The most common types of roofs by design. Types of roofing materials for roofs: compare and choose the best What roofing materials exist

Construction of a roof is an important stage in the construction of a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the climate zone. Its second function is aesthetic.

Who doesn't want to live in beautiful house? A spectacular roof can become the highlight of the entire building and even a local landmark.

Types of roofs

The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by climate.

A flat solution is appropriate in areas with minimal annual precipitation. The absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in an area with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.

More suitable for our latitudes pitched design. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation and is usually at least 10º. In a private house, the roof structure often involves several slopes.

The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the living area attic floor. The roofless roof also serves as the ceiling of the upper floor.

When designing a roof, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether you plan to place a living space or a storage room on it.

The pitched roof is inclined to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be positioned towards the winds. Great choice for a house with walls of different heights. This simple design effectively uses space, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent addition of floors.

Among the shortcomings, it is not the most interesting view. An unusual approach (a combination of slopes at different levels, the use of metal tiles) will allow you to achieve an attractive result.

A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, the exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.

The slope should facilitate its natural cleansing from snow and water. This design is suitable for attic equipment, is quickly and inexpensively installed, and opens up wide possibilities for design.

Four-slope hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid strong wind. You can build an attic or attic underneath it, but their area will be smaller than in the gable version. The disadvantage of the design is the complexity and labor intensity of construction.

The original half-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. May have two or four slopes. The spectacular appearance hides the complexity of installation and roofing.

The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should have the shape of a rectangle or square. A good option the coverings will be metal tiles or slate.

The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for houses of non-standard architecture with extensions. The complexity of the design, including many slopes and angles with different inclinations, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.

A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a structure with a round or multifaceted shape. A durable and earthquake-resistant design is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.

The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing the attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.

Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunities to create a functional and aesthetic option. back side medals - construction, design and maintenance are fraught with considerable difficulties.

The architecture of the house also plays a role in choosing the shape of the roof: for example, a gable or multi-gable roof is more suitable for a building in a classical style. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make your choice.

Mansard roofs

In private homes, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of benefits obtained. Perhaps the most important of them is the additional space without constructing a full floor.

Competently organized system ventilation and thermal insulation of the attic will improve the microclimate of the house. At the right approach You can effectively use even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic. Windows built into the roof will provide the room with maximum natural light.

Before starting work, make sure that the load-bearing walls and foundation can withstand the new loads.

The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º ( top part may be at an angle of 25-35º).

Material selection

Traditional roofing material - slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). Despite being reliable and cheap, it remains quite heavy. Suitable Angle roof slope for its use is 13-60º.

Not suitable for flat roofs, since precipitation getting into the cracks will lead to a decrease in service life. Bituminous slate is used starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the sheathing depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.

Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, can also be used in repairing the roof of a private house. At the expense of its advantages is strength and durability.

Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metallic profile will be a good alternative to slate. You can choose the coating of your favorite color.

Roofing felt is often used to provide thermal insulation rather than full coverage. It is a soft black material.

The tiles have high decorative qualities, are reliable and lightweight. Produced by the most different colors. The high cost of the roof can discourage you from choosing it. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to increase ventilation and waterproofing.

Perhaps the most popular roofing for a private house is metal tiles. It can be used starting from a 15º slope.

Bituminous shingles will follow the surface of any curvature, so they will be a good choice for an unusual roof (for example, a domed one). The minimum tilt angle is 12º.

Photos of the roofs of private houses

In modern private construction, there are a great many types of house roofs, and our material will discuss their most popular options. Such important roofing structures can be divided depending on the shape, design features and what materials were used in its construction.

Tilt angle

First, we suggest you familiarize yourself with what types of roofing there are. Depending on the angle of inclination, two main categories of structures can be defined:

Flat, with an angle of inclination not exceeding 3 degrees relative to the horizon. Since their maintenance is very difficult, and precipitation stagnates in them, such options are quite rare. The positive aspects here include inexpensive installation and a small number of consumables. On this design you can build a terrace under open air, which can also be considered an advantage.
Pitched, with an inclination angle of 10 degrees and above. Such samples are easy to use, which is why their popularity is very high. There is no accumulation of precipitation here, and water is perfectly discharged through storm drains.

Roofs with pitched surfaces, in turn, are divided into subcategories:

single-pitched;
gable steep;
gable flat;
gable attics with a broken configuration;
hipped, semi-hip;
hipped hipped roofs;
four-slope hip.

The most convenient to implement include shed roofing structures, the surface slope of which is from 4 to 6 degrees. It makes sense to install them in garages, sheds and other outbuildings.

What are the types of roofing?

If you need to build an attic, give preference mansard roof, which can consist of two slopes and have a broken contour configuration. Hip samples are practical; they can withstand wind loads, but their installation cannot be called simple.

This will require materials in large quantities, and you cannot do without a professional installation team. When choosing roof types, be sure to consider all factors, and do not limit yourself solely to information about the service life and cost of the project.

In order for the structure to please the eye and be a real decoration of the house, it is necessary to pay special attention to its design.

Popular types of roofs of private houses and their characteristics

Of course, the popularity of this or that type of roofing is explained by the ease of installation, saving money and time, the climatic characteristics of the region and the personal preferences of the owners. Let's move on to detailed review presented in modern construction options.

Gable

This type is the most popular and has been erected in our country for a long time. Another name for a structure with two slopes that rest on walls of the same height is a “gable roof.” Installation here is more complicated than with single-slope option, But facing materials here they can be completely different, which makes it possible to satisfy any developer’s design requirements.

Hip

In this case, we are dealing with four slopes, the shape of two of which follows the trapezoid, and the remaining two are made in the form of triangles. The name of the design comes from the word “hips” (front triangular slopes).

During the installation process, beams are installed here using double tightening and drains are installed on each slope at an angle of 45 degrees. The construction of such structures requires additional effort and skills, because the device rafter system in this case it is quite complicated.

Half-hip

This is one of the options for hip roofs, with the only difference being that a truncated triangular slope is formed here, and it is installed higher than its trapezoidal counterparts. Among the disadvantages, we can only note the additional costs of materials, because you will have to finish those sections of the planes that are adjacent to the ribs of the roof. Such structures are good for use in regions with windy climates.

Attic (broken)

Another type of gable samples, characterized by broken slopes, which allows you to significantly increase attic space, called an attic. Pentagonal pediments leave no one indifferent, and their construction will not cause any particular difficulties experienced craftsmen. The only thing you will have to deal with is to buy materials for insulating the living space and install them, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the house, which is not required in the case of a regular attic not intended for living.

On average, the cost of constructing a roof is about 20% of the total construction costs, but we can make the most of usable area construction and get a two-story house with essentially one level.

Flat

Forgotten for a while, these types of house roofs are gradually returning to construction thanks to unusual design solutions modern architects. Flat roofs allow you to build a flower garden, tennis court or mini outdoor pool, especially if your home is located in a region with a warm climate. They can be improved with removable canopies made of glass or other materials that will reliably protect the recreation area from precipitation and pollution. A transparent dome will provide space natural light, and in evening time will help out lighting. Here you can install solar panels and water heating elements, if you need them, of course.

Among the advantages, I would especially like to note the affordable costs for materials and installation work. Don't forget about quality storm system, with the help of which all precipitation will leave the roof without a trace; moreover, the flat surface still has a slope, although it is invisible at first glance. As for the disadvantages, problems with thermal insulation may arise here, and here we are primarily talking about the heating of the plane in the summer heat, but you can deal with the cold in the same way as in the case of a mansard roof.

If the roof structure with slopes has its own heat exchanger in the form of an attic, then flat options cannot boast of such a feature, so in case of urgent need, you will have to separately resort to its construction.

The main rule here is to create ventilation between the ceiling of the living space and the roof, and it does not matter what shape it will be.

You can equip both a ventilated attic and ventilation ducts, which will hide the rafters and cladding materials of the roof.

Less popular roof types

In addition to the most common roofing structures, there are other options that can also be found in private construction, although less frequently. Their shape is somewhat different from the specimens we looked at above, but that makes them no less beautiful. The creation of such samples must be approached seriously, because their implementation may only be feasible for professionals.

Single-pitch

A distinctive feature of this type of construction is the rafter system, which rests on walls of different levels, due to which a slope is formed. Such structures are easy to construct, and any, even the most inexpensive, materials are suitable for their cladding.

As for practicality, it is obvious, because precipitation does not linger here, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining such a building. The disadvantage is also significant - you will not be able to arrange an attic or attic, and this may be why today it is rare to see lean-to examples on new houses.

Tent

The shape of such a roof is made in the form of four symmetrically located triangles along each wall of the building, which form a kind of tent. It has an unusual chic look, but it is very difficult to build due to the overly sophisticated rafter system.

Multi-forceps

It has another name - valley, and is characterized by one of the most complex rafter systems. Lots of outdoor and internal corners At the junctions of two slopes they are not easy to install; in addition, valleys provoke the accumulation of snow and rainwater, which can lead to leaks.

Multi-gable designs can be afforded by wealthy people who build polygonal-shaped houses with a large number of extensions and attic spaces.

Dome

These types of roofs only in rare cases cover the entire area of the building and are mainly installed over part of it. To install the frame you will need flexible elements, and decorative covering Flexible or soft lining is suitable. As a rule, dome solutions are preferred by lovers of antiquity, oriental style, ancient castles and everything unusual, bringing it into your home.

Spherical

Recently, spherical roofs have been slowly gaining popularity among our compatriots, although this is rarely the case residential buildings. They cover gazebos, sports grounds, and church buildings, so we can see these types of construction almost every day.

Green

The point here is not the color of the decorative coating, as it might seem at first glance. As a cladding, if you can call it that, we are dealing with natural soil in which plants are planted, serving as a real decoration for such an exotic design. Everything can be noted here positive traits flat samples, improved with special ventilation system. Thanks to this laying, the roots of bushes and trees are limited in growth, always have enough moisture for watering, and in addition, conditions are created for healthy aeration of the roots of green spaces.

An undoubted advantage is the uniqueness of the open greenhouse, because it is very rare to come across such green living structures. Looking at the rapid development of new technologies and the popularity of environmental projects, it is not difficult to predict that soon such plantings on the tops of houses will become much more widespread. Do you want to distinguish yourself from your neighbors and are not afraid to face the need for careful care of outdoor plants? Then a green roof is right for you and you can enjoy its beauty.

Decorative cladding: what to choose?

Apart from personal preferences and financial opportunities, in this matter you need to take into account design features that can both limit your choice and allow you to expand it. Today the most common materials are:

metal tiles;
bitumen shingles;
ceramic tiles;
slate;
sandwich panels.

All these roofing materials differ from each other in technical specifications, composition and design, and are also installed on the surface of the structure according to different technologies, therefore, before choosing, you should carefully read their description, manufacturer’s recommendations and warnings. If you take a balanced approach to this issue and study all the subtleties and nuances of the roof structure, you will be able to create reliable protection and at the same time decoration for your home.

The roof is considered as important in the structure of the house as the foundation and walls. It is classified as a load-bearing structure and therefore must meet a number of requirements: to be strong, reliable, durable, well insulated, and have good heat and sound insulation. Which house roofs to choose is the prerogative of the poor homeowner. The main thing here is not to make a mistake in choosing. The roof must also match the type of shape and be fireproof.

To make it easier to meet these requirements, before creating a house project, you need to select the shape in advance, calculate the height, and select the appropriate materials for its construction.

What forms are there?

There are several types of roof shapes. The choice should be based on design features:

Single-pitch. One roof plane resting on two outer walls of unequal height. It is applied for utility rooms(shed) and in garages.
Gable. It has 2 planes, which, as in the first case, rest on 2 external wall structures, but of the same height. The planes are designed at a certain angle relative to each other.
hip. It has slopes on the end side in the shape of a triangle. The side walls also resemble a triangle, only truncated, or a trapezoid.
Half-hip. Consists of 2 slopes. The surfaces on the end side have the shape of a triangle.
Broken. Very complex model roofs. At the bottom the slopes are triangular, at the top they are connected, and always at an obtuse angle.
Tent. It is also not without difficulties. This is a quadrangular structure with 4 slopes of the same size.
Cross-shaped. Used when the house has a complex shape. The calculations and design of this type must be carried out by a design engineer. This is explained by the fact that the cruciform shape of the roof requires the calculation and installation of valleys. It is important to place them correctly in the structure. Otherwise, leaks cannot be avoided.

There are many roof shapes. Here you need to learn not only to choose a shape, but also to correctly calculate the roof structure. Only then will the roof perform the functions assigned to it.

Why do you need to calculate the height and how to do it correctly?

The roof is the part of the house that is most often exposed to atmospheric phenomena. If the angle of inclination, and accordingly the height, is incorrectly selected, there is a risk that due to exposure to strong winds and precipitation, its integrity will be compromised. You will have to carry out roof repairs to eliminate the problems - this is the best case scenario. At worst, you will have to build it from scratch.

The role of height indicators

You cannot neglect the standards when creating a project. The reliability of the structure and the health of those who will live there depend on this. Below is a number of arguments that can absolutely confirm the correctness of the above and the significance correct calculation roof heights for house construction:

Reliability and durability. A correctly calculated and selected height will allow the roof to be resistant to external influences, weather influences, and resistant to increased loads, for example, roofing, insulation.
Aesthetics. Appearance plays an important role. If its height does not correspond to the structure of the house, then such a roof will not look aesthetically pleasing.
Convenience. If the height is correct, you can build an attic.

The most top point called a skate. This is the point where all the inclined planes of the roof connect. If its height is chosen incorrectly, then there is a risk that the roof will not last the period for which the owner of the house intended. The ridge height parameters must strictly comply with the technological process.

How to calculate the height of the roof?

Video tutorial on finding

What determines the height of the ridge?

An important parameter in the calculation is the slope angle. There is a list of factors on which it is based mainly on atmospheric influences :

winds, if they are frequent in the region, then the slope angle should be 10-20 degrees;
precipitation in areas where it falls abundantly above 45 degrees;
snow - in very snowy winters, the angle of inclination can be similar to the previous point.

Advice

More detailed regulatory data can be taken from the requirements of SNiP 2301-99.

Selecting height by roof type

Here, height calculations are made taking into account the type of coverage:

If roof materials contain many piece elements, the angle of inclination should be chosen as large as possible.
If roof structure low, joints should be kept to a minimum.
For very heavy roofing masses, the largest inclination angle is selected so that the weight can be evenly distributed over the entire surface.

Calculation parameters taking into account the width of the building

Here the cross section of the structure is represented as an equilateral triangle. Where the height parameter is the leg. Next, the calculation is made as follows:

When purchasing roofing, you need to pay attention to the weight. For example, let’s compare two popular types – metal and ceramic tiles. The latter is 10 times heavier than the first. And this plays a significant role in the design of rafters.

Many buyers make the mistake of buying cheaper coverage - it is most often of low quality, which means it will not last long.

What materials can be used?

The list of coatings for roofing is quite wide. Each has its own advantageous characteristics and disadvantages.

Roofing materials

Metal tiles have been the most popular for years

Ceramic tiles

It has been produced for a long time - more than 100 years. Significantly improves the appearance of the facade in comparison with its clay counterpart. Counts:

Reliable coating.
Has a long service life.
Characterized by high strength.
Not affected by humidity.
Provides absolute UV protection.

With all the advantageous characteristics, it also has several disadvantages:

high cost;
large mass.

Ceramic tiles - produced for more than 100 years

Ondulin

Enjoys a reputation. Occupies positions in quality and consumer demand:

reliable;
moisture resistant;
lasting;
protects against UV;
tolerates high loads well;
resistant to mechanical stress;
endowed with waterproofing properties;
fireproof;
not subject to corrosion;
has good flexibility.

Installed on a deck made of slatted strips.

Ondulin - has a reputation

Slate

The cheapest roofing material:

service life – 40 years or more;
moisture resistant;
withstands mechanical stress;
withstands high loads well, for example, a layer of snow.

Flaws:

In progress long-term operation its edges begin to crumble;
In places where it is constantly shaded, lichen begins to appear.

Slate is the cheapest roofing material

Corrugated sheet

Roofers often work with this material citing the fact that it is reliable and very durable. Compared to metal tiles, the sheets are wider, and also:

low specific gravity;
high strength indicators;
considered an environmentally friendly coating;
It has wide choose colors;
It can be installed in any weather conditions.

How to choose corrugated sheeting?

What should you pay attention to?

Flaws:

makes a lot of noise if it rains;
For complex shapes roofing requires a lot of material;
susceptible to corrosion during operation;
drilling or cutting areas require additional processing;
requires laying a hydraulic layer to prevent condensation;
requires additional insulation.

Corrugated sheeting is reliable and very durable

Flexible tiles

Seamless coating based on glass fibers impregnated with bitumen. External part processed with basalt, painted in different colors:

has high strength;
endowed with good sound and heat insulation properties;
Provides excellent sealing.

From this entire list, you can choose any roofing material. Which one will be best is up to you to decide.

Flexible tiles - seamless coating glass fiber based

Choosing insulation – which one is better?

Choosing good insulation, refer not only to cost, but also to technical, operational characteristics. And also on the difficulty of installation. You can install the insulation yourself, although in some cases you will need to use special equipment. Criteria for choosing a good insulation:

thermal conductivity coefficient - the lower it is, the better;
moisture resistance;
lifetime;
stability of shape and appearance;
heat insulator weight;
resistance to low temperatures;
soundproofing properties;
environmental friendliness.

Insulation - mineral wool

Advantages:

high thermal insulation coefficient;
price;
mineral wool does not burn;
environmental friendliness;
ease of installation;
biostability - not subject to putrefactive phenomena, it will not be damaged by rodents or insects;
has good vapor permeability;
the sound insulation coefficient is high;
does not lose shape.

Roof insulation

What is needed for this?

When installing mineral wool insulation, it is necessary to provide vapor barrier and waterproofing layers. And also take care of the organization ventilation gaps. This will prevent condensation from forming. If this is not done, the rafters will begin to rot over time.

Glass wool

Its thermal insulation properties are close to mineral wool, has been used as a heat insulator for a long time. Made from fused glass. Goes on sale at in roll form, is characterized as a good, environmentally friendly and non-flammable material.

When using this insulation, you should protect your hands, body and eyes with special equipment. When installing, follow the installation technology.

If you buy glass wool without a foil outer covering (this is an improved type that many manufacturers have been using lately), then you should take care of laying a vapor barrier layer from the same foil.

Expanded polystyrene

Foam plastic is also used very often in insulating walls and as a heat insulator for roofing:

It is characterized as a material with high thermal insulation properties.
Resistant to moisture.
It does not absorb steam, which means it can be laid directly on the waterproofing, air gap no need to organize.

When laying polystyrene foam in pitched roofing forms, you must ensure that the edges of the material fit snugly against it. After installation, the seams must be treated with polyurethane foam.

The material is flammable and vapor-tight, which means it cannot be used in insulating flat roofs.

Polyurethane foam

Also good for roof insulation. The list of its advantages includes:

low thermal conductivity;
small weight;
good sound insulation;
biostability;
good waterproofing properties.

The material is endowed with sufficient rigidity. It cuts and drills well. Does not lose shape during service.

Polyurethane foam insulation can be laid (tile form) or sprayed onto (liquid form).

Polyurethane foam - the material is endowed with sufficient rigidity

Ecowool

Made from paper. Refers to environmentally friendly roofing insulation. Endowed with good sound and heat insulation qualities. To ensure that the material is not flammable and is not damaged by rodents and insects, ecowool manufacturers treat it with defenseless substances and antipyrine.

Refers to the lightest and cheapest types of insulation. Sold in liquid form. when using it as insulation for the roof (between the rafters), it is necessary to create some kind of closed boxes. Ecowool is blown into them so that it not only fills the space, but also fills all sorts of cracks. Disadvantages - use in installation work special equipment.

There are other ways to insulate a roof.

Ecowool - made from paper

Painting the roof - nuances, methods, features

The roof is covered with different materials; the specifics of the work and the feasibility of using painting depend on this:

1 Slate. At first it looks good. Over time, it fades, and islands of lichen begin to appear on its surface. You can prevent these manifestations by painting it with water-dispersion or acrylic paint. They are resistant to external and weather factors. True, before this you should tint the coating.

2 Corrugated sheet. It is rarely repainted. During production, they are coated with a colored polymer-based coating. It is painted only during the process of restoration or restoration work.

3 Sheet metal. It can be painted, but before doing this you need to treat the surface with an anti-corrosion primer.

The roof is painted in two ways - manual or machine. Before the procedure, you must adhere to the following requirements:

Do not paint the roof in bad weather, especially during rain. It is best to do this in spring in April or May, in autumn in September or October. During these periods, the paint layer will have the best adhesion, which means it will last a long time.
In summer it is generally not recommended to paint due to the heat.
Painting should be done in non-slip shoes that do not scratch the surface.
If work is carried out on high altitude, need to take care of own safety, tying yourself with a rope to the rafters or beam.
It is highly not recommended to attach a safety rope to the chimney - the support is unreliable and may not support your body weight.

How many coats should a roof be painted?

In order for the paint layer to be stronger and look appropriate, at least 2 layers of paint should be applied:

When applying for the first time, you need to take 700 grams of drying oil for each kilogram of paint, mix and only then paint.
When painting again, for every kilogram of paint you need to take 5000 grams of drying oil.

Application technology - or how long to wait between the first and second painting:

After applying the first layer, you need to wait a week for it to dry thoroughly.
The second layer will take 3 days longer to dry, that is, a total of 10 days.
If you decide to apply the 3rd layer, then you need to use and wait exactly this time.

How to choose a color for the roof and facade?

Can be ordered finished project turnkey, but such a service is not available to everyone. You can consider all possible options in another way - by creating a template. To do this, the flat projection of your facade needs to be transferred to tracing paper(you can also use plastic film), and then using the color substitution method, select the shade and manufacturer.

Even if everything goes well with the color, the chosen option will suit you in all respects; there is no need to run out and buy all the coloring material. First you need to paint a small piece of the facade and roof in the chosen colors.

The assessment of the final shade is influenced by:

surface texture;
base type;
lighting.

Look at them in different time days and weather conditions:

in the morning before sunrise;
during the day in good light;
in the evening, when only the lights are on;
on a cloudy day.

The disadvantage of this selection method is that it can be used to test a limited number of colors.

It is impossible to imagine a house without a roof. A variety of materials can be used to create a roof. For each building you can choose your own suitable option. Some are often used to cover country houses and cottages, others design outbuildings.

To make the right choice, you should know what materials are available and what they are intended for.

Types of roofing materials

Sheet roofing

Metal tiles

It is durable, beautiful, but sometimes noisy. is a steel sheet of various thicknesses (up to 0.5 millimeters), with a galvanized coating. Its surface is coated with a special varnish that protects it from damage. Underneath there are more layers: ground and aluminum. The weight of the sheet is quite light, a square meter weighs only 3-5 kilograms.

Metal tiles are used to cover the roofs of private buildings, industrial buildings, and garages. The false roof looks interesting when on flat roof Layers of metal tiles are laid on a slope.

It is durable, service life is up to 50 years. Taking into account the relatively low cost - 400-1000 rubles, investing in such roofing design seems quite reasonable.

Advantages:

Fast and easy installation.
Durability, withstands high mechanical loads.
Lightweight, you can work with it alone.
Easy loading and transportation.
Affordable price.

Flaws:

High percentage of waste during installation.
Good sound conductivity.

Roofing corrugated sheets

This is a steel profiled sheet, a close “relative” of metal tiles, with a zinc layer and polymer protection. It can be rectangular or wavy, somewhat thicker than the previous type. Available in the form of a wave, rectangle or trapezoid.

It is most often used to cover outbuildings, as well as the roofs of cottages and country houses.

Advantages:

Easy installation.
Durability (service life reaches 50 years).
Low cost.

The disadvantages include noise; it is necessary to soundproof the roof.

Ondulin

An attractive material that is made from cellulose fibers with bitumen impregnation, polymer components are added. Many people call it “Euro slate”. The top is covered with two layers of paint. One sheet weighs about 6 kilograms and has the appearance of a wave. Standard sizes units – 2*0.96 meters.

It is used to create roofs on outbuildings, bathhouses, and is used to implement complex roofing due to its flexibility. Often used to replace old coating.

Advantages:

Environmental friendliness.
Excellent water resistance.
Durability, lasts up to 40 years.
Hygiene.
Light weight, easy to install and transport.
Withstands heavy loads and is resistant to chemical compounds.
Silence.
Easy to cut with a simple hacksaw.
Low price.

Flaws:

Flammability.
After 2-3 years, the surface fades and the material loses its visual appeal.
At high temperatures softens and the smell of bitumen appears.

Slate

The most common and inexpensive material. It consists of Portland cement and asbestos, one sheet weighs 10-15 kilograms. Dimensions vary: width 98-113 centimeters, length 175 centimeters. Depending on the size, there are a number of waves from 6 to 8.

It is used to cover sheds, bathhouses, and summer toilets. It can also be used for private construction, but recently it is rare. Only under conditions of very limited funds.

Advantages:

Long service life, up to 40 years.
Ease of installation.
Non-flammability.
Low price.

Flaws:

Asbestos content. Although its quantity in the composition is so small that there is no talk of a great danger to humans.
Fragile, requires careful handling during transportation and work.
Highly hygroscopic, absorbs moisture well, as a result of which it loses its properties, fades, and becomes overgrown with moss.

Seam roofing

Steel

Comprises steel sheets with zinc coating. Quite often it also has a polymer layer. The sheets have a special connection - a fold. The type of sheet fastening depends on its type.

It is used to create roofing at production facilities, for complex roofs(cathedrals, estates), administrative buildings. Can be used to cover private buildings.

Advantages:

Flexibility.
Smooth surface.
Non-flammability.
Durability (up to 30 years).
Not heavy weight material.
Resistant to low temperatures.
Attractive appearance.

Flaws:

Impact damage.
Mandatory creation of thermal insulation.
Installation is difficult and cannot be done independently.
Noisy coating.
Ability to accumulate static electricity.

Copper and aluminum

Sheets with a thickness of 0.3 millimeters, weight: copper sheet - 5-10 kilograms, aluminum - 3-5 kilograms.

Advantages:

Corrosion resistance.
Reliability.
Aesthetics and beauty.
Durability (lasts up to 80-100 years).
Minimal care.
Non-flammability.
Safety.

The disadvantages include the very high cost.

Soft roof

Flexible tiles

It consists of fiberglass impregnated with bitumen with modifiers, top coated with stone (shale or basalt) chips.

Used to create roofing non-standard shape or mansard roof.

Advantages:

Flexibility.
Silence.
Does not rot, is not subject to corrosion.
Modern design.
Affordable price.

Flaws:

On severe frost may burst or crack.
At high temperatures, an odor appears and the material melts.
Flammability.

Gidroizol (fused roofing)

It is created on the basis of fiberglass, polyester or fiberglass. The base is oxidized bitumen with the addition of a modifier, which gives the material elasticity. The verification contains a layer of polymer and sprinkles.

Used to create a flat roof multi-storey buildings, and in private residential construction.

Advantages:

Durability.
Weight is minimal.
Does not require additional care.
Environmental friendliness.
Resistance to fire, water, noise.

Flaws:

Requires special storage conditions: only in a vertical position, away from heating devices.

Flat membrane roofing

The following types are distinguished:

PVC membranes: not environmentally friendly, but provide excellent protection from fire and ultraviolet radiation.
EDPM membranes: consist of artificial rubber with reinforced mesh, are highly durable and environmentally friendly.
TPO membranes: thermoplastic olefins reinforced with reinforced mesh. Also safe for humans.

Used to design flat roofs on industrial buildings and residential buildings.

Advantages:

Service life - up to half a century;
Can cover any surface area;
Water resistance;
Installation can be done at almost any time of the year;
High strength.

Flaws:

A prepared base is required;
Do not use organic oils or solvents.

Piece roofing materials

Ceramic tiles

It is created under production conditions by prolonged firing at high temperatures. The surface can be glazed. The tiles are heavy; with dimensions of 30*30 centimeters, a unit weighs more than 2 kilograms. There are several varieties: grooved and flat, stamped and row, grooved, single- and double-wave tiles.

It is used to cover the roofs of houses, regardless of the number of floors.

Advantages:

Economy in maintenance.
Good sound insulation.
Non-flammability.
Durability (up to 150 years).
Resistance to negative environmental influences.
Aesthetics.
Porous structure, ability to “breathe”.

Flaws:

Too much weight requires a good foundation.
Fragility.
Complex and time-consuming installation.
Very high cost.

Sand-cement tiles

It consists of a solution of sand and cement, which is pressed. Dyes are used to add color and glaze. It can be smooth or with a profile pattern. The weight is approximately 40 kilograms per square meter.

Used to create roofs on residential buildings, the number of floors is not limited.

Advantages:

Durability, it's inferior ceramic tiles, but under the manufacturer’s warranty it will last up to 30 years.

Flaws:

Thickness more than 1 centimeter.
Fragile, requires careful transportation.
Quite a big cost.

Slate roofing

It's natural natural material, which is not widely used due to its too high cost. However, it can be purchased in the form of tiles, which are made by hand. With a thickness of 4 millimeters, it weighs up to 25 kilograms per square meter.

Advantages:

The service life can reach 200 years.
An exclusive coating option, the view is simply amazing.
Resistant to fading, frost and sun.
Water resistance.
Fire safety.

The disadvantages include the very high cost.

Self-leveling (mastic) roofing

It is a liquid that is created on the basis of oligomers. It hardens in air but retains good elasticity. Excellent adhesion to surfaces such as bitumen, concrete, metal.

Used in areas where winter is very harsh or where summer temperatures are high.

Advantages:

The coating is done in a short time.
Does not contain harmful substances.
Seamless material.
Resistant to low and high temperatures.
Service life – up to 15 years.

But during installation it is quite difficult to make the coating of the same thickness.

Which roof to choose

Everyone focuses on several basic criteria when choosing a roofing material. But we can highlight the main points that are worth paying attention to.

Criterias of choice

Durability. This parameter is very important, since the roof should not require frequent repairs and increased attention to itself. The service life is affected not only by the type of material chosen, but also by the quality of installation.
Type of structure, its purpose and roof design. Naturally, for outbuildings there is no point in purchasing expensive elements, while a residential building requires a more careful choice.
The most important is also the financial aspect. Naturally, it is necessary to evaluate the material based on the price/quality ratio, but you also need to take into account the cost of installation based on the roof area, etc. The priority in this case remains metal tiles, ondulin, bitumen shingles, etc. For those who preferred piece materials, it is worth understanding that installation will be more complex and, accordingly, expensive.
Aesthetics. The roof should give the building or structure a finished look, while harmoniously fitting into the overall concept of the object, combined with the surrounding landscape and the walls of the building.

What does the choice depend on?

The choice of roofing material depends, first of all, on the basic parameters of the roof of the house: decorative features, reliability and weight of the material. In addition to attractive external parameters, the load on the walls should be taken into account. For example, natural tiles weigh 15 times more than metal ones.

The service life is indicated without taking into account some factors: operating conditions, climate features. For example, it is worth understanding that in hot climates, asphalt shingles will not last long.

Cost of roofing materials

The cost depends on their quality characteristics, service life, and production capabilities. When choosing, you should take into account the thickness of the elements, type and main characteristics. In addition, it is worth adding to the final calculation the cost of installation and possible expenses for spare parts.

Do not forget about the installation of eaves, hydro- and vapor barrier of the roof, as well as the costs of delivery and transportation. Price various brands and manufacturers are also different. The price is affected by the presence and composition of the protective coating, shape and color.

If the cost is not in Russian currency, it is worth taking into account fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate relative to foreign currencies.

Price examples

On average, the following prices for roofing material are calculated per square meter, excluding work:

Metal tiles - from 250 rubles.
Euroslate - from 850 rubles.
Corrugated sheeting - from 600 rubles.
Slate - from 150-200 rubles.
Ondulin - about 300 rubles per sheet.
Bituminous shingles - 400-550 rubles (depending on the manufacturer).
Flexible and soft tiles– from 430 rubles.
Seam steel covering - from 350-500 rubles, copper - from 1800 rubles.
Fused roofing - around 120-150 rubles.
PVC membranes - from 300 rubles.
Slate tiles - from 3500 to 6000 rubles.

The choice of roofing covering should be at the stage of creating a project for a future home.
It is not recommended to do this on your own, since you need to know and take into account many parameters. For advice, it is better to contact specialists who are involved in repairs and construction.
The choice depends on the purpose of the building. For non-residential buildings you can use cheaper and available material, but to create a roof for a residential building, you shouldn’t save on this. From the right choice The comfort of living and ease of use of the house in the future depends.

The variety of roofs misleads the average person who is inexperienced in construction.

When considering roof options, it is difficult to determine what exactly is needed for a future structure and which one is appropriate to build in a particular case.

In addition, you want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also strong, durable, and meet all requirements. The variety of designs allows architectural designers to turn all the most unpredictable projects into reality.

Exist different kinds roofs of private houses, we’ll talk about them now.

A pitched roof is a plane rectangular shape, resting on opposite load-bearing walls.

There is a pitched roof:

Ventilated;
unventilated.

Design Features

Directly depends on the slope. Since the slope of the structure is influenced not only by the finishing coating, but by the peculiarity of climatic conditions, then all these values should be calculated correctly.

An important indicator for the design of any roof is also the total load.

Slope angle

Directly depends on the coating material: coatings differ in their ability to retain snow precipitation.

It is recommended to select materials for covering a pitched roof based on their ability to self-clean from snow.

In addition, depending on the natural features, in places where winds prevail, the area is not sufficiently protected by trees, it is recommended to change the angle of the slope.

Options for a pitched roof truss system

WITH tropic roof structure with one slope can be:

Sliding;
layered;
hanging.

Most often performed from wooden elements for various purposes.

Rafter system of a pitched roof

Installation features

The installation of a single-pitched rafter structure is carried out on the Mauerlat.

If a hanging type frame is being installed, then a truss is first made on the ground. The entire structure is manufactured according to a given template.

The roof can be equipped with an insulation system. To do this, install the elements necessary for a warm roof.

The final covering of the roof is a protective covering material.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof

Despite the ease of installation, uncomplicated design, single slope system has its own characteristics.

Advantages:

Inexpensive design;
ease of installation;
resistance to strong winds.

Repair work during operation at pitched roof It’s not difficult to produce and not too expensive.

Flaws:

The need for snow removal;
low height of the attic space. The advantages of this type are strength and reliability in terms of resistance to the vagaries of the weather.

Shed roof

Gable roof

The design, which consists of two slopes, is called gable.

Gable structures can be classified according to the location of the slopes:

symmetrical;
asymmetrical;
broken;
multi-level;
gable with a ridge on the slope.

In addition, other configurations of gable roofs can be designed: sloping from one slope, double sloping, with extended canopies or extensions.

Design options

Particular attention is paid to the load.

Besides, the angle of inclination is important in accordance with the coating.

Quite simple, with the correct determination of all indicators (angle, roof load, natural load) the roof will be reliable and durable.

Tilt angle

The average amount of snowfall in the region is taken into account when calculating the roof load. Besides, the strength of the wind currents affects the slope of the slope.

At different slopes for various materials corresponds certain . All materials have their own indicators.

Rafter system

It can have a layered, hanging, or combined design.

The rafter structure option is selected based on the span between the external walls. Besides rafter beams, the structural elements of the rafter system are: ridge, Mauerlat, crossbar, tie rods, and other elements.

Each of the additional elements distributes the load, fixes or strengthens the more vulnerable parts of the structure.

Gable roof rafter system

Installation

When installing a gable roof basic steps need to be followed:

Install beams;
secure the sheathing;
install roofing.

If the rafter legs are lengthened, additional slats are installed under the overhang.

Advantages and disadvantages

The gable roof is the most common roofing model.

This is due to the advantage of this design:

Possibility of arranging an attic;
there is no need to clear the snow from the surface yourself;
simple project;
variety of coatings.

Flaws:

Dependence of roof height on span;
during the arrangement attic room additional reinforcement of the structure and arrangement of window systems and heating elements are required.

A gable roof is not the most complex structure, and when fully equipped, it is the most in demand.

Gable roof