Why is the snow melting in the city? Planning spring walks. Time of snowfall

In the fall, children and adults eagerly await the appearance of snow, which will cover the dirt and slush of the roads in lush snowdrifts. You will be able to make snowmen and throw snowballs all day long! But spring will come and sooner or later the snow will melt - first in the city, then in the forest. Why does snow melt, and why does it melt unevenly?

What is snow

Snow is a type of precipitation and is tiny ice crystals that form in the air. Snow forms when microdroplets of water in clouds, under the influence of low temperature, are attracted to dust particles and freeze into complex symmetrical crystals that fall down and grow due to the fact that moisture continues to condense on them. Have you noticed that snowflakes always have a six-pointed shape? This is because the structure of water molecules can only form crystals with arms at 60° or 120° to each other. The main crystal in the shape of a hexagon is overgrown with small hexagons, and this is how snowflakes are obtained, which we simply call snow.

When the snow starts to melt

From the school physics course, we all know at what temperature snow melts: Snow begins to melt when the air temperature rises above 0° C. But in nature, snow can evaporate even at negative temperature. When water changes from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid stage, it is called sublimation, and is more likely to occur when exposed to bright sunlight. Do you know which snow melts faster? Dirty snow melts faster than clean snow. Dirt reduces the snow's reflective properties and heats up when exposed to sunlight, causing the snow to melt. That's why snow melts faster in the city than in the field. Snow melts faster in a field than in a forest. This happens because in the forest the sun breaks through the tree crowns less, so the temperature in the forest is lower than in the field and the snow can lie without melting for quite a long time.

Will salt help snow melt? In fact, salt doesn't melt snow, it breaks down ice. When salt hits ice, it diffuses, a process in which the ice first cools and then returns to temperature environment, but at the same time it already turns into salt water. At the same time, outwardly it seems as if the salt is corroding the ice. Thus, it turns out that this is just an illusion. As a conclusion, we can say that in nature snow melts mainly because the temperature regime changes with the change of seasons.

PLANNING SPRING WALKS

Observations of inanimate nature

Snow observations.

It's interesting to watch the snow melt. Draw the children's attention to the fact that snow melts differently in different places. Where does snow melt first? At the tree trunks. Why? Because the tree trunks are dark. Dark colors absorb more sunlight than light-colored ones; Dark-colored objects heat up more than light-colored objects. Dark tree trunks heat up more than white snowdrifts, so the snow around the trees melts faster. Dirty snow also melts faster than clean snow.

You can tell the children that snow in the forest and in the city also melts differently. If the children have to go to the forest on weekends, ask them to pay attention to the snow in the forest. Brainstorm with your children about why snow melts faster in the city than in the forest. Why in the forest even late spring Can you find islands of unmelted snow? Because in the city the air temperature, as a rule, is always higher than in the forest (due to the many cars, due to large quantity people, various heating stations, factories and factories that produce heat). In addition, there are many trees in the forest that provide dense shade; Through the interlacing of branches, it is more difficult for the sun's rays to penetrate to the ground, and therefore the snow under the trees in the forest takes longer to melt.

The snow in the spring becomes spongy, it is not at all like winter snow. You can explain to children why this happens: from the heat of the sun, snowflakes on the surface of the snow melt one after another and turn into water, the water flows down, so depressions form in the snow.

Observations of the sun.

Why does the sun shine brighter in spring than in winter? Children often ask this question. You can explain to children that in the spring our planet Earth is turned towards the sun, so it receives more sunlight than in winter, they give more heat and light. Therefore, in spring it is not only warmer, but also the days become longer and the nights become shorter.

Invite the children to touch the sleeves of a dark and light color and say which one is warmer: children will be able to see for themselves that warm light absorbs more sunlight than light. That's why wipers scatter snow and ice along dark paths - this way it melts faster. For the same reason, snow melts fastest around dark tree trunks.

Cloud observations.

In spring, many cumulus clouds form in the sky. You can explain to children the mechanism of their formation: steam rises from melting snow under the influence of sunlight. At the top, where the air is much cooler than near the ground, the steam turns into tiny ice crystals, and from them clouds are formed. The more snow melts, the more such cumulus clouds appear. They change shape frequently. Children love to fantasize while looking at clouds, imagining who they look like.

Observations of melt waters.

In spring, many streams form. Where do they come from - ask the children about this again. They should already know that snow is frozen water, and when it melts it turns back into water.

Water always flows down from high places. Children will be able to see this for themselves when

they will make grooves for their boats. Water flows somewhere through a grate placed on the asphalt. Where? You can explain to children that water flows into special receivers, and from there it flows into city rivers. Wildlife observations

Plant Observations

Observations of buds on trees.

In winter and early spring, the buds are small, as if shrunk from the cold. As the sak gets warmer, the buds seem to swell, become larger, and then open. First, the tiny tip of a green leaf appears. If at this time the bud is cut and unfolded, then inside it you can see a tiny leaf, as if folded many times. Small young leaves are light green, sticky, sticky, fragrant. You can explain to children that in the spring, when it gets warmer, the ground becomes wet, “everyone appears the necessary conditions for plant growth. At the same time, you can repeat with your children what these conditions are:

Sunlight,

Grass observations.

Young grass appears much earlier than the first leaves. It hatches from the ground in thawed areas even when not all the snow has melted. The first flowers also appear before the leaves bloom. These are yellow coltsfoot flowers. Among the forest flowers, the snowdrop is the first to bloom. Lungwort flowers are beautiful, they change their color: at first they are red, then purple, and then they turn blue. On all these plants, the flowers bloom before the leaves.

Bird watching.

Spring is the time of return of migratory birds. Draw the children's attention to the fact that bullfinches, goldfinches and waxwings, which we often saw in winter, are no longer visible at the feeders. Explain that these birds flew north because they like colder climates.

Wintering birds also behave differently. Crows and jackdaws fly in pairs, looking for nesting sites and calling loudly. The buntings changed their plumage: in winter they were very similar to sparrows with gray feathers, but now their feathers are yellow. The sparrows began to chirp cheerfully, start fights among themselves, and bathe in spring puddles.

The rooks are the first to return from warmer climes and immediately get to work, looking for harmful worms, slugs. They are tidying up their large, strong twig nests that have been waiting for them all winter.

Then the starlings appear. They make nests in birdhouses. It is interesting to watch how they scurry around the opening of the birdhouse, pulling blades of grass and thin twigs there. Sometimes real battles break out near the birdhouses between the arriving starlings and the sparrows that lived in the birdhouse in the winter while the starling owners were away.

Insect observations.

The first spring butterflies are yellow lemonworts, variegated wrens, and dark mourning butterflies. They appear as soon as warm weather sets in. These butterflies overwinter as adults in secluded places, so they are the very first to appear. Those butterflies that overwinter as pupae will appear much later.

It will be interesting for children to watch how butterflies suck nectar from flowers with their long proboscis, as if through a straw. Butterflies have a very beautiful pattern on their wings - one of the most beautiful that nature has created. But you cannot grab butterflies by the wings, since they are covered with delicate pollen, which can be easily wiped off, and after this the butterfly will not be able to fly.

You can explain to children that butterflies lay eggs, from which caterpillars then hatch. Caterpillars are serious pests of plants - they eat their leaves. Later, the caterpillars entangle themselves with a thread that is released from the abdomen and. turn into pupae.

While observing beetles, help children identify the common features of their structure: 6 legs and 4 wings.

Weather observations.

Continue to teach children to analyze the weather with subsequent marks in the nature calendar.

Teach children to find a connection between the activity of the sun's rays and the awakening of life in plants, insects, and birds.

Observe with the children on which side of the veranda or roof more icicles form, and on which side they melt faster. Analyze which side it melts from faster snow, where the first thawed patches form.

Observe how much longer the day has become. This is explained by the fact that the Earth now receives much more sunlight than in winter.

Warmer weather in spring is due to the same reason. The Earth is so turned towards the Sun, more sunlight falls on it, which means it receives much more heat in spring than in winter.

In early spring, in the mornings, an ice crust forms on the surface of the snow - present. Together with the children, we will try to answer the question - why does crust appear on the snow? Because the sun warms up during the day, and upper layer The snow melts, but at night it is still frosty, and the melted snow sets again and freezes - and so there is an icy crust of crust.

Children are very interested folk signs. They love to observe and check whether they are actually being fulfilled, whether they can predict the weather, and how accurate they are.

Folk signs

Long icicles - for a long spring.

The early arrival of rooks and larks means a warm spring.

I saw a rook - welcome spring.

The swallows have arrived - soon the thunder will roar.

If there are a lot of cobwebs flying in the spring, the summer will be hot.

Frogs don't croak until the first thunderstorm.

Late flowering of rowan - for a long autumn.

Activating the dictionary

Spring vocabulary: thaw, thawed snow, icicle, drops, streams, melted snow, puddles, migratory birds, swollen buds, the vernal equinox, first flowers and leaves, awakening of nature.

Together with your children you can discuss why folk calendar The spring months have the following names:

March is the morning of the year, dropper, protalnik, winter competition.

April - snowman, Aquarius, birch tree.

May - grass, pollen.

Labor on site

1 Scattering snow, placing it in dark places so that it melts faster. Chipping ice on the veranda. Breaking off icicles - explain to children why this is necessary (so that a fallen icicle does not fall on someone’s head).

; We remove last year's yellowed and dry grass to make it easier for young green shoots to make their way to the sun. Explain to children why you can’t burn last year’s grass without first collecting it in a pile. If you set it on fire old grass right where it grew, the young shoots also die from the fire.

1 Putting things in order in the area: collecting papers, rubbish blown by the wind, sweeping the veranda.

We collect sand in the sandbox, fill it with new sand, sweep the sides of the sandbox.

: We build dams and canals for homemade boats.

Role-playing games on a walk

“Young Captains” is a game with homemade and toy boats and ships.

“Building a Canal” is a construction game for draining water from a site into special dams.

“We are shipbuilders” - children learn to make boats from wood chips and paper.

“Spring trip to the forest” - children go on an imaginary walk into the forest, guided by the proposed plan or oral description.

Didactic games

“Which tree is the leaf from?”, “Birds of passage” - teach to recognize birds by description, “Fun classes” - exercise in forward and backward counting”, “12 months”, “Say the opposite” and “Say it differently” - selection synonyms and antonyms, “Grandma Vodyanoy” - recognition by touch. :

This might interest you:

Explanatory note This working programm compiled on the basis of the federal component state standard primary general education in the course "Technology" 2012. The program lasts 34 hours...
Opening of Children's Book Week - Name Day! Name day! - At Volodya's? Shura? Nina? The girls? The boys? (points to the audience) - No! In our children's books!...

TYPES OF HEAT TRANSFER.

Enough level

1. Which of the following substances have good thermal conductivity:
copper, air, aluminum, water, glass, water vapor?

Answer: copper and aluminum have good thermal conductivity

2. Which of the following substances have poor thermal conductivity:
cardboard, iron, rubber, steel, paper?

Answer: they have poor thermal conductivity: cardboard, rubber, paper

3. Hot water is poured into aluminum and glass pans of equal capacity.
Which pan will heat up faster to the temperature of the water poured into it?

Answer: An aluminum pan will heat up faster because
that it has greater thermal conductivity

4. Will regular or porous brick provide better thermal insulation for a building?
porous brick will provide better thermal insulation of the building because
that voids filled with air have poor thermal conductivity (?)

5. Which shoes make your feet feel colder in winter: loose or tight ones?

Answer: tight, because there is no air gap in it,
with low thermal conductivity

6. Which type of heat transfer plays the main role in heating water in a kettle,
standing on the stove?

Answer: the main role in heating water in a kettle convection plays

7. It is necessary to cool the water poured into the tank faster.
Is it better to put the tank on ice or put ice on the lid of the tank?
Answer:in order to quickly cool the water poured into the tank,
You need to put ice on the tank lid
During convection, warm layers of water rise upward
upon contact with a cold lid they cool down (?)

8. Which dress is less hot in summer: light or dark?

Answer: in a light dress it is less hot in summer because
that it absorbs less solar energy,
transmitted by radiation

9. Which soils, under the same conditions, warm up more strongly in the sun -
podzolic or chernozem?

Answer: Chernozem soils warm up more strongly in the sun because
that they absorb more energy from the sun's rays

10. Keep tea hot in a thermos. Is it possible to preserve cold fruit juice in it?

Average level

1. Why are the tap handles on tanks with hot water do they make it wooden?

Answer: faucet handles for hot water tanks are made of wood because
that they have poor thermal conductivity

2. In summer, ice is stored under a layer of sawdust and earth. Why?

Answer: in summer, ice is stored under a layer of sawdust and earth because
that they have poor thermal conductivity

3. In what case will a piece of ice brought into the room melt faster:
when will they simply put it on the table or when will they cover it with a woolen scarf on top?

Answer:A piece of ice brought into the room will melt faster when it is simply placed on the table(?)

4. Why are fuel storage tanks painted with “silver” paint at oil depots?

Answer:At oil depots, fuel storage tanks are painted with “silver” paint because
that light-colored surfaces do not heat up well under the influence of radiation(?)

5. Why are heating radiators indoors located near the floor and not near the ceiling?

Answer: cold air entering through the window is heavier than warm air,
and so it goes down, where it is heated by the central heating radiator

6. Which bodies - solids, liquids or gases - have the lowest thermal conductivity? Why?

Answer:Gases have the lowest thermal conductivity because
that gas molecules are on long distance apart from each other
and interact poorly (?)

7. Where should you keep a thermometer to determine air temperature -
in the shade or in the sun?
Answer:To determine the air temperature, the thermometer must be kept in the shade because
What… (?)

8. What will cool down faster: a glass of compote or a glass of jelly? Why?

Answer:a glass of compote will cool faster because
that there is less mutual attraction between molecules in it
and convection occurs faster (?)

9. Why do plants in lowlands die from frost more often than at higher elevations?

Answer:cold air is heavier than warm air and therefore sinks
in the lowlands on a cloudless night it is colder than in the higher elevations (?)

10. Why does snow melt faster in the city in spring than in the field?

Answer:In spring the snow in the city melts faster because buildings warm up well under the influence of solar radiation and transfer part of their energy to the snow(?)

High level

1. Which bodies - solid, liquid or gaseous - have the best thermal conductivity?

Answer:Solids have better thermal conductivity because
that their molecules are at a small distance from each other
and interact well (?)

2. In what bodies - liquids, solids, gases - is convection observed? Why?

Answer:convection is observed in liquids and gases because
that in them the mutual attraction between molecules is less and the molecules can move freely (?)

3. At what temperature will both metal and wood feel equally hot to the touch?

Answer: both metal and wood will feel equally hot to the touch at a temperature of 36.6 0 C because at this temperature there will be no heat exchange (?)

4. It is necessary to quickly cool the bottle of lemonade. Where should the bottle be placed for this: in the snow or in crushed ice, if their temperature is the same?

Answer: in order to quickly cool a bottle of lemonade, it must be placed in crushed ice, which has greater thermal conductivity, so the heat exchange will go faster (?)

5.When is it more convenient for sailing ships to enter the harbor - during the day or at night?

Answer: It is more convenient for sailing ships to enter the harbor during the day, when the land is warmed up faster by the sun, the heated air rises, and is replaced, from the side of the sea, by a stream of cold air - the daytime breeze (?)

6. Hot coffee was poured into the cup. What should you do to make the coffee cool faster: pour milk into it immediately or after a while?

Answer:to make hot coffee cool faster milk must be poured into it after some time
a film forms on the surface of the coffee, which has poor thermal conductivity(?)

7. Which factory pipes are better: iron or brick?

Answer:brick factory pipes are better because
that they have poor thermal conductivity
at the top of the pipe are surrounded by a layer of cold air,
so the traction in a brick pipe is better(?)

8. When is draft in pipes better - in winter or summer? Why?
Answer: draft in pipes better in winter That's why,
What …(?)

9. Why do window panes begin to freeze from below and to a greater extent than from above?

Answer:cold air is heavier than warm air and therefore it sinks down(?)

10. Will a candle burn on board the space orbital complex?

Answer: no, because convection is carried out due to the Archimedes force,
which does not occur in a state of weightlessness

11. Why do we feel warmer in a room at a temperature of 20°C?
than in water at a temperature of 25°C?

Answer:The thermal conductivity of water is greater, so heat exchange occurs faster in it,
body temperature drops quickly (?)

12. Why do many animals sleep curled up in a ball in cold weather?

Answer:The smaller the surface area of an animal's body, the less heat it generates.
gives away to the air around him(?)

13. Why is the highest air temperature not at noon, but in the afternoon?

Answer:During the day, the land surface becomes very hot due to solar radiation.
and in the afternoon heats the air by convection(?)

14. On a hot day, the dry thermometer shows 35°C.
Will the thermometer readings change if a fan is turned on next to it?
Consider two cases: a) the thermometer is in the shade; b) the thermometer is illuminated by the sun.

Answer: if on a hot day the dry thermometer is in the shade and the air flow from a fan is directed at it, then its temperature will not change

If on a hot day the dry thermometer is illuminated by the sun and a flow of air from a fan is directed at it, then its temperature will decrease because convection occurs faster (?)

15. How to set up a greenhouse? Why is the air temperature inside greenhouses higher than outside?

Answer: Greenhouses are used to protect plants from frost.
Glass frames allow solar radiation to pass through well. During the day the soil warms up.
At night, the greenhouse prevents warm air from moving upward. Therefore, the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than in the surrounding area.

Additionally:

1.For what purpose is the face sometimes lubricated with a thick cream in winter when it’s very cold?

2.The longer an enamel kettle is in use, the slower the water boils in it. Why?

3. Why do locals in Central Asian countries wear papa hats and cotton robes during extreme heat?

4. Why is the frost stronger on clear winter nights than on cloudy weather?

4. If a clear night is expected in spring or autumn, gardeners build fires that produce a lot of smoke,
enveloping plant. For what?

5. There is a known case when a parachutist with an open parachute, instead of going down, went up. How could this happen?

6. Using a thermal imager (night vision device), you can detect various bodies,
even slightly heated, regardless of whether these bodies are illuminated or are in complete darkness. What physical phenomenon is used in these devices?

7. In what case will a heated part cool faster: if it is placed on a wooden stand?
or on a steel plate?

8. Which areas of the earth’s surface heat up more strongly in sunny weather:
plowed field or green meadow, dry or moist soil? Why?

9. Why does it feel cold even from well-sealed windows in winter?

10. In which kettle – white or dark – will water boil faster?

11. Why is there more draft in furnaces with high pipes than in furnaces with low pipes?

12. Why does a stone floor seem colder than a wooden floor in the same room?

13. Why do experienced housewives prefer to fry in cast iron pans?
and not on aluminum ones?

14. Which type of heat transfer is accompanied by the transfer of matter?

15. Why is the highest temperature not at noon, but in the afternoon?

16. The Earth continuously radiates energy into outer space. Why doesn't the Earth freeze?

17. In what case is energy transmitted by radiation? Explain with an example.

18. Why do aspen leaves sway in calm weather?

19. Why does a thin plastic film protect the plant from the night cold?

20. Why, when the stove starts heating up in the room,
is there a decrease in temperature? what... and purpose, That's why What temperature air at floor level...

A. M. Shepelev how to build a rural house

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Question Composition of the installation process. Classification of methods

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... , What glass is thermally conductive material... layers, filled out dehydrated air. Double-glazed windows have tall... buildings and structures. They must be brought to railways And provided supply of compressed electricity air ...

The life of a modern person is unthinkable without sophisticated technology. Even in his home, he is surrounded by many instruments and devices, most of which require

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... has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, 3.5 times lighter than copper. On air... power sources. Because What really effective protection... buildings over 80% of the time. Modern houses often have good sound and thermal insulation ...

MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 1, ASINO

Yudina Tatyana Valentinovna

Why does snow melt faster in the city than in the forest?

Methodological development

(Lesson plan for the subject " The world» 2 grades)

Tomsk 2007

_______________________________________________

Subject: Why does snow melt faster in the city than in the forest?

Target:

organizing children’s work to practice simple experimentation on different materials;
development of critical thinking;
nurturing love for the native land.

Facilities:

- desk lamp; player, recording “Seasons” by P.I. Tchaikovsky;

poster "Winter"; illustrations about winter.

During the classes.

Org moment.

–Good morning! I'm very glad to see you all. They turned to each other and gave a kind smile, thereby conveying the warmth of their hearts.

II. Introduction to the topic:-Today, when I went to work, I spent a long time admiring what surrounded me. Try to guess what I was admiring.

A) Riddle: He is always busy with work,

He can't go in vain.

He goes and paints it white

Everything he sees along the way. (Snow.)

B) - What do you know about snow? ( Children share their knowledge)

V) Working with texts ("INSERT" technique)
- I suggest you work with the text, but the work will be unusual. Every text also talks about snow. Your task: while reading the text, mark with a pencil what you already know (v) and with a sign (+) what you have learned something new... And then share your impressions. I ask everyone to read carefully, because... Each group has its own text, and...

(text No. 1 - 1 group, text No. 2 - 2 group, text No. 3 - 3 group, text No. 4 - 4 group, text - No. 5 - 5 group. See supplementary material.)

III. Rest break:- Listen to the melody so that you can imagine the picture. Close your eyes. …( A melody sounds)…………………………

What picture did you present? What kind of snow is there? ( I write down the children’s answers on the board).

IV.Problem formulation stage: - You see how much you have learned about snow. Answer this question: “ Why does snow melt faster in the city than in the forest?”

V. Problem solving stage:- To solve this problem, what should we do?

(Carry out an observation or some kind of experiment.)

A). - Fine. We recently went on an excursion and observed the snow, what new things did you discover? ….

Can you prove this problem?

What is the difference between snow in the city and snow in the forest? Why is he dirty?

How does the sun affect snow?

B). 1 version.(Conducting the experiment: heating black and white paper.)

Version 2.- I noticed that in our yard there is snow everywhere, and in one place there is a strip of bare earth. Why?

(Houses are heated; heating plant pipes run underground.)

Version 3.

Not long ago I had the opportunity to visit a village, and you won’t believe it, the roads there are snow-white, but here you can see the asphalt, you can’t walk in felt boots, your feet immediately become damp. Why?

(The roads are sprinkled with salt and...) (I write down the children’s answers on the board.)

V). Conclusion.– In the city in spring the snow melts faster because:

1. The roads are dirty - black, and black heats up faster than white.

2. The city is warmer because the houses are heated, and heating plant pipes run underground.

3. The roads are sprinkled with salt, slag...

VI. Compiling a “syncwine”.(according to the diagram) Children work in groups.

One of the works: Snow

Light, white.

Sparkles, falls, flies.

Snow covered the ground with a fluffy blanket.

Droplet.

VII. Homework: - Write a story about snow.

VIII. Lesson summary.– What new did you learn in the lesson?

Who liked the lesson?

Which task did you find most difficult?

Additional material to the lesson:

Text No. 1.

They say: snow covered the earth like a blanket. Why is snow cover compared to a blanket? Snow is cold, how can it warm the earth? No, snow can't warm you up, you're right. But it really is true that it is warmer under the snow than above the snow cover. If there is thirty degrees of frost in the air, then under the snow it can be much less. That is, warmer. Why? The fact is that in loose snow, between the snowflakes, there is air, and the air does not heat up well and does not cool well. There was frost in the air, but he couldn’t get under the snow. Animals know this well; they hide under the snow. This is what field and forest mice do, as well as some birds: partridges, black grouse. Hare in severe frost also hides in the snow.

Text No. 2.

WHY IS SNOW WHITE?*

By M. Gumilevskaya

There is almost no snow visible in the city. Before it has time to cover the sidewalks and pavement, street cleaners with scrapers and brooms and snowplows with their metal paws immediately appear. The machines deftly collect snow and send it to the truck. Look, the snow is gone, it has been taken somewhere, away from large crowded streets. If there is a snowball lying somewhere, then very soon it will lose its impeccable whiteness and turn black from soot and smoke.

Or maybe it’s outside the city, in the forest! Especially after heavy snowfall. And even on a clear frosty day! You walk along a path, or even better, on skis among the trees.

Snow white. There is nothing whiter in the world. No wonder when they want to emphasize impeccable cleanliness white, it is always compared to snow: a snow-white swan, snow-white lily petals, a snow-white dress.

Each snowflake, each beautiful star individually, would freely transmit the entire ray of sunlight through itself, like ice, and would also be colorless. But the snowflakes fall on top of each other in disarray, lying in a loose mass. Together they become opaque and therefore cannot transmit the entire ray of the sun through them. They reflect it entirely into our eyes. And the snow is dazzlingly white because it reflects the sun, the purest color of a white sunbeam.

Text No. 3.

SNOW COAT

By V. Arkhangelsky

In the vast expanses of our country, snow lies for a long time, from November to April. All year round he visits the Arctic and high mountains, where lies a white cap sparkling in the sun. But in the southern regions it melts very early; at the end of February - beginning of March, spring field work is already in full swing.

Storms and blizzards can be terrible. More than once they found people in the steppe, and then the travelers stopped, waiting out the bad weather. Will you go?

Blizzards often cover the rails and stop the movement of trams and trains. Thousands of people come out with shovels and brooms to clear snow from the tracks. Snowplows come to their aid, knocking down high snowdrifts to the right and left, clearing the rails.

Along the canvas railway we bet wooden boards, we plant trees in a narrow strip. Christmas trees are especially good. Closely intertwining their thick evergreen branches, they stand as a living barrier against the snow drifts.

But a snow coat is needed to protect crops from the cold. It also helps fight drought. It's good for the bread under the snow! Outside it is cold up to 20-30 degrees, and on the ground, covered with snow, there is almost never more than two degrees of frost. And this temperature lasts all winter, until spring. And there the sun will warm you.

Text No. 4.

If you live in an area where there is little snow, and an evil wind blows it into ravines and gullies, help adults set up shields and make the snow stay in the fields.

In the spring it will melt and moisten the soil. And autumn will come - and a rich harvest will be reaped from the fields on which there was a fluffy pillow of snow.

In harsh, frosty winters, many birds hide in the snow. Every evening black grouse fall into the snow. They settle down for the night in a soft snowy bed and sleep there until the morning. And hazel grouse do this, and partridges, and wood grouse - the largest birds of our northern forests.

And it’s not just birds that hide in the snow. A mouse is hiding under the snow. He finds various food for himself there: sprouts and leaves of plants, spiders buried in the moss, insects. Or even enjoy a lingonberry or cranberry.

The bear lies in its den under the snow all winter. The little bunny also takes refuge in the snow house in bad weather. And the little beast chipmunk is sleeping

PLANNING SPRING WALKS

Observations of inanimate nature

Snow observations.

It's interesting to watch the snow melt. Draw the children's attention to the fact that snow melts differently in different places. Where does snow melt first? At the tree trunks. Why? Because the tree trunks are dark. Dark colors absorb more sunlight than light colors; Dark-colored objects heat up more than light-colored objects. Dark tree trunks heat up more than white snowdrifts, so the snow around the trees melts faster. Dirty snow also melts faster than clean snow.

You can tell the children that snow in the forest and in the city also melts differently. If the children have to go to the forest on weekends, ask them to pay attention to the snow in the forest. Brainstorm with your children about why snow melts faster in the city than in the forest. Why can you find islands of unmelted snow in the forest even in late spring? Because in the city the air temperature, as a rule, is always higher than in the forest (due to the many cars, due to the large number of people, various heating stations, factories and factories that produce heat). In addition, there are many trees in the forest that provide dense shade; Through the interlacing of branches, it is more difficult for the sun's rays to penetrate to the ground, and therefore the snow under the trees in the forest takes longer to melt.

Observations of the sun.

Invite children to touch the sleeves of a dark and light coat and say which one is warmer: children can see for themselves that warm light absorbs more sunlight than light light. That's why wipers scatter snow and ice along dark paths - this way it melts faster. For the same reason, snow melts fastest around dark tree trunks.

Cloud observations.

Observations of melt waters.

In spring, many streams form. Where do they come from - ask the children about this again. They should already know that snow is frozen water, and when it melts it turns back into water.

Water always flows down from high places. Children will be able to see this for themselves when

Plant Observations

Observations of buds on trees.

In winter and early spring, the buds are small, as if shrunk from the cold. As the sak gets warmer, the buds seem to swell, become larger, and then open. First, the tiny tip of a green leaf appears. If at this time the bud is cut and unfolded, then inside it you can see a tiny leaf, as if folded many times. Small young leaves are light green, sticky, sticky, fragrant. You can explain to children that in the spring, when it gets warmer, the ground becomes moist, “all the necessary conditions for plant growth are present. At the same time, you can repeat with the children what these conditions are:

Sunlight,

Warm,

Moisture.

Grass observations.

Bird watching.

Rooks are the first to return from warm regions and immediately get to work, looking for harmful worms and slugs in thawed areas. They are tidying up their large, strong twig nests that have been waiting for them all winter.

Insect observations.

You can explain to children that butterflies lay eggs, from which caterpillars then hatch. Caterpillars are serious pests of plants - they eat their leaves. Later, the caterpillars entangle themselves with a thread, which is released from the abdomen and turns into pupae.

While observing beetles, help children identify common features in their structure: 6 legs and 4 wings.

Weather observations.

Continue to teach children to analyze the weather with subsequent marks in the nature calendar.

Teach children to find a connection between the activity of the sun's rays and the awakening of life in plants, insects, and birds.

Observe with the children on which side of the veranda or roof more icicles form, and on which side they melt faster. Analyze on which side the snow melts faster, where the first thawed patches form.

Observe how much longer the day has become. This is explained by the fact that the Earth now receives much more sunlight than in winter.

Warmer weather in spring is due to the same reason. The Earth is so turned towards the Sun, more sunlight falls on it, which means it receives much more heat in spring than in winter.

In early spring, in the mornings, an ice crust forms on the surface of the snow - present. Together with the children, we will try to answer the question - why does crust appear on the snow? Because during the day the sun warms up, and the top layer of snow melts, but at night it is still frosty, and the melted snow sets again and freezes - and this is the ice crust.

Children are very interested in folk signs. They love to observe and check whether they are actually being fulfilled, whether they can predict the weather, and how accurate they are.

Folk signs

Long icicles - for a long spring.

The early arrival of rooks and larks means a warm spring.

I saw a rook - welcome spring.

The swallows have arrived - soon the thunder will roar.

If there are a lot of cobwebs flying in the spring, the summer will be hot.

Frogs don't croak until the first thunderstorm.

Late flowering of rowan - for a long autumn.

Activating the dictionary

Spring dictionary:thaw, thawed snow, icicles, drops, streams, melted snow, puddles, migratory birds, swollen buds, spring equinox, first flowers and leaves, awakening of nature.

Together with your children, you can discuss why spring months are included in the folk calendar. these names:

March is the morning of the year, dropper, protalnik, winter competition.

April - snowman, Aquarius, birch tree.

May - grass, pollen.

Labor on site

; We remove last year's yellowed and dry grass to make it easier for young green shoots to make their way to the sun. Explain to children why you can’t burn last year’s grass without first collecting it in a pile. If you set fire to old grass right where it grew, then the young shoots will also die from the fire.

1 Putting things in order in the area: collecting papers, rubbish blown by the wind, sweeping the veranda.

We collect sand in the sandbox, fill it with new sand, sweep the sides of the sandbox.

: We build dams and canals for homemade boats.

Role-playing games on a walk

"Young Captains" - game with homemade and toy boats and ships.

“We are building a channel” - construction game for draining water from a site into special dams.

"We - shipbuilders"- children learn to make boats from wood chips and paper.

"Spring Journey to the Forest"-children go on an imaginary walk in the forest, guided by the proposed plan or oral description.

Didactic games

“Which tree is the leaf from?”, “Birds of Migratory”- learn to recognize birds by description,"Fun Classes"- exercise in forward and backward counting""12 months", "Say the other way around" And "Say it differently"- selection of synonyms and antonyms,"Grandma Vodyanoy"- recognition by touch. :

What is snow

When the snow starts to melt

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