In a multi-storey and attic house a staircase is a necessary attribute of architecture to connect rooms located on adjacent floors. Also useful in two-story townhouses or cottages. It is necessary that it provides convenience and safety, and fits correctly into the interior of the house. If you do not comply necessary rules or neglect mathematical calculations, the staircase will be built crookedly, and you will need to spend a large amount of money to redo everything. Required building codes must be followed.

Modular stairs will not require you to spend a lot of money. You only need to assemble the product from ready-made parts, completing all necessary instructions supplier. There are kits that ensure the production of spiral or marching staircases. A complete set of fastening elements and necessary structures is included. If you are a novice builder or building for the first time wooden stairs, then no one will advise you to do the screw version.

At limited space in an apartment it is better to entrust the matter professional builders. The installers will do everything for you in accordance with GOSTs and SNiPs.

Or you can choose a shallow view. Installing a sloping vehicle on the second floor will require a lot of space. But it will be convenient to go up and down. If you have a small space in your home, you need to make a two-flight staircase. The width of the staircase should be at least 1 meter so that you can bring large furniture and large equipment into the house.

A beginner cannot do repairs to even the simplest staircase himself. However, if you have already made one or more stairs according to the instructions above, you can try more difficult task: Creation spiral staircase with your own hands.

Installation: DIY wooden stairs

First of all, you need to design the staircase. Errors at the stage of planning and preparation of building materials are the cause of failures at subsequent stages. We suggest making stairs with risers so that the structure is held firmly. It is best to make a staircase structure using stringers.

Must be correct sizes such elements:

• Ladder:
• Tilt angle;
• Width of steps.

We determine the height of the stairs; to do this, we fix a horizontal board as the beginning of the structure. Having adjusted the board, we measure the height of the stairs. To prevent the level from dangling in the air, it must be secured to the board with tape. A suitable option will be if the angle of inclination is no more than 37 degrees. A slope of 45° will be inconvenient for descent. And if the angle of inclination is less than 30°, then walking on the stairs will be dangerous. The width of the step is taken according to medium length human feet. And the height is selected based on the height one simple step. The risers can be made from any coniferous wood.

Handmade production and installation of wooden stairs

To make stringers, we will take pine boards 40mm wide. Stringers are the main part of the stairs, which bear most of the total load when walking. Let's draw a pattern in accordance with the designed steps. After this, the markings are applied to the boards and electric jigsaw teeth are cut out. All elements must be symmetrical.

Therefore, having made one stringer, you use it as a template for making others. The more load-bearing structures, all the better. Therefore, it is advisable to have four stringers.

When you have cut them all out and plane them, you must attach the stringers.

If necessary, dismantle anything that may be obstructing the wall or floor. At the very bottom of the stairs there will be a beam. Make several recesses in it for the stringers, or cut out corners in the stringers for fastening. The stringers also need to be securely fastened to the ceiling. The first stringer is attached directly to the wall. The support bars on the floor and ceiling must be properly secured. The stronger the better. The stringers should be parallel to each other. Next you can do the steps.

Installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor

You can buy ready-made steps (or treads, the same thing) and risers at a construction supermarket. Take the price list, select products from quality and inexpensive material. Alternatively, you can cut it yourself or entrust it to installers.

A standard step must have certain standards and match the width of the staircase being built between two stringers. That is, the width should be 30cm, length in the range of 80-120cm, and thickness 3-4cm.

Now you can assemble the ladder. It is necessary that the risers have good strength and be protected from moisture. The blanks must be attached to the stringers with self-tapping screws and nails. They all need to be secured. Then you can attach the treads with nails and screws so that the caps are deep in the wood and do not protrude.

How to secure a staircase post and baluster

To ensure the strength of the stairs and fences of the structure, pillars are installed for support. Often wood does not guarantee against pillar cracks and is sometimes subject to deformation. Therefore, if you are making your own staircase posts, you will need two straight boards that need to be glued together. Usually a standard part is used as a pillar, which is made on a machine.

The base of the pillar should be of such a size that handrails are attached to the so-called square. The support column must have the following standards: height size 1000 - 13000mm, and section size from 70x70mm to 120x120mm. It is advisable to purchase poles and handrails from the store.

On the extreme parts of the steps, markings are made where balusters and pillars for support will be installed. Next, holes are drilled. After this, dowels are inserted into them, which protrude approximately 15mm. Next, holes are made in the balusters with a drill. The pillars are installed at the beginning and end of the stairs. The bases of the balusters are lubricated with glue and placed on dowels. The balusters are placed in a vertical position parallel to each other. We are waiting for the glue to dry.

After this, the railings are made. The edges must be cut at an angle. The railings are glued to the balusters, then you need to screw them from below with a thin self-tapping screw. support pillar below is installed in last resort. Finally, varnish is applied to the wood. We can use paint to make the stairs dark brown.

Quick repair of a wooden staircase: conclusion

Watch the video again with the repair rules. You can always entrust the job to builders. They will help you repair it if something goes wrong. Mistakes should not be made, because an improperly repaired staircase can lead to injury. And when making stairs with the help of builders, if you are injured due to a collapse of the structure, you can go to court.

Even if you did everything correctly, and the builders helped you, any thing requires repair. Wooden staircase, among others. The need to get rid of old varnish will bring little trouble. But sometimes you need to completely renovate the steps. You can dismantle them and install new ones. If you decide to repair the stairs, then you should take into account factors such as the degree of wear and material capabilities.

Aluminum edges are useful to get rid of uneven steps.

One-piece profiles are difficult to use, which you cannot do yourself. The split profile makes installation easy.

Installation of wooden stairs(video)

If your steps begin to creak, most likely the joining parts are moving. This may be due to increased humidity in the house. There are also such phenomena as leaking roofs and more. Between two rubbing surfaces it is necessary to lay an elastic mass with inside stairs. In any case, whether you do it yourself or with outside help, contact the installers for help.

Good luck with your renovation!

No building can do without a staircase: in one-story buildings, stairs are needed in order to safely descend into basement or go up to the attic, and in multi-storey buildings and multi-level apartments, the staircase is the only element for moving to another floor. What dimensions should a safe and comfortable lifting installation have and how to assemble stairs of different designs and materials with your own hands - read the article.

Standards for installing stairs are determined by GOSTs, building codes and regulations. Adhering to those approved in them optimal sizes to make stairs, you can assemble with your own hands a structure that is safe and comfortable for use by every family member (both adults, children, and the elderly).

So, properly designed and installed ladder must have:

1. The width of the flight of stairs is 1.25-1.50 meters. The width can be reduced to 760-800 cm for stairs leading to utility rooms, basement, into the attic through the ceiling hatch.
2. The height of the risers is within 15-20 cm and the depth of the treads is 25-35 cm.
3. Be tilted at an angle of 35-45 degrees.
4. Have handrails 900 cm high, located at a distance of at least 15 cm.
5. Have a passage height of 2 meters or at least 5 cm greater than the height of the tallest resident.

Besides, safety ladder must have railings and be well lit.

It is better to entrust the design of a staircase to professionals who can correctly calculate any structure in accordance with the standards and wishes of the resident.

Installation of stairs in a house to the second floor: metal frame and its assembly

Metal is an excellent material for creating a lifting element with high level load capacity, long service life. A staircase of any design can be installed on a metal frame: from a simple one (on one or two stringers and beams) to a cantilever one.

The assembly of a typical staircase on a metal frame involves the following sequence:

1. Cutting materials according to the calculated project.
2. Installation of the transition platform frame. Welding bases and rectangular frame.
3. Installation of stringers. For strength, the stringers can be connected with brackets to the walls adjacent to the stairs.
4. Manufacturing and welding fillets at equal distances from each other.
5. Installation on the corners of crossbars and brackets for installing steps.
6. Sanding and priming of metal, painting if necessary.
7. Installation of treads and risers (if the structure is closed).
8. Installation of balusters and railings.
9. Painting the structure in desired color or varnishing wooden steps.

To cover a metal frame at home, plasterboard and wood are most often used. In addition, a metal staircase can be made with glass steps and railings. For the extraordinary modern interiors You can choose metal mesh as the material for the steps.

How to install a wooden staircase

Almost any wooden staircase: from simple structures to spiral ones (for example, the LS-01u staircase from the Temp company) can be installed by yourself.

In order to assemble a wooden staircase with your own hands, you need to stock up on: cut-up elements, a screwdriver and metal corners, anchors, studs, screws and nails. You can cut the wood for the stairs yourself at home (if you want to save a little and, along with the work, not pay business tax). Or you can order ready-made parts from professionals: an experienced carpenter will make elements even for a complex structure.

Before work, an estimate must be drawn up that will prepare the resident for upcoming expenses.

Installation of a wooden two-flight staircase with an intermediate platform includes the following steps:

1. Installation of the intermediate platform. A rectangular platform is placed on the supporting beams, reinforced in the middle with stiffening ribs.
2. Installation of stringers. Stringers are attached to finished floors with help metal corners. The strings along the walls are fixed to them using screwdrivers.
3. Installation of slopes along the perimeter of the passage to the second floor (the height of the slopes should be equal to the thickness of the floor of the second floor, on a flight of stairs - the height of the riser).
4. Installation of formwork (risers if the stairs are closed and floors for open structures).
5. Installation of steps on formwork. The treads are mounted using nails and screws or cut into strings.
6. Sanding and puttying of the structure.
7. Installation of balusters, fences and handrails using anchors or studs.
8. Painting the stairs in the desired color and coating the structure with several layers of varnish.

To make the staircase stronger, the stringers can be tied together with metal, threaded ties at a distance of several steps.

Assembling stairs on modules

Stairs made from ready-made modules are a simple solution for self-installation. Such structures are distinguished by their high load capacity, durability, and quick assembly (the structure can be assembled in 3-4 hours). And, if necessary, dismantling the installation can be done quickly and easily.

Included in the set modular stairs includes steps, modules (stringers and vertical supports), bolts, railings, intermediate plates, fasteners and plugs. From one set you can assemble up to four types of structures (with different angles turn). Often, modular stairs come with step-by-step instruction or an assembly diagram that allows you to correctly mark and install the elements of the set.

Assembly of modular stairs occurs according to the type of constructor:

1. Stringers are assembled from the modules and placed on supports.
2. The supports are screwed to the floor and walls using a screwdriver.
3. Each module is equipped with intermediate plates, which are secured with countersunk screws.
4. The steps are fixed on the platforms, and bolts are passed through their edges.
5. The railing posts are installed on the rails and secured with a bolt and washer from below.
6. Handrails are installed on the railing posts.

Modular structures can be ordered from companies that have positive reviews and a patent for the manufacture and sale of stairs (for example, the companies LLC Zodchiy, Arlion).

Installation of stairs outside the house

Installation method external staircase depends on the material of manufacture and the appearance of the structure. Thus, simple metal stairs (for example, for a fire exit) are installed quickly and easily. While the installation of ceremonial structures entrance group can take quite a lot of time and effort. Most often, entrance stairs are made of concrete.

Build process concrete stairs includes:

1. Carrying out calculations and drawing up drawings.
2. Laying a platform for the stairs made of crushed stone and sand.
3. Installation of durable and rigid formwork.
4. Installation of reinforcement along the march and supporting beams of the formwork.
5. Pouring the structure with concrete (starting from the bottom step).
6. Installation of railings and finishing.

You can decorate the entrance staircase with wood, natural or artificial stone, brick or any other material with a rough surface. Concrete steps can be additionally equipped with anti-slip thresholds: this will increase the level of safety of the stairs in winter.

Important! Formwork and supports can be removed no earlier than three days after the structure has been poured with concrete.

DIY staircase assembly (video)

The staircase is the main architectural element in any home. The installation of the structure can be ordered from trusted companies, or you can save money and assemble the stairs yourself. Moreover, the assembly of some installations (for example, modular) does not take much effort and time. The choice is yours. The main thing is that the resulting design is reliable and its operation comfortable!

The interfloor staircase is an important part of a private house. It should be comfortable for adults and children. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of lifting large objects along it. The most popular materials for making stairs inside the house are wood and metal. In this article we will look at how to make a staircase to the second floor in a private house with your own hands.

Requirements for interfloor stairs

For comfortable and safe operation stairs inside the house, it must meet a number of requirements:

• high-quality lighting of all spans;
• the width of the flight of stairs must be at least 80 cm;
• a staircase with 3 or more steps is equipped with railings, the height of which is at least 90 cm;
• The inclination of the stairs is also regulated; the degree of rise is 38-45°. The ascent to the attic or attic can be equipped with a staircase with a degree of inclination of 65-74°;
• for ease of ascent, it is advisable to make the number of steps in a flight an odd number.

Advice: before making the stairs to the second floor in wooden house, need to calculate load-bearing capabilities interfloor ceilings. Most often, lightweight metal or entirely wooden structures are installed.

Wooden staircase. Features of the material

The leader in popularity for the manufacture of interfloor stairs in country houses and multi-level apartments are made of wood. It has been used for many centuries. But in order for a product made from it to be durable, it is important to observe a number of nuances.

• The wood has a beautiful appearance and does not require expensive finishing. Depending on the type of wood, it has a different pattern and natural shade. All this can be played out and preserved by covering the material with transparent varnish. Thanks to the ability to artistically process wood, real masterpieces are created from it in the form of carved balusters and other decorative elements. In addition, a wooden staircase creates additional comfort in the room and is indispensable when design solutions in country style.

• A wooden interfloor staircase is especially preferable if the floor is made of logs. The low weight of the structure in this case is an important argument. In addition, to install it you will not need any equipment (faucet, automixer). But it's worth considering specific gravity different breeds wood, so an oak structure is almost similar in weight to a metal structure of the same size.
• Can be installed even if finishing repairs in the flight of stairs is finished. Since it is not expected dirty work, which are inevitable when welding metal stairs or pouring concrete steps.
• Relatively low price compared to others. Wood is optimal when combining price and quality. The cheapest will be pine, but it can release resin. From budget options It is better to give preference to birch.

Choosing wood for interfloor stairs

• Premium wooden stairs have a higher price. This is a staircase that becomes the central decorative element of the house. For its manufacture, only expensive and especially beautiful wood is used, such as oak, ash or beech. It is made using carved technique, providing the structure with a large number of decorative elements.
• In the ranking of beautiful and durable, beech and oak share first place. But ash surpasses them in the beauty of the design, while not inferior in density.

• In the cheaper price category are larch, birch and pine. They have lower strength characteristics. But the main argument when choosing them is lower, and as a consequence, affordable price most home owners.
• Pine is the softest wood, so it is often used for temporary stairs. But they make beautiful balusters from it that will decorate the structure for many years. But to create the steps and frame, you should choose birch.

DIY wooden staircase to the second floor

Materials and tools for wooden stairs

• It is best to buy ready-made steps, but if this is not possible, then timber with a cross-section of 40 mm is purchased for their manufacture;
• board 40 mm thick in quantity equal to the calculated amount for the project;
• beams 30 mm thick for treads;
• beams 25-30 mm for risers;
• block for strings and stringers 50x250 mm;
• balusters and handrails;
• wood screws;
• jigsaw;
• screwdriver;
• chisel, hammer;
• level, plumb line, square, tape measure, pencil;
• sanding paper, brushes and finishing material.

Calculation of interfloor stairs

• First you need to decide on the angle of inclination. As stated above, the preferred tilt angle is approximately 40°. But most often the calculation has to be made from the existing dimensions allocated for the flight of stairs and ceiling height.
• The minimum width of a flight of stairs is 80 cm, but 125-150 cm is considered comfortable.
• Now there are many online calculators for calculating stairs. It's enough to score there the desired height ceiling and the desired height of the steps (15-20 cm). And the program will produce a 3D model with all dimensions.

Wooden staircase design to the second floor photo

How to make a straight staircase to the second floor

Let's look at the example of building a simple straight staircase without winder steps or landings.

• Installation of stringers. Take a beam, measure the total length and cut it off. You also need to immediately cut off the width of the tread (the thickness of the step itself, usually 4 cm). In the general calculation, the width of the steps was not initially taken into account, and if this does not play any role in the future, then for the first step this is an important point.
• Cutting openings for steps in a stringer. This is done using a square. It marks the height of the riser and the width of the step. The marks are transferred to the stringer and cut out with a jigsaw. The cut areas are sanded or milled, rounding the edges. Then the stringers are placed on permanent place, securing it to the floor from below, and from above to the opening in the ceiling using anchors. It would be good if the ladder was attached to the wall along its entire length.
• Installing the bowstring. Bowstrings are measured according to the length of the stringers. Apply to the stringers and mark the places where the steps are attached. Recesses are made in the title for them.
• Fastening the risers. They are made from a beam of appropriate width. It is sawn into separate elements, sanded and attached with self-tapping screws to the stringer. To prevent the fasteners from being noticeable, you need to tighten them slightly, deepening the caps a little in order to putty them later.

• Installation of steps. Beams or boards are laid on the risers, and after fastening they are sanded. But there is a high risk that the wood will shrink, which will lead to cracks and creaking. Therefore, it is better to buy ready-made steps, made of laminated wood.
• Fastening the railings. Then balusters or other railings are attached to the steps using studs. Handrails are placed and screwed on top.

DIY installation of stairs to the second floor video

Finishing of a wooden staircase

Wood is a complete finishing material. Finishing work, often come down to only emphasizing the design and applying a protective layer.

If the material is damaged, cracked or chipped, they are puttied to match the color of the wood. After coating with tinted varnish or stain, these defects become invisible.

Stages of work

• Upon completion of the staircase assembly, everything wooden elements sanding. Then wipe with a damp cloth to completely remove all dust.

• If there are defects, they are immediately filled with putty and left for a day until the composition has completely hardened.
• Then you can go in two ways: first, tint the stairs with stain, and then apply a protective transparent varnish, or ask the store to tint the varnish. The second option is preferable, since the work will go faster and the color will be the same on all elements.
• The varnish for the treads is chosen to be very wear-resistant - floor or deck. After applying 1 layer and completely dry, the steps must be sanded with fine sandpaper. Then a second layer of varnish is applied.

Tip: it is quite difficult to apply tinted varnish evenly; even when using a brush with very fine bristles, traces of strokes will be noticeable. It is recommended to use a spray gun.

Metal interfloor staircase

To make a ladder from metal you need to have welding skills. In addition, this design is more complex and expensive to implement. But it has a number of significant advantages over its wooden counterpart:

• high strength and longer service life;
• technical characteristics ensure resistance to heavy loads;
• reliability of connection points;
• the ability to create various designs;
• allows you to extend the installation process. So, during repair work, in order not to pollute the steps, you can only climb along the frame. And after finishing install steps;
• the metal frame of the staircase will guarantee that creaking will not appear over time.

Types of metal interfloor stairs

The appearance of the staircase depends only on the imagination and interior design into which it should fit harmoniously. But its design depends on the location.

• Installation location. Inside the house, the staircase is convenient to use all year round and it becomes a decorative element. Their outdoor location allows them to save living space; they are often installed to be lifted from the balcony to the attic floor.
• Manufacturing methods. Most often, welded stairs are made. The easiest way is to make them yourself right on the spot. Forged structures are more elegant, but are made in workshops in advance.
• Finishing. In staircases without finishing, it is stipulated that the frame will be visible, which means it must be made of very high quality from an aesthetic point of view. With finishing flights of stairs They are completely closed on all sides; it is not uncommon to set up a room under it with a door for storing things or food.

• By build type. One-piece, they are sold in ready-made sections and assembled on site. In this case, her exact dimensions you need to know at the stage of designing a house. The teams consist of large quantity parts and connecting elements, which allows you to create a structure of the desired height.
• Difference in design. Marching ones are either a staircase with a turning platform or with winder steps. Spiral staircases are the most compact, since the flight is located around one central support pillar.

DIY metal interfloor staircase

Before assembling the stairs to the second floor, you need to prepare everything necessary tools and materials:

• welding machine;
• grinder, drill;
• square, level;
• electrodes, metal screws, cutting and cleaning discs for grinders;
• channel, metal pipe;
• metal corner;
• sheet metal.

Tip: the quantity and characteristics of the material depend on the type staircase design, on the number of steps and finishing. Thus, stone is much heavier than wood, and when finishing it, the staircase frame must be stronger than when facing it with wood.

Theoretically, the ladder can be made in two ways: welded in advance and already in finished form installed on site or manufactured in stages directly in the installation area. The second option is preferable, as it allows, if necessary, to make adjustments.

Stages of work

• First, the type of frame is determined. If present winder steps, then what their location will be (rotate by 90° or rotate by 180°).
• Using the program and known dimensions, a sketch is created. It is recommended to entrust this stage to a professional designer.
• In accordance with the project, the required amount of metal is purchased, and if necessary, it is immediately cleaned from scale and rust with a grinder. Drawings of the elements are transferred to it and sawed. At this stage it is important to mark all parts of the structure.
• If there is a platform, then first its frame is made and installed in the flight of stairs. Next, beams are mounted from the floor to it, acting as stringers.

• Next, the required number of identical fillies are produced at once - these are triangular elements that will serve as a support for future steps. They are welded along the entire length of the stringer. It is very important to position them correctly, so first you just need to grab them pointwise in a couple of places, check the evenness with a square and only then make a quality seam. They can also be welded to the frame or secured with bolts. The work is carried out from the bottom up, installing the lower fillies, placing a board on them and standing on it, and so gradually moving up to the top.
• If it is necessary to achieve greater rigidity of the steps, then a steel corner is welded between the fillies, which also acts as a support for the step.
• Then comes metal processing. All seams are cleaned, then treated with acetone, an anti-rust agent and primed. After that it is painted.
• Attach the steps to the bolts from below. Then the railings and decorative elements are installed.

Layout of the staircase to the second floor in a private

Finishing of a metal staircase

Tiling a metal staircase:

• Laying the tiles begins from the bottom up. First, it is attached to the riser between the floor and the first tread. Then the tiles are laid along the width of the entire first step and only then the next tread is attached. This method allows for the most efficient application of glue and the absence of sawed edges of the tiles;
• since a metal staircase will vibrate when walking on it, the tile adhesive must be special and of high strength;
• It will not be possible to complete all the cladding in one stage. Since you will have to leave room for walking on the edge until the tile adhesive has completely set in other areas.

Cladding a metal staircase with wood:

• Attaching a wooden tread to a metal step from below would be the best option, since the fixation point will be invisible. To do this, the metal step is pre-drilled in 8 places (4 on each side of the center, at a distance of 25 cm from each other). A wooden step is placed on top and attached to the bottom through the holes with self-tapping screws;
• If fastening from below is not possible, you will have to drill through the wooden step from above along with the metal. To do this, it should be firmly fixed to a metal platform. To hide the heads of the self-tapping screws, drill a 5 mm recess from above with a drill of a larger diameter. The tread is fastened with metal screws, and the head is puttied. Or use special wooden overlays.

Interfloor concrete staircase

• Concrete stairs are very heavy and can only be erected in houses with reinforced concrete floors.
• They are built immediately after the frame of the house with the roof is ready.
• Once the solution has set, it can be used.
• Over time, concrete stairs will not begin to creak like wooden ones, and when stepped on, vibrations will not form like iron ones.
• Due to their solidity, such stairs are considered safer, and if the cladding is damaged, it can be easily repaired.
• But it will not be possible to make a staircase from concrete in a small opening.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make an interfloor concrete staircase

• When all the calculations have been made, according to the project, the formwork of the entire flight of stairs is done. It is made from boards 20-30 mm thick.
• Reinforcement is laid inside the future steps. It can be knitted from a metal or fiberglass rod.
• The lower stage is poured first. While the solution is soft, it is pierced with a metal trowel to remove air bubbles and compact it as much as possible.

• After this, the poured step is covered with film and a board longer than the steps is placed on top so that it rests on the formwork and can be stepped on to fill the next step. The entire staircase is built in this way.

Finishing of concrete stairs

• After dismantling the formwork, the staircase has a massive and unrefined appearance. Careful finishing will be required not only of all elements (steps, risers), but also of all places adjacent to the walls.
• The choice of material depends on the configuration of the staircase. If it is straight, then there will be no problems, but if there are winder and turning steps, facing material should cut easily.
• Also, the coating of the treads themselves must be non-slip and resistant to mechanical stress.
• IN Lately It became popular to finish stairwells with the same material that was used on the floors of both floors.
• The degree of noise is also important. If wooden steps or covered with carpet almost completely absorb the noise of footsteps, then stone or finished tiles, on the contrary, can enhance it.

Using roll material, it is worth gluing it very carefully. If even a small fragment comes off, it can cause a fall. Most often, this is carpet with a high degree of abrasion resistance (wool carpets are not suitable for stairs). It is allowed to veneer the steps cork covering, but not rolled, but with greater thickness in mats.

Quite often people install wooden stairs in their homes. This design is characterized by a long service life, reliability and high strength characteristics. Don't forget about aesthetic beauty.

Installing a staircase requires accurate calculation of design parameters and compliance with all installation rules.

At first glance, installing stairs of this type may seem like a simple task. There are no special parts or mechanisms here. Simple railings and the steps themselves are combined into a single design. However, installing it is actually quite difficult, since during the installation process you have to deal with numerous nuances that must be taken into account. So, let's look at how to install a ladder.

Scheme of a wooden staircase.

But first, about the necessary supplies for work:

• roulette;
• hacksaw;
• square;
• grinder;
• perforator;
• hammer;
• level and others.

Installation of wooden stairs

Even behind such a simple design there is a very complex technological process. It is best if such work is entrusted to specialists. They will decorate the house with the highest quality and in the shortest possible time. However, in this situation, numerous unforeseen expenses may arise. Installing a wooden staircase for your home with your own hands is the best solution to the problem.

A lot depends on how well the wooden staircase is installed near the house. First of all, this concerns the operation and reliability of the design. If the installation is carried out incorrectly, that is, a person does not adhere to the technology, this can lead to a change in the aesthetic appearance, as well as damage.

When installing a wooden staircase for your home, you must adhere to the following rules:

Table showing proper design of stair treads.

1. It is best to carry out the installation by specialists who work for an organization that designs stairs. In this case, they will be responsible for their construction.
2. The installation of the structure is carried out in the place that was originally described in the contract, since all structural elements are made for it.
3. The ladder must be transported to its destination disassembled. In this case, the likelihood of damage to its structural elements is reduced. In this case, the installation of the structure is made from ready-made components.
4. If a person applies for work to a company that makes ready-made flights of stairs, then he will definitely first need to make grooves in the mounting beams for their installation.
5. Only after the railings have been finally adjusted to the floor level can you begin to install the flights of stairs. When adjusting the lower string, it is imperative to take into account the fact that flooring can be laid on the floor.
6. Before you begin installing a flight of stairs, you must make a fence. Only after it has been adjusted perfectly to future design, you can continue further work.
7. To obtain durable and reliable design It is imperative to screw the marches onto self-tapping screws. This makes the structure more durable and rigid. They are fastened in several places around the perimeter, connected through a support post and through a bowstring to the wall.

Methods of fastening structural parts

Options for attaching steps to the string.

Let's look at how the main elements of the staircase are fastened. Any structure that is installed at home or near it has the same structure.

Moreover we're talking about not necessarily about a wooden staircase. There are always inclined parts and steps here. Another way to call them flights of stairs and platforms. Depending on how the spans are organized, the structures can be single-flight, double-flight or three-flight. There are several different methods for attaching steps:

• they can rest on the bowstrings at both ends;
• one end is attached to the stringer, and the other to the wall;
• one end is embedded in the wall, and the other hangs freely; this method cannot always be used; it is only appropriate if the thickness of the wall is very large.

Methods of attaching steps to a stringer.

Before final assembly staircases for the home must take into account the fact that it must withstand all the loads that await it. After all, not only do people walk on such structures, but also loads move. The rigidity is very important. All grooves that are intended for fastening structural elements with bowstrings must be made in such a way that the elements fit into them with tension, that is, as tightly as possible. Their depth must be the same, and the grooves themselves must have a flat plane. This is true for all cases, including when using glue to attach structural elements. It will evenly fill the grooves, giving them the required rigidity and strength. If another fastening method is used, then it is worth using the wedging method.

In this situation, the grooves are made in the form of a trapezoid. Its top will be in front of the bowstring. After installation, the process of wedging begins. After everything is thoroughly coated with glue, we can say that the result is a fairly strong and powerful structure. You can always use nails or screws as additional fasteners.

However, in this case, the appearance of the stairs may deteriorate. To prevent this from happening, the caps must be buried in the wood and then covered with special covers. Now the aesthetics will be at their best. The appearance of the entire structure will not be spoiled. To increase the strength of the ladder, several nails or screws are used for fastening.

Installation of stairs: features

Scheme of fastening the railing posts, lower and upper.

So let's consider self-installation stairs. This is done quite simply. Moreover, all components of the structure are supplied ready-made, but disassembled. Here you need to be extremely careful to comply with all the nuances of the technology.

The first stage is the preparation of the upper and lower marches. The side parts must strictly comply with the parameters of the opening. Markings must first be applied, according to which preparation is carried out. If it is not made by the manufacturer, then you need to do it yourself.

Now we need to move on to preparing the upper support post. Grooves are cut into it, which will serve to fasten the upper span.

For marking, you can use a regular pencil.

It is used to apply horizontal line on the bottom edge of the groove. Then you need to measure the distance from the ceiling to the floor and draw another line. It should be equal to this distance. Risers are installed in all grooves, and then their lower part is sawn to size.

The assembly of modern stairs for the home is carried out using glue. Only high quality material is used. All structural elements must be glued in the following sequence:

• the upper support post is connected to the side structural elements;
• then fencing and railings are added;
• connect the lower ends of the railing and the lower support post;
• The side parts of the structure and the lower stand are glued together.

Only in this sequence should the correct installation of the stairs be carried out. Wooden spikes are driven into those parts of the rack that are used for connection. After all the elements are prepared, be sure to give them time to dry completely.

Now you can proceed to assembling the structure. One person cannot cope with this. You definitely need to get help. At least three additional people must be involved in assistance. One of them is located at the top, and the rest are at the bottom.

Next, the ladder itself is installed on the floor and then leveled using a level. Special marks are made on the floor that will serve as markings for future pillars. Holes are made in these places using a drill. They should also be in the pillars, and the same size as on the floor. Fastening is carried out using special bolts. The tread is attached to the cross beam with two nails.

The single side part is attached to the wall using self-tapping screws or bolts. Quite a lot of them must be used so that the connection is very strong and durable. If necessary, you can do additional cladding on the stairs. This is done using sheets of drywall or other material. Can be used in similar situation and a tree. For example, lining or tongue and groove board. In this case, the wooden staircase will not lose its original beauty and aesthetics.

Summarizing

Thus, the process of installing stairs for the house is completed. There is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is to strictly follow the instructions given above. This is the only way to achieve the desired result. When performing work, be sure to use only high-quality glue. With its help you can get a truly durable and reliable structure.

When performing work, be sure to call help. Only with their help can you achieve high-quality results. Wooden stairs are quite heavy structural element. It needs to be mounted and installed only through the efforts of several people. To achieve the required result, when installing outdoors, you can use specialized equipment.

Wood is one of the most popular materials for making stairs. Among its advantages, we note its affordable cost and high strength, environmental safety and aesthetic appeal. However, in order for the staircase to serve you for a long time, it should be designed and installed correctly. We will consider the features of installing wooden stairs below.

Advantages, production and installation of wooden stairs

Wood products surround us everywhere. This is explained primarily by the availability of this material and its low cost. When choosing a staircase that is installed inside the house, its wooden version is one of the most successful.

Also, wood is easy to process, so the staircase can be made in any shape or design idea. In addition, wood has a special texture, smell and textured elements. Therefore, its use in the interior enriches it with comfort and creates an atmosphere of coziness.

Among the main advantages of wooden stairs we note:

1. Strength and reliability - this ladder is quite durable and can withstand heavy operating loads. However, the duration of use of the ladder also determines the type of wood from which it is made.

2. Environmental safety is another important advantage of a wooden staircase. Tree - natural material who is not inclined to negative impact on human health. Wooden crafts give the room comfort, since when the humidity is too high, the tree absorbs moisture, and when it is low, it releases it. If the staircase is made of pine, then it also has antiseptic properties that improve the health of the indoor air.

3. Affordable cost - the cost of constructing a wooden staircase is much less than manufacturing a metal or concrete staircase. In addition, there is always a choice: to choose cheaper options, such as larch or pine, or to give preference to more expensive, but at the same time powerful oak.

4. Light weight - thanks to this advantage, transporting the material to the site is much cheaper. In addition, the ladder does not load total weight building, and its construction and installation does not require specialized equipment.

5. The ease of changing the appearance is achieved by painting or transforming a wooden staircase.

6. Attractive appearance allows you to install such a staircase in any interior. Since wood, being a natural material, goes with almost everything.

Types and installation of stairs in a wooden house

The staircase is not only an element of connection between two floors, but an aesthetic part of the room. It is wooden stairs that have an attractive appearance and decorate the room in which they are installed. Threaded elements, beautiful railings, balusters, wood texture - give the staircase beauty, chic and decoration.

In order to independently make such a structure, you will first need experience with carpentry tools, as well as effort in wood processing. Before starting work, special calculations should be made to determine the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs, the number of steps, their sizes, etc.

In addition, stairs can be made entirely of wood or of combined materials such as glass, metal, concrete, forging, etc. However, any staircase contains its main components, in the form of steps, stringers, bowstrings, supports. To decorate this structure, elements in the form of fittings, handrails, balusters, and risers are used.

If you plan to install wooden stairs with complex configuration, then you should think about certain difficulties that arise during its operation. First of all, it is difficult to carry large furniture on a turning staircase. Balusters should be spaced at least 15 cm apart from each other.

Depending on the manufacturing method, wooden stairs are:

• marching;
• console;
• spinal;
• screw;
• combined.

The most simple design staircases - marching. It consists of one or more flights that perform the function of connecting floors together. This version of the staircase can be straight or rotary. The most common option is the lower part of the staircase, made of a monolith, and the balusters, steps and railings are made of wood. This staircase is very durable, can withstand heavy operating loads and at the same time is very convenient, as it is found everywhere: in schools, hospitals and other public institutions.

A cantilever-type staircase is airy and light, but less safe than a marching staircase. Such a staircase seems to hang in the air, since there is empty space between the steps. However, in fact, the steps are fixed to the wall surface using anchors, which make the structure quite strong. Among the advantages of the ladder, we note the absence of the need to install it.

The spiral staircase is small in size, so it can be easily installed in the smallest room. It contains both straight and curved marching sections.

The spine-type wooden staircase is distinguished by its similarity to a real spine. Since this design includes individual elements, for connecting which only their sequential order is used. This design combines various rotary, spiral, and winder flights. However, the process of its construction is quite long and labor-intensive. After installing the steps, a fence is built, making the structure more holistic. In this case, it is appropriate to use flexible handrails. This version of the staircase has a high price, which is several times higher than the price of standard stairs.

In the process of manufacturing and assembling a wooden staircase, you should carefully read the available information on the implementation this process. The selection of materials must be made with special care and seriousness, because the life of the staircase directly depends on the quality of the wood.

The composition for tinting must meet all quality norms and standards. If the staircase is installed inside the house, then care should be taken to ensure the environmental safety of the substances used to treat the wood. Since some of them can cause allergies. Also, you need to decide on the type of varnish and tinting for the stairs.

All parts of the stairs must be painted in clean conditions using a spray gun. In this way, it will be possible to achieve a perfectly even structure and color. The wooden staircase is assembled after painting and completely drying each of the parts.

Wood is a material that is unstable to moisture and temperature changes, so the room should always have moderate humidity and optimal temperature. Otherwise, the tree begins to become moldy, rot, or simply become deformed.

When choosing hardwood for making wood, you should be guided by the fact that it is quite durable, but at the same time labor-intensive to process. Beech, oak, ash, maple are woods that can withstand high operating loads, mechanical damage, and strength. When choosing coniferous wood for making stairs, you should take into account that they contain resin that purifies the air and has an antiseptic effect. The cost of such wood is an order of magnitude lower, however, the aesthetic appeal is at a lower level than that of oak.

When choosing the design of a wooden staircase, try to ensure that it fits into general style interior design. Railings, handrails, balusters should be in harmony with the overall style. You should also pay attention to such subtleties as choosing the color of the wood, calculating the stairs that are optimally convenient for movement and determining the shape of the stairs.

Installing steps on a wooden staircase

The type of fastening of steps to a staircase depends primarily on its shape and configuration. There are two main options for staircase execution: on a bowstring and on a stringer. Stringer is a place for installing steps from above, and a stringer means installing it on the side of the staircase and installing steps between it and the wall or between two stringers.

The stringer is an element that absorbs the total load, so installing steps on its surface implies fixing it and protecting it from vibration and displacement.

The easiest option for installing a step in this case is to fix it on the surface of the stringer using a drill. Self-tapping screws must have decorative heads that screw into the inside of the steps. It is also possible to install decorative plugs from polymer materials. This mount appropriate if the staircase was built independently, without the involvement of specialists.

Please note that only a feather drill and a high-speed drill are used to fix the steps, in this way it will be possible to avoid the appearance of bevels. If the staircase is open and does not require additional cladding, then a hidden method is used to install the steps, that is, cotter pins. In this case, these elements are installed on the surface of the stringer and fixed with glue. However, for a staircase with high operational load and mobility, this option is inappropriate, since the steps will quickly begin to fail.

Installing wooden stairs with your own hands is a rather labor-intensive process that requires special skills. Among the main ways of fixing a step on a bowstring, we note:

1. Fixing the support bar under the step on the string.

2. Steel brackets installed under the steps and secured with screws and bolts.

3. Overlays and notches installed on the inside of the bowstring in a zigzag stringer.

4. Manufacturing of groove elements for steps on a bowstring.

The most popular and simplest are the first two methods of fixing steps. If the ladder will withstand heavy loads, then it is better to give preference to the last two options.

The use of bars and overlays is appropriate if the stairs will be covered in the future. If the staircase is not sheathed, then the places where the screws are fixed should be hidden.

Installation of wooden stairs video:

Another option for installing steps is to fix them in the wall. Steel studs or bushings are used to tighten one side of the ladder, and the other is fixed to the wall surface.

Wooden steps are installed into the wall by mounting them on supporting elements which are bars, corners, and decorative turned elements. They are also used to fix steps anchor elements In addition, the steps should be milled in relation to the width and depth of their installation in the wall.

Installing balusters on a wooden staircase

When installing balusters, you should follow certain rules:

• the minimum height of the stair railing is 90 cm;
• The minimum installation interval for racks is 15 cm.

If there are small children in the house, the latter figure is reduced to 10 cm. Among the main elements of the baluster, we note the presence of:

• main part;
• central part;
• handrails

Basic decorative element- this is exactly the center of the baluster. There are several ways to install railings on a wooden staircase, as well as install balusters:

1. Holes for balusters are drilled. Their lower and upper parts are cut off. Use a miter saw to make cuts.

2. Install the pins inside the holes, drill holes inside the bowstring.

3. Install balusters made of wood with studs already built into them.

4. Top installation balusters are also produced. Next, the entire structure should be glued to the handrail.

The second option for installing balusters involves the use of dowels. Since the racks are not subject to heavy loads, this method is quite appropriate. Holes are drilled for dowels, just like for studs, but their diameter is slightly larger.

The dowels must be coated with glue, installed inside the balusters and fixed in them with glue. Next, the base is placed on the surface of the bowstring. For additional fixation of the baluster, anchors are used, which are installed from below.

Also, to fix the balusters, self-tapping screws installed on the steps are used. This method is quite simple, but less reliable than fixation with pins.

Installing balusters on a wooden staircase video: