Posters in a frame wall

The jibs in the frame wall stabilize the frame structure and prevent the house from collapsing. The first frame house designs in America were jokingly called balloon ( balloon), as they gave the impression of a flimsy house that could be carried away or broken by any gust of wind. Indeed, all racks, joists and other elements frame house located parallel or at right angles to each other. The only thing that can stabilize the structure is the introduction of an element that will be located at an angle.

As soon as a jib appears in the wall of a frame house, the structure is stabilized and can withstand the lateral force of wind or an earthquake. For early frame houses Jib beams or the external cladding of a house with boards at an angle of 45 degrees (herringbone) were a common element stabilizing the frame. This is not the only solution today:

1) Wooden jib. Usually made from boards with a cross section of 25 x 100 mm. It crashes into the bottom board and top harness and passes at an angle of 45-60 degrees through vertical racks. At first glance, the cross-section of the board for the jib is not enough and there is a desire to take 50 x 100 mm or 50 x 150 mm, just to be sure. But this is an extra waste of boards. An ordinary inch, which is cut into the frames and nailed to each post with two nails, is sufficient. A classic rectangle is formed;

2) Metal jibs. Popular thing in North America. Low cost and high installation speed. It is enough to mark a line with a chalk thread, make a cut and you can install the jib. The difference from wooden ones is that they must be placed crosswise. The fact is that the jib from the board works in both compression and tension. A metal jib can only cope with tension, therefore, in order to cope with loads that can come from different directions, a second jib is installed, which will also work in tension when the load vector changes;

3) External cladding with plywood or osb. This is by far the most common way to stabilize a frame wall. According to the shape of the plate outer skin- rectangles, but in a frame wall they work like a classic triangle. OSB board/ plywood is nailed to the stand and the boards of the bottom trim, forming the legs of a triangle. Nailed to posts with big step The surface of the slab forms a diagonal.

There is no rule that ranks jibs and puts slabs or wood jibs first. The choice is made based on several factors. For example, for cold climates in Canada and the USA, polystyrene boards are used as external cladding, which cannot serve as jibs. And then wooden or metal jibs are introduced into the structure. If for exterior finishing siding is planned, then choose plywood or osb boards, as they provide an excellent surface for nailing the sheathing or the siding itself. By the way, no one forbids using in one frame structure two at the same time different types ukosin For example, frame walls are raised without external cladding slabs, which will only be installed after completion

From the above it is easy to understand that the presence of a jib in wooden house not a whim, but a necessity. Below are the basic recommendations for its correct installation:

• To achieve maximum rigidity of the building, it should be placed at an angle of 45 degrees, but, unfortunately, it is difficult to adhere to the exact value in places where window or door openings are located. For this reason, it is entirely possible to install the jib at an angle of no more than 60 degrees; in this case, an increase in the angle value can be successfully compensated by increasing the number of jib.
• The use of a hollow jib when creating frames is highly discouraged. Hollow ones are excellent for small-sized (most often one-story) buildings, and only if there are flexible connections.
• The jib should fit snugly to the edges of the racks and ceilings, without forming gaps.
• Special grooves must be made not only in the vertical posts, but also in the upper and lower trim. The depth and size of the groove directly depends on the thickness of the jib.
• She has various sizes cross sections, which are always calculated individually for each region. Size calculation depends on requirements based on government building codes and rules. There are no universal meanings.
• The corner ribs are attached to the vertical posts using two or three nails.

During the installation of the jib, the following factors are unacceptable:

• You should not use wood from forests with artificial moisture, since the boards instantly “shrink out”, forming significant gaps in places of tight joints, reducing the reliability of the structure.
• The use of low-quality lumber in construction is prohibited.
• It is not recommended to install in corners as this may compromise the overall stability and durability of the house.

Versatility, durability, safety and reasonable prices make the construction of frame houses the most profitable and practical solution. Our company specializes in construction

Jib - an inclined beam, the purpose of which is to support vertical design or part thereof. In construction they are used to increase the rigidity of the frame. Jib in frame house installed to increase the stability and strength of the frame.

In Russia, frame houses began to be built after many years of their construction in America and Europe. Canadian and Finnish frame technologies have been formed. Vast experience has been accumulated frame construction. All mistakes, shortcomings and their impact on the operation of houses are summarized in the Rules or Code. Some of its provisions have been translated and included in the Code of Rules for the design and construction of frame houses, valid in Russia. The vault allows you to use other people’s experience, build frame houses without mistakes from available materials. Unfortunately, in practice the rules are distorted due to the desire to reduce the cost and simplify construction. Reinterpretation occurs at the level of design, choice of materials, and construction itself. As a result, consumers develop misconceptions about frame technology, operational qualities of such houses.

Racks, joists and ceilings are at right angles or parallel to each other. Without the use of special stabilizing elements, the house may collapse. Such an element is a jib, a bar installed and secured at an angle to the racks. A house with walls containing such strengthening elements can withstand any gusts of wind or earthquakes.

No jibs

Among Russian builders, the opinion has spread that jibs for a frame house are optional. Despite this, such an element of the foundation of the house is extremely necessary. Sheathing with slabs can replace them only when creating small buildings for economic purposes. The absence of jibs for a residential building threatens destruction, which begins with deformation of the interior and exterior finishes and displacement of the heat-insulating layer.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

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In frame houses built at the beginning, jibs were not always used. Instead, the house was sheathed with boards set at 45° in a herringbone pattern. Many years of experience proved the unreliability of this method; it is used for non-residential buildings of small area.

Ways to increase the rigidity of the foundation of a house

To increase the stability of the frame, use:

1. The wooden jib is installed at an angle of 45°. If adjacent walls, door or window openings do not allow this angle to be maintained, it is increased to 60°, sometimes more. The increase in angle should be compensated by installing more elements on the wall. To reliably stabilize the frame, a 25 x 100 mm board, embedded in the boards of the upper and lower trim, is sufficient. The use of planks with a larger cross-section leads to unreasonable costs for materials. The lower edge of the plank is placed closer to the center of the house, the upper edge - to the perimeter. Wooden jibs are strong, slightly weigh down the frame, and can withstand tensile and compressive loads.
2. Metal jibs are most common in North America; in Russia they are rarely used due to their significant weight and susceptibility to corrosion. They are attractive due to their low cost and speed of installation. Metal jibs are also cut into the upper and lower skins, but they are installed in a cross. This is due to the fact that metal strips can only withstand tensile loads and cannot withstand compressive loads. Installing two elements in a cross allows you to compensate for loads in any direction.
3. External sheathing with plywood or oriented strand boards. Attached to the posts and boards of the lower frame, they form a triangle.

Which method to choose depends on specific conditions: building area, climate, purpose, number of floors. A combination of jib material is possible.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

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Jib struts should not be confused with struts. Spacers have a different purpose; they are installed according to completely different rules. The spacer serves to eliminate the spring effect of the boards when high altitude walls (from 3 m).

What does the absence of stabilizing elements or their incorrect installation lead to?

An illiterate approach to the design of frame buildings leads to a loss of strength and durability of the house. In the absence of jibs in load-bearing walls and partitions, the structure does not last even one year. They resist displacement and lateral loads. Engineering calculations taking into account maximum snow and wind loads are required.

What to consider when installing a jib

In order for the jib to reliably strengthen the frame of the building, when installing it, you must follow the rules:

1. The thickness of the plank is up to one-fourth of the wall thickness.
2. The jib is cut flush into the trim boards and wall posts.
3. At least two elements are installed on one wall different sides: tilt one to the left, the other to the right.
4. If the jib is installed before the wall is raised, in a lying position, then it should not be fixed rigidly, so that after installing the wall in a vertical position, the bar can be adjusted.
5. Install jibs with inside walls are more rational from the point of view of the formation of cold bridges. It is more convenient to mount from the outside. The choice of wall side does not affect the diagonal stiffness.

Temporary elements

Temporary jibs support the walls after they are erected until they are permanently secured to the floor joists and the sheathing is installed.

For what purposes do they install jibs in a frame house? When are they necessary, and when can you do without them? What types of jibs are there and how to install them correctly?

The basis of a frame house, as the name suggests, is the internal frame. The strength and durability of the house mainly depends on it. Therefore, it is very important to purchase for the frame quality materials and assemble correctly.

Wood is most often used for the frame. coniferous species, much less often - deciduous species and metal. For racks that take a vertical load, laminated veneer lumber is best suited. Jumpers that distribute the vertical load are made of boards.

Stages of building a frame house:

• foundation installation;
• laying the beams of the lower frame and fastening them to the foundation;
• installation of racks;
• installation of the upper tier;
• strengthening the frame;
• installation ceiling beams and roofing;
• insulation;
• external and internal finishing.

The frame is a rather massive structure made of durable material. Why is additional strengthening of the frame carried out (fifth stage), and is it possible to do without it?

Why are jibs needed?

All parts in the frame are located parallel and perpendicular to each other, so they are not resistant to lateral loads, for example, “walking” of the soil, snow or wind.

To provide the necessary rigidity, jibs are built into the frame. These are diagonal elements that will not only stabilize the structure, but also hold external sides at home from “walking” inside or outside.

If a structure lacks stiffening elements, it may lose its geometry, which will lead to deformation of the external and interior decoration. Strong lateral loads can even “collapse” the house. Less noticeable consequences are heat loss due to damage to the integrity of the insulating layer and a decrease in the durability of the house. Thus, the installation of these elements is completely justified, despite additional expenses materials, labor and time.

Sometimes, instead of jibs, spacers are placed between the racks, which is less labor-intensive. However, such spacers only add vertical stiffness and do not interfere with “folding”.

When is jib installation not required? For small buildings, such as a utility room, garage, toilet. If the house uses slanting external sheathing. If facing material strong and large in size, such as OSB-3 boards or durable plywood.

Installation of permanent jibs

Let's look at how to properly install jibs that will remain in the house throughout their entire service life.

Rigidity elements should be installed not only in external walls, but also in partitions.

Ideally, the installation angle is 45°. However, due to window and doorways it is not always possible to comply with it. In this case, you can increase the angle to 60°.

Installation is carried out from the center of the lower wall beam to upper corners. As a result, the stiffening elements form a right triangle with the corner post.

In places where door and window frames are installed, it is better to direct the jib from the corners to these openings in order to further secure these elements.

For a tight fit, it is necessary to cut the jibs into the frame elements, cutting out grooves of the required depth and width. Correctly mounted jibs fit tightly to the frame elements and do not interfere with the sheathing.

At least two parts must be placed on each wall and placed along the edges, where the outer corners are located.

To ensure that the house is stabilized in both directions, one jib per external wall do it with a slant to the left, the other at the opposite end of the same wall - with a slant to the right.

For ease of installation, it is better to place the stiffening elements with outside walls However, if you follow the laws of thermophysics, it is more effective to install them from the inside. This way they will increase the heat transfer of insulated walls less.

Fastening is done with nails: 2-3 pcs. for connection to the stand and 3 pcs. – with upper and lower trim. Self-tapping screws cannot be used for the construction of a frame house.

Sometimes builders make stiffeners from leftover boards and attach them only in accessible places. You can't do that. It is necessary to use boards whose length is at least one third longer than the distance from the floor to the ceiling of the house.

The stiffening elements must be solid, without voids. Best material for them - a board made of coniferous wood 25 mm thick. In thicker and, accordingly, expensive boards not necessary. Firstly, even such materials perform their functions perfectly. Secondly, the jib cuts into the frame, and the greater its thickness, the greater the likelihood of the frame weakening.

The boards must be well dried. If they are too wet, then as they dry further, the gap between them and the frame elements expands and the rigidity of the structure decreases.

The insulation along the edges of the boards used for expansion and rigidity must be trimmed to their thickness. Otherwise, air pockets will form along the edges, which will negatively affect the thermal insulation of the house.

Installation of temporary jibs

Temporary stiffening connections are installed at the third stage of construction if permanent ones are not planned. They secure the corner and intermediate posts so that they do not “walk” until the top trim is attached.

In addition, temporary elements are installed for alignment frame walls. This avoids distortions that complicate interior finishing.

How to make temporary jibs? First you need to level the corners using a plumb line or level. Then the boards are mounted, overlay, in increments of 1.2 to 1.5 m. It is better not to skimp on their quantity. They are attached to the top and lower harness nails. Before covering, temporary embedded elements are removed.

The reliability of a frame house, the degree of its resistance to wind, snow, and other adverse weather conditions, and the service life of such a structure are determined by the rigidity of its structure. The most popular method of strengthening the frame is installing jibs. Let's figure out whether it's worth spending your time and energy on installing jib bars or whether you can do without them.

What are jibs and what are they like?

Jib frames are additional components of a house frame that increase the reliability of the structure and increase the service life of the building. These elements are usually mounted at an angle of 45°, this figure changes to 60° if the jibs are installed next to door or window openings, as well as with places of wall junctions.

Most often, the jib is wooden beam, made from a board with a section of 25 by 100 mm. In most cases, this size is optimal and the use of larger frame strengthening elements is, as a rule, impractical. Jib beams with the mentioned cross-section strengthen the structure of the house, but do not weigh it down and do not create additional load on the foundation.

Jibs made of metal are also used. They are heavier and unpopular in Russia. In the USA, on the contrary, metal jibs are mostly found. The advantage of such jibs is their low price and high installation speed.

The disadvantage of these jibs in comparison with wooden ones is that the latter resist both compression and tension, while metal ones only resist tension. Therefore, when installing metal jibs, you have to place them crosswise for adequate resistance to the changing load vector. In addition, before installing metal components, it is necessary to carry out additional work on waterproofing.

Jibs can be installed either permanently or temporarily. The need to install temporary jibs arises if tiled wall cladding (OSB boards) has not yet been installed, but the frame structure needs to be strengthened while this work is being carried out.

Why you can’t do without cuttings

The frame house itself is a fairly strong structure, but its structure also requires strengthening. The fact is that the frame components before installing the jib are located only parallel and perpendicular to each other. This arrangement of frame elements makes it unstable to ground displacements, wind and other “transverse” loads.

If there are no elements in the frame of the building that provide rigidity, then such a house is at risk of losing the geometry of the structure and deformation of both the external and internal decoration. It is possible that under the influence of serious lateral loads the house may “fold”.

The lack of frame rigidity leads to a decrease in the durability of the house structure as a whole. Not so radical, but quite unpleasant consequences of the lack of frame strengthening are heat losses due to the fact that the thermal insulation layer loses its integrity when the walls move.

The result of incorrect distribution of jib beams and their insufficient quantity

So, the result correct installation jib is:

· preventing vibrations and destruction of walls under the influence of weather factors;

· no wall deformation and internal partitions under loads;

· increasing the rigidity of load-bearing structures;

· more reliable fastening of heat-insulating materials inside the walls;

· ensuring uniform load distribution between frame elements.

After installing the jibs, the frame house building will successfully withstand strong winds, landslides and even earthquakes. Snow accumulated on the roof in winter time, will also not pose a threat to the integrity of the house.

Is it possible to refuse cuttings?

In the role of jibs in Lately Plywood sheathing or OSB (oriented strand board) is becoming increasingly popular. The use of plywood is more justified, since it has a higher coefficient of spatial rigidity compared to chipboard and OSB.

However, even those frame houses that are sheathed with high-quality plywood, but lack jibs, often cannot withstand the impacts of the elements, although they are adapted for normal loads under normal conditions.

Jib beams can only be omitted during the construction of small frame structures that are not residential buildings, but have, for example, an economic purpose. So, frame garages, sheds or toilets can easily get by with sheathing without installing jibs, because due to small area load-bearing elements they are less susceptible to wind and other weather loads.

Consequences of hurricane winds

You should know that the sheathing must be made of strong material, supplied in the form of relatively large components. Finishing elements should be positioned similarly to the jibs - at an angle of 45°

Typical problems

In order for the jibs to truly perform their function efficiently and justify the financial and labor investments in their installation, you should strictly adhere to the basic rules for installing these structures.

Here are some installation secrets:

· the jibs must be cut into the upper and lower horizontal frame frames and into the vertical posts - this is the only way the frame will become as rigid as possible;

· installation of the jib from the inside is less convenient, but ensures a guaranteed absence of “cold bridges”;

· when attaching the jib to frame elements You should use only nails, not self-tapping screws;

· It is quite enough to install only two multi-directional jibs on one wall. Larger number reinforcing elements are unlikely to significantly increase the degree of rigidity of the frame;

· installation must be done from the central part of the lower beam to the corners at the top. This installation order will ensure the formation of a right triangle between the stiffening elements and the corner post;

· if the jibs are installed exclusively on external walls structures, then most of the static load falls on them, and not on the internal partitions.

Remember: installation of jibs does not at all guarantee the protection of the house from external loads if the material of these elements is selected incorrectly or the installation process is carried out with errors.

Consequences of errors in material selection and installation:

· the use of hollow jib - the degree of their wear resistance is low;

· a similar problem occurs when choosing jibs with a small cross-section and, in general, low-quality lumber;

· choice of strips or metal strips as jib for big houses- such reinforcing elements are more suitable for small buildings;

· the use of poorly dried wood - after drying, gaps form in the joint areas of the components and the rigidity of the structure decreases;

· installing jibs in the corners is fraught with a decrease in the stability of the structure as a whole.

It is obvious that the use of jib - required condition strengthening a frame residential building. Structures in which such a solution was implemented will last quite a long time long term, during which they will successfully withstand the elements and other loads. Thus, the jib will actually insure the owner against much greater losses than those associated with the manufacture and installation of these elements.

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