For a long time, pipes made of cast iron and galvanized steel were the main material for water supply and sewerage systems. However, in the process of development, the need arose to use more reliable elements in these systems.
The desire for increased indoor comfort and safe life, reduced operating costs and reduced metal consumption are just some of the reasons why engineers are interested in updating engineering systems. A good alternative to old metal products is a pipe made of polymer materials. Such elements are alternative option for various communications. Plastic pipes with reinforcing inserts are used in almost all areas of human activity.
Advantages and disadvantages of plastic pipes
The use of polymers in a certain area produces both positive and negative results.
Each type of pipe has individual quality characteristics, among which you should pay attention to the positive aspects:
- Significance easy assembly important when independent execution installation work.
- Flawless performance of its functions over time. Polymer materials can be used for almost half a century, which is slightly longer than their metal counterparts.
- Due to the inability of polymers to undergo electrochemical reactions, corrosion processes do not occur on the surface of products made from these materials.
- Possibility of using transparent polymer pipes both for hidden and open installation. This transparent PVC tube is quite in demand in many areas of activity.
- Safety for the environment and human health.
- Small mass.
- Low thermal conductivity.
- No audible noise when water passes inside the pipe cavity.
- Wide Application. Elements from plastic materials are used not only in life support systems, but also in other places. For example, you can make a frame for a greenhouse or greenhouse.
Pipes also have downsides. Particular attention should be paid to the following characteristics:
- Not all types of polymer pipe products can be used for the installation of fire-fighting water supply systems.
- Use for hot water only certain types of pipe products.
- Installation of each type of pipe is carried out using individual technology.
These characteristics can rather be called distinctive features of polymer products. An explanation for this fact can be given as follows: the standard of pipe products is considered to be pipe elements made of galvanized steel, and all discrepancies with the parameters of these products are considered deficiencies. Polymer products were no exception.
Currently, you can find several types of plastic pipes:
- Products made of polyvinyl chloride – PVC pipes.
- Polypropylene pipe products designated PP.
- Elements made of polyethylene, designated by the letters PE.
- Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene with the designation PEX (more details: " ").
- Metal-plastic pipes – PEX-AL-PEX.
Some properties of PVC products
Elements made of polyvinyl chloride were the first to replace steel water supply networks, as they correspond Sanitary Standards and rules. In addition, PVC pipe can be used in sewer and technological systems.
The popularity of polyvinyl chloride pipes is due to some features of the material:
- No need for special installation tools. The elements are connected by special welding or into a socket using a rubber cuff.
- Good rigidity and correctly selected connection elements create a durable system similar to metal pipes. Consequently, design and installation can be carried out in accordance with the calculations for steel systems.
- Usage pressure systems made of PVC for fixing pipelines makes it possible to lay plastic pipes underground.
- Possibility of external installation. PVC pipes have an attractive appearance, which is very important when laying pipes in an open way.
- Low price. Polyvinyl chloride is a cheap polymer, so the cost of the entire system made of polyvinyl chloride will be much lower than analogues made from other polymer materials.
Polypropylene elements
Polypropylene pipes can be of several types.
Multilayer polypropylene. Products made from such material are produced in three types with their own characteristic features:
- The thick-walled PP pipe is covered with aluminum foil using a sealant and protected with a thin layer of polypropylene.
- Products in which all layers are connected by perforated holes in the foil.
- Less flexible plastic is sandwiched between two main layers.
The standard length of PP pipes is 4 meters, the outer diameter of the products ranges from 1.5 to 12.5 cm. The configuration of polypropylene pipes depends on the purpose; a decorative box and elements for connecting pipes can be added to the kit.
Fittings and polypropylene pipes are connected by thermoplastic welding using special equipment. Connect the PP pipes to steel pipeline possible using threaded connecting elements.
Scope of use
Polypropylene pipes are used in various areas:
- Domestic cold water supply, including drinking water.
- Heating and hot water supply systems (using PPRC pipes).
- Process pipelines, including product transport lines and compressed air installations.
Polyethylene pipes
Polyethylene pipes have a second name - polyethylene pressure pipes. The main application of these products is the construction of internal and external pressure pipelines, in drainage, sewer and water supply systems.
If we compare polyethylene pipes with similar products made from other polymeric materials, we can note that work can be carried out at lower temperatures, down to -20 0 C. This property is especially important when laying and operating pipelines in winter cold conditions. In this case, there are no problems even with a plastic pipe for electrical wiring.
Methods for joining materials
Polyethylene pipes can be connected in two ways:
- Using polypropylene or brass connecting elements with a rubber sealing ring, as well as using electric welded couplings, pipe products with an outer diameter of 2 to 6 centimeters are connected.
- Method butt welding It is recommended to connect plastic water pipes with a diameter of 6 to 16 cm.
Modern enterprises have launched the production of pipes made of high- and low-density polyethylene, respectively designated LDPE and HDPE.
Having studied the labeling of plastic products, you can choose one or another type that best suits the work process. The company produces such pipes a large number of factories.
Types of cross-linked polyethylene pipes
To increase strength and increase the melting point of polyethylene elements, this material is processed under pressure. At the same time, domestic standards must be observed. As a result of this processing, unique bridges are formed between the molecules, facilitating additional binding of molecules.
This process is called cross-linking, and the resulting polyethylene is called cross-linked. It is not recommended to connect cross-linked polyethylene pipes using a welding iron. The best option joining pipes made of such material is considered to be a “cold” joining method, namely, gluing elements together using special types of fittings.
Cross-linked polyethylene is obtained as a result of special processing of the material using one of the options:
- Peroxide method (PEXa).
- Silane method (PEXb). It should be taken into account that organosilanides belong to the group of toxic substances.
- Radiation method (PEXc).
- Treatment with nitrogen compounds (PEXd).
Cross-linked polyethylene is especially popular in systems where the working medium is water. This includes heating and water supply networks. The joining of pipe elements is carried out using compression fittings. In addition, cross-linked polyethylene is used in installation heated floors and in fire protection systems.
Metal-plastic pipe products
A little later, metal-plastic pipes entered the market. The discoverers of their manufacture are the British. Products of this type resemble PEX pipes, only inside they have a thin foil layer. This action helps reduce the degree of expansion of the pipe, while simultaneously acting as a diffusion barrier. One of the varieties of such pipes can be called plastic pipes with a square profile, but some difficulties arise with their manufacture.
A metal-plastic pipe is not simple design, consisting of five layers:
- The first layer is cross-linked polyethylene.
- Then comes the glue that tightly connects the metal and plastic.
- Used as the third layer aluminum pipe, the material of which is overlap welded.
- The fourth is the glue again.
- The fifth is a layer of cross-linked polyethylene.
One of positive aspects Metal-plastic pipes can be called the ability to maintain shape when bent. It does possible use pipe elements of this type for open installation. In turn, the use of cross-linked polyethylene is possible only with a hidden installation.
The UNIPIPE system distinguishes several of the most popular diameters of plastic pipes: 16; 18; 20; 25; 26; 32; 40; 50; 63; 70; 110; 300 millimeters.
You can choose any type of plastic pipe; it will be of great help in arranging a home pipeline and will last a long time. You just need to make the right choice of this material in accordance with its purpose and carry out the installation, following the rules and recommendations.
Plastic pipes are the general name for products made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and metal polymers, which are used to create water supply systems for apartments and houses. The industry produces such samples in a wide range for the installation of structures in different conditions. The article provides information about popular types of plastic pipes for water supply systems, which will be useful to users.
- Read a separate article about
Features of plastic water pipes
Plastic pipes were created from polymers thanks to the development modern technologies. They are gradually replacing metal analogues due to improved performance characteristics. There are several types of plastic pipes, differing in properties and installation methods (see table below).
| Material | Application | Distinctive properties |
| Polyvinyl chloride | After installation, a rigid structure is formed | |
| Polypropylene | Supply of cold and not very hot water outside and inside buildings | The pipes consist of three layers, have a large linear expansion, and are not flexible enough for a complex route |
| Polyethylene | For supplying cold water outside and inside buildings | Very flexible products, performance deteriorates at low and high temperatures |
| Metal polymer | Supply of cold and hot water outside and inside buildings | Retains shape after bending and withstands very high pressure |
Despite the different properties of the materials from which the pipes are made, the products have much in common:
- At correct installation and maintenance, the operation of systems made of plastic pipes can last 50 years, which is many times longer than the service life of metal analogues.
- The cavities are not clogged with salt and other deposits, and the surface does not rust. But this does not guarantee perfectly clean water from the tap, so the presence of a filter at the outlet of the system is mandatory.
- The products are lightweight, 3-10 times lighter than metal ones. They do not create any special loads on other structures.
- Modern samples are made from environmentally friendly pure material, which does not pollute the soil and does not impair water quality.
- Dense material dampens the noise of fluid flow.
- Installation of a water supply system from such products is simple and can be done without outside help.
- The pipes can be laid along any route, and curves do not require complex equipment.
- They tolerate it well big differences temperatures, do not burst when frozen and do not swell when heated.
- The products do not require special conditions for storage and transportation.
- The price of plastic pipes for water supply, compared to metal samples, is low.
To ensure that the system operates for as long as possible, follow our recommendations when choosing products:
- Before starting work on the construction of a water supply system, develop a layout of pipes on the site, which will take into account all the subtleties and nuances of the environment. From it it will be possible to determine the amount of consumables, the diameter of the samples, and the type of product that is optimally suited for a particular case. Consider the length of the blanks with a margin, taking into account possible defects.
- Before buying plastic pipes for water supply, study their main characteristics: diameter, thermal expansion, operating pressure, liquid temperature, chemical resistance. The service life of the system depends mainly on the combination of pressure of the working medium and its heating. The higher they are, the faster the structure will fail. If the pressure is low and the temperature is high (or vice versa), the water supply system will last as long as possible. Manufacturers guarantee a long service life of the system even at a water pressure of 4-5 atmospheres and a temperature of 65-70 degrees. In some types of pipes, for example polypropylene, the service life is affected by the thickness of the product wall.
- When purchasing, find out the linear expansion of the samples, especially if they are used in a hot water system. For example, 1 meter of polypropylene pipe increases in length by 9 mm when heated by 60 degrees. Therefore, provide in advance the possibility of free movement of the component elements. Otherwise, internal stress can damage the structure.
- Metallo plastic products when heated, they practically do not elongate, but a problem may arise with the fittings that connect adjacent sections. Therefore, there must always be access to the joints of parts to monitor their condition.
- The throughput of the system depends on the diameter of the pipe. For regular water supply, buy products with a diameter of 11 to 21 mm, for risers - more than 25 mm.
- The size of plastic pipes for water supply is also affected by the number of turns and bends in the structure. If there are few smooth areas, add samples of larger diameter to avoid problems with pressure and fluid supply.
- Plastic pipes that are planned to be used outside the building must be insulated. Thermal insulation method and material are selected depending on climate zone and average temperature in winter.
- The products have great strength, but if the line is not assembled correctly, even they will collapse. In most cases, trouble occurs in extended systems that do not have temperature compensators.
Dimensions of plastic pipes for water supply
Plastic pipes for water supply are made from petroleum products and their derivatives. However, despite the common raw materials, there is no universal brand of products. At the production stage, special additives are introduced into the composition, changing the properties of the finished products.
In the CIS they produce 4 types of plastic pipes for water supply systems according to their own GOST standards: metal-plastic, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. Each type has its own range of sizes, listed below.
The dimensions of plastic pipes for water supply are presented in the table:
| Pipe type | GOST | Application | Diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm |
| Polyethylene (PE) | GOST 18599-2001 | Light pipes | 20-110 | 2,0-29,3 |
| Middle pipes | 2,0-45,3 | |||
| Heavy pipes | 2,0-45,5 | |||
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | GOST R 51613-2000, GOST 32412-2913 | Drain from bathtubs and sinks | 10-315 | 1,8-6 |
| Toilet drain | from 100 | |||
| Washing machine drain | 25-32 | |||
| Metal-plastic | - | Installation of water supply | 15,20 | 2 |
| Sewerage | 40,48 | 3, 9,4 | ||
| Polypropylene (PP) | GOST 32415-2013 | Internal communications | 40, 50, 110 | 8,1 |
| External communications | from 150 | 32,1-35,2 |
Types of plastic pipes
Plastic pipes for water supply differ from each other in physical properties due to different chemical compositions materials. a brief description of The most commonly used products in systems are listed below.
PVC pipes
They are the first plastic pipes that began to be used to create water supply structures. Marked letter designations PVC or PVC. They have an aesthetic appearance that allows you to lay branches without masking. Installation can be carried out open and in a closed way. Such pipes are inexpensive.
Additives are often added to the composition of the material, changing the properties of pipes and increasing the scope of their application. The products burn poorly and have increased chemical resistance.
The wall thickness of polyvinyl chloride pipes for water supply systems (GOST R 51613-2000, GOST 32412-2913) is presented in the table:
| Diameter, mm | Wall thickness (S), mm |
| 10 | 2 |
| 12 | 2 |
| 16 | 2-3 |
| 20 | 2-3,4 |
| 25 | 2-4,2 |
| 40 | 2-5,4 |
| 50 | 3-8,3 |
| 63 | 3,8-10,5 |
| 75 | 4,5-12,5 |
| 90 | 5,4-15 |
| 110 | 6,6-18,3 |
They can be used in any climatic conditions, but it is recommended to use them in cold environments. They are not intended for supplying hot water, because... melt at a temperature of +50+60 degrees. Optimal temperature for operation - up to +45 degrees. In cold weather they become fragile.
Unlike other types, the cuts can be joined together using plumbing glue and rubber cuffs, which are installed in special recesses. However, the pipes are quite rigid; it is possible to change the direction of the route only with the help of corners.
Water lines that can withstand low or high temperatures are assembled from samples made from chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC). Products made from this material can even be used to supply hot liquid to heating radiators.
Polypropylene pipes for water supply
They are universal designs that are not afraid of cold and hot water. Pipes are produced with a diameter of 16-125 mm. Sold in pieces 4 m long, regardless of diameter. They are marked PP.
These are light and durable samples, produced in two modifications - with or without reinforcement. Single-layer products are very flexible and soft, so their use is limited to use in low-pressure cold water supply systems. To get rid of this drawback, manufacturers began to produce reinforced pipes with a multilayer structure. The inner layer is a thick-walled polypropylene pipe, the middle layer is aluminum foil, the outer layer is a protective layer of polypropylene. Such samples are used both for watering the site and for creating a water system inside the house.
Polypropylene pipes are produced in three types, designed for pressures of 10, 16, 20 atmospheres, which can be distinguished by wall thickness. There are also products on sale with improved thermophysical properties.
The wall thickness of polypropylene pipes for water supply systems (GOST 32415-2013) is presented in the form of a table:
| Diameter, mm | Wall thickness (S), mm |
| 10 | 2,0 |
| 12 | 2,4 |
| 16 | 3,3 |
| 20 | 4,1 |
| 25 | 5,1 |
| 32 | 6,5 |
| 40 | 8,1 |
| 50 | 10,1 |
| 63 | 12,7 |
| 75 | 15,1 |
| 90 | 18,1 |
| 110 | 22,1 |
| 125 | 25,1 |
| 160 | 32,1 |
The parts are connected using thermal welding, after which the entire line turns into a monolith. The installation of a water pipeline made of polypropylene pipes must be carried out carefully, because the welding procedure is very important - the material can easily overheat. After exposure elevated temperature the strength of the structure is reduced.
Polypropylene pipes have various colors- gray, white, black, green, which indicate the difference in their characteristics. For example, blacks tolerate ultraviolet radiation well.
A significant disadvantage of polypropylene structures is their rigidity - the assembled line bends slightly. To change the direction of the route, angles and tees are used.
Polyethylene pipes
Marked with the letters PE. The diameter of plastic pipes for this type of water supply is in the range of 15-160 mm. The blanks are sold in coils of 10 m or in sections of 12 m. Long blanks allow you to create areas without joints and increase the tightness of the structure.
The industry produces high-pressure pipes (HPP) and low-pressure pipes (LDPE). To submit drinking water HDPE products are used. They are easy to identify by their black color. Sometimes specimens are found with distinctive blue stripes on the surface. Polyethylene acquires a black color after adding light stabilizers and soot to its composition, which increase the resistance of pipes to sunlight.
Wall thickness of polyethylene pipes for water supply systems (GOST 18599-2001):
| Diameter, mm | Wall thickness (S), mm |
| 10 | 2,0 |
| 12 | 2,0 |
| 16 | 2,0 |
| 20 | 2,0 |
| 25 | 2,3 |
| 32 | 3,0 |
| 40 | 3,7 |
| 50 | 4,6 |
| 63 | 5,8 |
| 75 | 6,8 |
| 90 | 8,2 |
| 110 | 10,0 |
The products can be installed in systems for any purpose, but they have proven themselves especially well for supplying cold water (0...+40° C). High temperatures increase their flexibility, which can cause the branch to break. At -20°C the material becomes brittle. This property must be taken into account when using the system in winter.
Products made from this material are very elastic and easy to assemble. However, the assembly of polyethylene pipelines has its own characteristics associated with changes in the properties of the material as the temperature decreases. It is not allowed to assemble the system if the air temperature is less than +5° C. The samples are connected to each other using electric welding and crimp fittings.
One of the modifications of polyethylene is called cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). Such pipes are produced under pressure, which improves their properties. Unlike the first option, cross-linked polyethylene has linear sections connected to each other by cross links, forming a three-dimensional mesh structure. The product has new qualities - increased mechanical strength, resistance to high temperature and frost, resistance to cracking, impact, chemical resistance. They are often used in hot water supply systems. Fittings are used to connect the parts. The disadvantage of such pipes is their high cost. They produce cross-linked polyethylene pipes with a diameter from 12 to 315 mm.
Metal-polymer pipes for water supply
The products have a multilayer structure: in the middle there is aluminum or copper foil 0.2-0.5 mm thick, on the outside and inside there is a plastic coating. The foil between the plastic gives strength to the product and reduces its thermal deformation.
To distinguish them from other products, metal-plastic pipes are marked with the designation PEX-AL-PE or similar, depending on the composition of the layers. The first letters indicate the material of the inner layer, the last - the outer one. In our case, the marking means that the pipe consists of cross-linked polyethylene, aluminum foil and regular polyethylene.
Products are produced with a diameter of 16-40 mm. They are marked in two sizes: 12-15 mm, 20-25 mm, etc. These values indicate the outer and inner diameters of the product and are needed to select a fitting for joining them.
The wall thickness of metal-plastic pipes for water supply systems is presented in the table:
| Diameter, mm | Wall thickness (S), mm |
| 16 | 2 |
| 20 | 2 |
| 26 | 3 |
| 32 | 3 |
| 40 | 3,9 |
| 48 | 4 |
Metal-plastic pipes are designed for cold and hot water supply, withstand pressure up to 10 atm, and slightly elongate when the temperature rises. They can be used for a long time at a temperature of +95°C and for a short time - at +110°C. The blanks retain their new shape after deformation, which is very convenient when pulling along a complex route.
Such pipes are connected to each other in two ways:
- Press joining. It is reliable and is used both for external installation and in a cavity or groove. However, this method requires special expensive equipment.
- Push-in connection. Reminds me of a method of fixing metal products to each other. But due to temperature fluctuations, the joints weaken, and leaks may appear in these places. Therefore, after the first year of operation, it is recommended to additionally stretch the route of metal-plastic pipes with collet-type fixation of parts. Due to low reliability, pipelines with collets are mounted on the surface or in places with good approach to the joints.
Price of plastic pipes for water supply
The cost of plastic pipes for water supply is influenced by many factors, but the following are considered the main ones:
- Manufacturing technology. Plastic is a modified plastic that is made from petroleum products. The individual properties of a material appear after the introduction of special substances into its composition using special technologies.
- Versatility. Products that are used only in cold water pipes are much cheaper than those that are not afraid of high temperatures.
- Distance from the place of production to the consumer. Pipelines have significant dimensions, so the cost of transportation is also included in the price.
- Workmanship. Most plastic pipes are connected by soldering, which requires great precision in the manufacture of pipes and fittings. Such requirements are met only by high-quality, expensive equipment that large companies have. Well-known brands guarantee the high quality of their products, so their prices are always higher.
Prices of plastic pipes for water supply in Ukraine:
Prices of plastic pipes for water supply in Russia:
How to choose plastic pipes for water supply - watch the video:
Plastic pipes have filled a niche in the creation of plumbing systems. They are more than successfully conquering the market, replacing short-lived and expensive hardware. At making the right choice workpieces and compliance with installation technology, they will not have to be repaired throughout the entire warranty period.
Under the general name "plastic pipes" in modern construction market A fairly wide range of products are presented, differing in technical characteristics and scope of application. They are distinguished by the polymer material used for manufacturing. On this basis, they are divided into the following types - polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and metal-plastic based on any of the polymers.
The manufacturer's warranty on plastic pipes is 50 years.
By external signs polymer pipes various types can be difficult to tell apart. In accordance with standards, manufacturers carry out labeling containing all the information necessary to identify products. As an example, we can consider one of the common and affordable types - polyvinyl chloride (PVC, or PVC). These products are used in water supply, heating, sewerage networks, and when laying electrical wiring.
Russian manufacturers produce them according to 2 standards - for water supply and heating systems in accordance with GOST R 52134-2003, for systems internal sewerage according to GOST 32412-2013.
Example of markings on plastic pipes.
In the first case, the designation contains the word “pipe”, the material designation indicating ten times the tensile strength MRS, the standard dimensional ratio SDR (the ratio of the nominal outer diameter to the nominal wall thickness), the nominal values of the outer diameter and wall thickness, the service class, the nominal pressure and standard number. The labeling may be supplemented with the inscription “drinkable” if this requirement is met.
Example symbol pipes made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride with minimum long-term strength MRS = 12.5 MPa, SDR 21, nominal outer diameter 140 mm, nominal wall thickness 6.5 mm, service class 1, maximum operating pressure 1.0 MPa.
PVC-U pipe 125 SDR21 - 140´6.5 class 1/1.0 MPa GOST R 52134-2003.
In the second case, the designation includes the designation of the material, nominal values of the outer diameter and wall thickness, and standard number.
An example of a symbol for a polyvinyl chloride pipe for internal sewage systems with a nominal outer diameter of 160 mm, a nominal wall thickness of 3.2 mm.
PVC-U pipe (PVC-U) 160´3.2 GOST R 32412-2013.
Labeling of imported products is carried out in accordance with the requirements of European and international standards. Compliance with the specified technical characteristics necessary requirements should be checked either according to the standard or a certificate of conformity.
In addition to technical characteristics, manufacturers additionally apply their logo and production date. The marking is applied in 1 m increments in a manner that ensures its preservation for the entire declared service life.
Types of plastic pipes
Due to many properties common to most polymers plastic pipes They have versatility and can be used in a wide variety of systems and designs.
For sewerage
PVC sewer pipes
The advantage of plastic for use in sewage systems is its resistance to corrosion and clogging, and low cost. These systems, especially inside buildings, are non-pressure; the collector consists of blocks connected by a fitting without welding. For such systems, the material sufficient in strength and durability is PVC, and the diameter does not exceed 150 mm.
For needs industrial sewerage and in external utility networks, polypropylene (PP, or PP) pipes of large diameter, 300 mm and above, are used.
Corrugated plastic pipes
The flexible design allows you to connect various equipment to the main sewer collector without additional fittings. Flexibility, along with a high melting point (up to 90°C) and electrical insulating characteristics, is used in corrugated plastic pipes for electrical wiring. In these examples, single-layer corrugation is used.
For sewer collectors and underground installation of communications, they are used, and the inner layer must be smooth.
According to the permissible load, they are divided into light, heavy and super-heavy.
Depending on the purpose, PVC, polypropylene and low-density polyethylene (HDPE) are used as materials for their manufacture, and fittings and couplings are used for installation.
For heating
Application of polypropylene pipes in heating systems.
The installation of a heating system must be approached with special attention, since its operation provides not only comfort, but also safety. The material must withstand high temperature- up to 95°C, pressure in the system, including possible pressure surges and water hammer. Important characteristic for heating pipelines is linear expansion.
These requirements are best met by polypropylene materials with rand copolymer (PPR), and the optimal choice is a pipe reinforced with glass fiber or aluminum foil with a nominal pressure of PN25.
The reinforcement ensures a low coefficient of linear expansion and high strength of the wiring when exposed not only to high temperatures, but also when water in the circuit freezes in emergency situations.
For water supply
For the needs of cold and hot water supply, according to the technical characteristics, we can use the entire range of modern plastic pipes. They provide a maximum service life of 50 years, resistance to corrosion, resistance to temperature changes and low level noise.
PVC pipes for water supply.
The choice of material depends on the purpose of the pipeline, the type of laying, and the complexity of the routing. For reasons of economy and practicality, cold water is used from PVC and HDPE materials, for hot water - or aluminum-reinforced polyethylene (PEX-ALL-PEX).
For hot water
Pipes used for hot water supply must ensure operability at temperatures up to 95°C and operating pressure of the system. For reliability, it is recommended to provide a certain margin of safety for these indicators.
Reinforced polypropylene pipes best meet this requirement; the use of cross-linked reinforced HDPE is also acceptable. PVC is not used for hot water due to its low temperature resistance.
For heated floors
Using metal-plastic pipes to create a heated floor.
The water temperature in water heated floor systems should not exceed 40°C. Limitations in the selection and use of material impose high costs for rework in the event of poor quality work.
Used for heated floors flexible pipes small diameter - 16 mm, which are laid in a snake pattern with a pitch of 40 cm. To connect the wiring to the heating network, welding is used through special couplings.
The nominal pressure must be at least PN10, the permissible operating temperature must be selected with a margin - at least 80°C. By type of material, the preferred types are cross-linked polyethylene PEX and metal-plastic.
High pressure polyethylene pipes
The chemical structure of high-density polyethylene provides it with softness and elasticity at the same time as sufficient strength and stability.
Three-layer LDPE pipes with synthetic yarn reinforcement can be used in systems with operating pressures up to 3 MPa. The nominal operating temperature for them is +40°C, the maximum permissible is +80°C, but as the temperature rises, the strength characteristics and service life of the material decrease sharply.
LDPE is highly resistant to corrosion and is therefore widely used in the chemical industry.
High pressure polyethylene pipes in coils.
Products with internal diameter 16, 20, 25, 32 mm are produced in coils or coils, with a diameter of up to 180 mm - in straight sections from 5 to 20 m long.
Frost-resistant plastic pipes
Greatest resistance to action low temperatures have polypropylene pipes. When water freezes in them, they can expand slightly and restore their size when thawed, so they can be used for outdoor and underground installation.
The limitation on the lower limit of operating temperature is related to the permissible operating temperature and the permissible temperature difference between the walls. When the coolant temperature is not higher than 95°C, they can be used in frosts down to -40°C.
Gas plastic pipes
Gas determines many additional requirements for materials, installation and operating conditions. The use of polyethylene for gas supply systems, including main ones, provides the necessary parameters of gas tightness, frost resistance, and resistance to mechanical loads. At underground installation they do not require additional waterproofing.
Vulnerability to external influences limits their use in civil engineering and in areas with high seismicity.
Existing types of gas polyethylene pipes PE-100 and PE-80 differ in wall thickness and permissible pressure. For the first they are 3.5 mm and 12 atm, respectively, for the second - 2-3 mm and 6 atm.
Square plastic pipes
Plastic products with a square profile can also be used to transport various media, for example in ventilation systems. The main direction of their application is the production various designs- furniture, metal-plastic windows and doors, cable ducts.
For wells
When constructing wells, polymer products are mainly used for installation casing pipe, providing protection from the ground. Small diameter pipes can also be used as a needle well for water supply to a private home or cottage.
For wells
The advantage of constructing wells from plastic rings is their light weight and tightness, which does not require additional waterproofing. Plastic rings and pipes can be used not only when constructing a new one, but also to repair an existing concrete well.
Polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride. High-quality plastic raw materials are used for their production. The final product fully complies with the requirements of GOST and TU, has the necessary certificates of conformity and sanitary and epidemiological conclusions.
PE pipe for water
HDPE
Plastic pipes for water supply made from this material are very light. This property facilitates and reduces the cost of their transportation and installation. Standard methods for installing the system eliminate the cost of special equipment and additional personnel training. HDPE has high anti-corrosion resistance, which also allows you to save on pipe insulation. The price list can be found in the - section.
PEX cross-linked polyethylene
We offer hot water pipes made of PEX. Special technology compacting the material during the production process makes it possible to make them dense and increase their resistance to negative influences during operation in hot water supply systems. To install this type of pipe, special fittings will be required.
HDPE high pressure polyethylene (LDPE)
LDPE pipes can perform household tasks; they can be used in the construction of wells and at construction sites. The flexibility of the elements makes it possible to use them in hard-to-reach places. Provide water transportation without heat loss. Absolutely insensitive to chemical influences.
Technical polyethylene
Pipes made from this material are used in non-pressure systems for technical water supply (drainage, storm and sewer systems, for reclamation and irrigation). Ease of installation is expressed in the ability to use both welded and fitting methods for connecting segments.
PVC water pipes
PVC for non-pressure systems
PVC water pipe high throughput, low toxicity, bacteria and fungi do not settle on their surface. Light weight, flexibility and ease of creating any type of connection are a guarantee of high speed installation of the water supply system.
UPVC for pressure systems
Pipes for cold and hot water are made from PVC-U, which are characterized by chemical and temperature resistance.
Polypropylene water pipes
Water supply polypropylene pipe are not subject to wear when in contact with microorganisms. They are installed using glue; there is no need to use additional tools. This aspect, in addition to the low price, is considered the main advantage of pipes of this type. In addition, they are not subject to deformation, so they are used in hard-to-reach places. Such pipes are quite widely used when laying hot and cold water supply systems for domestic and industrial purposes. They have an attractive appearance, due to which they can be used for external installation.
Methods for connecting water pipes
- contact butt welding method;
- using fittings with embedded electric heaters;
- compression fittings;
- using steel clamping flanges (detachable connection).
Advantages of ordering from Polymer Systems:
- Direct deliveries in Moscow
- Favorable prices for all types of pipes
- Production of non-standard pipes and fittings to order
- Thermal insulation of pipes, application of reinforcing materials
- Delivery of pipes and components to Moscow
- Sale of fittings and other additional components
With us you can always buy plastic pipes for water supply required size from any of the above materials. We carry out sales from the warehouse, as well as delivery to the customer’s unloading point.
The use of plastic pipes for water supply made it possible to get rid of the bulky steel networks that were previously equipped in almost all residential buildings and public buildings. Durable and easy to install, plastic pipelines quickly gained popularity and became the most popular type of polymer pipe products.
In order not to get confused in the varieties of plumbing products made of plastic, it is recommended to take a short excursion into the world of popular polymer communications, find out their features, familiarize yourself with the varieties, sizes and conditions of use.
The starting materials for the production of water supply communications are derivatives of complex polymers: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and metal polymers. All of them are united under one name “plastic pipes for water supply” with various technical properties, characteristics on which the conditions of their use depend.
| Type of polymer | Recommended area of use | Features of application |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | Cold water supply outside and inside the house | 1. A rigid linear configuration is created |
| Polypropylene | Cold water supply and hot water supply with coolant up to | Three-layer with a high coefficient of linear expansion. |
| Polyethylene | Supply of cold water outside and inside the house, burial in the ground | 1.Movable flexible design. 2.Operational efficiency depends on temperature indicators. |
| Metal-plastic | For cold and hot water supply | 1. Preservation of shape after bending the configuration. 2.Ability to withstand high pressure. |
Depending on the physical properties, each polymer has its own recommended area of application, which must be known for proper selection of material
Advantages and disadvantages of plastic pipes for water supply
The enormous popularity of all water can be explained by the presence of the following technical merits and indicators:
- Solid service life. If the water line is installed technically correctly and operating conditions are not violated, the water line can operate effectively for 50 years.
- The internal cavity is not subject to corrosion and is not overgrown with silt and salt build-ups. The absence of obstacles in the way of water flow has a positive effect and the water pressure will remain unchanged.
- Simplicity and ease of installation. Home craftsmen can easily lay pipes for water supply in the country.
- The plastic pipe water supply network can be installed on any terrain. The installation of rotating elements does not require complex additional equipment.
- Polymer products are several times lighter than their metal counterparts. This indicator allows you to significantly reduce the load from plumbing on bearing structures building.
- Pipe communications made of plastic do not lose their effectiveness under conditions of temperature changes. When heating the material to outer surface there are no various swellings or delaminations, and when the water freezes inside, the integrity of the water main is maintained and the pipe does not burst.
- Polymer building materials are easy to transport. Storage does not require special conditions.
- Environmental Safety. Even with long-term operation plastic is non-toxic and does not emit substances harmful to human health.
Besides technical indicators and characteristics, it is worth noting the economic component of costs. Compared to steel water pipes, the cost of plastic pipes will be much lower. If you do the installation yourself, you may incur the cost of laying plastic water pipe will be minimal.
Disadvantages of plastic water pipes:
- Restrictions in use for hot water supply associated with high coolant temperature.
- Impossibility of use for fire-fighting water communications.
- For the installation of each type of plastic pipes, different technological processes connections.
Difficulties may arise when disposing of polymer pipes, but this small flaw is compensated by a long service life.
Main characteristics
When choosing pipes for plastic water supply, you should focus on the technical characteristics of the products. There is a direct dependence of the technical properties and features of polymer pipes on the material of their manufacture. For the production of polymer building materials, various types of raw materials are used, having different temperature, weight and strength characteristics.
Media temperature
Plastic water supply can be used for both cold and hot water supply. However, not all types of plastic are intended for hot water supply.
In the table below, compiled on the basis of recommendations from manufacturing plants, we can conclude that the scope of use of plastic for hot water is limited by the technical properties of the source material.
Weight
Among the main technical characteristics water pipes intended for water supply, important criterion is their weight. It is known that light weight compared to metal water pipes is one of the main advantages of plastic communications. When laying water pipes along walls or under the ceiling, it is important to know how much the pipework will weigh and whether the wall or ceiling structure can withstand this load. If you don’t have a reference book on plastic plumbing materials at hand, you can use the following rules to calculate the weight:
- The weight indicator is directly dependent on the diameter and thickness of its walls. For example, one linear meter of a plastic pipe product with a diameter of 16 mm is equal to 100 g. At the moment there are no strict weight standards and upon purchase the weight of the product can be seen in the attached certificate.
- Calculation formula for independently determining the weight of polymer pipe products: weight in kilograms 1 linear m. plastic pipe =((Dn - T)/40.55)*T, where Dn is the outer diameter, T is the wall thickness, 40.55 is a constant.
There is another way to find out the approximate weight value: determine the volume of the pipe in m3 and multiply by a constant factor of 950.
Strength
Strength indicators are especially relevant for plastic pipes laid in the ground. They are operated under conditions of internal high pressure water flow and external load from a large volume of soil. Manufacturers suggest using for these types of water pipes utility networks products with higher strength ratings, but the price of such building materials will be much higher than that of conventional plastic ones.
Polymer pipes, despite numerous positive characteristics, are sensitive to pinpoint impacts; for example, a careless blow with a hammer, especially at the junction, can destroy the integrity of the structure. Therefore, when laying a pipe, knowing the fragility of plastic products, you should take precautions and carry out the installation carefully and carefully.
Table of pipe diameters for water supply
The throughput of the entire water supply system depends on the choice of pipe size for the water supply system. Each type of polymer pipe products has its own norms and standards with different thicknesses walls
| Variety | GOST | Conditions of use | Allowable diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | R 51613-2000 | Connection to bathtub and sink | From 10 to 315 | From 1.6 to 6 |
| Supply to the toilet | From 15 to 315 | |||
| Connection to washing machine | From 15 to 315 | |||
| Polyethylene (PE) | 18599-2001 | Light pipes | From 20 to 100 | 2,0 – 29,3 |
| Average | 2,0 – 45,3 | |||
| Heavy | 2,0 – 45,5 | |||
| Polypropylene(PP) | 32415-2013 | Internal wiring | 40,50 and 110 | 8,1 |
| External wiring, into the ground | From 150 | From 32.1 to 35.2 | ||
| Metal-plastic | Laying water pipes | 15,20 | 2 |
There is a rule that for laying a water line, the pipe diameter should not be less than 15 mm, and for installing water supply risers, diameters from 32 mm are used.
When choosing pipes of the required size, you should take into account the dependence of the cross-section on the length of the water line:
- When the length of the water system is less than 30 meters, the use of pipes with a diameter of 25 mm is allowed.
- If the length of the line is more than 30 meters, it is recommended to use a cross-section of 32 mm or more.
For short water lines up to 10 meters, plastic products with a diameter of 20 mm will be relevant.
This video will help you understand diameters in millimeters and inches and their conversion:
HDPE low pressure polyethylene pipes
The starting raw materials for the manufacture of low-pressure polyethylene pipes (LDPE) are high-molecular polymers obtained during the polymerization reaction of ethylenes during low-pressure processing. For laying drinking water supply networks, only materials made from virgin polyethylene are used; the water pipe is black with a blue stripe. Polyethylene pipe products without stripes, obtained as a result of processing of secondary raw materials, are used in sewerage. Due to the physical property of polyethylene softening under the influence of high temperatures, HDPE products are not recommended for use as water supply pipes for hot water.
Advantages of HDPE polyethylene pipes for water supply:
- low weight, which has a positive effect on transportation and installation;
- do not corrode;
- simple and quick installation;
- the internal cavity is not overgrown with silt growths;
- is not damaged even when the media freezes. If winter temperature drops below – 20 degrees, the material becomes brittle;
- long service life.
Polyethylene products are mounted by special welding or using. They are sold in the form of 6-meter sections and coils of various lengths.
Marking
To make it easier to select HDPE plastic pipes for the water supply system, special markings of letters and numbers are used, displaying detailed information:
- Plant - manufacturer and compliance with GOST manufacturing standards, for example GOST 18599-2001.
- International brand designation, for example PE100, PE63, PE80.
- The size of the outer diameter, measured in millimeters.
- Wall thickness.
- The value of working and maximum permissible pressure.
- Date and batch of manufacture.
The color of the outer surface serves as a guide to the area of use: a pipe for drinking water is black with a blue stripe, black without stripes is used or cable networks.
Polypropylene pipes for water supply
Polymer pipe products made from polypropylene are distinguished by their versatility. They are used not only as pipes for laying cold water, but are excellent for organizing hot water supply. The range of produced diameters is from 16 to 125 mm. They go on sale in separate pieces 4 meters long. Polypropylene water pipes are marked with the letters PP.
According to their structure, pipe products made of PP polypropylene are divided into single-layer and reinforced multi-layer structures. Single-layer modifications are very flexible and therefore their scope of application is limited to non-pressure water supply systems. Reinforced ones consist of the following words:
- Thick-walled polypropylene pipe.
- Thin aluminum foil.
- Protective polypropylene layer.
Multilayer polypropylene pipes are used to organize cold water supply. This type is not recommended for hot media. This is due to the fact that due to the high coefficient of linear expansion under the influence of a high-temperature coolant, deformation changes are observed in the products and they can sag.
Polypropylene pipe products are produced for water systems with a pressure of 10, 16, 20 atmospheres and various wall thicknesses.
To connect polypropylene pipelines, special soldering irons are used, which melt the ends and turn the connection into a monolith.
Metal-plastic pipes
Metal-plastic pipes are a three-layer structure consisting of cross-linked polyethylene, thin aluminum foil and a protective layer of polyethylene. The design of the product is quite flexible, retains its shape after bending and therefore, with small turning radii, it can be laid without corner and rotary fittings. Metal-plastic can withstand high coolant temperatures, and works well in conditions of high pressure water flow. If very hot water circulates through the pipes, minor deformation phenomena may occur.
Metal-plastic is marked with the letters PEX-Al-PE, which can be deciphered: cross-linked polyethylene + aluminum + polyethylene. Produced in diameters from 16 to 40 mm. It is important to know that the brand reflects the internal and external diameter, for example 12 - 15 or 20 - 25.
Metal-plastic products used to supply cold and hot water up to +95 degrees.
Cross-linked polyethylene PEX
Polymer pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are a high-tech product produced after processing polyethylene. high pressure. As a result of this treatment, macromolecules are “cross-linked” with each other, and a durable polymer with the properties of plastic is formed. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are designated by the letters PEX. Installation is carried out using special connection fittings. This type The material is ideal for supplying hot media. Produced in diameters from 12 to 315 mm. The surface is marked with information about the manufacturer, permissible temperature, operating pressure, diameter and wall thickness, date of manufacture.
Polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVC) for water supply
Pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are intended for cold water installations. It is not recommended to use PVC communications to supply hot water. This is due to the physical property of the PVC polymer to melt at temperatures from 50 to 80 degrees. For hot water, a modification of CPVC is used, which stands for “chlorinated PVC.”
Manufacturers produce PVC pipe products with diameters of 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 40, 50, 73, 75, 90 and 110 mm, with wall thicknesses from 2 to 18.3 mm. To install a water main, special fittings are required.
Which plastic pipes are suitable for hot water
If you rank plastic pipes for hot water in terms of popularity,
then you get the following line of leaders:
- metal-plastic;
- polypropylene;
- cross-linked polyethylene.
Each of these varieties has its own pros and cons, which should be carefully studied when familiarizing yourself with the technical characteristics.
Plastic pipes for water supply, sizes and prices
You can see the estimated cost of plastic water pipes in the table below:
In conclusion of the review of plastic pipes for water supply, I would like to say efficiency and reliability plumbing system depends not only on the chosen type of pipe, diameter and cost. The most important thing is professional installation and the use of quality material.
