Ceiling design in wooden house most often it is a kind of “pie” of two outer layers of sheathing, fixed to the attic floor beams, between which one of the types of insulation is laid. Them no less In addition to this system, there are other ceiling designs.

How to make a ceiling in a wooden house correctly to avoid heat leakage from the premises and prevent cold air from entering from the attic? This question faces every owner of such buildings. In addition, an equally important point is the interior decoration of the ceiling, since the appearance of the entire interior will depend on its appearance. Therefore, you need to consider whether the surface will be additionally sheathed with decorative material.

But first, you need to consider in detail the main structure, its installation, as well as all the materials necessary for it.

Construction of the attic floor and ceiling

Any wooden structure covered with beams, which are the basis for covering the ceiling and floor of the attic or second floor of the building. There are three main ceiling designs: suspended, panel and deck.

false ceiling

The shear structure diagram looks like this:

1 – hemmed ceiling boards;

2 – floor beam;

3 – rolling casing;

4 – insulation material;

5 – vapor barrier film.

• It is most convenient to carry out installation, starting with attaching the vapor barrier film to the floor beams on the side of the premises. It is stretched and nailed to the beams with staples using a stapler. The vapor barrier sheets are overlapped with each other by 100 ÷ 150 mm and, after being secured to the beams, they are glued together using construction waterproof tape.

The vapor barrier can also be laid after the bottom filing is completed, then the film will cover not only the boards fixed below, but also the floor beams. This is especially convenient if fine-grained expanded clay is used as insulation. If this option for laying insulation is chosen, it is carried out from the attic side.

• Ceiling boards are mounted on top of the film. Often, instead of boards, they are used particle boards(chipboard or better - OSB) or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

The filing is selected depending on what decorative coating the ceiling must be fixed on top of it. It should be noted that when choosing decorative finishing as wooden lining, it is used for lining the ceiling, without preliminary installation of sheet material or boards.

• Further, the work is carried out from the attic side, but before carrying it out, it is necessary to take care of safety. Since under no circumstances should you step on the sheathing boards, you need to lay a temporary boardwalk perpendicular to the floor beams and you can only walk on it during work, periodically shifting it to the required distance.
• Between the floor beams, insulation is laid or poured onto the vapor barrier film. The choice of this material will be discussed below.

• If selected roll insulation produced in mats or backfill, it is recommended to also cover it on top waterproofing film, for which you can use dense polyethylene or roofing felt. It is secured with brackets to the floor beams.
• Rolled sheathing is laid on top of the insulation and waterproofing, which will serve as the floor of the attic.

Another way of installing all the components is to carry out the entire process from the attic, but it is not only uncomfortable, but also extremely dangerous, since To The hemming has to be carried out in an awkward position. If this method of work is chosen, then a temporary boardwalk made of strong, thick boards that can withstand the weight of the master must also be laid.

Flat ceiling

A flat ceiling differs from a suspended ceiling in the absence of floor beams when installed in a room. If the rooms are small, no more than 2500 mm wide, and each of them will be covered separately, then such a ceiling design is quite suitable for its installation.

• In this case, the ceiling boards are fixed on the load-bearing walls of the building or on a beam nailed to the walls along the perimeter of the room at a distance of 120 ÷ 150 mm from their top.
• Boards for flat ceiling you need to choose fairly thick ones - at least 50 mm, since insulation and parts that form the attic floor will be mounted on them.

It should be taken into account that if the boards are installed on timber, it is recommended to lay it on brackets made of reinforcing rods driven into the wall, and additionally secure it with nails or self-tapping screws.

It is advisable to choose lining for the flooring, which is connected using special grooves.

• Next, from the side attic space the boards are covered with a vapor barrier.
• An insulating material is laid on top of the film, which is covered with a waterproofing film, secured to the walls with staples.
• Then, on another row of fixed timber or on load-bearing walls, plank flooring is laid - the attic floor.

Panel ceiling

This ceiling consists of individual panels combined into one structure. Most often, panels made on the floor are lifted and laid on supporting beams, and then connected to each other.

Each panel consists of the following elements:

• A box or shield made of two beams and boards.

The timber is installed like a log, at such a distance from each other that the internal distance between them is 600 mm. This width is considered optimal, since most insulation materials made in mats have it.

• Then a vapor barrier film is laid in the resulting box.
• Insulation is laid on top of it, which is covered with waterproofing. It is secured to the side bars.

In this form, the panel is lifted onto the floor beams. If ready-made blocks make them small, it will be easy to raise them to a height, and then combine them into a solid structure with upper plank cladding.

• When fastening individual panels from the side of the beams, insulating material should be laid between them to close the “bridges” of cold penetration.

It should be noted that some craftsmen prefer to assemble panels at a height, immediately along the entire length or width of the room, since it is not possible to lift it entirely due to its rather large weight.

Would you like to learn more about ceiling designs?

Thermal insulation materials for ceiling insulation

It is very important to choose the right insulation material, since not only the warmth in the house, but also the safety of the residents will depend on this. If the wood can be processed independently flame retardant impregnations, then when choosing insulation, you should immediately pay attention to the marking on its flammability class, which should be placed on the packaging.

Criterias of choice

When purchasing insulation material, you need to focus on the following criteria:

• Low thermal conductivity.
• Moderate density.
• Low hygroscopicity, i.e. the material should absorb moisture minimally.
• Minimum flammability, which is indicated on the packaging in letters and numbers:

— NG – non-flammable material;

— G 1 — low flammability;

— G 2 — moderate flammability;

— G 3 — medium flammability;

- G 4 - highly flammable.

• It is equally important to pay attention to the ability to smoke formation when smoldering insulation, since smoke can be as dangerous as fire. This parameter has designations from D1 to D3, respectively - low, medium and high smoke generation.
• Another parameter related to fire safety is flame spread. RP 1 ÷ RP4. The speed of fire spread is classified according to the same principle as the first two parameters - from low (1) to high (4).
• The environmental friendliness of the insulation - it should not immediately or over time emit fumes hazardous to humans into the environment.
• Easy and quick installation.

Durability of the material without loss of its performance qualities.

Soundproofing properties - ability suppress external noise (for example, the sound of heavy rain or hail knocking on the roof), maintain silence in the house.

The table shows the main physical and technical parameters of the most commonly used insulation materials:

Materials	Thermal conductivity coefficient, W/m×°С	Thickness in mm is appropriate.R=1.2 m²×°C/W	Density kg/m³	Operating temperature, °C	Vapor permeability Mg/(m×h×Pa)
Polyurethane foam	0,025	30	40÷60	-100 to +150	0.04÷0.05
	0,07	36	30÷-45	From - 50 to +75	0,14
Polyethylene foam	0,045	56	35	-60 to +90	0,1
Styrofoam	0.03	60	40÷125	-50 to +75	0.23
Stone wool	0,047	56	35÷150	-60 to +180	0.53
Glass wool	0,056	67	15÷100	-60 to +480	0.53

It makes sense to briefly consider the additional characteristics of the most popular insulation materials presented in the table.

Types of mineral wool

One of the most popular insulation materials, and deservedly so, is mineral wool. This term refers to several materials that are made from various natural raw materials, so the technical characteristics may vary slightly:

Table comparative characteristics varieties of mineral wool.

Name of parameters	Stone wool	Slag	Glass wool
Limit temperature of use, °C	up to 1000	up to 250-300	from -60 to +450
Average fiber diameter, µm	from 4 to 12	from 4 to 12	from 5 to 15
Hygroscopicity of the material in 24 hours (no more) %	0,95	1.9	1.7
Taunting	No	Yes	Yes
Thermal conductivity coefficient, W/(m-K)	0,035-0,042	0,46-0,48	0,038 -0,046
Sound absorption coefficient	from 0.75 to 95	from 0.75 to 0.82	from 0.8 to 92
Presence of binder, %	from 2.5 to 10	from 2.5 to 10	from 2.5 to 10
Flammability of the material	NG - non-flammable	NG - non-flammable	NG - non-flammable
Selection harmful substances when burning	Yes	Yes	Yes
Heat capacity, J/kg*K	1050	1000	1050
Vibration resistance	No	No	No
Elasticity, %	75	no data	no data
Sintering temperature, °C	600	250-300	450-500
Fiber length, mm	16	16	15-50

Stone wool

Stone wool is made from rocks gabbro-basalt groups and marls. This material has low thermal conductivity, so it perfectly retains heat indoors. The fibrous structure of the insulation, in principle, can withstand heating at 900 ÷ 1000 degrees, but at a temperature of 600 degrees the material sinteres and loses its heat-insulating properties.

Stone (basalt) wool is the most convenient material to work with

A very important quality for installing this type of wool is the absence of thorny, brittle fibers - the material is practically safe for the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and eyes, and for the skin.

This type of insulation can be called “breathable”, so the air in the rooms will not be heavy and stagnant.

Stone wool does not emit toxic substances, therefore it is safe for humans.

It is produced in different forms, convenient for installation work, and in Lately a material has appeared that has an additional foil coating, which helps to reflect the heat rising to the ceiling into the room.

Glass wool

Glass wool is made from broken glass and sand by melting them at high temperatures, reaching 1500 degrees. As a result technological process fibers up to 50 mm long and 4 ÷ 15 microns thick are obtained, which make the material strong and elastic.

Glass wool - performance qualities are not bad, but increased precautions are required during installation

Installation carried out in accordance with all the rules will allow you to preserve the insulation without loss of quality for many years. Glass wool is not susceptible to fungal growth, rodents do not build nests in it, it has low thermal conductivity and can withstand low and high temperatures.

The disadvantages of this type of mineral wool is that its installation is made difficult by the fragility of the fibers, which have fairly sharp edges. Their fragments tend to penetrate under the fabric of clothing, stick into skin, get into the respiratory tract and mucous membranes of the eyes. Therefore, starting installation work, you need to protect yourself by wearing protective clothing, which after completing the insulation process must be packaged and disposed of.

Slag

This type of insulation is made from blast furnace slag, but is capable of withstanding temperatures reaching only 300 degrees without loss of quality, while glass - and stone wool withstand higher heat. When this temperature is exceeded, the slag fibers sinter and, accordingly, lose their insulating functions.

Slag wool is of lower quality, and during installation personal protective equipment for hands, eyes, and respiratory organs is also required

Slag wool is hygroscopic, and when humidity in the environment increases, it easily absorbs it, which leads to a decrease in insulating and soundproofing qualities.

The installation of slag wool must also be carried out extremely carefully, since its fibers are also prickly and can harm the skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, before installation, you need to prepare appropriate work clothes and protective equipment for eyes and respiratory tract.

Types of expanded polystyrene

Many owners prefer to save money, and therefore insulate their houses with the well-known polystyrene foam (more often called polystyrene foam). However, before purchasing it, you must definitely familiarize yourself with the characteristics, since the material has an abundance of significant shortcomings.

There are two types of polystyrene foam - extruded and regular. Although they are, in principle, made from the same starting polymer, they have slightly different characteristics.

Regular foam

Conventional foamed polystyrene (foam) has a fairly porous structure, since it consists mainly of air, and only 2–3% is the polymer component.

The positive qualities of this type of insulation include:

• Foam plastic has low thermal conductivity, the coefficient of which is only 0.03-0.04 W/m×°C.
• The material has good soundproofing properties.
• Polystyrene foam almost does not absorb moisture, which means it is protected from the occurrence of fungus and other forms of microbiological life.
• The insulation is easy to install, as it is easily processed, laid, and fastened. In addition, the material is produced in large panels that can immediately close large area, insulated surface.
• Polystyrene foam is not afraid of the effects of gypsum and lime, cement and salts, as well as coloring compounds on water based.
• The negative qualities of regular and extruded foam are similar enough that they can be combined.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Extruded foam plastic is marked with the letters EPPS and XPS. It has a denser and more uniform structure, so its thermal conductivity is slightly higher than that of foamed polystyrene. The advantages of this material include the following qualities:

• Very low hygroscopicity, even bordering on hydrophobicity.
• Quite low thermal conductivity, amounting to 0.05÷0.07 W/m×°C.
• Easy to install on interfloor ceilings, thanks to its low weight. In addition, most of the produced panels have a special locking part, which makes it possible to easily combine them into a single covering with seams blocked from cold bridges.
• Resistance to deformation - the material is so strong that it is used for underground insulation foundations or laid under a concrete screed.
• Resistance to chemicals of inorganic origin.
• Durability in use correct installation and subsequent cladding of insulation.
• If extruded polystyrene foam has received good external protection, then it is non-toxic, so how it doesn't decompose and does not emit harmful substances.

The disadvantages of expanded polystyrene, inherent in both types, include:

• Quite high flammability of the material. Both types are marked G4 or G 3. Often there is no marking on the packaging providing information about its characteristics, and it is recommended to immediately refuse to purchase such material - it is possible that it has not undergone appropriate processing and may ignite from lower heat than the manufactured one in factory conditions.
• The material does not like high temperatures – already at + 75 – 80 ° WITH the onset of thermal deformation cannot be ruled out.
• When ignited, polystyrene foam begins to melt and becomes fluid, thereby spreading the fire to adjacent materials. This is especially dangerous when mounting it on the ceiling.

• The smoke of burning polystyrene foam is extremely dangerous not only for health, but also for human life, as it contains highly toxic substances that can cause extensive chemical burns to the respiratory system and lead to damage to the central nervous system.
• After a certain time, low-quality polystyrene foam itself begins to decompose, releasing harmful toxic substances that can penetrate through decorative cladding and even through the brickwork of walls.
• Expanded polystyrene is extremely unstable when exposed to ultraviolet rays, so it cannot be kept for a long time in the open sun or without external decoration.
• This insulation dissolves upon contact with organic compounds, such as ethyl alcohol, turpentine, gasoline, acetone and others.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay is made from clay of fusible rocks - it is molded and fired at very high temperatures, more than 1000 degrees. The main advantage of this insulation is its environmental friendliness, since no foreign impurities are used in its production.

One of the most popular insulation materials is expanded clay.

Expanded clay is used for insulation different parts home, including the ceiling. It is often used in combination with other insulation materials to enhance the effect of heat conservation and protect residential premises from external noise.

Expanded clay is produced in different fractions - these can be granules measuring 20÷40, 10÷20 mm, finer crushed stone or even sand. Rejected granules that cracked during firing are usually ground into sand.

In addition to being environmentally friendly, expanded clay also has other positive qualities, which can become indispensable when insulating the ceiling in a wooden house:

Its complete non-flammability will make insulation safe, low thermal conductivity and porous structure will create reliable protection from the cold and the penetration of external noise into the house. Although expanded clay is hygroscopic to a certain extent, it will not absorb moisture unless exposed to spilled water. This means that even increased atmospheric humidity will not be able to reduce its thermal insulation qualities.

Thanks to the same qualities, the material is durable, its service life is almost unlimited. And one more important advantage - insects will never settle in this material.

The porous structure makes the insulation light in weight - it is easy to lift it onto the attic floor. In addition, it is extremely easy to install - you just need to sprinkle it on the prepared surface and distribute it evenly over it. Preparing the floor for backfilling is also simple - it is covered with a vapor barrier film or coated well with clay or lime mortar. When the solution has dried, you can begin filling in the expanded clay.

If winter temperatures the region where the insulated structure is located is very low, then mineral wool mats can be additionally laid on the expanded clay placed between the floor beams.

Video: how to insulate a ceiling yourself

Having completed the installation of the ceiling and reliably insulated it, you can proceed to decorative design the very front surface of the ceiling.

Ceiling decoration

A wooden ceiling can be decorated in the most different materials. The finishing process is facilitated by the flexibility of the wood - you can easily attach any brackets to it for installing panels or drywall, as well as fill shingles for applying, for example, a clay layer, and then plaster.

Cladding

Some home owners prefer to cover the ceiling with clapboard along with the walls. Such cladding can be made of natural wood, or made of polymers or composites - PVC, laminated panels based on fiberboard, etc.

The ceiling lining should not be too heavy, so if wooden lining is chosen, then it should be no more than 10 ÷ 15 mm thick, intended specifically for the ceiling. Before installation, it is recommended to coat the panels, and after installation - with water-based varnish or water-based paint.

Plastic lining itself is lightweight and designed for installation on the ceiling, so all that remains is to choose the color of the material.

Laminated panels are also lightweight and will not create problems during installation. They are produced with various patterns that can imitate the textured pattern of wood or stone.

Lining made of laminated fiberboard (MDF)

• Installation of these materials occurs, in principle, using the same technology. The only issue to be resolved is how the finishing material will be mounted: directly on the ceiling boards or on a fixed sheathing.

The last option is usually chosen in cases where the goal is to additionally or to level its surface.

• The lathing can also be mounted in different ways - it is screwed directly to the surface of the ceiling or lowered by 100 ÷ 150 mm, securing guides made of beams or metal profiles to the hangers to secure the drywall.

Parallel guide battens are fixed in increments of 500 ÷ 600 mm. After completing their installation, they proceed to the installation of the lining.

• On wooden sheathing the trim is secured using special clamps, which are put on the lining tenons, and then attached to the guides with nails or thin screws.

• The installation of lining panels begins from the wall, and it is very important to set the first one as evenly as possible, since both the fit and appearance of the entire resulting coating depend on it.

• If a metal profile is not used for the sheathing, then the panels are attached to it using self-tapping screws screwed through clamps or directly through the tongue of the lining.

After finishing the walls and ceiling, at the junction finishing materials, which will give completeness to all its cladding.

Sheathing with sheet material

TO sheet material The materials used to decorate the ceiling surface include plasterboard and plywood (or OSB). They, just like the lining, can be attached to the sheathing or directly to the false ceiling.

Both plywood and drywall are mounted for additional finishing:

• The plywood is first puttyed at the joints - for this purpose a special wood putty is selected (if for painting, it is better) - and allowed to dry. Then primed and coated with water-based paint or varnish.

Sometimes from below the plywood ceiling in decorative purposes real or false beams are installed. Light, well-dried wood or hollow polymer elements are selected for them.

Decorative plastic hollow “bars” for false beams

• Drywall after fixing also puttyed at joints and in places where screws are screwed in, but for this a gypsum-based mixture is used. Then the seams are cleaned, the surface is primed and painted, and covered with regular or liquid wallpaper.

The use of these materials in a suspended structure allows you to make a two- and even three-tiered one, and not only with regular rectangular parts, , but also with smooth curved shapes.

Video: how to cover with plasterboard wooden ceiling

Ceiling tiles

• The wooden ceiling is also decorated with polystyrene foam tiles, which are glued to a special polymer adhesive, applied pointwise along the edges. This type of tiles is very light in weight, and they easily stick to a flat ceiling.

Installation of plastic tiles on the surface of a plywood ceiling

The slabs are produced in a wide variety - with a smooth white surface, with a relief pattern or with a texture applied to imitate a particular material (wood or finishing stone), and can also have a relief that repeats the ceiling stucco.

Video, finishing the ceiling with polystyrene foam tiles

• In addition, ceiling tiles are made from PVC - they are also mounted with polymer glue. This finish is also light in weight and easy to install.
• Wooden finishing panels are quite expensive. But if they are the ones that can transform the interior, then it’s worth installing them, especially since there are options on sale with a wide variety of relief patterns and shades. Wooden slabs are secured using self-tapping screws, the heads of which are recessed into the thickness of the material, and the holes are then sealed with masking choppers, selected by color.

Wooden decorative panels give the ceiling an exceptionally “rich” look

Today there are no particular problems with purchasing any material you like for finishing the ceiling of a wooden house. It is important to compose correctly sketch of the interior that I would like to receive and indicate on it where and what finishing material will be located. Then, all you have to do is visit a specialized store, take an interest in the assortment and select everything, based on your own draft. After this, you can move on to the ones that will allow you to hide minor shortcomings made during the installation of the ceiling structure itself.

After completion of external construction work country house, we need to get down to something difficult, but necessary process - interior decoration. Usually interior design begins with the question of how to decorate the ceiling in a private house. The proposed article will help you decide on the choice of finishing material.

Finish options

There are many worthy materials for finishing the ceiling in a private home. These are both traditional and modern materials, meeting the most demanding tastes.

The main options for finishing the ceiling in a private house:

• whitewash;
• coloring;
• plaster plinths with stucco molding;
• decorative plaster with baseboards;
• suspended structures;
• wood paneling;
• stretch fabrics;
• structures made of plasterboard sheets;
• wallpaper.

An important role when choosing the type of ceilings in a private house is the need for leveling rough coating. So, if you mount a suspended structure, then level rough surface not necessary. Communications and wiring will close suspended structure.

Any of the options for finishing the ceiling of a private house has its advantages and disadvantages. Which design method to choose depends on the height of the ceilings, interior style, budget, taste and preferences.

Let's take a closer look at some of the materials from which ceilings are made in a private house.

Painting

One of the most simple ways design of the ceiling space. Classic option the surface will become white. But this design is unlikely to be suitable for a bedroom or living room.

The color of the paint should be taken into account. Thus, dark colors visually reduce the height of the room. But painting with light paint, on the contrary, will make the room spacious.

If you still want to use dark tones, then it is recommended to combine them with pastel colors on the walls. You can use decorative coloring compositions with various effects.

Plaster, gypsum or polystyrene foam

Easily mounted on the surface of expanded polystyrene slabs, or gypsum panels and plinths with stucco molding. This coating is usually white, but after installation the panels can be painted in any shade.

A good solution would be to decorate the ceilings of a country house decorative plaster, which can be smooth, textured, imitation marble or patterned panels. But finishing with decorative plaster requires special skills.

Suspended structures and tension fabrics

Due to the peculiar design of the ceilings of a private house, you have to think about how to cover the wiring, ventilation and various elements communications. A suspended plasterboard structure is suitable for this purpose. Lighting fixtures can be mounted to the surface. This LED strips or spotlights.

A correctly chosen hanging structure makes it possible to visually enlarge the space and use various design solutions.

You can combine suspended structures with tension fabrics.

Wallpaper

Decorative wallpaper in the form of stripes can be glued to the surface. You can paste wallpaper of the same color in the bedroom above your head. And for the rest of the ceiling, choose a material of a different color scheme.

To cover the surface with wallpaper, first level it work surface. The coating must be even. Photo wallpaper is suitable for a child's room.

You can add decorative stickers to the wallpaper that imitate a glowing starry sky, or beautiful plants.

Nuances when decorating the ceilings of a country house

When choosing what to make a ceiling from in a private house, you need to take into account the design features of the rough surface of country buildings.

To sheathe the ceiling in a private house from the inside, you must do the following: additional work for rough coating:

1. install thermal insulation;
2. lay hydro- and vapor barrier layers;
3. you need to take care of insulation, and find quality material. For insulation, mineral wool, expanded clay, sawdust and other materials are used.

After installing the necessary layers on the floors, interior finishing begins.

Which ceilings are better?

Sometimes it is difficult to make up your mind and decide which ceilings are best done in a private house. After all, a well-designed ceiling space should not only be beautiful, but warm and practical, with a long service life.

Problem ceiling decoration exists where rooms are not heated in winter. If in such a private house the ceilings are decorated with wood or plasterboard, then in a damp and unheated room the coating will soon become unusable and begin to deteriorate. Therefore, if the house is used only in the summer, then it is best to cover the ceiling in a private house with a suspended structure. Plastic and PVC panels and suspended beam structures are also suitable.

You need to choose something like this facing covering that can withstand temperature changes. You can cover the ceiling of a private house with a stretched vinyl film. This coating does not deform when sub-zero temperatures and will withstand heat.

If a country house is heated in cold weather, and people live there all year round, That better finish for there will be a tree. Wooden ceiling covering, with proper care behind the surface, will last a long time. In addition, this finish is safe, environmentally friendly and durable.

You can cover the ceiling of a private house with plasterboard. This coating allows you to hide almost any defects. base surface. After installing the plasterboard sheets, additional finishing can be done. The surface can be painted, wallpapered, or decorated with plaster.

Low ceiling finishing

The ceilings of a country house are not always different great height. In many private buildings the ceiling height is low. To visually increase the height, you need to seriously consider the question of how to decorate a low ceiling in a private house.

• when decorating the ceiling surface, choose only light colors;
• you can use a glossy finish if a tension fabric is installed;
• When installing lamps in the coating, it is better to abandon bulky lighting fixtures With hanging mount. Such lamps visually reduce the area of ​​the room and take away the already small height of the ceilings;
• in the bedroom, to visually increase the height of the room, you can make a covering that differs in color from the entire ceiling.

Great value for rooms with low ceilings furniture plays. So, if the ceiling decoration is done correctly, but the furniture is tall and massive, then there will be no height-increasing effect.

How to finish a wooden ceiling?

To decide on the choice of finishing materials for the ceiling of a private house made of wood, you need to take into account the features of the ceiling structure:

• the ceilings of a wooden house are lightweight and made using beams;
• There is a space between the beams that is filled with insulating material. The insulated space is covered with finishing;
• a wooden house shrinks, which affects the ceiling covering.

It is best to decorate a wooden ceiling in a private house with wood materials. Natural material is combined with any style of a country house and will support optimal level temperature and humidity.

Important: when choosing wood for finishing ceilings, it is necessary to periodically treat the coating by special means, protecting from moisture.

If you install a wooden ceiling for the bathroom and kitchen, then there is a possibility of mold growth. In rooms with high humidity It’s better to avoid decorating ceilings with wood. Tension coverings are suitable for bathrooms in a wooden house.

Wooden covering

Wood lining is considered the most common type of cladding due to the following properties:

1. good noise insulating and heat insulating properties;
2. the ability to close ceiling defects;
3. no surface preparation required;
4. long service life if you properly care for the ceiling. It is necessary to periodically impregnate the material with a special composition;
5. quick installation;
6. suitable for any design solutions interior

The disadvantages of lining include the possibility of deformation during sudden temperature changes and flammability.

Typically, lining made of pine, linden, oak, and larch is used for ceilings.

Plasterboard finishing

Plasterboard finishing for the ceiling of a wooden house has the following advantages:

1. allows air to pass through well, eliminating the appearance of condensation on the surface;
2. the ability to hide defects and cover wiring with communications.

The disadvantages of plasterboard coating include the inability to attach directly to a wooden ceiling. You need to pre-mount the frame. After installation, additional work will be required. The surface is puttied and painted. You can cover the surface with wallpaper.

Conclusion

When choosing the material and method of fixing the ceiling for a private home, you need to take into account the height of the room, the presence of unevenness and surface defects. Lighting plays an important role, which also affects the visual increase or decrease in the height of the room.

When choosing a ceiling finish, you need to adhere to moderation in color scheme. The upper part of the room should be combined with the overall style of the country house. Ceilings need to become real interior decoration private house.

New trends in ceiling design in a private home

Video on the topic

Ceiling installation in a private log house

A wooden house has many advantages over a building with brick or block walls. And the arrangement of the ceiling does not occupy the last place, since there is no reinforced concrete floors. Well, the design of beam-type floors has its own characteristics, which will be discussed further.

Ceiling arrangement

Attention: If desired, you can even fill the shingles and plaster the ceiling. But think about the fact that wood breathes and is a natural material, and it is impossible would be better suited for this work. There is one more nuance that should be taken into account when choosing. If a new house is being built, it will shrink. And wood reacts well to movement and does not deteriorate, whereas, for example, drywall can warp.

And here are some great ideas for installing a wooden ceiling:

And this is only a small part of what can be done on the ceiling using wood.

Vapor barrier

Repair of the ceiling in a wooden house, if it leaks, is carried out with vapor and waterproofing.

There are several materials you can choose for this job:

• Standard vapor barrier film which prevents the formation of condensation on roofing materials and insulation;
• Film using foil, which also performs a reflective function and has increased insulating properties. The advantage of this material is that it also reflects heat and does not allow you to leave the room. This product is recommended for use in rooms with high humidity: bathrooms, steam room, sauna, swimming pool;
• A membrane film that allows you to control the entry and exit of excess moisture from the room. IN In this option, the amount of output is set using a membrane;
• Membrane film, only having variable vapor permeability for wet and dry conditions. As the humidity in such a structure increases, its throughput capacity increases.

Attention: Before installing a vapor barrier, it is necessary to determine the most critical areas. These are points of contact with warm and moist air. This is, first of all, the area of ​​the draft ceiling. Therefore, vapor barrier here should be done especially well.

This work is performed in the following sequence:

• First, the material is laid out on the surface;
• After this, the edges are wrapped and secured;

Attention: The vapor barrier material is attached to the ceiling on the side that allows moisture to pass through, and not vice versa.

• The joints of the material are overlapped. When focusing on structural elements, do not cut, but bend the film and only then secure it.

Thermal insulation

Cannot be made without good thermal insulation. It will protect the room from cold penetration and save heating costs. Moreover, this work can be done with your own hands, thereby saving costs.

Materials

Nowadays, there are many materials that can be used to insulate the ceiling in a wooden house:

• Mineral wool, is a thermal insulating fibrous insulation material that is made from mineral raw materials. Used for thermal insulation of ceilings;
• Cellulose insulation ecowool, which contains harmless non-volatile substances. Resists open fire, does not rot, and has good heat and sound insulation. Used for insulating wooden ceilings;
• Styrofoam, this is probably the most used material. It is not expensive and lightweight. Easy and quick to install. It has great durability. Has good heat and sound insulation. True, it has one significant drawback: mice can infest it, so it is better not to use it for floor insulation in a private house.
• Expanded clay, this is a natural porous material that is made from clay rocks. Resistant to low temperatures, therefore it is used as insulation in places with harsh climatic conditions. It also has high sound insulation;
• Granular insulation, which consists of sawdust, glue and antiseptic. This element has high thermal insulation and average sound insulation.

Installation of thermal insulation

Thermal insulation is carried out according to the following scheme:

• A vapor barrier is laid on the ceiling surface. During installation, the elements should not be cut to size, but more than 5 cm from the final size. This is necessary in order to overlap the material to the floor beams. This can be done using a construction stapler;
• After this, the installation of thermal insulation begins. If it is a slab or roll material, its width should correspond to the pitch ceiling beams. When the width is not enough, you have to insert the missing pieces, which is not very convenient. The most important thing is that the interblock space is tightly filled.

Attention: If you insulate using mineral wool, lay it in a joint. If foam plastic sheets are used, then you need to leave a small gap between them, which after installation is filled with polyurethane foam.

• If you lay insulation in several layers, then the next layer is laid in such a way that it overlaps the joints of the previous row;
• AND the last stage, this will be the fastening of the top boards, with which we will cover the layer of thermal insulation - you can replace them with thick plywood.
• If we talk about the practicality of foam plastic and mineral wool, then preference should be given to the second material. Mineral wool does not burn and retains heat better.

It also insulates sound better and allows you to breathe. wooden elements. Polystyrene foam, in the event of a fire, supports combustion and at the same time emits rather acrid smoke.

Ceiling systems

The final feature in finishing the ceiling of a wooden house will be the creation of the front surface. There are many materials available at retail for this job. The prices for them are quite different - it all depends on the quality and your desire.

Videos and photos on this topic can be found on our website and select the desired design.

Wood materials

Wood is an environmentally friendly material that promotes air exchange and creates the desired indoor climate. Only before installation, such an element should be treated with a special impregnation, which increases its fire resistance and prevents the formation of mold and rot. After this, you can process it using stain and varnish.

In this case, the following materials are used for finishing the ceiling:

• Wood siding;
• Lining (see);
• Beam;
• False ceiling;
• The ceiling is embossed.

As a rule, three types of wooden ceilings are made:

• The ceiling is sheathed, in which the beams below are sheathed with boards. A vapor barrier is placed between the attic lining and the ceiling boards. In such cases, roofing material or glassine is used as a vapor barrier. The flooring is made of boards, on which you can move freely and without fear of damaging the vapor and waterproofing;
• The ceiling is flat, which is made on floor beams or without them. In this design, the boards are placed directly on the top of the wall framing. After this, a vapor barrier is laid on their surface, on top of which thermal insulation is applied. Most often, ecowool is used in this design.

Attention: This ceiling design is only used for small buildings. The width of which does not exceed 2.5 meters. For a large building, such a design is extremely dangerous and ineffective.

• Panel wooden ceiling, which can also be installed in a bathhouse. In this design, factory-made blind-type panels are used. First, support bars are nailed to which the panels are attached.
• Thermal insulation and waterproofing in this design are made with the same materials as mentioned before. But there is also a peculiarity of installing such a ceiling: before attaching the panels, a layer of tow is laid on the walls, and the external seams are sewn up with boards.

There are some features of such ceilings:

• The structure must be perfectly even and smooth, without any differences.
  This quality is most easily achieved using sheets of plywood and tongue and groove boards. Their fastening is carried out using hidden or visible installation.
  After this, finishing is carried out, which includes polishing the surface, coating with an antiseptic, putty and painting;
• If you have communications in the room that need to be hidden, then the fastening should be done directly to the beams. Fastening in this case is quite simple;
• If the decision is made to install a suspension system, then it is attached to the beams using special devices;

To install wooden lining, correctly calculate the material and method. When placed along the length of the room, you will visually lengthen it, when perpendicular to the installation, reduce.

Suspended structures

Such ceilings have long been in fashion. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. But there are some installation features in a wooden house. A variety of lamps can be built into them, including illuminated stained glass windows.

To do this, you will need to do wiring, and you should not forget that wood is a flammable material. Do not twist the wire.

Make connections using special terminal blocks that will prevent short circuits at the joint. By the way, false beams, which are often used in the design of wooden and plasterboard ceilings, hollow inside. Therefore, it is very convenient to lay wiring in them.

However suspension systems is a separate topic, which you can read about in detail on the pages of our website. The most important thing is to choose the right material for making the ceiling. And we described in detail how the installation of a ceiling in a wooden house looks in detail enough to try to do it yourself.

The hemmed ceiling is more popular today than in Soviet times - the bleached one. Today, when answering the question of what can be used to sheathe the ceiling, you won’t have to suffer, since construction markets There is a wide variety of finishing materials available.

In this article we will review the most popular materials, so that at the end of the floor you will know exactly what is the best way to sheathe the ceiling in own home or apartment.
Regarding installation technology, you need to look for answers in other reviews; here we give only the characteristics of the materials, advantages and justification for the choice.

General information about sheathed ceilings

The technology for their installation is not the pinnacle of development by modern engineers. That is, these are not even tension structures, which are problematic to create with your own hands.

You don’t need any special tools or equipment or high professional knowledge. And you don’t even need skills in working with building materials - most of them are all cut with a knife or easily sawed, have a small specific gravity, are simply marked, and are attached through (or along the edges provided for this) with ordinary self-tapping screws, or with specially designed hardware.

According to the installation technology of different ceiling coverings On our website there are many videos - after choosing the material, you can familiarize yourself with the order of work, “without leaving the cash register.” It will also tell you how the wiring and communications are laid inside - this is one of the common advantages of suspended or sheathed ceilings.

Another common advantage is that there is no need to thoroughly prepare the main surface for installation. Rough finish yes, the frame will hold up normally - all surface irregularities and defects will be hidden behind the cladding.

Materials

Let's start with the market leaders.

Drywall is dominant

The most common material for cladding ceilings and walls today is plasterboard. It is suitable for ceiling and wall mounting. It is actively used in private construction and repairs. public buildings. It can be found both in a huge, rich mansion and in a country house - the material is incredibly versatile.

Pros of plasterboard ceilings:

• Easy to install;
• Inexpensive;
• Does not require maintenance;
• Can serve for a very long time, if there is no constant contact with moisture, since the surface is easily repaired;
• Installation of such structures is very simple;
• An additional advantage is that, under the skillful influence of steam or when moistened, it takes bent shapes, which is very convenient when installing curved structures.

This same property of drywall is also considered a disadvantage: in case of excess humidity or under the influence of intense moisture vapor (for example, in the kitchen above gas stove) GCR loses its strength and deforms, until it completely crumbles. This means that the kitchen and bathroom are no longer needed. technical specifications material.

Advice! If you still have a liking for gypsum plasterboard, then there are also moisture-resistant options that are labeled gypsum board. They have green color cardboard shell, and can be installed in rooms with high humidity. At the same time, its cost will be slightly higher than that of a simple one, but the difference is not critical - for a sheet you will overpay, on average, about 50 rubles, and the price, in general, is 300.

GCR is enough heavy material(1 sheet with an area of ​​3 m2 weighs about 25 kilograms), compared to other competitors, so you need to use a metal profile made of galvanized steel for frames.

• The metal frame is assembled quite quickly, and has everything for this necessary fittings, which is purchased separately.
• Sometimes you can see drywall being installed on wooden slats or bars. This option does exist, but it is not without certain disadvantages. Wood is a slightly more “living” material than metal; it periodically expands and contracts due to differences in temperature and humidity.
  Therefore, such situational deformations negatively affect weak gypsum board fastenings, reducing the service life of the structure.
• As a result, cracks may appear. It is also worth noting the non-ideal geometry of the slats, in contrast to the rolled profile.
• Multi-level plasterboard ceilings with curved inserts are the standard of modern design in the house!

PVC panels

Also not too expensive material that meets standard requirements for false ceilings. They don’t look so attractive, and, as they say, the renovation smacks of cheapness, but with a skillful combination of materials, it can sparkle in a special way. The material is great for lining baths and kitchens, and here's why.

Among the advantages:

• Easy to assemble structure;
• Lowest specific weight of the structure;
• Easy to care for;
• The material does not allow moisture to pass through;
• Durability and complete resistance to fungi and mold;
• Wide range of textures and color shades.

Plastic products can be divided into panels and lining. The first ones have a large width and are not painted in bulk, but only on the front side.

The plastic lining, like its wooden counterpart, is about 10 cm wide, but it is uniform in color, more durable and resistant to temperature changes, which is why it can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors.

Advice! It is advisable not to use rough materials when washing ceilings made of PVC panels, since the surface is not scratch-resistant. Do not use abrasive detergents; the surface can be easily wiped off even with plain soapy water. You can use kitchen detergents.

To the ceiling, PVC panels and lamellas are hemmed onto profiles, also made of PVC, or onto a very ordinary wooden strip, which is what you see most often. In conditions of high humidity, instead of wood, you can purchase metal profiles, like for drywall.

You need to be careful during installation, as the material is fragile.

If PVC is not properly maintained, the lifespan of your ceiling will be short. With normal installation and proper care original appearance The material will be guaranteed to last for more than 15 years.

Metal slats

One of the types of hemming surfaces is. “Metal-look” or real metal slats are also a popular type of cladding for a fashionable ceiling in a home.

Advantages:

• The material does not need additional processing, and the base surface is in preliminary preparation.
• There are no flammable polymers in the cladding, fire safety is absolute. Spraying to give color to the lamellas (slats) can be ignored; it is no more than a few micrometers thick.
• All such metal structures weigh practically nothing, they can be mounted on any ceilings.

There is a big minus - there is no sound insulation, like everyone else metal coatings. Therefore, installation must be carried out immediately with a soundproofing layer.

Advice! Metal slats can be mounted on the ceiling in different directions, and even select individual elements with different colors. It turns out very stylish, and most importantly – original!

Metal slats are quite easy to clean, but you need to be careful in their care, as scratches from abrasives and even rough materials easily remain on the surface. This is what the instructions say, read carefully.

MDF panels and boards

Wood fiber is also an excellent material for fulfilling your cherished dream of covering the ceiling in a house or apartment.

Advantages:

• It holds sound and heat well for a thin material (of course, everything is relative);
• Certain types (moisture-resistant, impregnated) can be used for rooms with high humidity - although the idea is questionable, and it is better to make do with more suitable products;
• Lamination allows long-term use and easy cleaning;
• Easy assembly;
• Low own weight, allowing the installation of lightweight frames.

Cons: Most commercially available ceiling tiles MDF does not resist moisture in any way, is easily flammable, and is not environmentally friendly pure material. They also have an easily damaged front side.

Tree

All materials – material allocated to a separate group. This also includes lining, including “Euro” types of cladding.

It is enough to look at numerous photos of ceilings covered with wood to understand the charm, comfort and beauty of the finish. Wood has a huge number of benefits, including durability.

But the main thing is absolute naturalness and the property characteristic exclusively of wood to create a favorable microclimate in the room.

Characteristics:

1. Wood retains heat better than artificial counterparts.
2. The material is “breathable”, as they say. That is, it allows air to pass through normally and promotes ventilation of the above-ceiling space.

The disadvantages include the following:

• The properties of the cladding will depend entirely on the type of wood chosen;
• It follows that you will have to pay a decent price for quality;
• For the most part, wood is afraid of moisture, which requires you to regularly treat its surface with protective compounds.
• The material is flammable and we require special precautions when installing electrical wiring.
• Insects can settle in the wood, which will quickly render the cladding unusable.

Advice! The last two shortcomings are also eliminated through chemical treatment.

Here are brief answers to the problem of how to cover the ceiling in a house. The installation technology and characteristics of each design must be looked at depending on the selected material.