Cable penetrations through walls and ceilings. Places where cables pass through ceilings, walls, fire-resistant partitions in cable tunnels must be carefully sealed with non-combustible material, and sealing is also carried out around the cables passing through the nozzles. This is one of the necessary measures to prevent the spread of fires in cable networks and water penetration into the building through pipes.

Normalized distances. The PUE defines the smallest permissible distances between the cable being laid and other cables, building foundations, green spaces, pipelines with flammable liquid, heating pipelines, communication cables, electrified and non-electrified railways, tram rails, both when located parallel to them and when crossing them. The PUE also provides for protection measures when approaching these devices.

These restrictions are established in order to create normal conditions for the operation of cables and minimize the harmful effects of all kinds of devices on the cable. If we're talking about about pipelines, then the minimum permissible approach during parallel laying of 1 m is necessary to ensure that the cable is not damaged during excavations associated with pipeline repairs. For a heat pipe, the specified proximity is 2 m in order to minimize the harmful influence of the heat generated by the heat pipe on the cooling conditions of the cable. Tram, electrified railways, subway lines are a source of propagation in the ground stray currents, which, in the absence of proper protection, have a destructive effect on the armor and metal sheath of the cable. Therefore, the permissible approach to such structures is already 10 m or, if this distance needs to be reduced, the cables are laid in insulating pipes (for example, asbestos-cement, impregnated with tar or bitumen). Thus, each restriction on approaches and intersections has its own justification and must be observed when laying cables.

Industrial preparation of cables. IN Lately developed and implemented in a number of installation organizations method of preliminary preparation in workshops of measured sections of armored cables. On a mechanized technological line, the cable is rewinded from the factory drum to a special inventory drum with measuring required length on the cable meter; cable cutting and installation of terminations and couplings. Prepared sections of cables are tested with increased voltage, the cable cores are marked and colored, and the cable in an inventory drum is delivered to the site for laying on a prepared route.

The main element of the production line is an inventory cable drum with an electric drive, as well as a counting device, with the help of which the process of measuring and rewinding cables is mechanized. The inventory drum consists of a welded frame, inside of which a rotating drum is placed. On the side cheeks of the rotating drum there are structures for fastening couplings and end seals. The electric drive is connected to the drum by a hinge shaft. A measuring device with a counter, type SK-1, consists of a frame and a movable stand. The frame is equipped with guide rollers and a copper disk connected to a cable meter. The measuring disk, moving transversely on the guide pins, ensures that the cable is laid turn to turn. The drum with cable is lifted using a cable jack. Other installation operations are also mechanized at the stand: rounding of sector cores, crimping of tips and sleeves (PGEP press), welding and soldering with propane-butane torches, cable cutting with a stationary cable knife With manual drive, marking plastic tags special device and etc.

Industrial cable preparation reduces cable waste and labor costs in general, reduces installation time and improves the quality of installation of cable couplings and terminations.

AND cable lines, you often have to solve the problem of how to pass a wire or cable through the outer walls of buildings and internal partitions. There are many requirements for the passage of electrical conductors through obstacles, and it is very important to comply with each of them, because this affects not only the ease of repair and replacement of wiring, but also the safety of its use. In this article we will tell you how to lay cables through a wall made of wood, brick and concrete in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Gasket requirements

The requirements for this type of work are regulated by two main regulatory documents. The first source is one that should always be consulted when it comes to electrical installations. The passage of cables through walls is discussed in various paragraphs, for example in paragraph 2.1.58. The second document is SNiP 3.05.06-85 (in clause 3.18), which describes the standards for construction and installation electrical devices. Information on this issue is also contained in the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ
"Technical regulations on requirements fire safety", Article 82, formulating fire safety requirements.

For the production of construction and installation work a corresponding project is required. If it is intended to lay a cable or wire through walls, the project must contain an architectural and construction part. The openings that a wall or partition must have through which wires and cables are supposed to be laid must be indicated on the project drawings.

Openings (openings) made in accordance with the design in walls, partitions, ceilings and foundations should not be framed by weakened areas that may collapse during operation. In general, cable routing through walls must meet the following requirements:

• the laying must provide the ability to replace wires and cables during operation.
• When installing wiring, it must be ensured that fire, smoke and moisture cannot spread through the installation openings from one room to another.

Compliance with these conditions is ensured by observing the following rules:

1. Laying of cables and electrical wiring through fireproof walls and ceilings is carried out in pipes, ducts or directly in openings. At the same time, in openings, without using additional protection, only protected (armored) cable can be laid. We talked about this in a separate article.
2. If the wall, partition or ceiling is made of combustible material, the laying of conductor products is carried out in steel pipes.
3. The space between the wires and pipes or boxes, as well as all backup openings and boxes, are sealed. We also talked about that.

The material used to seal openings must be easily removable if necessary. The fire resistance of the sealant cannot be inferior to the fire resistance of the wall, partition and ceilings. Sealing using sealing material is carried out on both sides of pipes, ducts, and openings.

If the cable passes through the wall in a section of pipe, its bending radius, if any, should not exceed the permissible bending radius of the conductor grade used (this parameter is indicated in the technical specifications).

Installation technology

First, let's look at how to run a power cable or wire through a wall. wooden house or log buildings.

The first step is to determine the entry point where the wall is drilled. The diameter of the hole is determined based on the thickness of the steel pipe in which the conductor will be placed. Before stretching the cable, its edges should be carefully processed with a file to remove sharp burrs that could damage the insulation. For additional protection of the cable line, it is better to lay it in corrugation.

After installation, the pipe filling requirements must be met. In this case, you can use an asbestos cord, wrapping it around the cable and driving it tightly into the pipe on both sides. The photo shows a wooden wall and laying a power cable through it:

How to conduct electrical wiring through the wall and perform wiring is shown in the photo below:

1. Steel pipe.
2. Distribution box.
3. Asbestos cement lining.
4. Cable channel.
5. Corrugation.
6. Asbestos cement lining.
7. Double socket.

For example, the options for how to route a cable through a brick wall are shown:

The sequence of work is as follows:

1. IN brick wall an opening of the required dimensions is made.
2. A piece of corrugation (sleeve) is inserted into the prepared opening.
3. A heat-shrinkable seal is installed on the pipe.
4. The space between the sleeve and the opening is filled mortar.
5. A cable or wire, previously placed in a corrugated pipe, is passed through the sleeve.
6. The space between the corrugation and the sleeve is sealed with one of the materials that meets the requirements of the rules.
7. By thermal exposure (for example, using a hair dryer), the seal shrinks until the point of entry of the electrical conductor into the sleeve is completely sealed.

If the wall is made of concrete, the technology is the same as for a brick one. The photo below shows an example of laying a cable through a concrete wall:

For industrial use, inflatable cable seal technology is of interest. The seal is an inflatable chamber made of metalized laminate. The cable line is wrapped with a sealant on which a sealant is applied. The chamber is then inflated to fill the passage, after which the helium valve is securely locked. How the passage is filled is shown in the photo:

That's the whole technology of laying cable through a wall made of wood, concrete and brick. As you can see, laying a line through obstacles into an apartment or house is not particularly difficult, the main thing is to be familiar with the requirements for electrical installation!

Light, heat, the operation of engineering and household equipment - everything is based on electricity. Therefore, the level of comfort depends entirely on uninterrupted and, importantly, safe work electrical networks. Any defect or error made during the installation of electrical equipment and electrical wiring, can lead to dire consequences - fires or fires.

The topic is especially relevant correct installation electrical wiring for wooden houses, because due to discrepancies in the interpretation of the PUE (Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations) and the SP (Code of Rules), confusion and a lot of controversy arises. Therefore, in this article we will answer the following questions:

• What are the basic principles installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house.
• How electrical wiring is installed in a wooden house in accordance with the rules of the PUE and SP.
• Technical features installation of hidden electrical wiring.

Correct electrical wiring in a wooden house

Wood is a general construction material with a centuries-old history. Both small guest houses and large-area cottages are built from it. With all the advantages of both log and frame houses, which are based on wooden racks, many believe that such buildings have an increased fire hazard. But one important point is missed.

Regardless of what the house is built from - brick, aerated concrete, timber or rounded logs, it burns first cushioned furniture, curtains, curtains, interior items, Appliances etc. Those. - the “filling” of the house, made of combustible materials.

In a stone house, electrical wiring coming from switchboard to consumers, mounted in fireproof material (the cable is laid in grooves, which are then sealed and plastered, etc.).

In this case, the developer faces difficult choice- wiring in a wooden house can be external , the cable can be routed inside wooden walls or between frame posts.

How to lay cable in a wooden house.

Let's consider all these methods of laying wires in a wooden house. If in the first case the electrical wiring is visible, which affects the speed of detection of an emergency situation (cable overheating, etc.), then in the second option it is hidden behind the cladding or in solid wood. Accordingly, what happens to the cable is unclear. Hence the fears and doubts of the developer: “What if something happens to the electrical wiring? Will it light up or not?

Practice shows that the “weak” point in the electrical network is not the cable itself (we do not consider cases of gross violation of installation, the use of a cable with a reduced cross-section, on which a large load was “hung”, “twists” on electrical tape on the route to splice the cable), but connection points - junction boxes, terminals for connecting consumers, i.e. sockets, switches, etc.

Modern power cables, with the abbreviation VVGng, etc., do not support combustion.

There are constant debates about where it is safer to run the cable - outside or inside the walls, whether it is permissible open wiring in a wooden house. There is an opinion that if we lay wiring along the wall, this will give us time to see and react to emergency situation and accept correct solution how to proceed. Put out the fire or evacuate.

Simply put, smell the smoke immediately, and not later, when the flame has already spread to the structural elements. If the electrical wiring is mounted in the wall, even in a steel pipe, then this may also not save you from a fire.

Semik User FORUMHOUSE

I can refer to my experience as a firefighter and my experience as an electrician in emergency situations. Steel pipes are more needed for mechanical protection wiring from the “fool”, the teeth of rats, which can even gnaw through a metal hose and damage the cable. I have seen more than once how a steel pipe, with wiring shorted inside, became red-hot. If this happens in a wooden wall, a fire is inevitable.

According to the user, the first thing you should think about when installing electrical wiring is the correct calculation of all cable sections and the selection of electrical equipment for protection. That is, figuratively speaking, there is no point in installing a 100 A circuit breaker on a wire with a cross-section of 0.75 square meters. mm with a distance to the consumer of one kilometer.

From here it's safe electrical network is a balanced system where each element, from circuit breakers to the cross-section and length of the cable, as well as the end user, is matched to each other. It is a delusion to hope that by stretching a cable through a metal pipe in a conventional wooden wall, we have already protected ourselves from fire. The rules for laying cables in a wooden house are a rather vague thing, so far we have solved only part difficult task, which will be discussed below.

PUE and SP: standards and rules for installing electrical wiring in wooden and frame houses

Let us repeat once again what we left outside the scope of this article. outdoor installation electrical wiring in cable channels. We also do not consider the so-called retro wiring. This option, both in terms of design and financial component, is not suitable for everyone.

Therefore, we set the task - it is necessary to install hidden electrical wiring in a wooden or frame house in a safe and regulated manner.

Which wire to use for a wooden house

It seems that everything is simple - you need to open the PUE (seventh edition dated 07/08/2002) and read paragraph 7.1.38, which says:

Electrical networks laid behind non-passable suspended ceilings and in partitions, are considered as hidden electrical wiring, and they should be performed: behind ceilings and in the voids of partitions made of flammable materials in metal pipes Oh, having localization ability, and in closed boxes; behind ceilings and in partitions made of non-combustible materials - pipes and ducts made of non-flammable materials, as well as flame retardant cables. It must be possible to replace wires and cables.

Now we open the document for frame builders, namely SP 31-105-2002 “Design and construction of energy-efficient single-apartment residential buildings With wooden frame" Read paragraph 13.5.1:

Electrical wiring should be arranged by passing cables (wires in a protective sheath) through voids or spaces filled with insulation inside the walls and ceilings of the house, as well as through the holes in wooden elements wall and ceiling frames. Pass such cables and wires through house structures it is allowed to arrange without the use of bushings and tubes.

And paragraph 13.5.2:

For electrical wiring Insulated wires in protective sheaths must be used or cables in sheaths made of flame retardant materials.

• A cable is two or more insulated conductors connected together and covered with insulation.

• A wire is a single-core or multi-core conductor with or without insulation.

Cable for wiring in a wooden house.

Accordingly: due to discrepancies between the PUE and the joint venture and the vagueness of the wording in the PUE, many users have a question - how to properly install electrical wiring on flammable materials. As prescribed in the PUE - by laying it in a steel pipe. Or as it is written in the joint venture - using a flame retardant cable without additional protective sheaths. Many disputes arise on this basis.

Vitalik1985 User FORUMHOUSE

I think that laying cables in steel pipes- This redundant solution. The likelihood that a cable will break is negligible; fires most often occur due to a spark in an outlet. It is better to pay more attention to circuit breakers, connections, junction boxes, switches, etc.

Danil117 User FORUMHOUSE

It is necessary to do so to eliminate the possibility of the wire catching fire. We choose the correct cable cross-section and select high-quality machines. That is, we do not hope that a steel pipe is a panacea for fires and fires.

We will also consider opposing opinions.

Sollara User FORUMHOUSE

I believe that wires for a wooden house should be in a metal pipe with localization ability. If the wire catches fire, it will burn out inside. If it is shorted, the arc will not burn through the pipe. We install metal junction boxes connected to the pipe.

A steel pipe for electrical wiring in a wooden house must be grounded.

Also interesting is the opinion of a portal user with the nickname Ivanov Kostya.

By laying a cable in a metal pipe, we solve two problems: we protect the cable from possible mechanical damage and protect the tree from possible fire of the cable.

Moreover, the first point acquires key importance in relation to our construction conditions. Workers can, while installing drywall or drilling something, pierce an unprotected cable with a screw or nail. Cable insulation can be damaged by sharp edges metal profile. The cable can be chewed (optionally) by rats or mice. In addition, the accumulation of wood dust during a spark or breakdown of insulation can lead to the rapid spread of flames inside the walls.

It seems that such a solution is redundant, but in this way we protect the cable from force majeure circumstances, including the common situation: “I forgot where the cable goes in the wall, hung a shelf/picture and damaged it.”

Although to avoid similar situations, we lay the cable not as necessary, but according to strictly specified and marked cable routes, if necessary, taking photographs with the attached tape measure.

Is corrugation acceptable for electrical wiring in a wooden house?

From all of the above, it becomes clear that some FORUMHOUSE users believe that electrical cable V wooden houses, with hidden wiring should be carried out only in metal pipes. Let's emphasize - specifically in steel pipes, and not in a metal hose, plastic self-extinguishing corrugation or steel corrugated pipe.

Corrugation for wires in a wooden house with hidden wiring is not suitable!

Arc short circuit ( short circuit) burns through a steel corrugated pipe, and plastic corrugation, due to its fragility, will not save the wiring from mechanical damage.

Others believe that a metal pipe for electrical wiring in a wooden house is redundant and rely on foreign experience, which allows for a cable in a log. In a classic frame using North American technology, the electrical cable is pulled directly through wooden posts, in drilled technological holes, without corrugations, metal pipes, etc.

In the “Finnish” version of the frame, the electrical cable is usually pulled in the inner layer of counter-insulation, embedded in a wooden counter-lattice.

It seems that the technology can be repeated, because it has stood the test of time, but, as we know, the essence is in the details.

“Overseas”, grounding must be done, and double grounding - one goes to the street line, to the switchboard, the second is independent, connected either to copper pins driven into the ground, or to the central water pipe. Plus, there is also a “zero” bus, and each line and electrical appliance (sockets, lamps, etc.) has its own independent grounding.

Roracotta FORUMHOUSE Member

There are 4 thick cables running underground to the meter in the house. Ground, zero and two phases. In addition to this ground on the cable, the central panel and the meter itself must be grounded by a separate ground or on copper pipe when entering the house, or with two 16 mm copper pins 2 meters long, or with a special copper plate buried in the ground to a depth of about a meter.

In a three-core “foreign” cable copper wire- “ground”, comes without braid. This ensures that the RCD trips when the slightest damage insulation of the “zero” and “phase” wires along the entire route. While in our country the grounding wire is isolated and provides protection only to end consumers.

Roracotta

In Canada, a rule was introduced - all lines that supply bedrooms must be equipped with special circuit breakers that are sensitive to sparks jumping at the consumer (plug, socket, etc.). If a spark jumps somewhere, the machine knocks out. It's expensive, but it needs to be done.

And this is only part of the nuances that ensure electrical safety. Having decided to run a cable in a steel pipe in houses built from timber, we remember that wood shrinks over time. Moreover, depending on the humidity source material, this value can be significant. This means that we need to think in advance about how to ensure the necessary movement/independence of the steel pipe with the cable, so that the beam does not “hang” on it after 2-3 years.

Condensation may form in the steel pipe, and moisture may enter the outlet or junction box due to the slope of the route. Another one " headache» - how to drive tracks in large wooden houses. It’s one thing to lay steel pipes in a wooden cottage of 100-150 square meters. m, but the task is completely different in complexity - in houses of 300-500 sq. m. In addition to increasing the estimate, special requirements are also placed on the qualifications of workers involved in the installation of electrical wiring in steel pipes.

Therefore, examples of the practical implementation of cable wiring in metal pipes are interesting.

Ivanov Kostya Member of FORUMHOUSE

I installed the electrical wiring in wooden floor attic floor, in steel square pipe 15x15 mm, VVGng cable with a section of 3x2.5. Turns and bends - a metal hose with a diameter of 20 mm, it fits well onto the pipe.

A square pipe is more convenient to install than a round one.

Installation of wiring in a log house

Electrical installation in a wooden house is also interesting , made by user with nickname Serg177. To do this, he bought a 15x15 mm pipe 300 meters long and a metal corrugation with a diameter of 2 cm, as well as brackets (they are used to fasten corrugations with a diameter of 1.5 cm) for fixing the pipes on the walls. Next, we install the wiring, not forgetting to first clean the edges of the pipes from burrs!

Open laying of unprotected insulated wires directly on bases, on rollers, insulators, on cables and trays should be carried out:

1. For voltages above 42 V in rooms without increased danger and for voltages up to 42 V in any rooms - at a height of at least 2 m from the floor or service area.

2. For voltages above 42 V in high-risk and especially dangerous areas - at a height of at least 2.5 m from the floor or service area.

These requirements do not apply to descents to switches, sockets, starting devices, panels, lamps installed on the wall.

In industrial premises, descents of unprotected wires to switches, sockets, devices, panels, etc. must be protected from mechanical influences to a height of at least 1.5 m from the floor or service area.

In domestic premises industrial enterprises, in residential and public buildings, the specified slopes may not be protected from mechanical influences.

In rooms accessible only to specially trained personnel, the height of openly laid unprotected insulated wires is not standardized.

2.1.53

In crane spans, unprotected insulated wires should be laid at a height of at least 2.5 m from the level of the crane trolley platform (if the platform is located above the crane bridge deck) or from the crane bridge deck (if the deck is located above the trolley platform). If this is not possible, then protective devices must be installed to protect personnel on the trolley and crane bridge from accidentally touching the wires. A protective device must be installed along the entire length of the wires or on the crane bridge itself within the location of the wires.

2.1.54

Height open gasket protected insulated wires, cables, as well as wires and cables in pipes, boxes with a degree of protection not lower than IP20, in flexible metal hoses from the floor level or service area are not standardized.

2.1.55

If unprotected insulated wires intersect with unprotected or protected insulated wires with a distance between the wires of less than 10 mm, then additional insulation must be applied to each unprotected wire at the intersection points.

2.1.56

When crossing unprotected and protected wires and cables with pipelines, the clear distance between them must be at least 50 mm, and with pipelines containing flammable or flammable liquids and gases - at least 100 mm. When the distance from wires and cables to pipelines is less than 250 mm, wires and cables must be additionally protected from mechanical damage for a length of at least 250 mm in each direction from the pipeline.

When crossing hot pipelines, wires and cables must be protected from exposure high temperature or must have an appropriate design.

2.1.57

When laying parallel, the distance from wires and cables to pipelines must be at least 100 mm, and to pipelines with flammable or flammable liquids and gases - at least 400 mm.

Wires and cables laid parallel to hot pipelines must be protected from high temperatures or must be designed accordingly.

2.1.58

Where wires and cables pass through walls, between floor coverings or their exit to the outside, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of changing the electrical wiring. To do this, the passage must be made in a pipe, duct, opening, etc. In order to prevent the penetration and accumulation of water and the spread of fire in places of passage through walls, ceilings or exits to the outside, the gaps between wires, cables and the pipe (duct, opening) should be sealed etc.), as well as backup pipes (ducts, openings, etc.) with an easily removable mass from non-combustible material. The seal must allow replacement, additional installation of new wires and cables and ensure the fire resistance limit of the opening is not less than the fire resistance limit of the wall (floor).

2.1.59

When laying unprotected wires on insulating supports, the wires must be additionally insulated (for example, with an insulating pipe) in places where they pass through walls or ceilings. When these wires pass from one dry or wet room to another dry or wet room, all wires of one line can be laid in one insulating pipe.

When passing wires from a dry or damp room to a damp one, from one damp room to another damp one, or when wires exit a room outside, each wire must be laid in a separate insulating pipe. When leaving a dry or damp room into a damp or outside building, wire connections must be made in a dry or damp room.

2.1.60

On trays, supporting surfaces, cables, strings, strips and others load-bearing structures It is allowed to lay wires and cables close to one another in bundles (groups) various shapes(for example, round, rectangular in several layers).

The wires and cables of each bundle must be fastened together.

2.1.61

In boxes, wires and cables can be laid in multilayers with an ordered and random (scattered) mutual arrangement. The sum of the cross-sections of wires and cables, calculated by their outer diameters, including insulation and outer sheaths, should not exceed: for blind boxes, 35% of the clear cross-section of the box; for boxes with openable lids 40%.

2.1.62

Permissible long-term currents on wires and cables laid in bundles (groups) or multilayered must be taken taking into account reduction factors that take into account the number and location of conductors (cores) in the bundle, the number and mutual arrangement bundles (layers), as well as the presence of unloaded conductors.

2.1.63

Pipes, ducts and flexible metal hoses of electrical wiring must be laid so that moisture cannot accumulate in them, including from condensation of vapors contained in the air.

2.1.64

In dry, dust-free rooms, in which there are no vapors and gases that negatively affect the insulation and sheath of wires and cables, it is allowed to connect pipes, ducts and flexible metal hoses without sealing.

The connection of pipes, ducts and flexible metal hoses to each other, as well as to ducts, electrical equipment housings, etc. must be performed:

in rooms that contain vapors or gases that negatively affect the insulation or sheathing of wires and cables, in outdoor installations and in places where oil, water or emulsion can get into pipes, boxes and hoses - with a seal; boxes in these cases must have solid walls and sealed solid covers or blind ones, detachable boxes must have seals at the joint points, and flexible metal hoses must be sealed;

in dusty rooms - with sealing of connections and branches of pipes, hoses and boxes to protect against dust.

2.1.65

The connection of steel pipes and boxes used as grounding or neutral protective conductors must comply with the requirements given in this chapter and Ch. 1.7.

6.5 Where openly laid and protected cables pass through building construction, cable penetrations must be provided with a fire resistance limit not lower than the fire resistance limit of these structures (Article 82 of the TR), ensuring the required smoke and gas tightness (clause 37 of PPB 01-03) and meeting the requirements of GOST R 50571.15 and 2.1 PUE.
To do this, in places where pipes and cables pass:
-- through fire walls, ceilings and partitions with a standardized fire resistance limit or their exit to the outside in rooms with a normal environment, lay electrical circuits in sections of pipes for smooth PVC electrical wiring D = 25 (clause 3.18 SNiP 3.05.06-85* ). Seal the gaps between the cables and the pipe with cable glands for PVC pipes. The seal should be made on each side of the pipe;
-- through building structures with a non-standardized fire resistance limit, lay electrical circuits in corrugated PVC pipes d=16. Seal the gaps between the cables and the pipe using TFLEX plugs.
Through combustible walls and partitions - in steel pipes (clause 3.18 of SNiP 3.05.06)
When passing through ceilings, the cable at the point of passage is protected from mechanical damage by casings or boxes to a height of 2 m from the floor.
--for the passage of single cables through walls between production premises with explosion hazardous area class - 2 (according to TROTPB) and V-1a (according to PUE) and rooms with a normal environment, use steel water and gas pipes in accordance with GOST 3262-75 and pipe cable glands, installed on the side of the room with a higher class explosive zone. The gaps between pipes and cables must be sealed using asbestos cord SHAON - 3.0 (according to GOST 1779-83) to a depth of 100-200 mm from the end of the pipe, with a total thickness that ensures the fire resistance of building structures. For a diagram of single cable penetrations, see sheet 16 of the RF project.
--for passing cable assemblies through walls production premises with explosion hazard zone class - 2 (according to TROTPB) and V-1a (according to PUE), use universal solution cable penetrations designed for fire protection of cable line passages and consisting of:
- sealing fire retardant composition Formula KP - for sealing cable passages;
- fire retardant composition Phoenix CE - for additional fire retardant treatment of cables;
- embedded parts - straight all-metal perforated tray LM 500x50.
Installation of cable penetrations should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of technological regulations TRP-10/06 and "Recommendations for the installation and operation of fire-fighting cable penetrations of the KP type" (R5.04.067.10) of RUE "Stroytekhnorm".

Sealing of pipe passages through building structures must be done with non-combustible materials (mortar, cement with sand by volume 1:10, clay with sand - 1:3, clay with cement and sand - 1.5:1:11, expanded perlite with construction plaster- 1:2 or other non-combustible materials) over the entire thickness of the wall or partition immediately after laying cables or pipes (SNiP 3.05.06-85, clause 3.65). Gaps in passages through walls may not be sealed if these walls are not fire barriers.
-- cables are introduced from trenches into buildings through sections of concrete, reinforced concrete or asbestos-cement pipes or through holes in reinforced concrete structures.
--the ends of the pipes must protrude beyond the walls of the building into the trench by at least 0.6 m (Fig. 1). When removing cables from the ground and lifting them onto the wall, they are protected from mechanical damage by a pipe, angle, channel or box to a height of 2 m (Fig. 2).
--passes through wooden walls and partitions are made in sections of steel or asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of at least 100 mm, protruding on both sides from the wall or ceiling by 50 mm, or through a fireproof seal measuring 150x150 mm.