Human reaction speed in milliseconds. Speed ​​reaction. How to increase your reaction speed

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Let's try to figure out how to increase reaction speed using an example practical exercises. But first, let's say a little about the theoretical side of the issue.

There is a myth that everyone has the same reaction speed, but this is not true. You can easily verify this. It is enough to take a reaction speed test with friends or family. You will notice that it varies. Even one person shows during the day different speed reactions.

Another myth says that reaction speed cannot be improved. This is also not true. Multiple studies confirm that responsiveness improves significantly with exercise.

What is a reaction

So, first let's figure out what a reaction is. It acts as a serious element of self-defense. The higher the reaction, the faster you cope with surprises and the more difficult it is to take a person by surprise. Reaction refers to established actions in response to external influences - stimuli. A simple reaction, or rather a reflex, goes like this:

the irritant affects the receptors of the organ;
from there the signal comes to the brain;
the brain gives orders to the body;
it causes the muscles to move, and they contract and perform the task.

The body's reaction to stimuli is a reflex inherent in nature. It is important to be able to develop it to increase the speed of action.

This is how blinking functions in response to certain sudden irritants of the eyes (for example, if a speck hits), the knee-jerk reflex, and also withdrawing fingers from something hot, etc.

In reality, most often, this path is more difficult. Often, not only the spinal cord, but also the brain is involved. The reaction speed slows down if a person himself interferes in the chain. For this reason, it is important to develop and enhance it in order to avoid interference from oneself.

How to improve your reaction speed

Are you interested in the answer to the question of how to improve your reaction speed? It is quite simple: constant training. If 3-4 times a week, then to train the reaction you will need to make an effort every day.

Key Secret increased reaction- this is the ability at the required moment. But, unfortunately, our body is not capable of being in a state of high concentration for a long time. Therefore, the first task is to develop the ability to alternate periods of concentration and rest.

As a true athlete, you need to be able to move into a state of extreme concentration in a split second. And after that you need to relax as much as possible so that the body can rest.

Reaction speed is important in many life situations, and developing it is not as difficult as it seems at first glance.

Special online tests teach exactly this: maximum concentration and maximum relaxation at the right moment. To improve your reaction speed, you will need to concentrate your attention only on a specific object. You need to forget about everything else that surrounds you. It's difficult, but you can really learn it.

If a question arises regarding increasing the reaction speed, then you immediately need to answer another question: what exactly are you going to develop the reaction to? People react to:

touching;
sounds;
visible stimuli.

Thus, if you want to develop a reaction, then you will have to do this to one of these stimuli. In the future you can mix them, but at first proceed gradually, train them one at a time.

Responsiveness

Regardless of what type of reaction develops: visual, auditory or tactile, it is necessary to understand exactly what acts as a response reflex during classes, that is, what is the established action. It is more correct to train a specific sensitive receptor for various types of activities. You can develop a reaction even to the most ridiculous signals, but it is important to achieve a variety of activities during training; you must use as many muscles as possible.

Such actions are required to be simple, and it is important to perform them with one touch or movement. These actions are different, they require a wide variety of efforts: from performing the command “lie down” to push-ups or pull-ups. It is important that these movements are simple.

It is important for you to determine what kind of reaction you are developing: auditory, visual or tactile. You won't be able to train everything at once.

In addition, the meaning of the exercise also plays a role; it should not be devoid of this, i.e. it is required to carry a specific meaning. In other words, the exercise should be useful in ordinary life. The key emphasis when choosing here needs to be on safety and acquiring various skills: sports, special. It is important to adequately select the stimulus. For example, simulating a shot trains a jump to the side, a fall, but not nonsense.

You need to train little by little, starting with simple exercises. This includes “get the javara” or moving objects. Other distinguishing feature process lies in the inevitable presence of a completely sudden and in no way controlled source of irritation. Training with orders to yourself is meaningless and useless, and you quickly get bored. Truly unexpected sources of assignments are required.

The ideal choice would be another person, that is, a partner or coach. Participation in exercises by two people immediately introduces a competitive element into them. Each one tries to win against the other, making efforts to complicate the opponent’s task. Take a friend, relative, etc. as a coach. Few people will refuse to develop the action of the reaction.

Of course, if you are capable of this, then organize similar conditions yourself, where there are a lot of surprises. But now let's look at some exercises that are designed to increase reaction speed. Of course, they are not considered the ultimate truth, but an ordinary sample, on the basis of which you will create various, more appropriate, tasks.

Increased hearing response

In order to develop a reaction to hearing, sound is used as an influence. It requires a clear beginning. An example is the sound of music, ringing, clicking, knocking, etc. Even the doorbell. When developing a reaction to sounds, it is necessary to interrupt the visible connection between the one who is training and the cause of the sound. In other words, the trainee should not predict the moment of sound appearance by the activity of the partner trainer. You can create sound behind your back or use a special program for your PC.

If development is underway auditory response for safety, then tasks are directed to established actions (lying position, jumping, bending, etc.). Let's give examples useful tasks:

the coach needs to go out the door. After the signal, the participant needs to transfer specific item(this needs to be clearly indicated). Or take an object (from a shelf, from a pocket, from a drawer, etc.);
the coach stands behind him and sharply hits the surface of something with a ruler. The trainee is required to make the same blow;
during safety tasks, it is required to train the process of taking away a weapon or what is used instead of it, upon a sound signal (stomping, screaming, knocking, etc.);

The exercises are simple but effective. You can change them or complicate them to your liking.

partners sit opposite each other, and an object is placed in front of them. The trainer moves around them and suddenly a sound appears (clap, whistle). The partners are required to take the lying object based on the sound - who is the fastest. To make the task more difficult, the coach can not only clap, but also say something like “bang”, “boom”, etc. Don't forget that partners can't bump heads.

Increased response to touch

Now the reaction to touch is being developed, i.e. touch that is not controlled by looking, for example, from behind. This key element security. During training, you need to blindfold yourself if you are working on the tactility of your hands. And if safety tasks are performed, the trainer is located behind. Here are some examples for training:

the person is on a chair, blindfolded, his hands must be placed shoulder-width apart on the table. The trainer touches the participant's hands suddenly and at indefinite intervals. The latter, when touched, should clap his palms. It is important that a minimum of time passes from the moment of touch to the execution of the action;
the coach stands behind at arm's length. It touches the trainee's shoulder. The latter needs to suddenly crouch down, jump to one side, turn around and get into a fighting position.

Increased vision response

The reaction to vision is very important, because it is the main sense. People receive almost all data through their eyes, so the development of reactions from a “visible” stimulus requires maximum time.

By the way, it’s not difficult to develop it. When performing tasks, it is important to pay attention not only to the response to a set event, but also to the person’s choice of a specific event. There is no need to turn on one lamp, turn on one of two or three. In such a situation, the brain needs to evaluate the situation and discard unnecessary stimuli. Here are some useful tasks to improve your visual response:

A ruler is pressed against the wall. The participant is required to place thumb 1 cm from the ruler at 10-15 cm from its edge. The moment the ruler is lowered, it falls. The goal is to catch it with your finger and press it against the wall. The shorter the time the ruler “flies”, the higher the reaction;
the trainer randomly turns on one of the 2 lamps (the switch is invisible to the participant). When a specific lamp is turned on, it is required to move an object or perform a set action;
things are shown from behind the screen. You need to react to a specific subject.

Effective training is provided by finger games: rock-paper-scissors and even-odd:

In the even-odd game, the leading number 1-5 is shown on the fingers. The second participant needs to show his own number, but with a different meaning. If the first participant shows odd number, then it is important for the second to show the even;

Many children's games develop visual reactions. It’s enough to remember your favorite childhood pastimes and start training.

The game rock-paper-scissors is familiar to us since childhood. The fist acts as a stone and breaks the scissors (two fingers). The latter defeat paper (palm), and it is capable of covering stone. IN simple type In the game, participants “create” an object at one moment. In this situation, the coach gives time to the trainee so that he has time to understand and choose the subject that wins;
okay. In this game, participants sit at a table facing each other. Hands are also on the table. One tries to cover the other’s with his palm, and it is important for the other to remove it before that.

There are other trainings for developing a reaction to visible stimuli:

a game for children in which people stand in a circle. They jump in a clockwise motion, trying to jump on their neighbor's leg. The latter moves his leg with a jump. If a participant jumped while attacking, then it is important for him to freeze in place. If a participant jumps, jumping away, he must step on his neighbor’s foot. The one who was stepped on leaves the circle;
easy fun called “catch a piece of paper.” One participant holds paper in his hands, and the second puts his palm on his hand holding this paper. The first throws, and the second must catch with his hand the paper that was on the first’s hand. If the game is for money (if you catch a piece of money, you get it), then the process of reaction development takes place as quickly as possible;
juggling. You start learning to juggle. In this situation, the goal is not only to develop a reaction, but one cannot do without it.

To develop the body's reaction speed, a game is used where you need to catch a tennis ball with your hand. Everyone saw the tennis players training. They stand against the wall and practice punches. The ball bounces off the wall and comes back again.

Take a tennis ball too, stand opposite the wall and start throwing it, applying force. The actions are similar to the training of tennis players: hand-ground-wall-hand. First, one arm is trained, then the other, then all at once. Alternatively, you can throw with your left hand and catch only with your right. This will make things more difficult. It’s even better to do the exercise with a partner, so you can catch the ball in order.

24 January 2014, 15:28

Friends, there are 2 news - bad and good:

Bad: the speed of your reaction cannot be physiologically changed; it is innate.

Good: but the psychological conditions for the appearance of a reaction can be varied - and I’ll tell you how.

We will not write about the importance of reaction speed for a tracer - it is obvious.

Reaction speed is the time from the start of the signal to the body's response.

In Wundt's laboratory, the Russian psychologist Lange discovered the existence of two various types reactions that he called motor and sensory.

Sensory response is the time from the start of the signal to its perception (awareness), i.e. the subject's attention is directed to waiting for a signal.

Motor - time from the start of the signal until the response movement is made, i.e. attention is directed to the upcoming action.

Amazingly, the motor reaction is almost 2 times faster than the sensory reaction.

This is explained by the fact that the motor reaction is not a fully mental reaction, but only a brain reflex, since the action is already included in the “program” and, unlike the sensory one, there is no process of perception and volitional decision in it, only a reflex. This also happens because the spinal cord and medulla oblongata are responsible for the motor response - “a simpler but faster computer” compared to other parts of the brain.

A person’s reaction time depends on the modality of the stimulus - the type of stimulus signal, the intensity of the stimulus, training, the mood to perceive the signal, age and gender, and the complexity of the reaction.

For example, visual information is perceived most quickly. Normal person perceives visually 3-5 thousand characters per minute. With training, the speed of information perception increases. The Guinness Book of Records records text reading at a speed of 150 thousand characters per minute. Auditory information is perceived more slowly. The maximum perception speed ranges from 300 to 1000 characters per minute. Smells are the slowest to perceive. A person perceives one smell from several seconds to ten minutes.

So it’s good that when we fall, we will focus on the readings of tactile, visual and vestibular sensitivity, and not on the (possible) appearance of the specific smell of hydrogen sulfideJ.

For further consideration, we will describe 3 different situations:

1) When a person withdraws his hand from a hot object, a simple reflex comes into play, in which the brain does not take part. From the receptor, the signal travels along the nerve fiber to the spinal cord and then directly to the muscle, passing through only three nerve cells (yes, only 3): a sensory neuron, an interneuron in spinal cord and motor neuron. The speed of the nerve impulse along the processes of nerve cells here is several tens of meters/sec. The determining factor is the time of synaptic transmission - about 0.1 sec. First, the person withdraws his hand, and then feels pain.

2) If we're talking about about a person’s reaction to a stone flying at him, then here is also a reflex reaction: the eye transmits a signal about rapid movement not only to the parts of the brain where they are processed (and we understand: “a stone is flying”), but also along special nerve pathways - to muscles, which provides a quick avoidance reaction - moving to the side, jumping away, etc.

3) If we are talking about reaction when playing tennis, then a gradual improvement in reaction is associated with the formation of stereotypical reflexes that allow you to react without the participation of the cortex cerebral hemispheres(without thinking). And when we are just learning to make a new movement, a complex interaction occurs: a signal about the action is sent to the muscle, a signal about the result of the action is sent back from it, and an adjustment occurs. All these processes involve different areas of the cerebellum and some other brain structures.

Human reaction time

the time from the start of the signal to the body's response. It is divided into 3 phases: the time of passage of nerve impulses from the receptor (See Receptors) to the cerebral cortex; the time required to process nerve impulses and organize a response in the central nervous system; the body's response time. V. r. h depends on the modality of the stimulus, in other words, on the type of stimulus signal, intensity of the stimulus, training, disposition to perceive the signal, age and gender, complexity of the reaction (simple or selective). V. r. h. to discrete independent stimuli varies widely. For a simple reaction, the average V. r. h. in the most favorable cases, not less than 0.15 sec(visual image recognition not less than 0.4 sec). V. r. hours - one of the most important factors in professional selection; is of decisive importance in determining the psychophysiological capabilities of a person to perform the work of an operator, pilot, astronaut, driver, etc.


Big Soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what “Human reaction time” is in other dictionaries:

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    Human is the time interval from the moment the signal arrives to the body’s response. reaction time is one of the criteria by which one can judge a person’s suitability for such professions as operator, dispatcher, driver, astronaut, and... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

    reaction time- the time interval between the presentation of any signal (optical, acoustic, tactile, etc.) and the beginning of the subject’s response to this signal, determined by the instructions. The time of the simplest motor reaction that records the fact of the appearance of... Great psychological encyclopedia

    The interval between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a response, which is usually recorded in the motor sphere. For stimuli of different modalities, the reaction time is different: the fastest reaction is realized in response to auditory... ... Psychological Dictionary

    reaction time- 3.1 time of reaction: The time interval between the application of the test substance to the leak location and the appearance of the leak detector output signal. Source: original document 3.34 response time: Time,... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

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Books

  • Psychology of a person on an airplane, Z. Geratewohl. The book examines the problems of pilot psychology in the light of the development of aviation, the processes of perception and reaction in flight, as well as flight-related forms of human reactions and behavior. Book…

A person is engaged in manual scalping trading and is trying to speed up the speed of received data using the Plaza2 high-speed channel in order to compete with high-frequency robots.

Also in the discussion thread Profit enslaver claims that its reaction speed is 30 ms =)

--------------------
Twilight_reg73, 150ms???? there you are lol! When I played WWII as a hunter - for me 150ms was an eternity... 30ms below was already a bit difficult to detect

There is also a 2nd test difficulty level.
My result 0.351

What limits a person’s reaction speed: the speed of muscle work or nervous system

In humans, the average reaction time to a visual signal is 0.1-0.3 seconds.

The speed of a person’s reaction is determined by the functioning of the nervous system. When a person reacts to a very strong irritation that is life-threatening, for example, when he withdraws his hand from a hot stove, a simple reflex is carried out in which the brain is not involved. From the receptor, the signal travels along the nerve fiber to the spinal cord and then directly to the muscle, passing through only three nerve cells - a sensory neuron, an interneuron in the spinal cord and a motor neuron. The speed of the nerve impulse along the processes of nerve cells here is several tens of meters/sec. The determining factor is the time of synaptic transmission - about 0.1 sec. It should be noted that we first withdraw our hand and then feel pain. This is due to the fact that the signal from pain receptors to the brain travels through nerve fibers of a different type (there are three types of nerve fibers, differing in the mechanism of impulse transmission) at a lower speed of 0.5-2 meters/sec.

If we are talking about a person’s reaction to a brick flying at him, then here is also a reflex reaction: the eye transmits a signal about rapid movement not only to the parts of the brain where they are processed (and we understand: “a brick is flying”), but also through special nerves pathways - to the muscles, which provides a quick avoidance reaction, for example, jumping away.

If we are talking about the reaction when playing tennis, then a gradual improvement in the reaction is associated with the formation of stereotypical reflexes that allow you to react without the participation of the cerebral cortex (without thinking), and, most importantly, such reactions are carried out without feedback, that is, there is no constant adjustment of movement. And when we are just learning to make a new movement, a complex interaction occurs: a signal about the action is sent to the muscle, a signal about the result of the action comes back from it, and an adjustment occurs, i.e. the muscle moves under constant control, which takes a lot of time. All these processes involve different areas of the cerebellum and some other brain structures.

Jump and little RikkiTikkiTavi deftly dodged the poisonous teeth of the terrible snake. Jump again and the animal is safe. Dexterity and speed defeated strength! As a child, who among us did not admire the hero of R. Kipling’s fairy tale and envy the magnificent reaction of the mongoose RikkiTikkiTavi! And we? How quickly do we react to various stimuli of light, sound, pain, etc.?

In our age of scientific and technological progress, it is very important to have a quick reaction. We need it at work, at home, on the street.

A turner, for example, when processing a part, must carefully monitor the cutter and stop the machine at the right moment; if he's a split second late there will be a marriage.

The flow of passenger cars flows along the roads like an endless river. A traffic light signal, a traffic controller's gesture, an unexpected obstacle, the driver's response must be quick and accurate, otherwise an accident is inevitable. Sluggishness and a slow reaction of a pedestrian can also lead to a traffic accident.

I think there is no need to prove that reaction time is one of the important qualities of a person. Usually this means the time from the moment of exposure to any stimulus on the body to the response of a voluntary reaction. Naturally, different reactions follow different stimuli. The fastest reaction to sound and tactile stimuli, when the response time ranges from 105 to 180 milliseconds (thousandth of a second). The response to Visual signals usually occurs within 150-225 milliseconds. It is the visual-motor reactions that are most significant: after all, over 90 percent of information from the outside world enters our brain through the organ of vision.

...Psychophysiological laboratory. A small remote control with two lights and two switch buttons. “As soon as the red lamp lights up,” explains the experimenter, press the “A” button.

Index finger on the button; The light flashed and the subject immediately pressed the button. The numbers on the electronic stopwatch froze at 286 milliseconds. The result is modest. “Be careful!” the experimenter advises.

Signal! The answer took 190 milliseconds. Another signal - response, and so on at least 10 times. The average is then calculated; this is the speed of a simple visual-motor reaction. Experts believe that a result of less than 200 milliseconds is quite good; 200250 milliseconds indicator average speed reactions, over 250 milliseconds is evidence of a slow reaction.

Let's return to the experimenter's table and the device that measures the speed of reactions, the chronoreflexometer. New task: press button “A” if the red light comes on, and not react if the green light flashes at the same time. This is how the reaction of discrimination is assessed.

Attention! Signal! The red light flashed: it took 300 milliseconds to respond. More than in previous experience. It cannot be otherwise. After all, before pressing the button, it was necessary to assess the situation and make a decision. The discrimination reaction with correct answers within 300-350 milliseconds is considered good, in the range of 351380 satisfactory, and beyond this time unsatisfactory.

Again the task changes: the red light will light up, you need to press button “A”, the green light on button “B” will light up. Naturally, in this case the reaction time is also extended by 3040 milliseconds compared to responses to simple (monotonic) signals.

The experimenter suggests checking the reaction to a moving object. The arrow of an electric stopwatch moves in a circle, making one revolution per second. It is required to stop its running at a given point. The arrow is approaching the mark. Stop! 40 milliseconds late. A new attempt now the arrow stopped 30 milliseconds earlier. After a series of repetitions, it becomes clear which leading or lagging reactions predominate in the subject and what is the average value of deviations in one direction or another.

From the psychophysiological laboratory, let's mentally move to the stadium. The runners froze at the start, all their thoughts were subordinated to the expectation of the starter’s shot, and now they rush off the starting blocks with lightning speed and rush along the running track like a whirlwind. The reaction is simple, the answer is always the same, pre-programmed.

The situation is different.

A football player quickly walks along the edge of the field, a defender rushes towards him: a false swing, deceptive movements. To fall for the opponent's trick means to let the player through to the goal. To react or not to react? In this case, we can talk about a complex reaction of discrimination.

Hockey match. One team has a numerical advantage, its players constantly “fire” at the opponents’ goal. However, the goalkeeper acts clearly, masterfully hits pucks flying at him from different sides. This is how the reaction of choice manifests itself. What about volleyball? The player flies over the net, evaluates the trajectory of the ball, and at some point sharply hits it. And the point is won: the opponents could not accept the ball. Reaction to a moving object is the fourth type of visuomotor responses.

A good reaction is extremely important not only for an athlete, but also for any worker in modern production. That is why various psychophysiological studies are increasingly used in the process of career guidance and professional selection. Experienced specialists, having analyzed psychophysiological indicators, not only express their opinion about the abilities of a particular person, but also help him choose the right profession. Do I need to explain how important this is, especially for young people entering independent life?

Before answering the question of why the reaction rate depends, I’ll tell you briefly about some physiological mechanisms.

Any stimulus is perceived by the corresponding sense organs. From receptors (peripheral sensory nerve formations) nerve impulses enter the cerebral cortex, where signals are recognized, classified, and their significance for a given situation is assessed. Then the motor areas of the cortex are involved in the process, and a specific motor response immediately follows. Naturally, at each of these stages there is a certain time delay. So, with a simple reaction to light, the time of which fluctuates within 150225 milliseconds, it takes up to 60 milliseconds. so that on the retina of the eye photochemical processes are transformed into nerve impulses.

Their processing in the cerebral cortex takes up to 60 milliseconds. The rest of the time is spent on the immediate muscle motor response. In the process of complex reactions, the time of analysis and decision-making increases, which affects the slowdown of response actions. Is our reaction stable? No, she is changeable. Best performance are noted, as they say, in a state of high performance. The actions of a tired person are usually slow. And if this affects the speed of simple reactions less, then the speed of complex ones usually slows down quite noticeably, and the number of erroneous actions also increases. Reactions are also slowed down under the influence of alcohol and nicotine. Of great importance is mental condition person. For example, negative emotions lead to an increase in the time of all types of reactions, while positive ones, on the contrary, accelerate them. The highest response rate is observed in 1840; It slows down over the years. It has been noted that the fastest motor responses, all other things being equal, are recorded in the middle of the day.

You can evaluate your reaction yourself. I offer several simple methods, but with the caveat that the estimates will be very conditional and approximate.

Take in left hand a small flat object, such as a key to an English castle. Unclench your fingers, release the key, and try to catch it with your right hand. If out of 10 attempts you succeeded in this in at least 7 cases, your reaction is good.

Make the task more difficult: release the key from your hands with your eyes closed, and as soon as it starts to fall, open them. It became more difficult to catch the key. If you still managed to catch it at least 6 times out of 10, this indicates a good reaction.

Third option. Have your assistant suddenly throw the key while saying certain words and signals. Agree that if, say, he says “one,” you must catch the key; if he says “two,” you must not. This is how the discrimination reaction is tested. Next: when the signal is “one”, you must catch the key or at least touch it with your right hand, when the signal is “two” with your left hand. This is how the reaction of choice is assessed.

If in all cases you are successful in at least 50 percent of the trials, then you have a good reaction. If the tests are less successful, think about why this is happening and try to improve your reaction.

It is known from sports practice that the means to optimize speed qualities is the ability to do everything as relaxed as possible. Muscle stiffness is the enemy of fast movements. Hence the first advice to those who want to improve their reaction: learn to relax.

The second piece of advice is to learn to concentrate. The response to an expected signal is always shorter than to an unexpected one. First, learn how to perform different tempo movements. While standing or sitting, extend your arms forward. Increasing the pace, clench your hands into a fist and unclench them. Faster, faster, even faster, until you get tired! Work some more, learn to overcome fatigue. With training they will not. Not only will you improve your speed skills, but you will also develop a focus on speed, and consequently, a desire to improve this quality will appear.

Gradually complicate the exercises. At the same time, you will have your favorite exercises that train certain muscle groups in the arms, legs, and back. However, as already mentioned, it is important not only to perform the movements quickly, but also to learn not to strain the muscles that are not working.

Watch yourself: do you feel the muscles of your forearms, shoulders, and back gradually becoming more and more tense? Throw your arms down sharply, let them hang like whips. Try to completely relieve the tension, then after a 1.52-minute rest, repeat the exercise again.

Let's change the condition. First, on the contrary, tense all the muscles of the body for 10-15 seconds, and then relax. You will feel a pleasant feeling of peace. Repeat this exercise several times. Remember the sensations that arise during tension and relaxation, learn to recognize them in the process of your activities, learn to relieve stiffness.

Well, what about reaction time? At the same time, it will necessarily shrink.

V. P. NEKRASOV