Hello, in this article I will tell you, methods of attaching the cable to the wall and ceiling.
There are two types of electrical wiring installation: open and hidden, and for each type you can choose a specific method of attaching wires to the wall. Below we will look at everything in detail existing methods fastenings, and also give the pros and cons of each of them.
Outdoor wiring
For installation open wiring the cable is attached to finished walls with decorative trim. More often, this type electrical installations are used in wooden houses and buildings on summer cottages, as well as in garages. To attach wires directly to the walls, use the following devices - cable ducts, clips or special porcelain insulators. Let's take a closer look at each of the above materials.
Cable channels
Today it is widespread the use of special plastic channels for fastening wires and cables. Firstly, cable channels have a low price, secondly, they look neat, and, most importantly, they allow you to secure several wires in one place. For self-installation wires in the cable channels only need to be secured plastic box on the wall using self-tapping screws. The manufacturer also produces specialized connections for fastening several cables in one line. After securing the cable channel, place all cables in it and close the front cover by simply snapping it into place.
Learn how to attach a cable duct to the ceiling and wall
PVC plastic pipes and corrugated tube
Pipes and corrugations for pulling wires through them are available in the following sizes: 16 20 25 32 40 50 mm. They are designed to protect electrical wires and cables from mechanical damage at the stage of repair and operation of the premises, and are also necessary for fire safety.
Fastening of PVC pipe and corrugated tube is carried out using clips and iron brackets of identical size.
To stretch the VVGng 3x1.5 cable to a length of 1 meter or more, you will need a corrugation of 16 diameters and clips of 16. Measure the required length of the corrugated tube and cut it with a knife; there should be steel wire inside. After this, attach one end of the steel wire to the VVGng 3x1.5 cable, and the other end to a rigidly fixed base (heating pipe, etc.).
Pull the steel wire from the side of the cable and, holding the corrugation, pull forward, and the cable will begin to be pulled inward. When the cable comes out of the other end of the corrugated tube, the steel wire can be cut off.
For cables of a different cross-section, select the corrugation so that the cable can easily pass inside without breaking it, but if this happens, connect the two pieces and wrap them with electrical tape (after tightening the cable).
When using a PVC pipe more than 10 meters long, use 2mm or 3mm steel wire, first tightening it inside the pipe (after installing the entire route). To make a corner or get around an obstacle, use corrugation and couplings of the same size. Couplings are also necessary when connecting pipes to each other.
Clips and iron staples
The use of clips or staples to secure wires is only suitable for installing electrical wiring in plastic pipes PVC or corrugated tube.
Iron staples are used when it is necessary to secure a heavy area, because... the clip may not hold up.
Fastening clips is faster than staples, because when installing three pipes or corrugations, we will need to make holes for each staple, but for three clips only two holes, because clips can be connected to each other.
Clips and iron staples are released different diameters 16 20 25 32 40 50 mm.
An example of attaching clips to the ceiling for mounting five pipes or corrugations.
To secure a corrugated tube at a distance of 1 meter or more, the step between the clips should be no more than 60 cm (make sure that the corrugation does not sag between the clips)
Clip distance for installation PVC pipes no more than 1 meter.
When installing one line of PVC or corrugated pipes, you can use clips combined with plugs.
Nail staples
This type of fastening is not suitable for installing large cross-section cables; they are usually used for fastening television and telephone cables, as well as Internet lines.
Hidden electrical installation
This method of installing electrical wiring is carried out in grooves, then the wall is covered plaster mortar, the cable can also be fixed without recessing it into the groove, but the consumption of plaster will then increase. Within the walls panel house electrical wiring runs in special channels inside the wall and ceiling, poured with concrete at the factory.
Dowel clamp is plastic fastener, it can be used to secure the cable to various surfaces: concrete, brick, foam block, aerated concrete block.
Dowel clamps are produced in the following sizes: 5-10, 11-18, 19-25.
An example of fastening a VVGng 3x1.5 cable with a dowel clamp, with or without a groove
- Take a hammer drill with a 6mm drill and drill holes in the wall or ceiling at intervals of 30 cm from each other
- Straighten the cable so that it lies flat against the wall without twists or creases.
- Take a dowel clamp size 5-10
- Secure the cable to the wall with a clamp
Quick drying solution
This solution includes building gypsum, alabaster The solution can only be used for fastening cables in the wall groove, because in other cases it is not practical.
Method of fastening electrical wiring in a groove with alabaster:
- Prepare a cable of the required cross-section
- Mix some solution
- Lay the cable in the groove and apply alabaster into the groove with a spatula in increments of 40 cm.
Homemade staples
These brackets can be made from a flat 2-core cable, one cable core, or from tin can from coffee. Using staples, you can secure a large bundle of cable runs.
An example of fastening a VVGng 3x1.5 cable with a 2-core cable:
- Cut the 2-core cable into 7 centimeters
- Using a hammer drill with a 6mm drill, make holes in the groove with a pitch of 40cm
- Drive dowel plugs into the holes
- Secure the cut strips of cable in the groove by screwing screws through the center of the 2-core cable into the plug
- Straighten the cable to be laid and secure it with a 2-core cable
To use one 1.5mm copper core instead of a 2-core cable, you need to do all the same steps except the 4th, and instead screw the core onto a screw and screw it into the plug.
Thank you for your attention!
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Rating: 4.7 out of 5 ( 26 votes)Structure VVG cable
The VVG cable consists of two, three or four cores, the same thing happens with the presence of a grounding and neutral conductor. For ease of connection, the VVG cable cores are painted in different colors. You should know that BLUE or CYAN color means that the core is zero, and YELLOW-GREEN core means grounding. Please take this into account when laying out the wiring!
Technical characteristics of VVG cable
- View climatic version UHL and T cables, placement categories 1 and 5 according to GOST 15150-69
- Operating temperature range: from -50°С to +50°С
- Relative air humidity at temperatures up to +35°C: up to 98%
- Laying and installation of cables without preheating is carried out at a temperature not lower than: -15°C
The minimum bending radius when laying single-core cables of the VVG brand is 10 outer diameters, single-core cables of the VVGng brand are 15 outer diameters, multi-core cables are 7.5 outer diameters.
Rated frequency of the VVG power cable: 50 Hz Test alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz:
- for voltage 0.66 kV - 3 kV
- for voltage 1 kV - 3.5 kV
Long-term permissible temperature heating of cable cores during operation: +70°C Construction length cables for sections of main cores:
VVG - power cable with copper conductors in plastic insulation and sheath meets the requirements of GOST 31996-2012 and GOST 31565-2012.
Description of the VVG cable
The VVG cable is the first generation of power cables in PVC insulation and sheath, it was developed for stationary installation in Electricity of the net with alternating voltage up to 1000 Volts and frequency up to 50 Hertz. The VVG cable has gained universal popularity due to its low cost and optimal characteristics, it was not as fire hazardous as a cable with impregnated paper insulation and was more durable, unlike cables with rubber insulation, it was resistant to humidity, unlike cables with cold insulation, but progress does not stand still and it was replaced by the VVGng cable which being an analogue of VVG, it showed more outstanding characteristics in terms of fire safety.
Currently the power cable VVG is an outdated position due to its fire hazard; it is being replaced everywhere by VVGng.
Characteristics of VVG cable
The VVG cable is used at temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees Celsius.
The optimal humidity during operation of VVG cables is up to 98%; at higher humidity, it is recommended to use a tropical cable version that is resistant to mold.
Installation of VVG cables is carried out at a temperature not lower than -15 degrees, at more low temperatures Pre-heating of the cable is required to prevent damage to the frozen sheath.
The VVG cable does not spread fire when installed alone; when installed in groups, additional fire safety measures are required.
Acceptable working temperature heating of VVG cable cores 70 degrees.
Maximum core heating temperature at short circuit, no more than 160 degrees, with more high temperature there is a risk of insulation melting.
The maximum permissible heating temperature of the VVG cable cores under the condition of non-ignition: 350 degrees.
The service life of the VVG cable is at least 30 years from the date of manufacture.
Decoding of VVG markings
B - PVC insulation.
B - PVC sheath.
G - has no armor.
VVG cable design
1) Core - copper of the first or second class according to GOST 22483.
2) Insulation - made of polyvinyl chloride plastic.
3) The shell is made of polyvinyl chloride plastic.
Application of VVG cable
Power copper cable VVG is used for permanent installation in electrical networks with voltages up to 1000 Volts and a frequency of 50 Hertz. The VVG cable is installed electrical wiring without limiting the level difference along the route, when laying on outdoors additional protection from direct sunlight is required (HDPE pipe, cable tray, etc.), since ultraviolet radiation significantly reduces the service life of the VVG cable; when laid in the ground, additional measures of protection against mechanical damage to the sheath are required. It is prohibited to lay VVG in buildings and structures due to new fire safety requirements.
VVG cable specifications which allows it to be laid both outdoors and in wet (up to 98 percent humidity) and dry type rooms, has become a popular solution today. The application of this type of cable is quite wide.
Cable laying methods
Open method of laying VVG cable. According to the technical characteristics of this cable, its open installation is allowed on structures and surfaces made of low-combustible or non-flammable materials, such as concrete, plastered surfaces, brick, plaster, etc.
Open laying of the VVG cable is not excluded on suspended structures, for example, a cable, etc. Moreover, such structures must ensure reliable installation. In the case of laying cables along suspended structures, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of mechanical action on the cable (stretching or sagging).
It is necessary to install additional protection if there is a risk of damage to the cable product mechanically. When laying cables in an open manner over wooden combustible surfaces, additional protection must be used. Installation in this case should be carried out using a pipe, metal hose, corrugated hose, cable duct and other types of protection.
Hidden laying method cable VVG. This method of laying cables is the most common in residential areas. The cable is laid in voids, under plaster, in grooves, etc.
Mechanical damage in this installation method is unlikely, so additional protection is not required. The exception is wall voids in wooden houses.
Here you can do hidden gasket cables in pipes or other non-combustible materials. There are regulatory documents for hidden electrical wiring, which determine the correct installation of the VVGng cable in a hidden way.
Laying VVG cable in the ground. As a rule, it is not allowed to lay this brand of cable underground without special means protection. This is explained by the fact that it does not have natural protection that will protect the cable from mechanical stress.
Realize VVG cable installation underground it is necessary in sealed boxes according to cable structures and overpasses. Additional protection such as tunnels, pipes, etc. can be applied.
VVG cable options
Today in the store you will find a large assortment of wires and cables. The buyer has the opportunity buy cable and wire products, having different design cores and various insulating coatings.
The characteristics of a particular product can be determined by special markings, which, as a rule, all cables and conductors have. Below we provide a breakdown of the most common brands of cable and wire products.
Let's look at how the varieties differ from the basic version. Novice electricians often do not understand how the VVGng cable differs from the traditional VVG version, as well as from the VVGng-LS:
1) - VVG has regular PVC insulation, does not have any self-extinguishing or fire retardant properties;
2) - VVGng the insulating layer of this cable contains halogen chemical elements, which interfere with the combustion process;
3) - VVGng-ls, when the sheath of the current-carrying conductors of this cable ignites, virtually no gas or smoke is released due to the fact that halogen-free polyvinyl chloride is used to create this sheath.
Cable VVG 2*1.5, VVG 2*10, VVG 2*16, VVG 2*2.5, VVG 2*4, VVG 2*6, VVG 3*1.5, VVG 3*10, VVG 3*16, VVG 3*2 ,5, VVG 3*4, VVG 3*6, VVG 4*1.5, VVG 4*10, VVG 4*120, VVG 4*150, VVG 4*16, VVG 4*185, VVG 4*2, 5, VVG 4*240, VVG 4*25, VVG 4*35, VVG 4*4, VVG 4*50, VVG 4*6, VVG 4*70, VVG 4*95, VVG 5*1.5, VVG 5*10, VVG 5*120, VVG 5*150, VVG 5*16, VVG 5*185, VVG 5*2.5, VVG 5*25, VVG 5*35, VVG 5*4, VVG 5*50 , VVG 5*6, VVG 5*70 VVG 5*95 is designed for distribution and transmission of electricity to the same voltage class. But there are some differences. The VVGng-ls cable has technical characteristics that allow it to be used in places where there is a particularly high risk of fire. Therefore, in the labeling we see the corresponding designations (Low Smoke).
4) - VVGng-frls is a similar model, but in addition to the above, it is also fire resistant (two letters in the marking indicate this - Fire Resistance Low Smoke). When this type of cable catches fire, the emission of smoke and gas is reduced. When laying in groups, combustion does not spread.
During production fire resistant cable VVGng-frls uses halogen-free materials, which distinguishes this product from other brands. Halogen-free plastic provides high level insulation and emits a normal amount of smoke. Fire safety is the main feature of this type of cable.
What does VVG mean spelling?
In the instructions for electrical installation work non-flammable cable VVGng can be seen most often. In terms of price/quality ratio, this is the best option. This conductor is indeed quite versatile, since it can be used in flammable buildings and in structures with high humidity. Below are the technical characteristics of this product, as well as its purpose, disadvantages and advantages.
What can the marking say? First, let's look at what conductor markings there are. Knowing the meaning of each letter in the marking, you can easily determine what properties the cable has.
Let us list the main characteristics by which conductors can be divided.
1. Material used to make the conductor:
- - letter A, if it is aluminum;
- - without designation if it is copper.
2. Material from which the insulation of current-carrying conductors is made:
- - letter P - polymer insulation;
- - letters Pv - polyethylene;
- - letter B - polyvinyl chloride.
3. Cable armor:
- - letter G - no armor, bare cable;
- - armored (B).
4. Shell, outer insulation:
- - letter B - polyvinyl chloride;
- - letters Shv - has a protective hose;
- - letters Шп - has a protective hose made of polyethylene;
- - letter P - polymer outer shell.
5. On fire safety:
- - if there is no designation, then when laid alone, the cable does not spread fire;
- - if the designation is ng, then when laid in groups the cable does not spread fire;
- - if the designation is ng-ls, smoke and gas emissions are reduced, when laid in groups the cable does not spread fire;
- - if the designation is ng-hf, when laid in groups, the cable does not propagate combustion, and during smoldering and combustion no corrosive gaseous substances are released;
- - if the designation is ng-frls, when laid in groups, it does not propagate combustion, the emission of gas and smoke is reduced;
- - if the designation is ng-frhf, when laid in groups, the cable does not propagate combustion, and during smoldering and combustion no corrosive gaseous substances are released.
Based on the above, we can do the following: decrypt VVGng abbreviation: insulation of current-carrying conductors is made of polyvinyl chloride (B), insulation of the outer sheath is also made of polyvinyl chloride (B), special protective layer, no armor (D).
In the language of VVG electric motorists, the decoding sounds something like this: V - vinyl, V - vinyl, G - bare. In addition, the letters ng mean that when installed in groups, this cable is flame retardant. This is a very important parameter if you need to lay the cable in places with a fairly high probability of fire. Safety comes first. Since the described marking does not contain the letter A, the cable consists of copper conductors.
Cable products. IN availability power copper and aluminum cable And wire... You can choose from us accompanying product: cable- channel, corrugated pipes, clamps, couplings.
cable company"Multi-cable" offers a wide assortment from stock with the possibility of delivery throughout Russia:
Buy cable Volga region, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Samara, Naberezhnye Chelny, Ufa, Orenburg, Saratov, Engels
Buy cable including delivery: Samara, Togliatti, Pokhvistnevo, Otradny, Bezenchuk, Pestravka
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Cable including delivery: Republic of Tatarstan, Almetevsk, Apastovo, Bavly, Bugulma, Kazan, Nurlat.
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Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, Alupka, Alushta, Armyansk, Bakhchisaray, Belogorsk, Dzhankoy, Evpatoria, Inkerman, Kerch, Koktebel, Krasnoperekopsk, Saki, Sevastopol, Crimea, Zander, Feodosia, Foros, Shchelkino, Yalta
Cable type VVGng is the product most often used for installing electrical networks indoors. Its advantage over other types of cables lies in its flexibility and excellent electrical conductivity, due to the use of electrical copper as a material for conductive wires. And also the increased safety of insulation from, which practically does not support combustion.
The number of current-carrying insulated cores in different modifications ranges from 2 to 5, and according to the type of arrangement of conductors inside the outer shell and, accordingly, its appearance, there is a distinction between round cable VVgng and flat cable (VVGng-P). Current-carrying cable cores with a specific cross-section of more than 16 mm2 are made multi-core. Cables with smaller cross-sections often use single-core conductors.
Main characteristics of the VVG-ng cable
- Material from which the conductors are made: electrical copper.
- Permissible voltage and frequency of the electrical network: 660V, 50 Hz.
- Permitted operating temperature range: not standardized in the Russian Federation.
- The maximum permissible temperature of the conductor is +70°C.
- Work with VVGng cable is permitted when negative temperatures no more than -10°C.
- The permissible bending loop diameter for a single-core cable is at least 10Dn, and for a multi-core cable - 7.5Dn (Dn - outside diameter cable).
- The service life of the VVGng cable is more than 30 years.
Methods for laying VVGng cables
1. External installation. Wiring open type allowed on brick, concrete, plastered and other types hard surfaces resistant to fire.
If it is necessary to travel by air, you can secure the VVGng cable using a cable or other suspended structures, if they protect the cable from excessive sagging and stretching.
When laying VVGng cable along wooden surfaces You should use a protective metal hose, cable ducts, corrugated hoses and other insulating materials intended for this purpose.
2. Use of cable-supporting structures. This method is mainly used when installing wiring and power supply systems in production workshops.
The VVGng cable is laid inside plastic or metal protective boxes, pipes made of various non-combustible materials. Moreover, it is allowed to lay not one, but several cables inside these structures.
According to PUE requirements the number of cables laid in a box or pipe is calculated using a special method, since it is necessary not to deteriorate temperature regime and others performance characteristics, ensuring safety.
3. Hidden wiring. Almost all electrical networks in apartments and private houses are installed in specially made grooves, cavities or voids in the plaster on the surface of the walls.
In apartment buildings residential buildings As a rule, a whole network of such channels is provided. However, if desired, it can be “supplemented” - grooved required quantity cavities using special tools.
The advantages of networks laid in this way include particular reliability and durability, since the possibility of mechanical damage to the cable in closed channels is minimized.
4. Underground installation. Lay the VVGng cable in the ground without additional means of protection against mechanical damage and moisture. Not recommended.
Underground cable laying is only permitted when using protective pipes, ducts or tunnels.
For installation in earthen trenches, it is necessary to use special grades of cable (usually armored and with corrosion-resistant insulation), for example AAB2l cable
The decision on choosing an installation method is made based on regulatory documents, after studying all technical characteristics connected equipment and other important factors. Only qualified personnel who have the necessary permits are allowed to carry out cable laying work.
Cable laying, the price of which is lower than the average market price in Moscow, is one of the specialized services of the electrical installation organization ElektroDoka. If you are interested in cable laying, the price per meter or advice on the installation of power cables, consult with the specialists of our company, and you will be convinced that ElektroDoka is ready to offer you the optimal price-quality ratio, as well as the shortest deadlines for completing the work.
Cable installation: price, list of services.
| 1. ELECTRICAL WIRING, CABLE CHANNELS | |||
| 1.1 | Laying cables or wires in a box (cable channel) up to 4 mm square. | m.p. | 50 |
| 1.2 | Laying a cable or wire in a box (cable channel) from 6 mm sq. | m.p. | 60 |
| 1.3 | Installation of electrical wiring in a groove up to 4 mm square. | m.p. | 50 |
| 1.4 | Installation of electrical wiring in a groove of 6 mm square. | m.p. | 70 |
| 1.5 | Installation of cable or wire on the ceiling | m.p. | 80 |
| 1.6 | Installation of cable or wire in a corrugated pipe along the ceiling | m.p. | 120 |
| 1.7 | Tightening the cable into a corrugated pipe | m.p. | 40 |
| 1.8 | Tightening the cable into a metal sleeve | m.p. | 60 |
| 1.9 | Cable channel up to 25 mm wide on gypsum board (plasterboard), wood | m.p. | 120 |
| 1.10 | Cable channel up to 25 mm wide on brick | m.p. | 140 |
| 1.11 | Cable duct up to 25 mm wide on concrete | m.p. | 170 |
| 1.12 | Cable duct with a width of over 25 mm on gypsum plasterboard (plasterboard), wood | m.p. | 150 |
| 1.13 | Cable channel over 25 mm wide on brick | m.p. | 180 |
| 1.14 | Cable duct over 25 mm wide on concrete | m.p. | 210 |
| 2. SHARPING | |||
| 2.1 | Strobe size 20x20 mm in gypsum plasterboard (plasterboard) | m.p. | 150 |
| 2.2 | Strobe size 20x20 mm in brick | m.p. | 200 |
| 2.3 | Strobe size 20x20 mm in concrete | m.p. | 370 |
| 2.4 | Strobe size 40x40 mm in gypsum plasterboard (plasterboard) | m.p. | 160 |
| 2.5 | Strobe size 40x40 mm in brick | m.p. | 330 |
| 2.6 | Strobe size 40x40 mm in concrete | m.p. | 580 |
| 2.7 | Strobe size 70x70 mm in gypsum board (plasterboard) | m.p. | 180 |
| 2.8 | Strobe size 70x70 mm in brick | m.p. | 440 |
| 2.9 | Strobe size 70x70 mm in concrete | m.p. | 800 |
| 2.10 | Strobe size 100x100 mm in gypsum plasterboard (plasterboard) | m.p. | 250 |
| 2.11 | Strobe size 100x100 mm in brick | m.p. | 700 |
| 2.12 | Strobe size 100x100 mm in concrete | m.p. | 1200 |
When laying cables, prices depend on the installation method (hidden or outdoor). However, regardless of how the cable will be laid, the cost per meter in our company is minimal. Electrical work are carried out in compliance with all electrical installation rules and with a guarantee of high aesthetic quality.
We offer clients the following types of services:
- External cable laying in Moscow. The wiring is secured using brackets and clips. The advantage of this method is the ease of repairing wiring in the event of a problem. emergency situation. The disadvantage is the low aesthetic effect (the cable can be hidden under the baseboard, platbands or baguette, but in some places it will still run along the walls).
- Hidden installation cable. In this case, the cable is laid in a specially equipped cut-out in the wall (groove). The advantages of the method are safety (you don’t have to worry that a child or pet will reach the cable) and a high aesthetic effect. Disadvantage - the cost of installing the cable in a hidden way is higher than when laying it over the walls. In addition, when carrying out renovations in an apartment or house, a cable hidden in the wall can be accidentally damaged: before drilling into the walls, you need to look at the wiring diagram.
- Installation of cable in cable duct. Installation of a cable channel, the price of which is indicated in our price list, is most often used in electrification office premises And country houses. The technician will select the appropriate cable duct size and install all the necessary elements - plugs, tees, etc. The advantage of this method is ease of access to the wiring. The disadvantage is that the aesthetic effect is not very good (which, in principle, is quite appropriate in offices).
- Underground cable laying. This type of power cable installation, the price of which is indicated in the price list, requires highly qualified craftsmen and the cost of maintaining earthworks. Installation of the power cable is carried out based on the design either manually or using a cable plow. The cost of laying cable in a trench per meter will depend on which option is chosen.
- Installation overhead line. This is done either on porcelain insulators or using stretching ( optimal view electricians will help you choose installation after inspecting the facility).
- Drawing up a project and assistance in coordinating it with Energonadzor: this condition is mandatory for the initial installation of the cable.
- Calculation of the power consumed by the electrified object.
- Selection the desired type cables (please note: special types cables will be required when using outdoor and underground laying schemes).
Street cable can be installed in two ways. Today we will talk in detail about each of them. The main features will also be identified various types cables At the end of the article you will be able to find out which one is best suited in a particular case.
Selection and installation methods of power cable
Outdoor cable can be installed in two different ways:
You can also use cables that already have support cable(For example, ).
But most the best option connections country house today is an insulated self-supporting SIP wire. For example, in and, the zero core performs a load-bearing function, and in and - the twisted cores represent a load-bearing structure.
Underground. Here you select a cable for street wiring, designed to work underground. For this purpose, you can purchase or. These cables can be used without additional protection laid in the ground, as they have armor made of galvanized strips. If it is necessary to lay the cable in places where ground subsidence is possible, then you need to use cables with wire armor, for example or.
If you choose another type (for example, VVG or), then it must be laid in a protective metal pipe or box.
Selection and installation methods information cables UTP and FTP
Street cable is a twisted pair cable that has a common foil shield and a copper conductor to drain induced currents. It is generally used for external lining, while street cable is an unshielded twisted pair cable. In principle, both the first and second can be laid outdoors if the cable sheath is made of light-stabilized polyethylene, for example or. In other cases, it is necessary to protect the cable from exposure to sunlight and wind loads. For this purpose, it can be hidden in corrugated pipe. Installation of both types of cables is carried out using the same technology as the power cable. However, it must be remembered that street twisted pair cable must be laid separately from power lines.
How to lay communications underground?
First you need to select and mark a piece of land where the supports will be installed and the cable laid. It is necessary that from the nearest big trees a distance of 1 meter was maintained. Also, during the installation process, it is necessary to avoid its intersection with other cables and other places of increased load on the ground.
Then you need to dig a trench as shown in the figure. Its depth should be at least 70 cm, taking into account the cushion - about 80 cm. The trench must be cleared of solid objects that could damage the cable sheath.
The cable is laid on a pre-prepared sand cushion a layer of at least 5 cm, ideally about 10 cm.
Before laying in a trench, a cable for outdoor installation must be checked for integrity using a megger or a digital tester - a “tseshka”.
The outdoor cable must be laid in a “snake” pattern to avoid interference.
After which it is necessary to fulfill the following conditions: cover the cable with sand (layer thickness - 10 cm), soil (15 cm layer), compact this place with your feet, lay a warning tape (do not damage the cable during excavation work!), so that its middle is located above the cable.
Next, fill the trench completely, making a small hill. The soil should settle over time. Finally, measure the cable insulation resistance again to make sure that the cable was not damaged during installation.
How to lay communications over the air?
If the cable does not have any design load-bearing element, then when laying by air it is recommended to use galvanized steel cable. If the length of the cable to be laid does not exceed 80 meters, then the cross-section of the cable should be from 1 to 1.5 mm 2.
The cable is laid in the air with its direct fastening along the entire length to the cable using nylon ties every 50 cm. The cable does not need to be pulled all the way. It is better to attach it to a cable with a little slack.
Naturally, a cable with a built-in cable is much faster and easier to lay through the air.
Which method and cable is better?
The aerial method of laying electrical communications is more expedient if you need to lay a street cable several meters long. It will be much faster, but less aesthetically pleasing and reliable. Underground - higher quality and more durable. It is better to resort to this method when there is quite a significant distance from the pole to the house. It is also more suitable for organizing a full-fledged outdoor lighting system.
For the aerial method, it is better to use cables with a built-in cable.
It is more expedient to lay underground armored cable VBBShV, but you can limit yourself to VVG. Here the final choice is made by the customer depending on his financial capabilities.
