When it comes to the next ceiling repair, which often happens once every few years, already at the very first stage they begin to pile up various difficulties financial and technical plan. When choosing a standard finishing method using various water-based and water-dispersion paint compositions, at a minimum, it is necessary to move out of the room or close it for a sufficiently long period. In this case, furniture, walls and flooring inevitably suffer.

Advantages of installing a stretch ceiling

Installing a stretch ceiling is a great way to avoid all these problems. The installation technology itself has long been brought to perfection. Moreover, the installation of a stretch ceiling does not require any special labor-intensive expenses for preparing the room, and all work is carried out practically without the formation of dust and dirt.

Stretch ceiling structures do not interfere with the installation of various lighting fixtures, as well as all kinds of communications related to alarms, ventilation or electrical wiring.

All PVC films used are fireproof. They do not support the combustion process, and at high temperatures they only melt without emitting any harmful substances. Therefore, choosing a stretch ceiling within a few hours will seriously and permanently solve the problem of installing a ceiling surface in any room.

As a rule, at the first stage, managers of any reputable company introduce the client to the available product range tension materials. And this is where the main problems begin for the customer. Due to the wide variety of textures and colors available stretch fabrics Sometimes it can be quite difficult to make a specific decision. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly explain to the designer the planned style of the room, and he will quickly outline the range of all suitable options.

Next, the company's technologist takes careful measurements of the proposed premises and transmits the results to production. The accuracy of all measurements taken is the key high-quality installation the entire tension system. Well, this is definitely not the client’s concern anymore! And good specialists with extensive capabilities of modern measuring instruments will quickly and efficiently complete the task.

And now the long-awaited day of installing a stretch ceiling comes. For specially trained personnel this does not present any particular difficulties and within a few hours the selected room will take on a completely different look. The installation process itself is as follows:

All the efficiency of carrying out installation work due to the fact that PVC film for each specific room is a single piece, which is cut out and subsequently welded in strict accordance with required sizes. Thus, the installation of suspended ceiling structures of any complexity for standard room does not take more than 4 hours. Despite its apparent simplicity, the installation of a stretch ceiling must be carried out in strict compliance with a certain technology and only by specially trained personnel. Only in this case will the installation be completed quickly and efficiently!

TO modern species decorative finishing of apartments and houses can be safely attributed to suspended ceilings. The wide range of colors and glossy surface of the material used makes the interior beautiful and practical. Simple technology installation of suspended ceilings allows installation even by a beginner home handyman.

The fabric for suspended ceilings is made from polyvinyl chloride or fabric impregnated with polyurethane. PVC film can withstand loads of up to 100 kg per 1 square cm.

As an example, let’s look at the technology for installing a stretch ceiling made of PVC film. Modern tension PVC ceilings are able to withstand a mass of water in the event of flooding from above. Collected water can be easily removed without removing the ceiling. To give the ceiling its original appearance, it is enough to heat it with a heat gun over the entire surface.

Stretch ceilings can be installed within a few hours. In practice, installation can be performed by any home craftsman with one assistant. To do this, read the article to the end and familiarize yourself with the rules and recommendations.

Necessary materials

Stretch ceilings are mounted on a special profile (baguette). This profile is also called harpoon due to the method of fastening the PVC sheet. Stretch ceilings are attached to a baguette with a special soft profile called a “harpoon”.

It is welded to the edge of the blade. Baguette is made of aluminum or plastic.

The required accuracy for measurements is up to tenths of a centimeter. Dimensions in centimeters are recorded first along the perimeter and then diagonally.

The amount of baguette corresponds to the perimeter of the room. The profile should fit tightly together, so add another 10 cm to the resulting perimeter. This margin will allow you not to make mistakes when trimming the profile at the final stage of fastening.

To secure the profile to the wall, use plastic dowels 6 x 40 mm. To install lamps on the ceiling, wooden dies are mounted. For their installation, U-shaped suspensions are used.

To close the gap between the wall and the ceiling, use a decorative plug (insert). It must be purchased in quantities equal to the number of profiles (baguettes).

For convenient installation spotlights Plastic platforms and tread rings are used.

PVC canvas can be ordered by size from companies that install suspended ceilings. There you can also buy glue for thermal rings for lighting devices and a flexible plug (plinth) between the canvas and the wall.

Installation tool

To install a stretch ceiling you will need the following set of tools:

• Water or laser level
• Pencil and measuring tape
• Heat gun, propane gun
• Spatulas for installing stretch ceilings
• Clamps for fastening stretch ceilings
• Electric drill or hammer drill
• Concrete drill with a diameter of 6 mm
• Screwdriver
• Painting thread
• Hammer
• Hacksaw or grinder

Installation technique and operating principle

The technology for installing suspended ceilings made of PVC film includes six stages:

1. Marking
2. Fastening the profile (baguette)
3. Installation of embedded parts for lighting devices
4. Web tension
5. Installation of lamps
6. Installing the plug

Ceiling height

The height of the stretch ceiling can be lowered by 3 cm from the existing ceiling. If recessed luminaires are used, the ceiling is lowered to the height of the luminaire.

A laser or water level is used for marking. Determined horizontal plane, and marks are placed on each wall. At the marked points, beat a line with a paint tapping cord.

Drilling holes

Along the marked lines, in increments of 7-15 cm, drill holes 6 cm deep using a 6 mm concrete drill. At the joints, the step is 1-2 cm.

Frequent steps will ensure reliable fastening of the profile to the wall. Plastic dowels are driven into the holes.

It is important to know! The profile should be positioned so that the joint with the adjacent profile does not fall into a corner. It is fastened with self-tapping screws into dowels to the wall and, if necessary, it is cut from the side that is adjacent to the wall, and then bent at the desired angle.

We use plywood to mount the chandelier

Almost any chandeliers and lighting fixtures can be installed in the ceilings. To attach the chandelier, plywood 10 mm thick and 20 x 20 cm in size is used. It is secured to the ceiling with U-shaped brackets, dowels and screws.

Important to remember! The limitation for spotlights in a suspended ceiling is power. It should not be more than 50 W.

Before the suspended ceilings are attached to the molding, the lighting wiring is installed. The wiring is placed in a corrugated sleeve and secured with clamps to the floor slabs.

Stretch PVC film

When stretching the PVC film, the room should warm up to +60 degrees. Available on premises houseplants It is recommended to remove it. Warming up is done with a propane heat gun.

At this temperature, the film becomes elastic and convenient to work with. A soft profile for fastening (harpoon) is welded along the edges of the canvas. On the canvas, the manufacturer marks the base angle from which installation begins.

At two opposite corners, the film is attached to the profile with clips. When the canvas has warmed up, its harpoon is driven with a spatula into the groove of the baguette until it snaps into place.

The pattern for stretching the fabric looks like this: corners - middle. Important to remember! The film is heated during the entire installation time.

Installing a thermal ring

In the place where the lamp will be (under the plywood blank) a thermal ring is glued. After the glue has dried, the film inside the profile is cut along the contour. Through the hole, a lighting device is attached to the embedded part using wood screws.

A decorative insert (plug) is inserted into the gap between the wall and the suspended ceiling. She will close the gap and hide minor irregularities walls. The installation of the stretch ceiling is complete.

To more clearly see how to install suspended ceilings with your own hands, the video below will help you.

1.1. This technological map has been developed for a set of works on the installation of Clipso suspended ceilings in residential and administrative buildings in order to improve the appearance of the premises, as well as to use the space between the ceiling and the ceiling for laying engineering communications for various purposes (ventilation ducts, electrical and low-current wiring, pipelines). The purpose of creating the presented technological map was the need to propose a recommended flow chart for the work, show the composition and content of the technical specifications, examples of filling out the necessary tables.

On the basis of this technological map, technological maps can be developed for the installation of other suspended ceiling designs with different stylistic decisions in relation to specific operating conditions of the premises. The technological map under consideration can be tied to a specific object and accepted design dimensions, and can also be used in the development of work projects (WPP). At the same time, production schemes, volumes of work, labor costs, mechanization means, materials, equipment, etc. are clarified.

1.2. To link or develop technological maps as source data and documents, the following is required:

• working drawings of structures and dimensions interior walls and ceilings of premises;
• building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, VSN, SP);
• instructions, standards, factory instructions and technical specifications (TS) for the main materials used (ceiling sheet, fastening fittings, etc.);
• unified standards and prices for construction and installation work (ENiR, GESN-2001);
• production standards for material consumption (NPRM);
• progressive norms and prices, labor organization maps and labor processes, used in the construction of brick external walls.

2. General provisions

2.1. For the installation of a stretch ceiling, a fabric is used, proposed in 1997 by the Swiss company Clipso A.G. The basis of the stretch ceiling is fabric made on a wide loom in the form of a single piece. synthetic fabric complex knitted knitting. The fabric is impregnated with a special polyurethane composition. This fabric has no seams and turns suspended ceilings into a perfectly flat, solid surface. The advantage of such a seamless stretch ceiling over film stretch ceilings is undeniable.

Clipso seamless stretch ceilings do not require such precise measurements as film stretch ceilings. Clipso fabric is supplied in rolls of various widths, and the stretch ceiling is cut according to the maximum linear dimensions of the room from the roll of the nearest width. All other complications of a given room (protrusions, corners, curved sections, size fluctuations) are implemented on site directly during the installation of the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling. Components such as polyester and polyurethane used in the manufacture of the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling are environmentally friendly, which allowed Clipso A.G. obtain a European certificate for the installation of your suspended ceilings in children's and medical institutions.

2.2. Seamless fabric stretch ceilings Clipso (Clipso) are much more durable than standard version from PVC. In addition, the main property of the new ceiling sheet from Clipso is heat shrinkage with a coefficient of 1.2.

Fabric made using technology from Clipso (France) can have a clear graphic pattern, because due to the uniform density of the loops, it will not deform when stretched or shrinked. The special technology of weaving such a fabric allows us to weave 87 columns in 90 rows for every 5 cm. However, a fairly dense weave does not weigh down the fabric; its weight is per one square meter is only 220-240 grams. Due to the dense weaving and uniform distribution of thread tension, the fabric “breathes”, but at the same time does not allow moisture to pass through.

2.3. The advantage of the technology for manufacturing tension seamless Clipso ceilings(Clipso) is their seamlessness. The absence of seams means that the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling does not tear and lasts for quite a long time. Besides the beautiful performance characteristics, Clipso stretch ceilings allow you to create a perfectly flat surface and a uniform pattern without seams or deformation. The highest aesthetic properties and elasticity of the Clipso stretch ceiling fabric allows it to be bent, giving it any shape. The technology for installing suspended ceilings also allows lighting fixtures to be built into them.

2.4. Clipso ceilings can be considered vandal-resistant, since they are not afraid of many operational hazards, such as flooding, sunlight, cuts and punctures. Thanks to double-sided polymer impregnation, the ceiling canvas is super strong and will withstand even strong mechanical pressure. In addition, Clipso stretch ceilings are frost-resistant. Clipso fabric can withstand frosts down to -40 degrees without losing its performance characteristics, which makes Clipso seamless stretch ceilings made using this new technology suitable for installation even in unheated rooms. The fabric of Clipso seamless stretch ceilings can be painted both before and after installation - this makes it possible to obtain a ceiling of a unique color in the room. It is possible to apply any digital image (photo or drawing) to Clipso seamless ceilings.

2.5. Before installation of Clipso suspended ceilings in the premises begins, construction, installation and special work specified in the working drawings, including finishing, must be completed, except for final painting or wallpapering of walls various types, and the installation of utilities has also been completed (wiring of lighting fixtures, installation of fire extinguishing system structures, laying of pipelines, etc.).

2.6. Work on installing the Clipso ceiling should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

• SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production;
• SNiP 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings”;
• SNiP 05/31/2003 " Public buildings administrative purpose";
• SNiP 31-03-2001 " Industrial buildings»;
• SNiP 2.09.04-87* “Administrative and domestic buildings” (ed. 2001);
• SNiP 21-01-97* " Fire safety buildings and structures";
• SNiP 23-01-99* “Building climatology”;
• SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
• SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

3. Organization and technology of work execution

3.1. Clipso ceiling products vary in color and purpose. The most popular stretch ceilings are standard white or colored Clipso, which in their qualities and properties are suitable for the vast majority of consumers. However, for certain cases, Clipso has developed special specific products - anti-moisture, anti-dirt, acoustic, transparent and anti-bactericidal ceilings.

In addition to creating a simple, perfectly flat ceiling, it is possible to create suspended ceilings complex shapes in several levels (Fig. 1).

3.2. Canvases for suspended ceilings, unlike PVC films, are installed without a thermal process, on a plastic baguette (clip), which allows you to reliably strengthen the canvas and give the ceiling an aesthetic appearance. Between the base ceiling covering and the CLIPSO stretch ceiling it is possible to install thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials, as well as a fire alarm. Design idea and the latest technology allows you to create an interior and give each room uniqueness, and with the help of a plotter it is possible to apply any high-quality images to the texture of the Clipso ceiling canvas.

The range of Clipso fabrics includes colored fabrics (beige, pink, gray, black, light green, blue), as well as special types of fabric, in particular: acoustic fabric with the properties of a sound-absorbing membrane (black and beige colors) and translucent fabric for creating illuminated ceiling and wall structures. The color of the fabric can be created at the customer's request to create a specific room design. The canvas is supplied in rolls of 50 or 100 linear meters. The rolls have "net" widths of 2.00 m, 2.50 m, 3.00 m, 3.50 m, 4.00 m, 4.50 m and 5.10 m.

3.3. The technology for installing seamless ceilings of the Clipso system is based on the Swiss system of rapid installation of ceiling and wall surface structures. It allows you to quickly and efficiently create an ideal ceiling surface that meets European standards. To install a stretch ceiling, you must have: a stepladder, a special CLIPSO spatula (Fig. 2), a hammer drill, a screwdriver, plastic dowels, self-tapping screws, a hair dryer, and white cloth gloves. It is recommended that the installation of structures be carried out by two workers. Before starting work, the room must be cleared of dust and debris. The canvas is installed in a special extruded profile (baguette) Clipso, made of PVC and having a complex cross-section. Profile weight - 0.190 g/m, length - 2 m.

Preparatory work

3.4. Clipso textile fabric undergoes impregnation, spinning, drying and colandering modes. The canvas is made of polyester, evenly impregnated with a special mixture containing polymer and dye. The polymer has elastomeric characteristics. The main (basic) element of the polymer is polyurethane, which has polymerization properties and allows you to create a highly environmentally friendly material with the necessary mechanical characteristics. Clipso fabric is 15 times stronger than PVC film. The main property is that the fabric has the property of heat shrinkage with a coefficient of 20%.

The technology for measuring and installing a Clipso stretch ceiling is much simpler than measuring and installing PVC film. For installation, it is enough to know only two room sizes: maximum length and width, without the dimensions of protrusions and radii of curved sections. Based on these dimensions, the standard size of the canvas closest in width is selected, with a margin of at least 20 cm, and cut from the whole roll along the length with a minimum margin of 20 cm. The fabric is cut according to the configuration of the room directly during installation, which virtually eliminates errors during measurement, but requires installers highly qualified.

After measuring the room, the Clipso textile fabric is prepared in accordance with the results obtained.

3.5. To attach the Clipso stretch ceiling, a special profile is used, which is mounted around the perimeter of the room. Depending on the area and features of the application, the profile is fastened to the ceiling or walls (Fig. 3). The profile reliably fixes the Clipso fabric, preventing it from sagging, and if necessary (for example, leaks from above, when it is necessary to remove part of the ceiling to drain the water ) it is possible to re-install the canvas into the same profile.

The profile does not require any special overlays or elements to create an aesthetic joint between the wall and the stretch ceiling - the latter looks stylish, neat and modern.

3.6. At the first stage, the profile is attached with glue around the perimeter of the room - either to the ceiling (Fig. 4) or to the walls (Fig. 5).

At wall mount it is necessary to use any building level. The connection in the corners will be tighter if you cut it at an angle of 45° (Fig. 6).

The final fastening of the mounting profile is carried out using self-tapping screws in advance. drilled holes. The distance between the screws should be no more than 7 cm. At the joints of profiles and in corner joints, the screws are attached along the edges at a distance of about 1-2 cm (Fig. 7).

Basic work on installing a stretch ceiling

3.7. At the second stage, the canvas is unrolled indoors and temporarily fixed in a baguette in the middle of the walls using a special Clipso spatula. The edges of the canvas (about 5 cm) should remain behind the baguette (free edges). After temporarily securing the canvas in individual places, the entire canvas is secured with a spatula along the entire perimeter. The distance between fastening points should not exceed 80 cm (Fig. 8).

3.8. By alternately pulling the canvas by the free edges from the middle to the corners (Fig. 9), it is necessary to achieve a uniform distribution of the canvas without wrinkles. Free edges should be the same width. Fixing the fabric in the corners (20 cm per side) is done last.

The final stage of work

3.9. At the final stage, any folds and wrinkles that have arisen are straightened out using a hair dryer. The defective area is heated with circular movements of the hair dryer at a distance of about 20 cm. The free edges of the canvas are cut off with a sharp knife along the lower edge of the decorative strip (Fig. 10).

3.10. When performing work on installing a suspended ceiling, it is necessary to take into account the presence of various engineering systems and communications in the room. Indoors, as a rule, there are ceiling lamps and chandeliers, ventilation ducts and channels with installed air distribution devices and grilles, elements of alarm systems and fire safety, fragments of other engineering systems.

Installation of lamps is carried out on a counter part pre-fixed to the ceiling or on a special fastening element or on installation fittings (Fig. 11). In the required place, the Clipso sheet is cut in a circular or cross motion (Fig. 12) and the electrical and mounting fittings are released. A lamp is attached to them (Fig. 13). There should be a gap of about 0.8 mm between the bottom of the lamp and the stretched surface of the canvas.

If random dirty spots During installation work, it is necessary to use any liquid detergent. Washing the ceiling will ensure the original whiteness of the canvas.

3.10. Working hours

3.11. Labor cost calculation

Table 1

	Job title		Scope of work	Rationale (standards)	Labor costs
					Per unit, person-hour	Total, person-hour
	General marking of the walls of the room
	Installation of mounting profiles (special baguette)
	Installation of profiles for installing fasteners (luminaires)
	Installation of fastening elements of lamps	100 parts
	Measuring and cutting edges of Clipso fabric
	Laying out the canvas, securing it in a baguette, leveling
	Installation of lamps	1 lamp
Total labor intensity					96.89 person-hour
Note The standards used in the calculation are ENiR-1987 (Unified standards and prices).

4. Requirements for the quality of work

4.1. Control and assessment of the quality of work when installing suspended ceilings is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents:

• SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings;
• SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production.

In order to ensure the required quality of the installation of Clipso suspended ceilings, work must be subject to production control at all stages of its implementation.

4.2. Production control is divided into input, operational (technological), inspection and acceptance. Quality control of work performed must be carried out by specialists or special services equipped with technical means that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control. The main control is assigned to the head of the production unit (foreman, foreman) who performs the work on installing the tension fabric.

When installing suspended ceilings in the interiors of buildings, the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87, given in this table 2, must be met.

table 2

	Subject, composition and scope of control, maximum deviation	Control methods	Control time
The maximum size of the ledges between the slabs and baguette slats		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per one (50-70 m2) room	Upon complete inspection
Membrane tension, no deflection	No wrinkles or irregularities, mirror-like surface	Visual	Upon complete inspection
Deviation of the entire plane of any ceiling level diagonally, vertically and horizontally	From the design value no more than 1.5 mm	Measuring, over the entire plane no more than 7 mm	During the follow-up inspection
Deviation of the corners of the joints of the ceiling levels from the vertical	1 mm per 1 lm	Measuring	Upon complete inspection

4.3. Incoming control

This control is carried out to identify deviations from the project requirements and relevant standards. Incoming control is carried out by checking by external inspection and measurements, as well as control tests in cases of doubt about the correctness of the characteristics or the absence of the necessary data in the certificates and passports of manufacturers. The results of incoming control are documented in the Act.

During incoming inspection, it is necessary to check the compliance of materials and products arriving at the site with current standards, technical specifications and other documents and requirements. In the absence of certificates, the quality of products and materials must be confirmed by laboratory test results. Number of products and materials to be input control, must comply with the standards given in the technical specifications and standards.

4.4. Operational (technological) and inspection control

Operational control is carried out during production operations in order to ensure timely detection of defects and take measures to eliminate and prevent them. Control is carried out under the guidance of a foreman or foreman. During operational (technological) control, it is necessary to check the compliance of the main production operations with the requirements established building codes and rules, suspended ceiling design design and other regulatory documents.

During operational control the following must be checked:

• quality hanging material(no dark spots, cracks);
• quality of structures and surfaces of premises;
• quality of installation and fastening of frame elements;
• horizontal (vertical) planes of slats and baguette;
• uniformity, verticality or horizontality of the coating.

After eliminating all defects, it is necessary to draw up a Certificate of hidden work, allowing subsequent work to be carried out on covering the baguettes with a stretch ceiling fabric. Drawing up Inspection Reports for hidden work in cases where subsequent work must begin after a long break should be carried out immediately before subsequent work is carried out. results operational control must be recorded in the work log.

4.5. During inspection control, it is necessary to check the quality of the work performed selectively at the discretion of the Customer or the General Contractor in order to check the effectiveness of previously carried out production control. This type of control can be carried out at any stage of execution construction work and suspended ceiling devices.

The results of quality control carried out by the Customer’s technical supervision, designer’s supervision, inspection control, and comments of persons monitoring the production and quality of work must be entered in the Work Production Log and are also recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in Appendix 1*, SNiP 3.01 .01-85*). All acceptance documentation must comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85*.

4.6. The general contractor must present to the customer’s representative a work log, inspection reports for hidden work, protocols, executive documentation, certificates and passports for the materials used, samples of installed materials and finished coatings for comparison with the requirements of the project, technical specifications, norms and standards. To assess the quality of materials, samples must be taken and tested in accordance with applicable standards and specifications.

4.7. Acceptance control

The quality of work is ensured by meeting the requirements for compliance with the necessary technological sequence when performing interrelated work and technical control over the progress of work set out in the Construction Organization Project and the Work Performance Project, as well as in the Operational Quality Control Scheme of Work. Acceptance control is carried out on the basis of these documents, the work production log and on the basis of an acceptance inspection.

An example of filling out the Operational Quality Control Scheme is given in Table 3.

Table 3

Name of operations subject to control	Subject, composition and scope of inspection, maximum deviation	Control methods	Control time	Who controls
Maximum size of ledges between slats		Measuring, at least 5 measurements on 50-70 m surface	Identified by continuous inspection	Foreman, master
Deviation of the plane of the entire finishing field diagonally, vertically and horizontally (from the design) by 1 m - 1.5 mm	7 mm over the entire surface			Foreman, master

4.8. At the construction site, a General Work Log and a Author's Supervision Log of the design organization, and a Ceiling Construction Log should be kept. The installation of suspended ceilings must be done after installing and fastening all frame elements (in accordance with the project), checking the horizontalness of its plane and compliance with the marks.

4.9. The permissible relative deflection for suspended ceilings is allowed to be no more than 1/250 of the span. Clipso ceiling structures must withstand up to 100 liters of liquid per 1 m2. Seamless stretch ceilings are stronger than film ceilings. In addition, in the event of accidental damage, their material does not diverge further in the direction of the cut. Due to their physical properties, they can be used in any room with an operating temperature from -20 to +50.

5. Need for material and technical resources

5.1. Mechanization of construction and special construction work must be comprehensive and carried out in sets construction machines, equipment, small-scale mechanization, necessary installation equipment, inventory and fixtures. Means of small-scale mechanization, equipment, tools and technological equipment necessary for performing insulating and finishing works, must be assembled into standard kits in accordance with the technology of the work performed. When choosing machines and installations, it is necessary to provide options for replacing them if necessary. If the use of new construction machines, installations and devices is envisaged, it is necessary to indicate the name and address of the organization or manufacturer.

5.2. Approximate list of main necessary equipment, machines, mechanisms and tools for performing work are given in Table 4.

	Name of machines, mechanisms, machine tools, tools and materials			Quantity
	Stepladders
	Scaffold
	Pliers
	Screwdrivers
	Screwdriver
	Hydraulic level

6. Safety precautions and labor protection

6.1. When carrying out work on installing suspended ceilings, it is necessary to comply with the rules given in VSNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements”, SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production", fire safety rules provided for by GOST 12.1.004 "Fire safety. General requirements" and SNiP 12-04-2002. It is also necessary to comply with the requirements of GOST 12.3.002-75. Production processes. General safety requirements and RD 102-011-89 Labor protection. Organizational and methodological documents.

6.2. Responsibility for the implementation of safety measures, labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire and environmental safety rests with the work managers assigned by order. The responsible person exercises organizational management of the work directly or through the foreman. The orders and instructions of the responsible person are mandatory for all workers at the site.

6.3 Labor protection for workers must be ensured by the issuance of necessary funds individual protection (special clothing, shoes, etc.), implementation of measures for the collective protection of workers (fencing, lighting, ventilation, protective and safety devices and devices, etc.), sanitary facilities and devices in accordance with current standards and the nature of the work performed. Workers must be provided with the necessary working conditions, food and rest. The work is carried out in special footwear and overalls. All persons on construction site are required to wear safety helmets.

Safety decisions must be taken into account and reflected in organizational and technological maps and work flow diagrams.

6.4. The timing of work, its sequence, and the need for labor resources are established taking into account the safe conduct of work and the time for compliance with measures that ensure the safe execution of work, so that any of the operations performed does not constitute a source of industrial hazard for simultaneously performed or subsequent work. When developing methods and sequence of work, hazardous areas that arise during the work should be taken into account. If it is necessary to perform work in hazardous areas, measures must be taken to protect workers. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone workplace training in safety precautions, industrial sanitation, trained in work techniques and have a certificate authorizing the work are allowed to install ceilings.

6.5. Sanitary facilities must be located outside hazardous areas. A first aid kit with medicines, a stretcher, fixing splints and other means for providing first aid must be kept and constantly replenished in the workers' rest trailer. medical care. All workers on the construction site must be provided with drinking water. Work with mechanisms, devices, equipment and tools must be carried out in accordance with the instructions for their use.

The installation of suspended ceilings is carried out with a specialized tool that ensures the mechanization of the process of assembling the ceiling frame.

6.6. Workers must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment. Workers performing work must know:

• hazardous and harmful to the body production factors of the work performed;
• harmful substances and the components of the materials used and the nature of their impact on the human body;
• rules of personal hygiene;
• instructions on work technology, workplace maintenance, safety precautions, industrial sanitation, fire safety;
• rules of first aid.

6.7. Considering the specifics of the work, it is necessary to carry out the installation and finishing of ceilings only by specialized organizations with experience in the installation and finishing of these structures.

The person responsible for the safe performance of work is obliged to:

• familiarize workers with the Work Technological Map for signature;
• monitor the good condition of tools, mechanisms and devices;
• Explain to employees their responsibilities and the sequence of operations.

6.8. The equipment, fixtures and accessories used during the work for installation of the Clipso stretch ceiling must comply with the safety conditions for performing the work. The supply of materials to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Materials and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that they do not create a danger during work and do not restrict passages. Illumination in work areas should be uniform, without the glare of lighting devices on workers. To protect the head of a worker from mechanical damage during work, it is necessary to use helmets, GOST 12.4.087-84.

6.9. When installing suspended ceilings, devices are used that are designed for convenience and safety of work (scaffolding, universal collapsible scaffolding, inventory tables) depending on the height of the room and its volume. Devices should not be a source of hazardous production factors.

6.10. When the working floor height is 1.3 m or more, it is necessary to install protective fences. The height of the protective fences must be at least 1.2 m. Live parts of electrical installations must be insulated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to touch. Places where electric welding works are carried out must be freed from combustible materials within a radius of at least 5 m, and from explosive materials - 10 m. Metal parts of electric welding equipment that are not energized, as well as elements and structures being welded, must be grounded for the entire welding period.

6.11. When working with a mounting piston gun, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the “Safety Instructions for the operator working with a mounting piston gun PC-52-1.” Sawing of elements for suspended ceilings and other materials should be carried out in specially designated areas where persons not involved in this work are not allowed.

7. Technical and economic indicators (150 m2)

Technical and economic indicators are presented in relation to the installation of Clipso suspended ceilings in a room (hall) with a total area of ​​150 m2.

prof. St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University. -

St. Petersburg, 2012

Stretch ceiling is perhaps the most the best way decorating the top part modern interiors. It allows you to hide all the unevenness of the real ceiling covering, is quite durable and aesthetically pleasing. There are two types of suspended ceilings - PVC and fabric, and the first is especially popular due to its good technical specifications and a fairly attractive price.

The ceiling, made of polyvinyl chloride film, is designed to serve its owners for a long time, maintain the aesthetic appearance of the room and be environmentally friendly. However, the quality of such a ceiling and the ease of its installation will directly depend on the type of coating chosen.

The types of film for suspended ceilings presented on the domestic market have the following technical characteristics:

• Thickness from 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm;
• Strip width up to 5 m (usually about 2.7 m);
• Maximum pressure from 100 kg/sq.m.

The thicker the PVC, the more noticeable the seams will be on the ceiling, however, with proper installation, even the thickest film, the seams remain almost invisible.

If you want to avoid joints as much as possible, then it is better to choose a film with a strip width exceeding the width of the room. Some manufacturers produce quite wide options. However, when choosing a film, first of all, you should pay attention to its quality, and not to its width, so that the ceiling looks fresh and flawless for as long as possible.

Despite its small thickness, PVC is a fairly durable material that can easily withstand, for example, a shot of a champagne cork or a flood from careless neighbors. However, in the second case, eliminating the consequences will require calling technicians who will dismantle part of the ceiling, drain the accumulated water, and then use a special device to dry, warm up the film and reinstall it.

Film for suspended ceilings: differences

PVC is an ideal option for suspended ceilings also due to the wide range of options for this coating on the market.

Namely:

• With a matte surface;
• With satin surface;
• With a glossy surface.

The glossy ceiling reflects the entire room, and therefore visually enlarges the room. Matte finish complements cozy atmosphere and it can be confused with regular painting. Satin finish is a grainy, glossy finish.

The type of film should be chosen depending on the room in which it will be stretched. Glossy film can be chosen in a variety of colors, while matte film, after installation, can be painted in the desired color using regular acrylic paint. To install a PVC ceiling, a special device is used that warms up the temperature in the room. Under the influence of heat, the film becomes stretchy and is easy to install. After completion of the work and restoration of normal temperature, the film is reassembled, forming a perfectly smooth ceiling covering.

However, not all types of film are installed this way. Not long ago, a special type of film appeared on the market - Cold Stretch, that is, cold tension. According to the installation instructions for this film, there is no need to heat it before installation. This significantly simplifies the work of installing a stretch ceiling and relieves the residents of the house from an unpleasant odor during repair work. Such films have not yet gained sufficient popularity among customers, in particular due to the price issue.

Manufacturers of films for suspended ceilings

The quality of the future ceiling directly depends on the choice of film, or rather its manufacturer. Finding a good manufacturer means making a deposit for a future carefree and long life without repairs.

On the market you can find films produced in the following countries:

• Germany;
• France;
• Russia;
• China;
• Belgium.

German film Pongs is the most expensive on the domestic market. And for good reason, the quality of this film is excellent. This film is environmentally friendly, and its width can reach 3.25 m, so during installation there will be no need to make frequent solders. Among other types of German film, the brands Lackfolie, Mattfolie and Descor are also distinguished, but the first two are separate trade marks the same Pogs, and the latter is not PVC at all.

Among German brands There is also Renolit, however, due to the wide production network of the enterprise, the production of this film is mainly carried out in China, only sold at European prices.

The French brand Alkor Draka, which is actually produced in the Netherlands, has no negative characteristics either among employees or among customers, however, due to the small width of the rolls (2 m), adhesions are visible when installing it, and the price of the film is quite high. On this moment There are no active manufacturers of good film in Russia, but the products of the Kazan Artificial Leather Plant may remain in the old deposits of repair organizations. However, for justifiable reasons, it is better to abandon Russian PVC in favor of a Chinese analogue for the same price, but the quality is much higher.

Film factories in China are represented in the PVC market by several brands: Botai, MSD, Hailide, Longwei and Yuli. However, the only really good options are MSD and Hailide, which can easily be confused in terms of quality and appearance. Belgium offers PVC brand Polyplast, but you should note that this film is actually produced in China, and not of the best quality, that is, Polyplast just sells Chinese film.

When choosing a material for a stretch ceiling, you don’t need to chase the brand; first of all, you need to pay attention to quality and discard stereotypes: sometimes expensive does not mean reliable.

Characteristics of MSD film for suspended ceilings

The most optimal combination price-quality at the moment is Chinese MSD film, which is not in vain the most popular choice of customers at present.

MSD has the following differences from its analogues:

• Canvas width up to 5.1 m;
• Made from Korean environmentally friendly plastic;
• The manufacturer does not use chalk in the composition, so it is more durable;
• Features of machine production do not involve moving mass from one machine to another, therefore the amount of dust is minimized;
• Meets all fire requirements and compliance standards.

The main disadvantages of using this film can be considered a high percentage of its counterfeits, since it uses in great demand and other dishonest companies are trying to make money on this.

The quality of MSD film is already indicated by the fact that some unscrupulous companies in domestic apartments install MSD instead of German or French film, and customers do not complain and are satisfied with the result.

What kind of film should be used for suspended ceilings (video)

Usually repairs are expensive for the customer. But you shouldn’t save on a suspended ceiling. Indeed, in this case, its service life will be reduced, and repairs will be required much earlier.

A beautiful and smooth ceiling sets a positive tone for the entire room, regardless of whether we are dealing with a huge conference room, a high-tech office, a living room, a kitchen, a corridor or even a bathroom. For a long time, a perfectly leveled plastered ceiling was at the peak of popularity, then suspended ceilings came to replace it, and today more and more people prefer stretch ceilings. And this is quite natural; they have a lot of advantages. Stretch ceilings are quickly manufactured and installed, you don’t need to breathe putty dust and cause chaos throughout the house, they are very light and durable, you can be completely sure that nothing will ever fall on your head or fall off. And most importantly, a variety of colors and textures will allow you to create your own style, individual and unique. In this case, the configuration of the room is not significant, and the current state of the ceiling is not important at all.

You can install such a ceiling anywhere; it is not afraid of direct sunlight, changes in temperature and humidity, and is easy to clean.

Essence and cost

In essence, a stretch ceiling is a canvas that is stretched and fixed to special cornices or profiles. The result is a perfectly flat surface with high performance properties. The canvas can be fabric, but the most popular are those made from PVC film; they are quite durable, easy to install and use.

The average cost of a stretch ceiling is comparable to the cost of a plastered ceiling. However, the price can vary significantly depending on the type of fabric (matte, satin, gloss) and the country of its production, profiles (plastic or metal), availability additional elements(lamps, chandeliers, cornices), number of corners in the room.

Preparation for installation

The walls and ceiling must undergo appropriate preparation before hanging the ceiling.

First of all, the walls must be smooth, that is, at least plastered or covered with plasterboard. Special attention should be given to the corners, they should be straight. Failure to comply with the angle configuration can have very dire consequences. If, for certain reasons, the angle is not straight (an architectural solution, a design move), then this must be taken into account when taking measurements.

The ceiling must be cleaned of old coating, especially putty, and thoroughly dried. Interpanel and joining seams must be carefully sealed - foamed or covered with special mastic. The use of putties for this purpose is not recommended.

For full confidence It is advisable to prime the ceiling surface. This won’t take much time, but it will definitely protect you from fine dust and grains of sand, which, falling onto the film, can ruin its appearance.

Required Tools

Among the global devices required, first of all, a heat gun and a gas cylinder.

Everything else can be found in any garage or storage room:

Construction water level. The bigger, the better;

Laser level. Indispensable when tapping out the fastening lines of baguettes; using a regular level at this stage is very risky and difficult;

Roulette. At least along the length of the largest wall;

Hammer. Depending on the type of walls, you can get by with a good drill, or you will need a powerful impact tool;

Screwdriver. It must be very compact, since you will have to work right under the ceiling;

Flat spatula or spatula. Several are better.

Plus, depending on the height of the ceiling, you need one or more ladders or reliable tables.

Installation technology

The technology for installing a stretch ceiling is very simple and does not take much time. Initially, the room is carefully measured; at this stage, all the nuances regarding the number and location of light sources, arrangement of the frame, and other things are agreed upon. The data obtained in this way serves as the basis for the production of all components by the manufacturer. Ready set components installed directly on site. The film heated above 65 degrees is stretched from corner to corner and tucked into pre-mounted profiles. Heating is carried out with a heat gun directly at the installation site. The canvas can be installed on the frame using cam, wedge or harpoon fastenings.

Choosing a mounting method

The installation technology is largely determined by which fastening mechanism is chosen. The cam method uses a special profile rigidly fixed to the wall. One side of the profile is adjacent to the wall, the second is a spring-loaded cam. Using a spatula or a regular spatula, the folded edge of the polyvinyl film is tucked under the cam, which securely fixes it. By stretching, the canvas creates additional pressure, which catches the burr of the springy cam and presses it even harder.

The wedge installation method is more common. With this technology, a baguette with two landing grooves is attached around the perimeter of the room. The edge of the film is wrapped in the first of them, after which a special wedge (bead) is driven in. The film wedged in this way is securely held in the baguette. The protruding edge of the film is cut off, after which a decorative strip is inserted into the second groove, which hides the place where the film fits and gives the entire structure additional rigidity.

Third possible way fastening is harpoon technology. In this case, along the perimeter of the finished film, cut according to the size of the room, is welded plastic profile, resembling a harpoon in appearance. The harpoon is inserted into seat on a baguette and is securely fixed there using a hook-hook. This technology has a number of advantages over others, in particular, it allows for harmless dismantling of the film, and saves installation time directly on site, since most of the work is done using preliminary preparation. The fastening mechanism is covered with a decorative plinth.

Installation procedure

The first thing you need to do before starting installation work is to decide on the depth of the ceiling. Having chosen the depth, you need to mark it on one of the walls, and then use a building level to transfer it to all corners. Using the ready-made corner guidelines, draw installation lines around the entire perimeter. Using the broken control lines as a basis, mounting moldings are installed. Baguettes are secured with small diameter dowels (6-8 mm) and screws of the required length.

It is important to be especially careful at this stage, as it is often possible to encounter electrical wiring. To avoid damage, you should first assess the location of the wires; the sockets, switches and electrical boxes present will help with this. If, under existing conditions, it is impossible or dangerous to fasten a wall profile properly, it is better to use a ceiling profile.

After installing the baguettes, we begin arranging places for future chandeliers and lamps. For fastening all types of lighting fixtures, embedded consoles are installed. There are many ready-made options, but if necessary, you can make them yourself using plywood or OSB. The consoles are attached to the ceiling in the right places, and the wires are routed through them.

The next stage is hanging the film. To do this, unroll the canvas and, using special tongs, attach it to the baguettes in the corners of the room. All flammable substances and objects that are contraindicated for high temperatures should be removed from the room.

Using a heat gun connected to gas cylinder, carefully warm the canvas over the entire area to 70 degrees. This step requires caution because high temperature It is quite easy to damage furniture and room furnishings. The heated film is tucked into baguettes. You can perform this procedure using a regular construction spatula or a special spatula. In essence, there is no difference; each master has his own acquired technique. The result in any case should be at a high level. If there are small wrinkles or small folds on the ceiling, do not worry, as the film cools, it will stretch and they will disappear.