3.1. When moving pipes and assembled sections that have anti-corrosion coatings, soft pliers, flexible towels and other means should be used to prevent damage to these coatings.
3.2. When laying out pipes intended for domestic and drinking water supply, surface or Wastewater. Before installation, pipes and fittings, fittings and finished units must be inspected and cleaned inside and outside of dirt, snow, ice, oils and foreign objects.
3.3. Installation of pipelines must be carried out in accordance with the work plan and technological maps after checking the compliance of the trench dimensions with the design, fastening the walls, bottom marks and when overhead installation - supporting structures. The results of the inspection must be reflected in the work log.
3.4. Socket type pipes without pressure pipes Conductors should, as a rule, be laid with a socket up the slope.
3.5. The straightness of the sections provided for by the project gravity pipelines between adjacent wells should be controlled by looking “up to the light” using a mirror before and after backfilling the trench. When viewing a pipeline round section The circle visible in the mirror must have the correct shape.
The permissible horizontal deviation from the circle shape should be no more than 1/4 of the pipeline diameter, but not more than 50 mm in each direction. Deviations from correct form Vertical circles are not allowed.
3.6. The maximum deviations from the design position of the axes of pressure pipelines should not exceed ± 100 mm in plan, the marks of trays of free-flow pipelines - ± 5 mm, and the marks of the top of pressure pipelines - ± 30 mm, unless other standards are justified by the design.
3.7. Laying pressure pipelines along a flat curve without the use of fittings is allowed for socket pipes with butt joints on rubber seals with a rotation angle at each joint of no more than 2° for pipes nominal diameter up to 600 mm and no more than 1° for pipes with a nominal diameter over 600 mm.
3.8. When installing water supply and sewerage pipelines in mountainous conditions, in addition to the requirements of these rules, the requirements of Section. 9 SNiP III-42-80.
3.9. When laying pipelines on a straight section of the route, the connected ends of adjacent pipes must be centered so that the width of the socket gap is the same along the entire circumference.
3.10. The ends of pipes, as well as holes in the flanges of shut-off and other valves, should be closed with plugs or wooden plugs during breaks in installation.
3.11. Rubber seals for installation of pipelines in conditions of low outdoor temperatures are not allowed to be used in a frozen state.
3.12. To seal (seal) butt joints of pipelines, sealing and “locking” materials, as well as sealants, should be used according to the project.
3.13. Flange connections of fittings and fittings should be installed in compliance with the following requirements:
flange connections must be installed perpendicular to the pipe axis;
the planes of the flanges being connected must be flat, the nuts of the bolts must be located on one side of the connection; The bolts should be tightened evenly in a cross pattern;
elimination of flange distortions by installing beveled gaskets or tightening bolts is not allowed;
Welding joints adjacent to the flange connection should be performed only after uniform tightening of all bolts on the flanges.
3.14. When using soil to construct a stop, the supporting wall of the pit must have an undisturbed soil structure.
3.15. The gap between the pipeline and the prefabricated part of the concrete or brick stops must be tightly filled with concrete mixture or cement mortar.
3.16. Protection of steel and iron concrete pipes Corrosion protection of wires should be carried out in accordance with the design and requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85 and SNiP 2.03.11-85.
3.17. Pipelines under construction are subject to acceptance with the preparation of inspection reports for hidden work in the form given in SNiP 3.01.01-85* next steps and elements of hidden work: preparation of the base for pipelines, installation of stops, size of gaps and sealing of butt joints, construction of wells and chambers, anti-corrosion protection of pipelines, sealing of places where pipelines pass through the walls of wells and chambers, backfilling of pipelines with a seal, etc.
3.18. Welding methods, as well as types, structural elements and sizes of welded joints steel pipelines must comply with the requirements of GOST 16037-80.
3.19. Before assembling and welding pipes, you should clean them of dirt, check the geometric dimensions of the edges, clean the edges and the adjacent internal and external parts to a metallic shine. outer surface pipes with a width of at least 10 mm.
3.20. At the end welding work external insulation of pipes at welded joints must be restored in accordance with the design.
3.21. When assembling pipe joints without a backing ring, the displacement of the edges should not exceed 20% of the wall thickness, but not more than 3 mm. For butt joints assembled and welded on the remaining cylindrical ring, the displacement of the edges from the inside of the pipe should not exceed 1 mm.
3.22. The assembly of pipes with a diameter of over 100 mm, made with a longitudinal or spiral weld, should be carried out with an offset of the seams of adjacent pipes by at least 100 mm. When assembling a joint of pipes in which the factory longitudinal or spiral seam is welded on both sides, the displacement of these seams need not be made.
3.23. Transverse welded joints must be located at a distance of no less than:
0.2 m from the edge of the pipeline support structure;
0.3 m from the outer and inner surfaces of the chamber or the surface of the enclosing structure through which the pipeline passes, as well as from the edge of the case.
3.24. The connection of the ends of joined pipes and sections of pipelines with a gap between them greater than the permissible value should be made by inserting a “coil” with a length of at least 200 mm.
3.25. The distance between the circumferential weld seam of the pipeline and the seam of the nozzles welded to the pipeline must be at least 100 mm.
3.26. The assembly of pipes for welding must be carried out using centralizers; It is allowed to straighten smooth dents at the ends of pipes with a depth of up to 3.5% of the pipe diameter and adjust the edges using jacks, roller bearings and other means. Sections of pipes with dents exceeding 3.5% of the pipe diameter or having tears should be cut out. The ends of pipes with nicks or chamfers with a depth of more than 5 mm should be cut off.
When applying a root weld, the tacks must be completely digested. The electrodes or welding wire used for tack welding must be of the same grade as that used for welding the main seam.
3.27. Welders are allowed to weld joints of steel pipelines if they have documents authorizing them to carry out welding work in accordance with the Rules for Certification of Welders approved by the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision.
3.28. Before being allowed to work on welding pipeline joints, each welder must weld an approved joint in production conditions (at the construction site) in the following cases:
if he started welding pipelines for the first time or had a break in work for more than 6 months;
if welding of pipes is carried out from new steel grades, using new grades welding materials(electrodes, welding wire, fluxes) or using new types of welding equipment.
On pipes with a diameter of 529 mm or more, it is allowed to weld half of the permissible joint. The permissible joint is subjected to:
external inspection, during which the weld must meet the requirements of this section and GOST 16037-80;
radiographic control in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7512-82;
mechanical tensile and bending tests in accordance with GOST 6996-66.
In case of unsatisfactory results of checking a permissible joint, welding and re-inspection of two other permissible joints are performed. If, during repeated inspection, unsatisfactory results are obtained at at least one of the joints, the welder is recognized as having failed the tests and can be allowed to weld the pipeline only after additional training and repeated tests.
3.29. Each welder must have a mark assigned to him. The welder is obliged to knock out or fuse a mark at a distance of 30 - 50 mm from the joint on the side accessible for inspection.
3.30. Welding and tack welding of butt joints of pipes can be carried out at outdoor temperatures down to minus 50 °C. In this case, welding work without heating the welded joints is allowed to be performed:
at outside air temperatures down to minus 20 °C - when using pipes made of carbon steel with a carbon content of no more than 0.24% (regardless of the thickness of the pipe walls), as well as pipes made of low-alloy steel with a wall thickness of no more than 10 mm;
at outside air temperatures down to minus 10 °C - when using pipes made of carbon steel with a carbon content of over 0.24%, as well as pipes made of low-alloy steel with a wall thickness of over 10 mm. When the outside air temperature is below the above limits, welding work should be carried out with heating in special cabins, in which the air temperature should be maintained not lower than the above, or the ends of the welded pipes for a length of at least 200 mm should be heated in the open air to a temperature of at least 200 ° C.
After welding is completed, it is necessary to ensure a gradual decrease in the temperature of the joints and adjacent pipe areas by covering them after welding with an asbestos towel or other method.
3.31. When multilayer welding, each layer of the seam must be cleared of slag and metal spatter before applying the next seam. Areas of weld metal with pores, pits and cracks must be cut down to the base metal, and the weld craters must be welded.
3.32. When manual electric arc welding, individual layers of the seam must be applied so that their closing sections in adjacent layers do not coincide with one another.
3.33. When performing welding work outdoors during precipitation, the welding sites must be protected from moisture and wind.
3.34. When monitoring the quality of welded joints of steel pipelines, the following should be done:
operational control during pipeline assembly and welding in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85*;
checking the continuity of welded joints with the identification of internal defects using one of the non-destructive (physical) testing methods - radiographic (x-ray or gammagraphic) according to GOST 7512-82 or ultrasonic according to GOST 14782-86.
The use of the ultrasonic method is allowed only in combination with the radiographic method, which must test at least 10% of the total number of joints subject to inspection.
3.35. At operational control the quality of welded joints of steel pipelines should be checked for compliance with standards structural elements and dimensions of welded joints, welding method, quality of welding materials, edge preparation, size of gaps, number of tacks, as well as serviceability of welding equipment.
3.36. All welded joints are subject to external inspection. On pipelines with a diameter of 1020 mm or more, welded joints welded without a backing ring are subject to external inspection and measurement of dimensions from the outside and inside of the pipe, in other cases - only from the outside. Before inspection, the weld seam and adjacent pipe surfaces to a width of at least 20 mm (on both sides of the seam) must be cleaned of slag, splashes of molten metal, scale and other contaminants.
The quality of the weld according to the results of the external inspection is considered satisfactory if the following is not found:
cracks in the seam and adjacent area;
deviations from the permissible dimensions and shape of the seam;
undercuts, recesses between rollers, sagging, burns, unwelded craters and pores coming to the surface, lack of penetration or sagging at the root of the seam (when inspecting the joint from inside the pipe);
displacements of pipe edges exceeding the permissible dimensions.
Joints that do not meet the listed requirements are subject to correction or removal and re-control of their quality.
3.37. Water supply and sewerage pipelines with a design pressure of up to 1 MPa (10 kgf/cm2) in a volume of at least 2% (but not less than one joint for each welder) are subject to quality control of welded seams using physical control methods; 1 - 2 MPa (10-20 kgf/cm2) - in a volume of at least 5% (but not less than two joints for each welder); over 2 MPa (20 kgf/cm2) - in a volume of at least 10% (but not less than three joints for each welder).
3.38. Welded joints for inspection by physical methods are selected in the presence of a customer representative, who records in the work log information about the joints selected for inspection (location, welder's mark, etc.).
3.39. Physical control methods should be applied to 100% of welded joints of pipelines laid in sections of transitions under and above railway and tram tracks, through water barriers, under highways, in city sewers for communications when combined with other utilities. The length of controlled sections of pipelines at transition sections should be no less than the following dimensions:
for railways - the distance between the axes of the outer tracks and 40 m from them in each direction;
For highways- the width of the embankment along the base or the excavation along the top and 25 m from them in each direction;
for water barriers - within the boundaries of the underwater crossing determined by section. 6 SNiP 2.05.06-85;
For others engineering communications- the width of the structure being crossed, including its drainage devices, plus at least 4 m in each direction from the extreme boundaries of the structure being crossed.
3.40. Welds should be rejected if, upon inspection by physical control methods, cracks, unwelded craters, burns, fistulas, and also lack of penetration at the root of the weld made on the backing ring are detected.
When checking welds using the radiographic method, the following are considered acceptable defects:
pores and inclusions, the sizes of which do not exceed the maximum permissible according to GOST 23055-78 for class 7 welded joints;
lack of penetration, concavity and excess penetration at the root of a weld made by electric arc welding without a backing ring, the height (depth) of which does not exceed 10% of the nominal wall thickness, and the total length is 1/3 of the internal perimeter of the joint.
3.41. If unacceptable defects in welds are detected by physical control methods, these defects should be eliminated and the quality of a double number of welds should be re-controlled compared to that specified in clause 3.37. If unacceptable defects are detected during re-inspection, all joints made by this welder must be inspected.
3.42. Areas of the weld with unacceptable defects are subject to correction by local sampling and subsequent welding (as a rule, without overwelding the entire welded joint), if the total length of the sampling after removing the defective areas does not exceed the total length specified in GOST 23055-78 for class 7.
Correction of defects in joints should be done by arc welding.
Undercuts should be corrected by surfacing thread beads no more than 2 - 3 mm high. Cracks less than 50 mm long are drilled at the ends, cut out, thoroughly cleaned and welded in several layers.
3.43. The results of checking the quality of welded joints of steel pipelines using physical control methods should be documented in a report (protocol).
3.44. Installation of cast iron pipes produced in accordance with GOST 9583-75 should be carried out with sealing of socket joints with hemp resin or bituminized strands and an asbestos-cement lock, or only with sealant, and pipes produced in accordance with TU 14-3-12 47-83 rubber cuffs supplied complete with pipes without a locking device.
The composition of the asbestos-cement mixture for the construction of the lock, as well as the sealant, is determined by the project.
3.45. The size of the gap between the thrust surface of the socket and the end of the connected pipe (regardless of the joint sealing material) should be taken, mm, for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - 5, over 300 mm - 8-10.
3.46. The dimensions of the sealing elements of the butt joint of cast iron pressure pipes must correspond to the values given in table. 1.
Table 1
3.47. The size of the gap between the ends of the connected pipes should be taken, mm: for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - 5, over 300 mm - 10.
3.48. Before starting the installation of pipelines, at the ends of the pipes being connected, depending on the length of the couplings used, marks should be made corresponding to the initial position of the coupling before installing the joint and the final position at the assembled joint.
3.49. Connection of asbestos-cement pipes with fittings or metal pipes should be carried out using cast iron fittings or welded steel pipes and rubber seals.
3.50. After completing the installation of each butt joint, it is necessary to check the correct location of the couplings and rubber seals in them, as well as the uniform tightening of the flange connections of the cast iron couplings.
3.51. The size of the gap between the thrust surface of the socket and the end of the connected pipe should be taken, mm:
for reinforced concrete pressure pipes with a diameter of up to 1000 mm - 12-15, with a diameter of over 1000 mm - 18-22;
for reinforced concrete and concrete non-pressure socket pipes with a diameter of up to 700 mm - 8-12, over 700 mm - 15-18;
for seam pipes - no more than 25.
3.52. Butt joints of pipes supplied without rubber rings should be sealed with hemp resin or bituminized strands, or sisal bituminized strands with the lock sealed with an asbestos-cement mixture, as well as polysulfide (thiokol) sealants. The embedment depth is given in table. 2, in this case, deviations in the depth of embedding of the strand and lock should not exceed ± 5 mm.
The gaps between the thrust surface of the sockets and the ends of the pipes in pipelines with a diameter of 1000 mm or more should be sealed from the inside with cement mortar. The grade of cement is determined by the project.
For drainage pipelines, it is allowed to seal the bell-shaped working gap to the full depth with cement mortar of grade B7.5, unless other requirements are provided for by the project.
table 2
3.53. Sealing of butt joints of seam free-flow reinforced concrete and concrete pipes with smooth ends should be carried out in accordance with the design.
3.54. The connection of reinforced concrete and concrete pipes with pipeline fittings and metal pipes should be carried out using steel inserts or reinforced concrete shaped connecting parts, manufactured according to the project.
3.55. The size of the gap between the ends of the ceramic pipes being laid (regardless of the material used to seal the joints) should be taken, mm: for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - 5 - 7, for larger diameters - 8 - 10.
3.56. Butt joints of pipelines made of ceramic pipes should be sealed with hemp or sisal bituminized strands, followed by a lock made of B7.5 cement mortar, asphalt (bitumen) mastic and polysulfide (thiokol) sealants, unless other materials are provided for in the project. The use of asphalt mastic is allowed when the temperature of the transported waste liquid is no more than 40 °C and in the absence of bitumen solvents in it.
The main dimensions of the elements of the butt joint of ceramic pipes must correspond to the values given in table. 3.
Table 3
3.58. Connection of polyethylene pipes high pressure(LDPE) and polyethylene low pressure(HDPE) between each other and with shaped parts should be carried out with a heated tool using the method of contact-butt welding butt or socket. Welding together pipes and fittings made of polyethylene various types(HDPE and PVD) are not allowed.
3.59. For welding, installations (devices) should be used that ensure the maintenance of technological parameters in accordance with OST 6-19-505-79 and other regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
3.60. Welders are allowed to weld pipelines made of LDPE and HDPE if they have documents authorizing them to carry out work on welding plastics.
3.61. Welding of pipes made of LDPE and HDPE can be carried out at an outside air temperature of at least minus 10 °C. At lower outside temperatures, welding should be done in insulated rooms.
When performing welding work, the welding site must be protected from exposure to precipitation and dust.
3.62. The connection of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes to each other and to fittings should be carried out using the socket gluing method (using GIPC-127 glue in accordance with TU 6-05-251-95-79) and using rubber cuffs supplied complete with pipes.
3.63. Glued joints should not be subjected to mechanical stress for 15 minutes. Pipelines with adhesive joints should not be subjected to hydraulic tests within 24 hours.
3.64. Gluing work should be carried out at an outside temperature of 5 to 35 °C. The work place must be protected from exposure to precipitation and dust.
Sealing passages is one of the main areas of work of the Techno NOVO company. We will promptly draw up an estimate, conclude an agreement, and also provide professional advice on the choice necessary technology and materials!
An excellent solid foundation, solid walls and a high-quality roof will be just a box unsuitable for habitation if it is impossible to take a bath in the house, cook food, watch TV or connect a computer. In order to make a house a complete and comfortable home, it is necessary to install utilities that will provide it with everything necessary. And to ensure that communication passages do not cause dampness and destruction of the foundation of the house, their high-quality sealing is necessary.
The passages of sewerage pipes, water supply, gas and voltage cables have always been the most vulnerable place in the entire waterproofing system. Therefore, today the sealing of communications is a separate stage of work, which receives increased attention. Carelessly insulated joints between pipes and walls nullify all previously carried out work on the construction of both the walls of the building itself. Since these are the joints that fall under destructive influence Firstly. They are also the first to cause unwanted leaks and moisture penetration into living rooms, and the growth of mold and fungi, destroying the load-bearing structures of the building.
Waterproofing of utility passages
Waterproofing the places where communication systems will be installed in the future is an important and necessary component of the construction of a building for any purpose, be it a residential building, office or technical room. Therefore, all work performed when laying inputs of communication lines must be carried out in accordance with all technical requirements, and the most careful attention was paid to the quality of waterproofing of the entrance points to the walls of the building.
Modern construction market has a wide range of materials with which you can carry out high-quality and durable sealing of communication outlets. These are polyurethane foams, cords made from composite polymer materials, and other sealants produced on a high-quality base with excellent adhesion and excellent elasticity. Due to their qualities, all materials, provided correct selection and proper use can ensure perfect tightness of all joints of various structures, while helping to protect load-bearing structures from destruction, and significantly extending their uninterrupted operation life.
Junctions of dissimilar materials require careful waterproofing. The places where embedded steel sleeves are inserted into the building wall are sealed. Polyurethane resins upon contact with water increase in volume and form a dense elastic foam structure.
Waterproofing of communication inputs by injection of elastic polyurethane resins
An important advantage of most sealants is that they are environmentally friendly. safe basis, allowing waterproofing both outside and inside the building. Another distinctive feature is the convenient packaging with a set of special attachments that facilitate access to the most hard to reach places joints
Waterproofing of communication system inputs
Of all the aspects of waterproofing communication passages, the most difficult and painstaking is the insulation of inputs. Most often, problems in this area arise due to the use traditional ways using cement and bitumen mastics. A significant disadvantage of these materials is the inability to take into account the difference in expansion of dissimilar substances, such as plastic, metal and cement, as well as low resistance to significant external water pressure.
Technologies used for many decades can prevent the penetration of water and moisture for some time if the level of groundwater and flood waters is low enough and the channels run away from the foundation. If the sealing unit made of obsolete materials is located in buried structures made of concrete, brick or reinforced concrete, a leak forms very quickly in this very place. The explanation for this phenomenon is simple to the point of banality, material for modern pipes and the sleeves have absolutely no adhesion to concrete or other materials of the supporting structure, and cold working seams inevitably remain at the place of their joints.
Today, manufacturers of waterproofing materials produce universal products that can make any cold joint strong and durable, regardless of what raw materials the pipes, sleeves, and corrugations themselves are made of. Whether it is plastic, stainless steel or other metal, the communications passage will be sealed and waterproof. These are sealants created on the basis of a polyurethane substance.
Using these materials, it is possible to waterproof communication entrances at any stage of construction. They are a flexible rope that, upon direct contact with water, swells and fills everything available. free space.
Waterproofing of pipeline passages
Pipeline waterproofing has its own characteristics and difficulties. When performing such work, it is necessary to take into account not only the strong water pressure from the outside, but also the response pressure of the internal liquids, as well as the constant temperature difference. Conventional sealants will not be able to withstand such a significant load for long. Therefore, for inlets, passages and pipeline entries, the principle of a three-component hydraulic seal is used.
This type of hydraulic seal consists of non-shrinkable concrete mixtures and polyurethane composition. The use of such a structure is especially effective in buildings where significant drying and movement of the structure is expected. The following are used as polyurethane fillers:
- "Aquidur TS-B"
- "Aquidur ES"
- "Aquidur TS-N".
Waterproofing of technological openings and mounting holes
Inevitably, after removing the formwork panels, ties and ties, technological openings and installation holes remain, the sealing of which is a mandatory stage of waterproofing.
The best option to fill these cracks, and not allow moisture or water to seep through them, is to use the fast-hardening dry waterproofing mixture “Remstream” or “Stream-mix”. The composition of the mixture is specifically designed for use in insulating structures that will be subject to external and internal water pressure, direct and reverse temperature effects.
The composition is easy to use, creates a durable layer that reliably binds the edges of joints, cracks and cold seams. And the use of this product together with the injection of elastic polyurethane resins allows you to easily and efficiently get rid of cracks and pores of significant size, while maintaining the elasticity of the joint. The plasticity of these sealants makes load-bearing structure impregnable even in the face of sufficiently strong water pressure.
Cost of sealing utility passages
The cost of waterproofing utility passages and the time frame for completing the work are determined individually in each case - they depend on the volume and complexity. Our specialists will be happy to come to your site at a time convenient for you to assess the current situation. They will choose the most best option sealing of technological openings and will recommend certain materials for waterproofing, drawing up an estimate. We are always happy to help you!
Askold asks a question:
Hello! I'm interested in how the holes in the ceilings are sealed. For example, in a private home this operation would not be a problem. You can punch as many holes in it as you like and seal them up as much as you like, but I live in apartment building, and not so long ago it was decided to replace the risers on the cold and hot water. As usual, in houses old building There are no sleeves in the ceilings between floors, so the rusted pipes will simply be cut off, and holes will be punched in the places where they enter the floor or exit the ceiling. Whether they will be big or not is unknown, but they will still have to be sealed. How to make sure that after restoration the concrete near the pipes does not crack? Is it worth installing sleeves on stainless steel pipes and how to seal the space between the tubes and the walls of the sleeves for sound insulation?
The expert answers:
Of course, sleeves must be installed where the risers pass through the floors. They serve for the convenience of replacing pipelines so that their dismantling is carried out without destroying surrounding structures. It would seem that a stainless steel riser will be installed forever, but for one reason or another it will have to be changed. In addition, no one canceled for of stainless steel laws of thermal expansion, and the pipe in the sleeve will be freely deformed by several millimeters along and in width without destroying the ceiling. Both you and your neighbors must ensure that the pipelines are equipped with sleeves. If the risers are already installed, but there are no sleeves, you can build them yourself from two longitudinal halves of pipes of larger diameter. After installation on the riser, the halves are tied together with twisted steel wire, which will serve as additional reinforcement when sealing holes in the ceilings. When cutting pipes for sleeves, consider the thickness.
The filling itself, especially large holes, will require close cooperation from your lower and upper neighbors. If the holes along the risers are too large, then you cannot do without installing formwork. The neighbor below will press a piece of thick plywood with a wire through it to the ceiling, and you will pull up this formwork and secure the wire to the cross rod. Now almost everything is ready for pouring the solution, if you have already removed all poorly adhering fragments of concrete from this installation opening, reinforced the hole with steel rods and moistened the edges of the hole with a spray bottle. In the same way, you will make formwork on your ceiling so that the neighbor above can easily pour the solution.
Now all that remains is to seal the space between the sleeve and the pipe if you do not want to be aware of everything that is happening to the people living next to you. In addition to sound insulation, you will receive protection from possible invasion of fauna from neighboring apartments, and it will be difficult for the smell of unpleasant perfume from the bathroom below to reach your nostrils. Do not use cement mixtures. Due to pipe deformations, they will crumble. The best filler and will be a sound insulator polyurethane foam. At the same time, it is flexible enough to withstand the expansion of metal. Excess foam is cut off with a knife. If there is no foam, then use nylon tape made from tights.
Very often you have to design and then install pipelines that pass through walls, ceilings and floors. And, as a rule, many questions of this type arise: Is it worth using sleeves when passing pipes through walls? What size should I use? How to seal sleeves? What material should I use for the sleeves? How far should the sleeve extend from the wall, floor or ceiling? I hope that in this article I will provide complete answers to all questions that arise.
When installing internal pipelines of water supply and sewerage systems, some of them end up in the thickness of floors, walls, partitions and foundations. For example, through building construction can extend up to 10% of the riser length ( the distance between the floors of adjacent floors is 3.0 m and the thickness of the ceiling is 0.3 m ). Moreover, pipes made of materials of different strength and surface hardness can pass through the same structures. In turn, building structures public buildings depending on their number of storeys and method of construction, they are made from both hard (reinforced concrete, brick, etc.) and relatively soft (wood, plaster, dry plaster, etc.) materials.
In this regard, installers often face the question: how will their direct contact with the long-term strength behavior of pipelines made of a particular material be affected? building element from a material of a different hardness?
IN regulatory documents and technical literature contain certain recommendations for arranging intersections of pipelines with building structures. So, the places where risers pass through the floors must be sealed with cement mortar to the entire thickness of the floor. The section of the riser above the ceiling by 8-10 cm (up to the horizontal outlet pipeline) should be protected with cement mortar 2-3 cm thick, and before sealing the sewer riser with mortar, the pipes must be wrapped with rolled waterproofing material without a gap.
When passing polypropylene pipes It is necessary to provide sleeves through building structures . The inner diameter of the sleeve should be 5-10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipe being laid. The length of the sleeve should be 20 mm greater than the thickness of the building structure. The interpipe space should be sealed with soft, non-flammable material in such a way as not to interfere with the axial movement of the pipeline during its linear temperature deformations.
Recommended crossing of a building structure by a pipeline
a - wall
b - overlap
1 - sleeve
2 - padding
3 - pipe
4 - wall
5 - floor
6 - overlap
With the aim of noise reduction sewer pipelines It is recommended to pass through the ceilings along sleeves, sealing the gap between the sleeve and the pipe with elastic material. The intersection performed in this way makes it possible to reduce, and sometimes significantly, the noise emanating from them. In the pictures, the number of arrows indicates the noise level.
1 - riser;
2 - packing;
3 - floor;
4 - sleeves;
5 - overlap;
7 - internal wall;
8 - outlet pipeline
Incorrect intersection vertical pipeline floors
1 - partition;
2 - clamp;
3 - pipeline;
4 - load-bearing wall;
5 - sound waves;
6 - overlap;
7 - hard seal;
8 - floor
Correctly executed crossing of a ceiling by a vertical pipeline
1 - sound waves;
2 - load-bearing wall;
3 - clamp;
4 - pipeline;
5 - partition;
6 - floor;
7 - rigid concrete embedding;
8 - elastic padding;
9 - overlap;
10 - sleeve
The need to equip pipelines with sleeves when they cross the walls and ceilings of public buildings can be justified by a number of factors. For example, straight sections of risers made of polymer pipes are very sensitive to temperature changes and can move significantly . In this situation, the installation of sleeves is mandatory, since it will create conditions for free movement of pipelines in walls and ceilings in the event of their temperature deformations, which are possible during installation and operational, seasonal or daily temperature changes. At the same time, expansion joints prevent the movement of polymer pipelines in building structures by preventing their deformation in the building structure.
The sleeve should also be installed to ensure the possibility of dismantling the faulty pipeline section without destroying it . At the same time, it is not always advisable to equip each structure with sleeves, since the need for this event is, as a rule, dictated by force majeure circumstances. This is also evidenced by the fact that complete replacement pipeline (for example, polymer), in accordance with its service life, will need to be installed in the cold water supply system after 50 years.
Fulfilling the requirement to seal the space between pipelines and sleeves installed in the walls and ceilings of public buildings makes it possible to prevent the penetration of odors and insects from one room to another.
The space between the pipe and the sleeve does not need to be sealed with waterproof material. This is only required when the sleeve is in the overlap. For example, in the event of an accident on a hot water supply riser from a metal-polymer pipeline, water should not pass through the gap between the pipe and the sleeve to the lower floors.
When determining the value protrusions of sleeves beyond the walls and ceilings (including ceilings) and choosing their sizes the following must be taken into account :
- a projection above the ceiling equal to 50 mm is advisable for rooms in which the level of spilled water can rise above the level of the clean floor (for example, shower rooms, where, as a rule, waterproofing is provided under the floor). The liner seal around the pipeline must be watertight;
- Excessive protrusion of the sleeve beyond the partition is not always justified, since the shorter the sleeve, the lower its cost and, consequently, the installation costs. It can be considered sufficient that there are no obstacles to carrying out finishing works(plastering, painting, wallpapering, tiles and so on.);
- The dimensions of the sleeves depend on the method of pipeline installation. At hidden installation Excessive protrusion of the sleeve beyond the partition can be neglected. For open installation, sleeves should be used with dimensions that will not spoil the interior of the room.
The gap between the sleeve and the polymer pipeline should allow for high-quality sealing. The internal diameters of the sleeves must also allow free passage of failed pipeline parts.
For sleeves, as experience shows, you should use sections of steel and polymer pipes, as well as such rolled waterproofing materials, like roofing felt. The choice of material is made taking into account the building envelope. So, in reinforced concrete elements steel sleeves should be used. They can be easily concreted as in a factory reinforced concrete structures(in the manufacture of wall and ceiling panels), and directly at the construction site during the installation process pipeline system using appropriate formwork.
The ends of steel sleeves are specially treated , because, unlike sleeves made of other materials that do not have sharp edges and burrs, during installation they can scratch and cut polymer pipes, which is especially dangerous for pressure pipelines. The walls of the steel sleeves at the edges are bent outward (flared) and the burrs are removed from them (countersinked).
When using sleeves made of other materials, it should be borne in mind that almost all polymers do not have sufficient adhesion to cement mortar.
Regardless of the material, durable sealing of sleeves in wooden (polymer) elements can only be achieved using special methods.
The use of roofing material for sleeves is undesirable, since such materials may contain petroleum components, the contact of which, for example, with polymer pipes is unacceptable. Moreover, in accordance with the requirement fire safety, the material of the sleeves should not contribute to the spread of fire from one room to another.
To prevent the spread of fire through polymer pipes It is possible to use special fire cutters. They, as a rule, are a casing or cuff made of durable material with intumescent components, which, expanding when exposed to heat, fill the space outside and inside the pipe. Fire couplings are installed where pipelines cross walls or ceilings.
Fire hazardous crossing of a polymer pipeline
a - brick;
b - concrete;
c - steel;
1 - wall;
2 - fire coupling;
3 - polymer pipeline;
4 - fasteners
Fireproof crossing of a polymer pipeline with fire-resistant couplings
a - concrete;
b, c - cement mortar;
1 - polymer pipeline;
2 - fire coupling;
3 - fasteners;
4 - overlap;
5 - sleeve;
6 - cement mortar
When pipelines cross the foundations of public buildings, requirements related to ensuring impermeability should be met. groundwater Into the basement. The possibility of uneven settlement of the foundation and pipeline should also be taken into account. For this the gap between the pipe and the sleeve is sealed with sealant or mastic, and the inner diameter of the sleeves, according to CH 478-80, is chosen to be 200 mm larger than the outer diameter of the pipeline.
Copper pipelines at intersections with building structures should also be placed in protective cases. The space between the ceiling (concrete) and the protective case is filled with cement mortar. IN wooden partitions the empty space outside the case is filled with asbestos or other similar material.
Intersection copper pipe floors
1 - copper pipe;
2 - insulation;
3 - protective case;
4 - waterproofing ring
Copper pipe crossing a wall
1 - copper pipe;
2 - wall made of concrete or brickwork;
3 - protective case;
4 - insulation
For compensation for temperature changes in length when passing horizontal copper pipelines through walls and partitions is installed sliding supports . Their installation locations are determined during design. After the pipe leaves the wall, it is recommended to install standard fittings in the form of an elbow or tee, so that the pipeline in the new room does not move away from the wall surface.
Laying copper pipeline after exiting the wall
1 - pipe;
2 - fitting in the form of an angle;
3 - sliding support;
4 - rotation of the pipe, performed by bending;
5 - fixed support
This is what I write in the PP:1. In places where openly laid and protected cables pass through building structures, cable penetrations must be provided with a fire resistance limit not lower than the fire resistance limit of these structures (Article 82 of the TR), ensuring the required smoke and gas tightness (clause 37 of PPB 01-03) and meeting the requirements GOST R 50571.15 and 2.1 PUE.
To do this, in places where pipes and cables pass:
-- through fire walls, ceilings and partitions with a standardized fire resistance limit or their exit to the outside in rooms with a normal environment, lay electrical circuits in sections of pipes for smooth PVC electrical wiring D = 25 (clause 3.18 SNiP 3.05.06-85*). Seal the gaps between the cables and the pipe with cable glands for PVC pipes. The seal should be made on each side of the pipe;
-- through building structures with a non-standardized fire resistance limit, lay electrical circuits in corrugated PVC pipes d=16. Seal the gaps between the cables and the pipe using TFLEX plugs.
2. When passing through ceilings, the cable at the point of passage is protected from mechanical damage by casings or boxes to a height of 2 m from the floor.
3.For passing single cables through walls production premises with explosive zone class - 2 (according to TROTPB) and V-1a (according to PUE), use steel water and gas pipes in accordance with GOST 3262-75 and pipe cable glands U57/III. Scheme for performing single cable penetrations- see sheet 16 of the RF project.
4. To pass the cable assembly through the walls of industrial premises with explosive zone class - 2 (according to TROTPB) and V-1a (according to PUE), use universal solution cable penetrations designed for fire protection passage places cable lines and consisting of:
--sealing fire retardant composition Formula KP - for sealing cable passages;
--fire retardant composition Phoenix CE - for additional fire retardant treatment of cables;
--embedded parts - straight all-metal perforated tray LM 500x50.
Installation of cable penetrations should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of technological regulations TRP-10/06 and "Recommendations for the installation and operation of fire-fighting cable penetrations of the KP type" (R5.04.067.10) of RUE "Stroytekhnorm".
5. Sealing of pipe passages through building structures must be done with fireproof materials ( mortar, cement with sand by volume 1:10, clay with sand - 1:3, clay with cement and sand - 1.5:1:11, expanded perlite with construction plaster- 1:2 or other non-combustible materials) throughout the entire thickness of the wall or partition immediately after laying cables or pipes (SNiP 3.05.06-85, clause 3.65). Gaps in passages through walls may not be sealed if these walls are not fire barriers.
