the hood starts working. When a person leaves and turns off the light, the delay timer starts (from 2 to 30 minutes) and the fan continues to extract moist air.

Below is the installation procedure, for those who do not know how to install a hood in the bathroom according to this scheme.

1. We make grooves or if the bathroom is already finished, we lay plastic boxes for open wiring.
2. Remove the decorative (front) cover of the device. We pass the wires (neutral and phase) through the fan housing and the holes of the built-in terminal block, but do not secure it yet.
3. Set the delay time. There are models where the settings are made from the remote control, but in inexpensive models This parameter is set using a slotted screwdriver on the TIME regulator.
4. We screw the case to the wall with self-tapping screws or sit it on silicone sealant.
5. We clamp the wires in the fan terminals. We connect the stripped leads of the wires from the fan and the light bulb through the terminal block. We pull the wiring from the light bulb to the switch. Before making a hood in the bathroom, decide where the switch will be located. For reasons of convenience, we recommend moving it to the inner wall of the bathroom, but the degree of protection of the shell must be at least IP44.
6. We lay the cable in the box.
7. Close and secure the decorative fan cover.

Results

Let's sum it up? We learned:
- determine the degree of functionality of our natural ventilation;
- discussed the reasons why draft in ventilation ducts may weaken or disappear altogether;
- gave advice on choosing a hood fan for a bathroom or toilet;
- told how to make ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, using the two most popular schemes.

Providing ventilation in the bathroom and toilet will maintain a healthy microclimate in your apartment and protect you from many problems.

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, where there is always a high level of humidity, which provokes the appearance of mold, must be sufficiently effective. If in modern and older multi-storey buildings, such as Khrushchev, its presence is provided standard project, then in a private house the owner himself has to think about this at the beginning of construction. Without having certain knowledge and not understanding the intricacies installation work, it is difficult to install it yourself without errors, but by adopting the existing rules, it will become possible.

Operating principle of air exchange systems

Even at the design stage of a private house, you should adhere to the standards for the installation and operation of ventilation ducts, according to which:

• The air supply should be located at the bottom, and the exhaust at the top, as close to the ceiling as possible. To ensure ventilation of the entire room, they are placed in opposite corners.
• Their inner surface is made as smooth as possible, and the direction of air movement is in a straight line.
• When making turns, avoid sharp bends.
• The fan should not be placed near water, near a bathtub, sink, or toilet.
• Separate air ducts are laid for different floors.

All ventilation systems are divided according to the principle of operation - with natural draft and mechanical impulse. If the bathroom is of modest size and its services are used by a small number of residents, then the first type of ventilation is installed, in other cases - the second.

The natural system works due to the difference in the density of air masses and temperature, when heated and lighter air, rushing upward, passes through the exhaust ducts and ends up outside. At the same time, it is replaced by a denser cold air, entering the room through supply system air ducts The greater the difference in values, the higher the potential and the better the traction.

This scheme works well in winter, but with the onset warm days the temperature difference becomes minimal and its efficiency decreases. Forced ventilation does not have these disadvantages, since a fan is installed in the system, which is responsible for moving air masses.

Ventilation device in a private house

Previously, normal air exchange in the apartment was ensured by natural cracks in wooden windows, along the doorway, and if a private house was made of timber, then there were also inter-crown voids. But today, in the construction of housing, modern energy-saving technologies are widely used, reducing heating costs and at the same time preventing free air circulation.

Therefore, many owners leave the door ajar, and plastic windows use the micro-ventilation function, which requires the presence of a small gap. Once inside, fresh street air warms up and is discharged through the fireplace pipe, stove heating or existing ventilation ducts. But this scheme is not without its drawbacks - dust and midges get into the house, noise penetrates, and winter period frosty air, which provokes drafts.

As a modern and affordable solution many homeowners prefer to install ventilation valve.The advantages of using it are obvious:

• ensuring the necessary air exchange;
• installation is easy to do with your own hands;
• crashes directly into the wall in a convenient place.

Depending on the type and equipment of the water, electrical system The air heating device provides comfortable conditions accommodation at any time of the year.

But a full-fledged system will consist of several elements, such as:

1. 1. Ventilation duct. It is a round or square shaft leading to the roof of the house. To ensure that nothing interferes with the air flow, it is made as straight as possible. A horizontal insert is allowed, but not longer than 1–2 m.
2. 2. Ventilation outlet - a hole in the wall connected to a duct. To receive large volumes of air, it is made of sufficient size, no smaller than the central air duct.
3. 3. Ventilation grille. Made of plastic or metal, it serves as a decoration and, covering the exit, prevents the penetration of water and debris into it.

Purpose and types of construction

Considering the characteristics of the system, several types are distinguished:

• Exhaust. The air is removed through a special exhaust channel.
• Supply. Air supply to the room is carried out under overpressure, as a result of which the waste streams are removed outside through the shaft.
• Mixed. This system combines the above types of ventilation and is the most effective.

In addition, taking into account the features structural elements, they are divided into ducted and ductless. In the first case, air is supplied through special ducts. This type of ventilation is used if the air flow needs to be directed to remote areas and simultaneously cleaned of condensation, dust, and other pollutants.

Ductless. In this case, the air flow moves through air ducts built inside the walls and is supplied (discharged) to the bathroom through an opening, usually covered with a decorative grille. This device is typical for typical multi-storey buildings, in which there is a ventilated window between the bathroom and the toilet, and in one of the rooms there is an exit to the central ventilation duct.

By installing a fan, you can combine forced and natural systems and get the best option - a mixed type of ventilation. If the channel is located far away, then rectangular, round or corrugated boxes are thrown towards it. The walls of products made of plastic are absolutely smooth and do not interfere with air movement, and they also dampen noise waves caused by the operation of the fan. Soft corrugated sections are well suited for getting around difficult obstacles.

In order for the hood to effectively cope with its purpose, installation is carried out adhering to the following rules:

• the place for its installation is chosen opposite from front door wall;
• the fan is recessed into the shaft, securely fastened, and all cracks are filled with sealant;
• Electrical wiring is kept closed for safety reasons.

The fan control in the bathroom is connected directly to the light switch, then odors will be removed immediately, but in the bathroom it is preferable to have a separate switch.

Often in the bathroom, suspended ceilings are mounted on the ceiling. tensile structures. If the shaft is located below their level, then to ventilate the space between the ceilings not far from vent install the grate. If the mine is higher suspended ceiling, then several ventilation holes are made in the latter and a fan is installed in one of them, and the rest are covered with grilles.

Natural ventilation

Device of this type it is necessary to plan at the stage of preparation for the construction of a house or cottage, when drawing up a project that specifies the location of all rooms and office premises. The main reason is correct installation when, even during the construction of walls, it is necessary to lay special ventilation ducts through their internal structure. Usually they start from the first floor towards the attic. Ventilation ducts can be made of brick, plastic material special shape.

Planning the laying natural system ventilation, you should follow several recommendations:

• each room must be equipped with air ducts, the installation of which is carried out vertically;
• if a bathroom with a toilet is located on the same floor, moreover, nearby, then the use of combined hoods is allowed;
• when several service rooms are located close to each other, you can combine their air ducts into one common one without reducing its outlet diameter;
• The walls of the box must be smooth, and there should be no obstacles in the path of the air flow.

The presence of natural ventilation, which provides comfortable living conditions, is mandatory for every private house and other buildings. In the future, the system can be upgraded by additionally installing a fan, thereby increasing its efficiency.

Forced ventilation

Modern system forced ventilation consists of a heat exchanger, filters, fans. Therefore, the air coming from the street is first purified, and in cold weather it is preheated, and only then distributed among the rooms, displacing the exhaust air outside.

The system includes the following components:

• A fan that provides movement of air masses.
• Air ducts. They are made from pipes 0.5, 1 and 2 meters long and are used to move air flows.
• Connecting couplings. With their help, individual sections are assembled into a single whole.
• Rotary bends. Redirect the flow in the desired direction.
• Check valve. Prevents the return of exhaust air.
• Brackets, fasteners. Installed on the walls and ceiling, they support the entire structure.

To organize an effective exhaust hood in a bathroom or toilet, there are enough fans, for which the main requirement is that the noise level should not exceed 35 dB. Devices on bearings have a longer service life, while devices on bushings are quieter in operation and more affordable.

Axial fans have an average noise level and are well suited for installation in a ductless system. Centrifugal device louder than others, but has high performance. Paying attention to the listed characteristics, products of the centrifugal-axial type, characterized by low weight, noiselessness and high efficiency, look more attractive.

Several types of connection are common - to a light switch, a separate switch, which is located near the device on the wall (or on its body), using a motion sensor. The latter is triggered when someone enters the room.

Using a filtration system improves the quality of incoming air, but it requires constant maintenance and increases operating costs. The filter must be periodically checked for contamination and replaced, as accumulated substances can cause the growth of dangerous bacteria and organisms.

For this reason, it is recommended to install air humidity sensors on forced ventilation, especially in the bathroom. Then the mechanism will be triggered when the specified parameter is reached.

If the installation of forced ventilation is planned only in the bathroom, and the remaining rooms are simply to be ventilated, then for these purposes it is advisable to install a ductless system with a fan inserted into it. It is fixed to special mounting terminals and connected to the power supply using a two-core wire.

The installation of forced ventilation throughout the house requires the purchase of special equipment - a special unit responsible for supplying, removing, cleaning, filtering and heating air. The installation location is chosen in the attic or technical room. Power is calculated by the number of residents based on the size of the house and the material of the walls, but on average this figure is 200-600 m3/h.

Air ducts are assembled using the constructor method, using already ready-made sections, adapters. Whenever possible, they are hidden from view behind suspended, suspended ceilings, or taken out into the attic. If everything is assembled correctly, then properly functioning ventilation will ensure good air exchange not only in the bathroom, toilet, but throughout the entire house, and, by maintaining the required level of humidity, will reduce the likelihood of mold and mildew appearing on the walls.

All bathrooms in apartments and private houses are characterized by high humidity with constant temperature changes. If the ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is calculated or done incorrectly, then mold will appear in them. And often natural air exchange is not enough for these rooms. Then you have to install ventilation system forced type with various fans. Otherwise, without additional ventilation, the walls in such rooms risk quickly turning into a fungal farm.

Main types of ventilation

Ventilation in the bathroom can be:

• natural;
• forced.

The first works due to normal air convection. Heated air masses naturally always rise to the ceiling of the bathroom. Moreover, if in the upper part of the bathroom or toilet there is a ventilation hole with an exit to the ventilation duct, then the air goes further up. And instead of its departed volumes, new ones are drawn in through the door, which creates natural cravings in room. As a result, constant air exchange occurs.

Air circulation with natural ventilation

The second works thanks to the presence of a fan that draws or supplies additional air into the bathroom. Forced ventilation is installed where the natural analogue cannot cope with the required volumes of air exchange. Wherein similar systems are energy dependent. It is recommended to choose them for installation in a home bathroom only as a last resort.

The principle of operation of forced ventilation

Forced ventilation is divided into three types:

1. Supply.
2. Exhaust.
3. Combined (supply and exhaust).

In the first case, air is supplied into the room from a ventilation duct through a running fan. In the second, it is forcibly pulled (sucked out) from the toilet and bathroom into the ventilation shaft. The third option is a combination of the first two ventilations.

Installation diagram of wall and ceiling ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

Ventilation and ventilation system equipment

Conventional ventilation in the bathroom and toilet includes a ventilation duct to a common shaft (riser) and a grille on the wall. Plus, in addition to this, filters are often installed in the air duct. But if the ventilation system is forced, then it must have a fan. And to this equipment a control unit and other automation are already added.

If exhaust or supply ventilation is selected for installation, then one ventilation duct is enough. However, for the combined supply and exhaust version of separate air ducts between the bathroom and the street, two are required. One will supply air, and the other will exhaust it.

Design options with axial or duct fan

Duct fans for coercive systems ventilation are:

• axial – air movement occurs along the axis of the electric motor;
• radial - the air flow inside is created with an inclination to the axis by special forward or backward curved working blades;
• centrifugal - air flow is formed by creating a pressure difference inside the housing.

Easiest to install axial fan, which often comes complete with a ventilation grille. It is also the easiest to maintain during further operation of the ventilation. The radial version is usually placed inside the duct at a certain distance from the grille, so it makes less noise.

Types of axial fans for forced ventilation

The centrifugal analogue is different from them increased efficiency and low power consumption. If you need ventilation in a large bathroom (more than 15 square meters), then it is better to install this particular fan.

The supply system is also equipped with an electric heater or recuperator. It takes supply air from the street, where it is initially cold. Therefore, in order not to have to add heating power, these air masses are pre-heated a little in the ventilation duct.

Installation of forced ventilation in the bathroom and toilet of an apartment is most often done in an exhaust version. To do this, a small axial fan is placed in the existing ventilation duct. required power and is fixed there. The air ducts already exist; it is impossible to expand or completely replace them with new ones. If necessary, all that remains is to install an exhaust fan in them.

Installation diagram of forced ventilation with a common ventilation shaft

For a cottage, you can choose any type of ventilation in the bathroom. But even here, if the house has already been built, then in most cases a system with a conventional duct hood is installed. It’s easier and cheaper than others to do it yourself. This is not water supply from a well, for the installation of which you need to invite installers with special equipment. Here you can handle it yourself.

Fan wiring diagram

If the bathroom already has natural ventilation, then adding an electric fan to increase efficiency is easy. You just need to correctly calculate its power.

To install axial duct fan, necessary:

1. Take off ventilation grille.
2. Clean the air duct from dust and dirt.
3. Coat the fan housing with polymer glue and place it in place in the duct.
4. Connect electrical wiring to this device.
5. Install mosquito net and front cover.

Electrical diagram of a bathroom with forced ventilation

If there are no ventilation ducts in the room, you will have to break them through. However, first you need to correctly calculate their size and location. IN similar situation It is better to entrust the design of bathroom ventilation to a professional. Here you will need to take into account the air exchange throughout the house, and not just in the bathroom. Without proper knowledge, it is unlikely that it will be possible to make calculations correctly and accurately.

Ventilation system installation options

If you have to do everything yourself, then you can achieve maximum draft in the ventilation duct if you place the grille under the ceiling opposite the front door. This is how ventilation in toilets is most often equipped.

Ventilation should be designed so that the air ducts have a minimum of bends inside. The fan installed inside must exactly fit the ventilation duct in size so that it does not create unnecessary noise and works with maximum efficiency.

Structural elements for ventilation installation

Also not worth it ventilation equipment place next to heating devices. The fan itself gets hot during operation; additional heat from other devices is contraindicated for it.

When planning your bathroom design and renovation you should consider one small but very important point- air exchange problem. Good ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is necessary not only to ensure the flow of fresh air.

With the help of this system, they are removed from the bathroom unpleasant odors, and excess humidity. If the ventilation system is planned and implemented correctly, bathroom owners will not have to worry about mold and mildew.

The lack of normal ventilation and the excess humidity caused by this circumstance will create almost luxurious conditions for the development of harmful flora.

Construction manuals clearly indicate the standards that must be followed for effective ventilation sanitary premises with high humidity.

The system must provide fresh air for the bathroom or toilet at a speed of 25 cubic meters. m/hour, and for a combined unit twice as high - 50 cubic meters. m/hour. These standards are minimum.

Depending on the characteristics of air exchange, natural and forced ventilation are distinguished. In the first case, air exchange occurs due to the difference in air pressure outside and inside the room.

Air flows penetrate through windows, doors, special ventilators, etc. It is worth immediately noting that due to the nature of the bathroom design, the use of natural ventilation does not always achieve the desired effect.

For the device duct ventilation in the bathroom it is necessary to make an opening that will connect the house ventilation duct with the bathroom room

When forced or artificially ventilating a room, special fans are used to ensure sufficient air exchange.

Most often, a fan helps move air from indoors to outdoors, while fresh air masses enter the bathroom from living quarters.

Sometimes a small fan is placed in the toilet, even with good natural ventilation, to speed up the purification of the air from unpleasant odors.

If it is not possible to naturally organize sufficiently intense air exchange, forced ventilation is mandatory.

Depending on the purpose there are:

• exhaust;
• supply;
• mixed ventilation.

The exhaust principle has already been described a little above: air is removed through the ventilation duct, and new air is supplied from the outside. Supply ventilation is organized differently: air is pumped in from the outside and forced out through the channel.

When using mixed ventilation, both the air flow and its removal are regulated.

A beautiful decorative grille for an exhaust hood in a bathroom will not only hide the structure, but can also become an effective detail of a stylish interior.

Experts also distinguish between duct and non-duct ventilation, which is characterized by the presence or absence of a ventilation duct.

Creating dedicated channels should be avoided whenever possible. Usually, an opening is made in the wall that opens into the common ventilation duct of a multi-story building, and a fan is installed in it.

In a separate bathroom, if there is access to the ventilation duct in only one room, another fan is installed in the wall opening between the bathroom and the toilet.

Installing a separate ventilation duct makes sense in places that require intensive removal of polluted or moisture-saturated air.

Diagnosis of ventilation status

Before you begin altering the ventilation in the toilet and bathroom, you should carefully study its structure and check its condition. To begin with, they examine the draft: a sheet of paper, a lit match or a lighter is brought to the ventilation hole.

If the paper sticks to the hole, or if the flame is clearly moving towards the ventilation duct, there is a draft. On a hot, windless day, the draft may be significantly less than at other times.

The mere presence of traction does not always indicate in good condition ventilation system.

It is imperative to check the condition of the ventilation duct, which may be partially blocked after inept repair work or for some other reasons.

By removing obstacles, you can significantly improve the quality of the ventilation system.

To check the draft in the bathroom, hold a sheet of paper or the flame of a lighter to the vent. The check should be performed when open door, and then - with closed

If in the latter case the draft has noticeably decreased, you should think about additional means of micro-ventilation.

Most often, it is enough to install special grilles in the doors of the bathroom and toilet to ensure normal flow of fresh air into these rooms even when behind closed doors and windows.

What you need to know about ventilators

When purchasing a fan, be sure to evaluate the amount of noise it produces. The indicator should not exceed 35 dB. In a bathroom, such equipment should completely renew the air composition approximately 5-8 times within one hour.

Exhaust fans intended for use in bathrooms may have different design and design, in addition, they differ in power

According to the type of installation, there are duct domestic fans, intended for installation directly in the ventilation duct, as well as radial models.

They are installed at the exit from the ventilation duct. Usually channel models They look unpresentable, since they are hidden inside the channel, but radial devices are equipped with a beautiful casing so as not to spoil the overall impression of the environment.

The design of fans can also vary significantly:

• traditional axial models move air along the axis of the device using special blades and are designed for ductless systems;
• low-performance diametrical models use a drum-type wheel;
• centrifugal devices with a spiral casing are characterized by high performance and increased noise levels during operation;
• Small centrifugal axial units are less noisy but work almost as efficiently as centrifugal models.

Taking into account the specifics of bathroom ventilation, fans are sometimes additionally equipped with timers, which make it possible to extend the operation of the device in the toilet, or with gyrostats in order to remove air more efficiently. excess moisture from the bathroom.

Fans that are weak in power will not be able to provide normal ventilation of the room, however, you should not use models that are too powerful.

A strong centrifugal fan can cause such intense air flow that the influx will come from other vents rather than outside, forcing the exhaust air back into the house.

Interesting installation information exhaust fan in the bathroom is presented in the following video:

Features of ventilation installation

If for some reason there is no ventilation in the bathroom, creating the necessary system is not so difficult.

Apartment buildings are usually designed in such a way that the ventilation duct is located directly behind the wall of the bathroom or toilet. All that remains is to carefully make a hole in the right place (if there is none) so that it goes into this channel.

A radial axial fan is installed inside the opening. The device is connected to the power supply, observing all the requirements for the operation of electrical appliances in rooms with high humidity.

If necessary, install additional controls (timer, gyroscope, etc.). The niche is covered with a beautiful decorative grille.

If the apartment has a separate bathroom and the ventilation duct is located behind the walls of both rooms, the second fan is installed in the same way as described above.

Otherwise, the ventilation hole is made in the wall separating the toilet and bathroom. A fan is also placed in this opening and covered with decorative screens on both sides.

Sometimes it is more convenient to use decorative grilles, in which the design provides for mounting the fan in special slots.

The figure clearly shows a diagram of connecting an exhaust fan to the power supply using an i-meter, which allows you to turn off the fan some time after the visitor leaves the bathroom

It is somewhat more difficult to solve the problem of bathroom ventilation when the ventilation duct borders another room. In this case, you will have to create duct ventilation.

First you need to choose a location for the ventilation hole in the bathroom and toilet. Then you need to draw up a plan for placing a ventilation duct through which air masses will move outward.

When creating duct ventilation in a bathroom, a flexible corrugated box is used only for small areas where installation of other structures is impossible or difficult

There are the following types of ventilation ducts:

• plastic round or rectangular;
• hard or soft corrugated metal;
• metal, tin or galvanized, usually rectangular in cross-section.

Plastic boxes are easier to install and lighter in weight than metal constructions, at the same time they are durable and easy to care for.

Therefore, plastic structures are confidently replacing metal with construction market. Corrugated products are used extremely rarely; they are permissible only for short distances and are used only in particularly difficult cases.

After completing the installation of the ventilation system, it is necessary to check the operation of the equipment.

To create duct ventilation in the bathroom, you should use metal or plastic boxes of rectangular or round cross-section

Common mistakes when installing ventilation

It happens that the performance of a brand new ventilation system suddenly turns out to be unsatisfactory or is initially ineffective.

This may occur due to one or more errors made during its installation. When figuring out how to properly ventilate a bathroom, you should immediately take these points into account.

Here are a number of flaws that occur most often:

• The ventilation duct is not designed correctly, making it difficult to move air masses.
• The tightness of the ventilation duct connections is broken.
• The fans are installed incorrectly and make too much noise.
• The duct passes through the living quarters in such a way that the ventilation noise interferes with the normal functioning of the family.

First you need to find out the cause of the problem, then fix it. A number of troubles can be avoided by paying attention to these points at the design stage of the ventilation system.

If this was not done, and problems appeared during the operation of the structure, the entire ventilation system may need to be seriously reworked.

An alternative option to eliminate troubles is to use sound absorbers different types to reduce unpleasant sound effects.

To improve the process of moving air masses, you may have to install a more powerful fan.

Sometimes excessive noise during fan operation indicates that it was installed incorrectly, in which the so-called “alignment” was disrupted. In this case, it is enough to remove the device and install it again with strict adherence to the installation technology.

Usually after this the amount of noise from the fan operation is significantly reduced.

The supply type of ventilation in bathrooms is used extremely rarely, but if such a decision is made, you should think about the temperature of the air coming from outside.

IN winter time The flow of cold air can cause extremely unpleasant sensations for visitors to the bathroom.

To solve this type of problem, the air entering the room is heated using special electrical appliances.

To provide sufficient quantity fresh air entering the bathroom, a beautiful grille is installed at the bottom of the door, which makes the room less airtight

There are several common misconceptions that can negatively affect ventilation work. When designing and installing the system, remember that:

• an exhaust fan is not enough if the room does not have a normal flow of fresh air;
• big and bulky duct system ventilation is not always more effective than low-cost ventilation methods if they are chosen correctly;
• the presence of an air conditioner in the house, as well as a purifier, ionizer, humidifier and other similar devices does not provide normal ventilation of the rooms, since with their help fresh air does not enter the rooms.

Typically, the design of a ventilation system for a bathroom is very simple; you can do it yourself.

But if some calculations or execution of a ventilation duct are required complex shape, and the novice master does not have experience in such work, it is better to consult with professionals or completely entrust them with all the work.

The quality of ventilation cannot be neglected, since the health of the residents of the house depends on its condition.

We are accustomed to monitoring the quality of the food we eat and the water we drink. However, few people pay enough attention to the air we breathe. Meanwhile, fresh air is as important for our body as water and food. With the constantly deteriorating environment and widespread gas pollution in large cities, banal ventilation of premises will not work. In such conditions, the best solution would be to install ventilation.

Clean air and the absence of harmful impurities in it are needed to prevent headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, and also to prevent allergic reactions.

The need for ventilation in the bathroom

In the bathroom, ventilation is no less important than in other rooms, and perhaps even more. The fact is that steam and humid air constantly accumulate in the bathroom, and it is humidity that most contributes to the appearance of mold.

Mold can settle in the lungs and lead to serious respiratory diseases, causing the development of asthma, allergies, etc. It is harmful not only to human body, but also gradually destroys all objects and materials that are formed, even concrete. Therefore, installing a properly functioning ventilation system is not a whim, but a necessity.

Requirements and standards

All requirements and standards for ventilation of premises are specified in the section “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning” SNiP 41-01-2003.

According to this document, premises require artificial ventilation in case due to polluted air or natural conditions required sanitary standards are not observed due to the lack of natural ventilation or if simple ventilation is not enough.

Permissible levels of dust and harmful substances in the air is prescribed in sanitary and epidemiological rules. So, with regard to carbon dioxide, the maximum permissible amount of carbon dioxide in rural areas is 650 mg/m3, in small cities - 800 mg/m3, and in large cities - 1,000 mg/m3. At the same time, the air exchange rate per person is 28 m3/h. Excess carbon dioxide can cause shortness of breath, dry cough, runny nose and others. Negative consequences for the body.

Types of ventilation systems

Most often, types of ventilation are distinguished depending on its purpose. So, they distinguish:

• Exhaust ventilation, which removes exhaust air through exhaust ducts. This type of ventilation is convenient to use when it is possible to combine natural and mechanical ventilation.
• Supply ventilation , which, due to the intake of fresh air, creates additional pressure, displacing exhaust air.
• Ventilation mixed type , which combines both operating principles.

In addition, ventilation is often divided into natural and forced.

• Natural ventilation– the ventilation that is initially designed and installed during the construction of the premises. The most typical ventilation scheme for bathrooms and toilets in apartments and residential buildings is a scheme in which the bathtub is connected to the toilet using a ventilation window, and air is removed from the toilet to the general ventilation duct of the house.
• Forced ventilation– this is ventilation that is installed by the homeowner at will and which involves the use of a hood or fan.

Checking for serviceability

Checking that your ventilation system is working properly is much easier than you think. You don't need any additional tools. Simply light and hold a burning match or small piece of paper to the vent. If the flame fluctuates, ventilation is working.

Another way to check the operation of the ventilation is that you will need to create a draft in the room by opening the window and door in the bathroom slightly, and attach a piece of thin paper or, for example, a napkin to the ventilation grille. The napkin should also either stick to the grille if the ventilation is taking in air normally, or it should be blown off the grille by the air flow coming from the ventilation duct. If the napkin simply falls down, it’s time to change the ventilation.

Try to solve the problem of poor ventilation by widening the gap between the door and the floor. This will create the necessary draft for normal ventilation operation. You can also try installing an additional ventilation grille in the door or wall.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet

In private residential buildings, separate ventilation ducts are usually designed for each room separately: for the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. Using an exhaust hood, exhaust air is discharged through such channels to the roof.

In apartment buildings, a standard ventilation system is usually used, in which all ventilation ducts are combined into one common duct that goes to the roof. Ventilation is based on draft arising from temperature differences.

If we're talking about about forced ventilation, then special ventilation systems with sensitive elements are installed that open and close the dampers as needed.

Reasons for poor performance of the ventilation system

There may be several reasons why your ventilation system may begin to malfunction:

• Errors in planning the ventilation system of the entire building: both during calculations and directly during installation.
• Accumulation of various debris in ventilation ducts.
• Damage to the ventilation system of neighboring apartments, for example during renovation, which caused a disruption in the movement of air flow in the ventilation.

Before installation new ventilation, try to deal with the old one. Your problem may be solved by simply cleaning the air duct.

Fan requirements

As a rule, when installing a fan, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

• Low noise level when the fan is running (no more than 30 dB);
• Sufficient distance from electric heating devices;
• High-quality insulation of electrical wires in conditions high humidity;
• The power of the fan used must be selected taking into account the area of ​​the room and the number of people living in the apartment;
• A complete change of air in the room should occur at least five times per hour.

Types of fans

Main types of fans:

• connecting to a switch and working when the light is on in the bathroom or toilet;
• equipped with special sensors, and turn on automatically when exceeding permissible level indoor humidity;
• equipped with a timer, in which you can independently set its operating time.

In addition, fans differ in design features:

1. Axial– the most simple model. They are also called propeller ones.
2. Radial– provide high pressure in room. They can have straight, backward-angled, backward-curved and forward-curved shoulder blades.
3. Diagonal– a mixture of axial and radial fans.
4. Diametral fans can work with large volumes of air due to the fact that air currents pass along the entire perimeter of the impeller.

Determine the location where your fan will be placed. The most optimal location for the fan is the wall opposite the door.

Install the fan into the hole in the ventilation duct, if necessary, widening the opening to the required diameter.

Lay it carefully electric wires away from the fan so that they are minimally exposed to moisture and are not visible.

Connect the fan to the switch.

Secure the fan itself and its grille either with liquid nails or self-tapping screws.

To reduce the noise produced by a running fan, when installing the fan, place an additional layer of sealant between it and the wall.

Ventilation options: through the bathroom to the toilet or through the toilet to the bathroom

Typically, the air vent is located in the toilet. There are two ways to organize ventilation between the toilet and the bathroom: either by laying a separate ventilation pipe from the bathroom to the air outlet duct in the ceiling space, for example, or install two separate fans: one in the wall between the bathroom and the toilet, and the other in the toilet, to the air outlet duct.