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Concrete is one of the most popular building materials used in repair and construction work. This material is used by everyone - from small private farms to large industrial enterprises. The demand for concrete is constant, and reaches its peak value during the period favorable for construction - from May to October. Therefore, opening a mini-factory for the production of this material is a profitable business that will bring regular income.

On registration of a concrete production enterprise

1. To open a factory, you must register entity(OOO). This legal form should be chosen because it is safer and provides more possibilities to conduct this business.

In case of failure, the founders of the LLC risk only the authorized capital.

Before starting production activities, you must also choose one of the taxation systems: OSNO ( general system taxation) or simplified taxation system (simplified taxation system).

If the income from the commissioning of a concrete production plant will not exceed 60 million rubles, then it is preferable to choose the simplified tax system, since this system exempts from paying income tax, VAT, and property tax.

Otherwise, you should select BASIC. With this taxation system, it is necessary to keep a full account. accounting and paying all general taxes.

2. In the process of preparing organizational and legal documents, you will need to indicate the following OKVED code: 26.63 – “Production of ready-mixed concrete”.

3. For organization technological process you need to familiarize yourself with the rules:

• GOST 26633-91 – “Heavy and fine-grained concrete. THAT";
• GOST 27006-86 – “Concrete. Rules for selecting the composition";
• GOST 10060.0-95 – “Methods for determining frost resistance”;
• GOST 10181-2000 – “Concrete mixtures – test methods”;
• GOST 18105 – 86 – “Concrete – rules for strength control”.

Concrete production technology

Used in construction in accordance with normative document - GOST 25192 concrete is classified according to grades, classes and its characteristics. In this business plan we will consider only the important and useful information required for the production of concrete mixture.

Raw materials

To prepare a classic solution, the following raw materials are required:

1. Cement is a binder that is the basis of a concrete mixture. It is a gray powder that crystallizes and hardens when moistened.
2. Construction sand. According to GOST 8736-93 sand is bulk material, the grain size of which should not exceed 0.5 mm.
3. Crushed stone is a mineral with grains larger than 5 mm, produced by crushing gravel, rocks or slag.
4. Ballast is a mixture of gravel and sand. A mixture with a ratio of 1:3 (one part river sand for three small gravel chips). This composition is sometimes referred to as the "General Mixture".
5. Water. For the production of concrete mixture, only clean water without foreign inclusions is used. There are no clearly established standards for water consumption, since its costs are determined by the moisture content of other raw materials.

Concrete production includes the following stages:

1. Preparation of raw materials

Typically, operations for the preparation of raw materials - removal of contaminants, crushing of aggregates - are carried out at enterprises that supply them for sale. At a concrete production plant, only special activities are carried out (preparing chemical additives, grinding cement, heating aggregates) when the need arises. Since performing these operations entails additional payment costs utilities and the purchase of special equipment. These operations include: the production of solutions of chemical additives, grinding cement, heating aggregates in the cold season.

Let's take a closer look at each of the events:

• preparation of chemical additives - the process of dissolving in clean water additives followed by setting a certain concentration of the solution. To perform this procedure, containers with a pipeline system are used, which are designed to mix solutions of chemical additives using compressed air.
• Cement grinding can be done using wet or dry methods. Thanks to this operation, it is possible to speed up the hardening process of the final material - concrete. However, activation (grinding) of cement is not always carried out, since this requires additional costs energy and the availability of special equipment.
• Heating of aggregates is carried out in special bunkers or covered warehouses.

The heating stage of aggregates can be carried out using one of two methods:

1. Passing hot air, steam or gas through the filler. This method is more economical, but to implement it it is necessary to take measures aimed at reducing steam losses;
2. Contact heating method using combs and steam pipes, which are placed in bunkers.

2. Dosing the mixture

Dosing– measuring the consumption of raw materials for mixing the concrete mixture.

Typically, factories use weighing dispensers, thanks to which it is possible to measure the consumption of cement and water with a minimum error. If concrete production is carried out in the field, then volumetric dispensers are used for measuring. During this operation, the moisture content of the constituent components, especially sand, must be taken into account.

3. Stirring

The cement and aggregates are thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Depending on the characteristics and type of concrete mixture, use various methods stirring. If in concrete mixture If coarse-grained mobile mixtures with aggregate made of hard and dense rocks are included, it is advisable to use gravity concrete mixing plants.

In such equipment, mixing is carried out as a result of repeated dropping and lifting of materials from a given height during rotation of the mixing drum.

Mixing of lightweight concrete and fine-grained mixtures is carried out in forced-action concrete mixing equipment. In this equipment, a homogeneous mass is obtained by mixing materials using blades and other devices. Sometimes enterprises perform vibration mixing. This method ensures the activation of cement, which has a positive effect on the strength of concrete.

The quality of this process directly depends on the duration. Insufficient duration of this operation can lead to deterioration of the properties of the concrete mixture.

Equipment for concrete mini-plant

Typically, automated lines are used in stationary and mobile concrete mini-plants. Such lines include the following equipment:

1. Cement silo. 40 m 3, 60 tons. Price – 477,900 rubles.
2. Dispenser for aggregates (fabricated concrete - Fig. 5). Price – 260,000 rubles.
3. Mixer for exposed concrete (Fig. 6). Price – 43,300 rubles.
4. Mixer for basic concrete (Fig. 7). Price – 46,540 rubles.
5. Auger (Fig. 8). Price – 135,000 rubles.
6. Dispenser for aggregates (basic concrete) (Fig. 9). Price – 320,000 rubles.
7. Belt conveyor (Fig. 10). Productivity – 50 m 3 per hour. The diameter can be 200, 400, 500 mm. Price – 90,000 rubles.
8. Reducer. Price – 100,000 rubles.
9. Lift. Price – 50,000 rubles.
10. Return exit conveyor. Price – 95,000 rubles.
11. Rail loader. Price – 80,000 rubles.
12. Plate conveyor. Price – 50,000 rubles.
13. Cement and water dispensers. Price – 150,000 rubles.
14. Control panel cabin (Fig. 11). Price – 100,000 rubles.

The total cost of the equipment is 1,997,740 rubles.

Business plan for a concrete production plant

A building material production plant must include the following divisions:

1. Cement warehouse;
2. Aggregate warehouse;
3. Boiler room;
4. Administrative and utility plant;
5. Support service block.

Premises for these units will be built. It is planned that the company will produce the following products:

1. Heavy concrete (M 250) – annual production volume – 360,000 m 3;
2. Heavy concrete (M 350) - annual production volume - 640,000 m 3.

Total – 1,000,000 m3.

Capital expenditures

Costs for construction and installation work (construction and installation work) – 280,786,000 rubles;

Equipment costs – 1,997,740 rubles;

Other costs – 20,315,500 rubles;

Total: 303,099,240 rubles.

Costs of raw materials and materials

The need for raw materials and materials is established based on the consumption rates of these components per unit of production or annual production volume.

To produce an annual volume of concrete M 250, the following raw material costs are required:

1. To produce the annual volume of concrete M-250:

• cement – ​​13,860,000 tons;
• crushed stone – 28800 m3;
• sand – 16500 m3.

2. To produce the annual volume of concrete M-350:

• cement – ​​26880000 tons;
• crushed stone – 48,000 m3;
• sand – 28,800 m3.

Let's calculate the cost of purchasing raw materials:

1. For the production of concrete M-250:

• for cement: 138,600 tons * 2,800 rubles = 388,080,000 rubles.
• for crushed stone: 28800 m 3 * 900 rubles = 25,920,000 rubles.
• for sand: 16,500 m3 * 500 rubles = 8,250,000 rubles.

2. For the production of concrete M-350:

• for cement: 26,880 tons * 3,000 rubles = 80,640,000 rubles.
• for crushed stone: 48,000 m 3 * 700 rubles = 33,600,000 rubles.
• for sand: 28800 m 3 * 600 rubles = 17,280,000 rubles.

Total: 553,770,000 rubles.

Payroll costs

To start a concrete production plant, the following personnel are required:

• administrative and managerial staff – 5 people;
• for the concrete mixing shop – 9 workers;
• for a cement warehouse - 12 workers;
• for the aggregates warehouse – 9 workers;
• for the support services block – 10 workers;
• drivers – 4 workers;

The total number of workers at the plant is 49.

Annual fund wages includes the following expense items:

• salary of administrative and managerial personnel – 4,800,000 rubles;
• salary for concrete mixing shop workers – 4,320,000 rubles;
• salary for workers at a cement warehouse – 4,320,000 rubles;
• salary of workers at the aggregates warehouse – 3,240,000 rubles;
• salary of workers for the support services block – 2,400,000 rubles;
• salary for drivers – 960,000 rubles.

Total: 20,040,000 rubles.

Other costs

Indirect costs (per year) – 250,000 rubles per year.

Costs for maintenance and operation of equipment (per year) – 186,679,000 rubles;

Shop costs (per year) – 800,000,000 rubles.

General plant costs – 825,000,000 rubles.

Total costs (per year) – 2,385,836,500 rubles per year.

Revenue

Revenue for the year (sales of concrete):

• heavy concrete (M-250) – 360,000 m 3 * 3900 rubles = 1,404,000,000 rubles.
• heavy concrete (M-350) – 640,000 m 3 * 4,100 rubles = 2,624,000,000 rubles.

Total: 4,028,000,000 rubles.

Annual revenue excluding VAT – 3,302,960,000 rubles.

Calculation of technical and economic indicators:

Net profit – 917,123,500 rubles.

Production profitability is 38%.

Payback period - 303,099,240/917,123,500 =0.33 years or about 4 months.

conclusions

Having made calculations, we established that the payback period for the plant will be 4 months. This indicator shows that selling concrete is a profitable business and the building material is in demand on the market.

In fact, now factories are not only colossuses built in Soviet times and European colossuses - industry leaders. There are also mini-factories that are quite capable of creating good competition in the hands of even a small business. And this specific type has its own undeniable advantages, which can and should be used.

Advantages of small production complexes

Mobility. Naturally, the main advantages come from the main difference between such plants - their size. Mini-factories usually do not cause difficulties in assembly. And there is no need to look for an area of ​​several hectares; accordingly, it is possible to significantly save on rent. And if necessary, quickly arrange a move for your plant.

Economical. Savings are evident in everything. Starting from the prices of production equipment and ending with the amount of expenses for wages. After all, the mini-complex will employ a much smaller amount of human resources. However, remember that often repair and preventive work they are not so economical.

Efficiency. Such mini-factories use technologies that differ from standard enterprises. This is a new branch of production development, so the use of other resources coupled with technology allows us to develop faster and more efficiently.

Environmental friendliness. Nowadays, especially if you follow the path of European standards, and it is almost impossible not to do this on the world market, environmental friendliness for your enterprise will not remain in last place. The processes of waste processing, the use of recyclable materials - all this not only ensures the required level of “cleanliness” of the plant and environment, but is also a powerful marketing tool in the right hands.

Exclusivity. The ability to create a non-standard, use customized solutions and stand out from competitors in every possible way. And the price for such things differs greatly from the market price for standard things.

Support from the state. Now in different countries, including in Russia, many programs have been created to support the development of small business ideas. If you plan to use socially significant areas, you have every chance of receiving subsidies from government agencies. Environmentally friendly production, by the way, refers specifically to the subsidized area. And not necessarily only businessmen starting a business in the capital can count on this. Small towns are also eligible for the program, and starting a business there is often easier. (By the way, many people start with garage production).

Variety of species

At this stage of development of this area of ​​business, several main directions can be distinguished, based on the industries to which mini-factories belong.

Building sector. These are enterprises producing various types Construction Materials, concrete, brick, mixtures for mortars, different types tiles - from paving to ceramic, building materials for external and interior decoration premises.

Food industry. This includes food processing (for example meat or milk), canning, production of alcoholic and soft drinks, production of bakery products. And complexes designed for catering establishments.

Processing industry. There are complexes for processing waste, garbage, and recyclable materials.

Packaging industry. Container production, packaging production.

Light industry sector. Manufacturing cosmetics, perfumes, household goods, textiles.

It should be noted that this is only a small part of a possible list consisting of those industries that are now most popular among entrepreneurs. They are the ones who have good performance returns and the ratio of payback and invested resources. But in no way should you limit yourself to this when choosing a direction. So, you can, for example, opt for the woodworking industry, or a complex for the production of hardware products; fortunately, in the market for such services, the choice is not limited in any way. And all you have to do before making a choice is to evaluate the optimal price-quality ratio for you, focusing on your desires and capabilities.

As for choosing a manufacturer for your future equipment, the choice here is also not limited, including countries. So, if earlier entrepreneurs in our country settled on offers mainly from Western manufacturers, now everything larger number businessmen choose China. Their quality is constantly growing, bringing to the world market brands that are no longer inferior to other European brands, and their prices compare favorably. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with all the available offers, as well as with the reviews of those who have already used this or that product. The benefit of worldwide access to information network allows you to do this with maximum coverage.

Offers from Chinese equipment manufacturers

Brick production. The raw materials for this industry are clay or waste from metallurgical and mining industries, as well as cement and water. Pigment-containing substances are used for coloring. For the production of hollow bricks - sawdust.

Milk production and processing. With the help of complexes in this industry, milk is filled into containers. As well as the production of dairy and fermented milk products. Such as kefirs of various fat contents, yoghurts, butter and cheeses, koumiss. The mini-plant’s capacity is enough to achieve processing rates of up to 20,000 liters of milk various types- cow, camel, mare, goat.

Production of foam blocks. To set up production, you do not need to master complex high technologies, and the process itself allows you to get by with small financial investments. But it is ideal for those entrepreneurs who want to develop their business in construction industry. The excellent quality of such mini-production and at the same time a competitive advantage will be the fact that such production does not require space, it can be organized directly on construction site, thereby reducing a significant part of the costs for the logistics component. Also, the entrepreneur, in addition to saving, gets the opportunity to control the quality of his products, which directly affects demand. The payback period for a foam block production plant is extremely fast compared to other types of production.

Garbage recycling. Distinctive feature This type of production complex is that you will need to obtain licenses from the relevant services. Fire department sanitary and waste processing license. However, as mentioned earlier, it is the environmental orientation of the business that will allow you to become a participant in entrepreneurship support programs and receive a grant for the development of your business.

Production of compound feed. If you are planning to grow your business in the industry Agriculture, or you are a farmer yourself, wanting to reduce the cost of purchasing and delivering feed for your farm, then this area is for you. The production complex allows us to focus on the production of complete feed for animals and birds, feed concentrates and balancing feed additives.

Release toilet paper. The raw material in such production is waste paper. Again, in this regard, the social role of your enterprise increases, and you can count on various benefits and subsidized support from the state. Well, the demand for such products will never weaken, which means that with the right planning and strategy for your business, you can achieve good results.

Price of the production complex

The cost of a mini-plant varies based on the cost of equipment, the necessary costs of delivering the complex to the buyer, customs costs for paperwork and taxes. Prices on the market vary depending on the completeness of such plants, as well as the power of the equipment and its productivity. Therefore, as was written earlier, it is better to spend more time analyzing all the offers on the market and reduce possible costs already in the first steps of your business.

So, for example, a complex allows the production of porous bricks, made in China with a productivity of 10,000 pieces per eight-hour work shift will cost around 25 thousand dollars. But the same mini-factory, capable of producing 10 times more in one shift, and also producing paving slabs, will cost $130,000. Therefore, you need to choose knowing exactly what volumes you need and already having an idea about selling your own product.

Production complexes for the production of foam blocks at prices start from 100,000, but can easily reach up to two million rubles. Again, perhaps you will find a favorable offer from a Russian supplier. Then the costs of delivery and customs clearance will be reduced.

For one million rubles you can also find complexes from the processing industry food products that will allow you to produce mayonnaise, ketchup, sauces, canned fish, juices and nectars, purees, marinades, chips, vegetable oil, but perhaps you have a goal for one specific product and then you will be able to choose something cheaper. There are many options.

But production lines for processing milk and meat are initially more expensive. Prices start from two million and sometimes reach 20-30. But a mini-canning plant can cost only 500,000.

When it comes to waste recycling, the price varies depending on what types of waste you will be recycling. If these are tires, from which the output will be rubber crumb, then you will find a price tag of one and a half million, but processing PET and PVC is much more expensive - about 10 million.

How to choose?

If the choice fell on foreign technologies, please note that it will be more convenient to make a purchase through an intermediary company that will take care of all the details. There are plenty of specialized offices on the market. They will not only take care of the paperwork, but in some cases will also deliver the goods and produce required installation. Of course, their services are not free, but in the end you will save both time and nerves, and the costs of specialists can be recouped by a quick start and the absence of unexpected situations during the first tests of the equipment.

Remember that you should already know in advance the sales corridor for your future products. You should also know about your competitors and how demand behaves. All this should be reflected in the business plan. This is the only way to achieve a high-quality development strategy for your business and not lose money and time.

If all costs, both mandatory and probable, are taken into account, if all steps not only for organizing production, but also for its immediate development are outlined, then you will be able to get your first real profit very soon. And the difficulties that in any case arise at different stages of organizing any business will not make you give up.

You can find another 1000 best business models in the sections: or

Often, many people who decide to become entrepreneurs have a desire not only to make a profit from their business, but to directly take an active part in it - to work and produce goods themselves. However, how to do own production uninterrupted and in demand? We invite the reader to answer this question in this article.

What is in-house production?

First you need to understand the terminology. From an economic point of view, any production is a process associated with the manufacture of various types of products.

Commercial activity is a set of measures aimed at making a profit by performing transactions for the purchase and sale of goods or services.

The concept of “own production” (or production activity), in turn, means that a person is personally involved in the manufacture of something. This is what we will talk about today.

Where to start your own production? Choosing a Specialization

Firstly, this will significantly reduce the initial investment in the business for the reason that the demand for the product being produced will be, although not numerous, but stable (an ideal starting point for the development of small capital).

Secondly, personal participation in the production of a product will help you focus on it, and this, in turn, will be a good motive for increasing the quality of products and improving the technological process.

Naturally, high-quality products of your own production will have a good reputation in the market, which will be another undeniable advantage for the entrepreneur.

There can be a lot of options here: from making small household items ( decorative shelves, candlesticks, etc.), souvenirs, knitwear, etc. artistic forging(for example, various window grilles, gates) and furniture.

However, one should not lose sight of the fact that there are products for which a license is required.

Formation of legal and material foundation

The further development of one’s own production has two options: depending on its focus and volume, a person who decides to organize a business can conduct his activities as an individual entrepreneur ( individual entrepreneur) or legal entity.

Last option will do if the entrepreneur plans to work with medium or large production.

• Official registration of your activities with the relevant authorities.
• Purchasing or renting premises where business will be conducted in our case).
• Purchase or rental of special equipment necessary for production.
• Salaries of employees, as well as expenses for them (for example, registration work book, purchasing accessories necessary for work, etc.).
• Marketing and advertising activities.

The last point is worth paying attention to Special attention for the reason that today people advertise almost everything: their business, home production, services provided, etc.

There are a lot of options for good and truly effective advertising today. For lower costs, you can limit yourself to hiring several promoters or advertisers (as a rule, special notice boards are set up for advertising).

We involve working staff in the business

It's no secret that in any production business is necessary without it, household will not last long (if they can exist at all).

If we are talking about small production, then the best option a team of workers will be hired under the leadership of a foreman. When hiring, it is best to give preference to specialists who are well versed in the field of production.

In addition to the worker, it is necessary to hire and usually this is: a driver (part-time courier), loader, storekeeper, measurer. Some specialties and positions can be combined.

Sources of financing

Any business, unless, of course, the entrepreneur has serious intentions, requires significant investments.

Many businessmen who deal with production activities prefer to take loans from banks. The fact is that today many banks regard such production as profitable business and they are happy to finance it by issuing a targeted loan to the entrepreneur.

Often, various types of promotions are carried out in relation to entrepreneurship, allowing a businessman to receive loans on fairly favorable terms for the business (most often, these types of privileges apply to agriculture).

Opening a production facility from scratch is a rather labor-intensive process, especially in our country, where the problem of availability of jobs is quite acute. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully calculate your capabilities in order for your business idea to be profitable.

Directions for activity

Ideas for business are so diverse that sometimes it is difficult to decide which production is profitable to open. An approximate list of existing areas:

• production of building materials: factories for the production of bricks, tiles, metal tiles, foam blocks, floor coverings;
• food production: flour mills, wineries, meat factories, food factories instant cooking and semi-finished products;
• service sector: dry cleaning factories, educational companies;
• production of household items: plastic windows, fittings, furniture, disposable tableware

The process of organizing your own business occurs in stages, and each step on the way to achieving the goal involves solving some organizational issues. Only careful study and implementation of each item will contribute to the development of your business in the future.

Stages of organizing your own production

1. Formation of an idea . When choosing a field of activity for a business, do not forget that a childhood dream alone is not a guarantee of a successful process. If you are thinking about where to open your own production, it is best to implement your ideas in the market segment in which you have experience and skills.
2. Development of a business plan . The most important point, which is the framework for further activities. The business plan lays out all the production and financial aspects relating to the initial and further costs for the effective conduct of business.
3. Choice production premises . When turning to the food sector, keep in mind that in this niche the sanitary standards are the highest. In addition, it is necessary to correctly calculate the square footage of the main room, as well as utility and storage areas, if any are needed.
4. Preparation of a package of documents . To quickly open production from scratch, you need to compile and formalize a list of all permitting documents and certificates. Do not forget that your company will be regularly monitored by various services.
5. Recruitment . The type and volume of your activity determines how qualified workers you will need and in what quantity. In the food industry, when working with children, and some other types of activities, staff must have sanitary records.

Search for suppliers and buyers . Advertise your production, study markets for suppliers of raw materials and sales of products in order to develop an impeccable customer base for selling goods.

Encyclopedic reference: production - the production of food, medicine, consumer goods and other products not for personal needs, but for sale (exchange).

Do industrial activities appeal to you more than commercial ones? This article will help you learn more about how to open your own production and what to pay attention to first. initial stage.

Step by step to uninterrupted production of in-demand products

Step one: choose a specialization

It is advisable to start production with a narrow specialization. Firstly, this will help reduce start-up investments, and secondly, it will allow you to focus on improving the technological process, producing high-quality products and thus gaining a reputation in the market. There are many options for specialization: from the production of dumplings to the production of plastic windows or paving slabs. Please note that some types of production activities are subject to licensing.

Step two: we form a legal and material base

Depending on the specialization and volume of future production, you can act as an individual entrepreneur or register a legal entity. Last option - optimal solution for medium or large manufacturing enterprise. You can accurately answer the question of how much it costs to open a production facility yourself if you calculate the main cost items:

Company registration;

Purchasing or renting premises;

Purchase or rental of equipment;

Hiring staff and paying wages at the first stage, when there is no stable profit;

For example, you decide to produce plastic windows. You will need:

Production room

Spacious workshop with an area of ​​250–400 sq. meters. Need to take care of good lighting and ventilation. Optimal temperature in the workshop - +18 °C, regardless of the time of year (violation temperature regime will cause difficulties when welding plastic). The gate to the workshop should be wide enough to ensure convenient loading of finished products and unloading of raw materials.

Warehouse space

To store components, fittings and finished products, a dry, ventilated and well-insulated place is required. closed room for storage

The production line consists of cutting, impost, milling machines, equipment for profile welding and corner cleaning. In addition, you will need racks for storing tools and materials. Also needed in the workshop are assembly tables, an air dryer, a compressor and various pneumatic tools.

Step three: we are recruiting staff

A small production needs a boss (foreman) and a team of workers. When hiring workers, give preference to specialists who have experience working on the type of equipment that you have installed. In addition, you will need a storekeeper (this position can be combined), a driver if you plan to deliver your products, and other specialists (for example, installers and measurers).

Where can I get money?

Opening your own production requires significant capital investment and may require a loan. Most types of production activities are regarded by banks as a profitable business, and therefore you can get a targeted loan for business development. Also keep an eye on banking and government programs: you can often get funds on favorable terms. For example, as part of a program for the development of private entrepreneurship or agricultural development.

Underwater rocks

Due to significant start-up costs, the payback period for a manufacturing enterprise can take years. At the initial stage, it is especially important to monitor the distribution of profits and correctly set up accounting and tax reporting.

Let's sum it up

The answer to the question of whether production is profitable depends on how seriously you take its launch and development.