Excerpts from SNiP related to floor screed.
STRUCTURE DEVICE
4.15. Monolithic screeds made of concrete, asphalt concrete, cement-sand mortar and prefabricated screeds made of fibreboards must be carried out in compliance with the rules for the construction of coatings of the same name.
4.16. Gypsum self-leveling and porous cement screeds must be laid immediately to the calculated thickness specified in the project.
4.17. When installing screeds, the requirements must be met table. 17.
| Technical requirements | ||
| SNiP 3.04.01-87. Installation of floor screeds. | ||
| Screeds laid over soundproofing pads or backfills, in places adjacent to walls and partitions and other structures, must be laid with a gap of 20 - 25 mm wide across the entire thickness of the screed and filled with similar soundproofing material: monolithic screeds must be insulated from walls and partitions with strips of waterproofing materials | Technical, all junctions, work log | |
| The end surfaces of the laid section of monolithic screeds, after removing the beacon or limiting slats, before laying the mixture in the adjacent section of the screed, must be primed or moistened, and the working seam should be smoothed so that it is invisible | Visual, at least four times per shift, work log | |
| Smoothing the surface of monolithic screeds should be done under coatings on mastics and adhesive layers and under solid (seamless) ones. polymer coatings before mixtures set | The same, the entire surface of the screeds, work log | |
| Sealing the joints of prefabricated screeds made of fibreboards should be done along the entire length of the joints with strips of thick paper or adhesive tape 40 - 60 cm wide | Technical, all joints, work log | |
| Laying of additional elements between prefabricated screeds on cement and gypsum binders should be done with a gap of 10-15 mm wide, filled with a mixture, similar to the material screeds. If the width of the gaps between the prefabricated screed slabs and walls or partitions is less than 0.4 m, the mixture must be laid over a continuous soundproofing layer | Technical, all clearances, work log | |
SOUND INSULATION DEVICE
Floor soundproofing device
4.18. Bulk soundproofing material (sand, coal slag, etc.) must be free of organic impurities. The use of backfills made from dusty materials is prohibited.
4.19. Gaskets should be laid without gluing to the floor slabs, and slabs and mats should be laid dry or glued with bitumen mastics. Soundproofing pads under the joists must be laid along the entire length of the joists without breaks. Tape spacers for prefabricated screeds of the size “per room” should be located in continuous strips along the perimeter of the premises close to the walls and partitions, under the joints of adjacent slabs, as well as inside the perimeter - parallel to the larger side of the slab.
4.20. When installing floor soundproofing, the requirements in the table must be met. 18.
| Technical requirements | Limit deviations | Control (method, volume, type of registration) |
| SNiP 3.04.01-87. Floor soundproofing device. | ||
| The size of the bulk soundproofing material is 0.15-10 mm | - | Measuring, at least three measurements for every 50-70 m2 of backfill, work log |
| Humidity bulk material backfill between joists | No more than 10% | Same |
| Width of soundproofing pads, mm: | - | Measuring, at least three measurements for every 50 - 70 m2 of floor surface, work log |
| under logs 100-120; | ||
| for prefabricated screeds of the size “per room” along the perimeter - 200-220, inside the perimeter - 100-120 | ||
| The distance between the axes of the strips of soundproofing pads inside the perimeter of prefabricated screeds sized “per room” is 0.4 m | + 0.1 m | The same, at least three measurements on each prefabricated screed slab, work log |
Often, laying floor coverings and installing floors is done based on personal considerations, as well as expediency. But in fact, the basis of the design of floors and screeds should be normative document, which regulates the main technological processes. These documents are constantly used in the construction and design of buildings, but also House master must know the requirements set out in SNiP, because floors and screeds have a serious scope of requirements. Let's look at the most basic ones.
Floor screed according to SNiP
When it is necessary to prepare a concrete slab for a decorative floor covering, a floor screed is made. There is also a separate section for this in SNiP. If you familiarize yourself with the requirements, recommendations and standards, the result is the most stable and durable foundations.
Naturally, these standards are mandatory only for capital construction projects, but many are guided by them for home repairs.
Determining the screed function
If you look at the building regulations, a floor screed is a layer of mortar based on sand and cement, which is poured onto the base base. The main function of the screed is to form the most even base for the future finishing flooring. The standards also provide for such a floor screed device to ensure a sufficiently high strength of the base against mechanical damage. SNiP specifies all the necessary standards.
Documentation
Subfloors should be designed according to special regulatory documents. Previously, SNiP 2.03.13-88 was considered the main document on rough concrete foundations. However, despite the fact that floor installation techniques in residential buildings have not changed, new materials and construction technologies, because the standards have changed.
Today the document SP 29-13330-2011 is in force. It updates the edition of the standards for flooring.
Requirements for the screed device
The requirements for floor screed, which are provided for in SNiP, allow you to obtain quality foundation. It is better to use these standards and requirements in the project for your apartment.
Thus, the minimum layer thickness when laying on a concrete base is 20 mm. If an additional insulating layer is laid or soundproofing materials, then the thickness will be 40 mm. If a pipeline or other communications are installed in the screed, then the layer above the communications should be no less than 20 mm.
If compressible materials are used as heat or sound insulation, then the strength of the sand and cement fill is increased. It should be no less than 2.5 MPa. In this case, the thickness of the screed should prevent any deformation.
The minimum strength of the solution is 15 MPa, and if the decorative finishing layer is a polyurethane self-leveling floor, then the strength is made equal to 20 MPa.
If a self-leveling mixture is used to form smooth surfaces, then the thickness of the layer of this coating should be no less than 2 mm.
To control the plane of the coating, the regulations provide for the use of a rule. If it is necessary to check the geometric characteristics of the layer, use a tool 2 m long.
According to SNiP, it is allowed if the floor screed has deviations, but not more than the specified values:
- For parquet, laminate, linoleum and self-leveling floors on polymer mixtures, 2 mm by 2 m is allowed;
- For other types of coatings, up to 4 mm per 2 m is allowed.
When performing surface control, deviations from these standards are leveled out first, since they have big influence on how well the finishing floor covering will be laid.
Technologies and general requirements for the basic foundation
Before laying the sand-cement layer, prepare the base. There are special recommendations for this in regulatory documents.
Thus, the foundation should be planned according to the profile or marks in the design documents. If it is necessary to add soil, the layer is compacted and leveled as much as possible. A mixture of sand and gravel is often used as backfill.
If floors are laid on the ground, then work can only be done when it thaws. If the soil surface is weak enough, replacement or additional strengthening is required. It is recommended to strengthen with crushed stone with a fraction of 40-60 mm. In this case, the strength must be no less than 200 kgf/m2.
If as a base concrete slab, then it is cleaned of debris and dust. Then the surface is washed with water. If there are joints between the slabs, they are filled with cement-sand mortar. In this case, the filling depth must be no less than 50%. For these purposes, a solution of grades 150 or more is used.
Materials
- Sifted sand;
- Cement from M150 for industrial premises and M300-400 for residential premises;
- Gravel and crushed stone with a fraction from 5 to 15 mm. The strength indicator should be from 20 MPa.
Reinforcement
Floor screed reinforcement is used to give the structure greater strength. SNiP recommends the following materials:
- Wire mesh with a cell of 100×100 or 150 mm;
- Mesh made of polymer materials;
- Frame made of twigs;
- Fiber reinforcement – fibers of steel, polypropylene, basalt.
This procedure is necessary where the height of the screed is more than 40 mm. For residential premises where there is no high load on the floors, screeds up to 70 mm are not reinforced.
The placement of reinforcing materials is carried out on preparatory stage. To ensure that the reinforcement fits correctly, special plastic supports are used.
Screed pouring technologies
The base base is processed according to all the previously described recommendations. Then you need to treat the surface with primers. After the primer composition has sufficiently polymerized, a cement mortar is prepared in a ratio of 1:3, where 1 part is cement and 3 parts sand.
If sound or heat insulating materials are used, then a damper tape with a thickness of 10 to 25 mm is installed around the perimeter of the room. Also, beacon slats are installed on the floor, and then the screed is poured.
The floor will be ready no earlier than in 24 hours. You should not walk on the base with your feet. At large quantities It is better to give the screed 30 days. Then you can begin sanding and laying the topcoat.
What is the minimum thickness of a floor screed according to SNiP?
A layer of cement-sand screed is the basis for the final coating, which is top part floor bases. The screed should provide a perfectly flat surface for finishing. The quality of the screed determines the service life of the floor of the room, strength, and thickness is of fundamental importance. A reduced layer will not have the necessary strength, and a thicker layer will cause excess consumption of the mixture. That is why SNIP regulates the requirements for the design, operation, and restoration of floors, describes the structure, and requirements for elements, including screeds.
Document structure
Building codes contain requirements for the design of floors intended for public premises, administrative facilities, manufacturing enterprises, private houses. The document structure contains:
- General requirements to the features of the floor design and its development;
- classification of coatings depending on strength and material thickness;
Today there are many ways to perform work related to leveling the subfloor for further laying of floor coverings
- interlayer requirements;
- list of measures to protect against water penetration;
- recommendations on the area of application and thickness of the screed;
- litter characteristics;
- requirements for the bases on which floors are installed.
Basic terms
The rules use terminology according to which the floor is divided into tiers, components that have specific names:
- External covering– the outer layer of the floor surface that absorbs the load during operation.
- Intermediate layer- a floor element that provides elasticity and is located under the top layer.
- Waterproofing contour- a layer that makes it difficult for ground or Wastewater, liquids through the floor surface.
- Screed– a leveling layer that serves as the basis for installing the floor, which ensures the flatness of the base, distributes loads, and covers various communications.
- Litter– the bottom layer, which evenly distributes the forces from the floor and the weight of the screed onto the surface of the base.
All work related to leveling the floor with cement mortars, even if done with your own hands, must meet certain requirements
Choosing a solution
When deciding on a coating device, make an economically sound, technically competent decision, taking into account the points specified in the standards:
- service life and structural strength;
- rational use of materials taking into account characteristics;
- the possibility of mechanizing work, reducing labor costs;
- influence negative points, the ability to violate the integrity of the flooring;
- hygiene and fire resistance.
When designing floors, standards require taking into account the degree of mechanical impact indicated in the table, as well as the level of influence of liquid on the surface. With abundant moisture, the rules require the floor to be constructed with a slope of 0.5 to 2%, which is ensured by pouring a layer of varying cross-section.
Main, interlayer and insulating coating layers: types and requirements
The choice of coating for certain types of premises is made according to the recommendations of the tables attached to the standards. They regulate the degree of influence of mechanical, thermal and liquid factors. In particular, the cement-sand surface of the production facility must withstand a specific gravity of 50 kgf/cm², a heating temperature of no more than 100 degrees Celsius and exposure to alkaline media with a concentration of up to 8%.
The thickness of the cement-sand composition, according to SNiP, in residential premises should not be less than 30 mm
- Linoleum.
- Wood.
- Polyvinyl chloride tiles.
- Parquet.
- Cement-concrete base.
Minimum thickness, the strength characteristics of the material used for coating are given in the document table. When using a common cement-sand mortar as a coating, its minimum thickness at low intensity of exposure is 20 mm, and at moderate intensity - 30 mm. In this case, the strength of the material used should be 200-300 kg/cm².
Used as a layer bitumen mastic, fine-grained concrete, and cement-sand mortars, the minimum thickness of which is 10 mm.
At high level loads on the coating, standards require waterproofing to protect the floor from exposure to liquids: ordinary water, oils, acids, emulsions, alkalis. The material used to insulate against moisture is concrete or polymer compositions. According to the requirements of the standards, 1-2 protective layers must be applied, depending on the possibility of liquid penetration into the material.
The minimum layer directly depends on the mixture used
When preparing a concrete slab for laying flooring, the key document is SNiP for floor screed installation. Guided by the standards and recommendations given in it, we will be able to create the most stable foundation that will be ensured long term operation.
Of course, SNiP is mandatory only for capital construction, but when carrying out repairs it is worth taking into account these recommendations.
Normative base
Definition and functions of screed
According to the definition given in building regulations, mortar laid on a permanent foundation.
The main purpose of the screed is to form a level base for the floor covering. Also, the primary requirements include high mechanical strength layer. In addition, the screed must absorb and distribute the loads transmitted from the coating to the base of the floor.
Other functions of this structural element include:
- Masking and protection of communications (pipelines, electrical cables, heating elements etc.).
- Uniform distribution of loads on heat and sound insulating materials.
- Ensuring proper resistance of floors to heat transfer.
- Formation or compensation of surface slope.
Due to the fact that during operation this layer is under decorative coating, it does not have an aesthetic function. It is enough that the filled surface is resistant to damage and deformation, relatively smooth and durable.
Regulatory documents
What standards should one be guided by when performing work on designing and laying screeds?
- Previously, the main SNiP for floor screeding was a document published back in 1988 - SNiP 2.03.13 - 88. Despite the fact that the main approaches to the formation of residential and public buildings and structures remained unchanged, modifications of technology and the emergence of new materials have become cause of changes in regulations.
- Today, the current document is SP 29-13330-2011. This standard is an updated version of SNiP for flooring from 1988.
- It should be noted that these standards apply only when designing structures. During the work, SNiP 3.04.01 - 87 is fundamental. This provision provides a description of the technology for performing finishing works, and also indicates the requirements for finished surfaces and permissible deviations.
- Since in this moment The rules are being gradually modernized, and legal conflicts sometimes occur. Thus, SNiP 3.04.01 is not included in order No. 1047 of June 21, 2010, which regulates mandatory standards, therefore today it is purely advisory in nature.
Note!
Despite the difficulties with legal regulation, until the current standard appears, work should be carried out according to the rules given in this SNiP.
Requirements for the screed and its elements
For pouring screeds, SNiP provides the following requirements:
- The minimum thickness when laying on a solid concrete floor base is 20 mm, when laying on heat or sound insulating materials – 40 mm. If a pipeline is placed inside the cement layer, then there must be at least 20 mm of mortar on top of it.
Note!
If a compressible material is used for heat or sound insulation, then the bending strength of the cement-sand fill should be selected at least 2.5 MPa.
In this case, the thickness of the layer should prevent deformation of the underlying materials.
- The minimum strength of the mortar is 15 MPa (for laying under self-leveling coatings from polyurethane – 20 MPa).
- Self-leveling mixtures that are laid down to form flat surface under the floor covering, must have a thickness of at least 2 mm.
For check geometric parameters When laying a layer, a rule of 2 m in length is used.
In this case, deviations from the plane cannot exceed the following values:
- For parquet, laminate, linoleum and polymer self-leveling floors - 2 mm by 2 m.
- For other coverings (tiles, etc.) – 4 mm by 2 m.
When carrying out inspections, these deviations from SNiP for floor screed are identified and eliminated first, since they have a serious impact on the quality of installation of the finishing coating.
Laying technology
General requirements for the foundation
SNiP for floor screeding and foundation formation generally contains the following recommendations:
- The base for laying the flooring is planned in accordance with the profile or marks specified in project documentation. If soil is added during planning, it must be thoroughly compacted and leveled.
Note!
For backfilling, a sand-gravel mixture is most often used.
- If the floor is laid according to earthen foundation, then work on its construction is carried out only after complete thawing. Weak soils must be replaced or strengthened.
- The base is strengthened using crushed stone (fraction 40-60 mm). The strength of the material used for this must be at least 200 kgf/cm2.
- If a concrete slab is used as a base, then before starting work it must be cleared of construction waste and dust free. After dust removal, the surface is washed with water to remove small contaminant particles.
- Joints between slabs, as well as gaps in places where the slab adjoins walls and other vertical surfaces must be filled out cement mortar. The filling depth must be at least half the depth of the seam. To fill voids, a solution of grade 150 and higher is used.
As an additional operation to simplify and reduce the cost of screed installation, in some cases grinding is carried out concrete base. At the same time, all irregularities are removed from the surface, which allows you to fill more thin layer solution.
Materials
As a rule, for arranging floors in apartments and private houses, cement-sand screed. The exception is bases made of asphalt concrete, which SNiP allows for laying under piece parquet flooring.
The following materials are used during the work:
- Sifted river sand.
- Cement grade not lower than M150 (for residential buildings and apartments it is better to use the M300 - M400 brand).
- Gravel or crushed stone fraction from 5 to 15 mm. The compressive strength of gravel should be 20 MPa or more.
Note!
The use of additional components such as plasticizers, hardeners, pigments, etc. is not regulated by regulations and therefore must be specified separately.
Reinforcement
To give the structure being built greater strength, it is sometimes reinforced.
The following materials are used as reinforcement:
- Wire mesh with cells 100x100 or 150x150 mm.
- Polymer mesh for strengthening cement floors.
- A frame made of reinforcing bars tied or welded together directly on site.
- Fiber reinforcement is steel, basalt or polypropylene fibers that are added directly to the grout and strengthen it.
As a rule, reinforcement is carried out when laying screeds with a thickness of 40 mm or more.
Note!
IN residential buildings And utility rooms with a low load on the floor, SNiP allows not to reinforce screeds up to 70 mm thick.
The laying of reinforcing material is carried out at the stage of foundation preparation. To ensure correct positioning of the reinforcement (preferably, it should be in the middle of the poured layer), either mortar slides or special plastic supports are used.
Pouring technology
The instructions for doing the work yourself are as follows:
- The base is processed in accordance with the requirements set out in previous section. To ensure the best adhesion, we treat the concrete with primers.
- After polymerization of the primer composition, we prepare a small amount of cement mortar for pouring the floor (the ratio of cement and sand is 1:3).
- If soundproofing material or insulation is pre-laid on the base of the floor - along the perimeter of the entire room, as well as around vertical elements(columns and the like), a damper tape must be installed. The thickness of such tape ranges from 10 to 25 mm.
- Using a level, install the panels on the floor from metal profile- the so-called lighthouse slats. To fix the slats and level them on a plane, we use a pre-prepared solution, laying it out in small slides.
Note!
Some craftsmen prefer to install guides from a cord tied to anchors screwed into the floor.
This technology also has a right to exist, but is more labor-intensive.
- Next, we begin to prepare the bulk of the solution for pouring. Since the standard requirements for floor screed according to SNiP do not allow for its mapping (i.e. the floor must be leveled throughout the entire room at once so that stress areas do not form), it is worth involving an assistant in the work.
- While the assistant is preparing the next portion of the solution, we are laying the screed. From a bucket, we evenly pour the solution onto the base between the beacons, after which we very carefully and smoothly level it with a rule slat.
- After pouring and leveling the entire floor, we wait for some time, after which we remove the beacon profiles. Then we fill the resulting cavities with cement mortar and level the surface of the screed again.
Advice!
You should move along the screed no earlier than 24 hours after pouring.
To avoid damage, it is better not to stand on concrete, but to use a sheet of plywood or chipboard laid on the surface.
Drying and sanding
When using a standard solution (i.e. without adding modifying additives), it will be possible to carry out work on the poured surface no earlier than 7-10 days after completion of installation.
During this time, the screed must be provided with conditions that maximize strength gains:
- The slower the surface dries, the stronger the base for the floor covering will be. To reduce moisture loss, it is worth covering the floor with a layer of plastic film.
- Every day we lift the films and inspect the surface of the subfloor. If even minimal cracking or dusting is noted, it is imperative to moisten the cement and cover it again with polyethylene.
- If possible, drying should be carried out for 28 - 30 days. This is exactly how long it takes for the solution to gain maximum strength.
Note!
Drafts and sudden changes in room temperature can lead to cracking of the cement-sand layer.
To avoid this, it is worth considering in advance the operating mode of a room with a freshly poured screed.
After drying, we check the quality of the base leveling again. If during the work we were careless and irregularities formed on the surface, it is better to remove them by grinding. We also carry out grinding when gravel-based concrete was used for laying, since it is almost impossible to level it perfectly.
For grinding we use either special device(it’s better to rent, since the price is quite high), or an angle grinder. A grinder is suitable for those cases when we need to remove only small nodules or bumps.
After sanding, it is worth treating the surface with a strengthening solution. When the solution has dried, you can install the floor covering.
Conclusion
When carrying out renovations in an apartment, SNiP for floor screed is rather advisory in nature. But at the same time, we should focus specifically on its requirements - this way we can guarantee the strength and durability of the laid floor.
Updated edition
SNiP 2.03.13-88
Official publication
Moscow 2011
SP 29.13330.2011
Preface
Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the development rules are established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 “On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules”.
Rulebook Details
1 CONTRACTORS - Central Research and Design Experimental Institute industrial buildings and structures (JSC TsNIIPromzdaniy) and LLC PSK Concrete Engineering
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 “Construction”
3 PREPARED for approval by the Department of Architecture, Construction and Urban Development Policy
4 APPROVED by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 27 No. 785 and put into effect on May 20, 2011.
5 REGISTERED Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 29.13330.2010
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index “National Standards”, and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system for public use - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) on the Internet
© Ministry of Regional Development of Russia, 2010
This regulatory document cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication on the territory of the Russian Federation without permission from the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia
SP 29.13330.2011
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..………IV
1 Scope of application……………………………………………………….……...…1
3 Terms and definitions…………………………………………………………….…….…….2
4 General requirements………………………………………………………………………………2
5 Floor coverings………………………………………………………………………………5
6 Interlayer……………………………………………………………………….....10
7 Waterproofing………………………………………………………………………………….11
8 Screed (base for floor covering) …………………………….………..…….12
9 Underlying layer …………………………………………......... ..... |
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10 Base soil for floors……………………………………………………….16 |
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Appendix A (for reference) Regulatory documents.................................................... .... |
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Appendix B (for reference) Basic terms and definitions…….…….……….18 |
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Appendix B (mandatory) |
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Table B.1. Choosing the type of flooring for production floors |
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premises by intensity of mechanical |
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impacts………………………………………………………….…19 |
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Table B.2. Choosing the type of flooring for production floors |
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premises according to the intensity of exposure to aggressive |
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Wednesday………………………………………………………26 |
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Table B.3. Choosing the type of flooring for production floors |
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premises according to special requirements……….……...30 |
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Appendix D (mandatory) Type of interlayer in floors……………………………….33 |
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residential, public, administrative and domestic buildings……....35 |
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Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………...….62 |
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SP 29.13330.2011
Introduction
This document contains requirements that meet the purposes of Articles 7, 8, 10, 12, 22 and 30 of the Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ “ Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures."
The work was carried out by OJSC "TsNIIPromzdanii" (Prof., Doctor of Technical Sciences V.V. Granev, Prof., Candidate of Technical Sciences S.M. Glikin, Candidate of Technical Sciences A.P. Chekulaev) and LLC " PSK Concrete Engineering" (A.M. Gorb).
SP 29.13330.2011
SET OF RULES
Date of introduction 2011-05-20
1 area of use
1.1 This set of rules applies to the design of floors for industrial, warehouse, residential, public, administrative, sports
and domestic buildings.
1.2 Floor design should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures” and taking into account the requirements established for:
floors in residential and public buildings– SP 54.13330, SP 55.13330 and SNiP 31-06;
floors in industrial premises with fire and explosion hazardous technological processes - in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Requirements fire safety"and provisions;
floors with a standardized indicator of heat absorption of the floor surface - SP 50.13330 and provisions;
floors made on floors, upon presentation of requirements for the latter
floors exposed to acids, alkalis, oils and other aggressive liquids - SNiP 2.03.11;
floors in sports facilities - SNiP 31-05 and recommendations , , ; floors in refrigerated rooms - SNiP 2.11.02; floors in warehouse buildings - SP 56.13330.
1.3 When designing floors, it is necessary to comply with additional requirements established by design standards for specific buildings and structures, fire safety and sanitary standards, as well as technological design standards.
1.4 Construction and installation work on the manufacture of floors and their acceptance into operation must be carried out taking into account the requirements set out in SNiP
1.5 These standards do not apply to the design of removable floors (raised floors) and floors located on structures on permafrost soils.
_________________________________________________________________________
Official publication
Regulatory documents referred to in the text of these standards are given in Appendix A.
Note – When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index “National Standards” ", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in this year. If reference document replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules you should be guided by the replaced (changed) document. If the referenced material is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.
3 Terms and definitions
This set of rules adopts the terms and definitions given in Appendix B.
4 General requirements
4.1 Choice constructive solution flooring should be carried out based on the requirements of operating conditions, taking into account technical and economic feasibility decision taken in specific construction conditions, which ensures:
operational reliability and durability of the floor; saving building materials;
most full use strength and deformation characteristics of soils and physical and mechanical properties of materials used for flooring; minimum labor costs for installation and operation; maximum mechanization of device processes; environmental Safety; safety of people's movement;
optimal hygienic conditions for people; fire and explosion safety.
4.2 The design of floors should be carried out taking into account the operational impacts on them, special requirements (non-sparking, antistatic, dust-free, evenness, wear resistance, heat absorption, sound insulation ability, slipperiness) and climatic conditions of the construction site.
4.3 The intensity of mechanical impacts on floors should be taken according to table 1.
4.4 The intensity of exposure to liquids on the floor should be considered:
small – insignificant impact of liquids on the floor, in which the surface of the floor covering is dry or slightly damp; the floor covering is not saturated with liquids; Rooms with water spills are not cleaned;
medium – periodic moistening of the floor, in which the surface of the floor covering is damp or wet; the floor covering is saturated with liquids; liquids periodically flow over the floor surface;
SP 29.13330.2011
large - constant or frequently repeated flow of liquids over the floor surface.
Table 1
Mechanical |
Intensity of mechanical influences |
||||
impact |
significantly |
moderate |
|||
significant |
|||||
Pedestrian movement at 1 m |
500 or more |
||||
passage width, number |
|||||
people per day |
|||||
Traffic on |
10 or more |
||||
crawler for one |
|||||
lane, units/day |
|||||
Traffic on |
Movement |
||||
rubber run for one |
|||||
lane, units/day |
|||||
Movement of trolleys on |
|||||
metal tires, |
|||||
rolling round |
|||||
metal objects |
|||||
per one lane, |
|||||
Traffic |
|||||
metal wheels |
|||||
polymer rims |
|||||
materials, units/day |
|||||
Impacts from falling from |
|||||
height 1 m solid |
|||||
objects weighing, kg, not |
|||||
Compliant |
|||||
Drawing solid |
|||||
objects with sharp |
|||||
corners and edges |
|||||
Compliant |
|||||
Work sharp |
|||||
tool on the floor |
|||||
(shovels, etc.) |
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The zone of influence of liquids due to their transfer on the soles of shoes and vehicle tires extends in all directions (including adjacent rooms) from the place where the floor is wetted: with water and aqueous solutions– at 20 m, with mineral oils and emulsions – at 100 m. Washing the floor (without pouring water and using detergents
SP 29.13330.2011
products and care products that comply with the recommendations of manufacturers of materials for the manufacture of floor coverings) and occasional rare exposure to splashes, drops, etc. does not count as exposure to liquids on the floor.
4.5 In rooms with medium and high intensity of exposure to liquids on the floor, floor slopes should be provided. The magnitude of the floor slopes should be taken:
0.5 – 1% – at seamless coatings and slab coverings (except for concrete coverings of all types);
1 – 2% – for all types of brick and concrete coatings.
The slopes of the trays and channels, depending on the materials used, must be no less than those specified. The direction of the slopes should ensure the drainage of wastewater into trays, channels and ladders without crossing driveways and passages.
4.6 In livestock buildings, the slope of the floors towards the manure collection channel should be equal to:
0% – in rooms with slatted floors and in channels with mechanical manure removal;
not less than 0.5% - in rooms for keeping poultry in cages and in trays along the aisles in all rooms;
at least 1.5% - in technological parts of the premises (stalls, stalls, machines, etc.);
no more than 6% - in premises for walking animals and poultry and in transitional galleries between buildings.
4.7 The slope of the floors on the floors should be created using a screed or concrete covering variable thickness, and floors on the ground - with an appropriate layout of the soil base.
4.8 The floor level in toilets and bathrooms should be 15 - 20 mm below the floor level in adjacent rooms, or the floors in these rooms should be separated by a threshold.
4.9 Skirting boards should be installed where floors meet walls, partitions, columns, equipment foundations, pipelines and other structures protruding above the floor. If liquids get on the walls, they should be covered to the full height of the soaking. In the absence of expansion joints along the walls, aesthetic requirements and special requirements for technological processes flowing in rooms with low intensity of exposure to liquids, in places where floors adjoin walls, the installation of baseboards can be excluded.
4.10 There should be no voids in the design of the floors of premises for storing and processing products, as well as premises for keeping animals.
4.11 Floors in buildings must have the necessary bearing capacity and not be “shaky”. Deflections under a concentrated load equal to 2 kN in residential buildings, 5 kN in public and administrative buildings and corresponding to the loads in the technical specifications for the design of industrial and warehouse buildings should not exceed 2 mm.
4.12 Floors in flat sports facilities exposed to medium and high intensity liquids (rain and melt water in open stadiums and playgrounds) must be equipped with a surface water and drainage system. To drain water from the territory
SP 29.13330.2011
flat structures, it must be given the necessary slopes, and devices for collection and disposal must be provided surface water as open system trays, closed system pipes and wells or a combination of open trays and closed drainage systems.
4.13 The slope of the floor covering in a flat open structure should be
4.14 The direction of the slopes should be:
- from the transverse axis (A) of a tennis court, volleyball court and badminton court;
- from the longitudinal axis (B) or hip (C) - in courts for basketball, football, handball, etc.
4.15 In order to prevent injuries, trays and channels in the floors of open sports facilities must be equipped with lattice covers.
4.16 Floors in the halls game types sports (football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, etc.) must meet the following requirements:
shock absorption – no less than 53%; standard deformation (a parameter characterizing the amount of deflection of the coating
floor under impact loads to a point with a force equal to 1500 N) - not less than 2.3 mm;
factor W 500 (a parameter characterizing the deformation at a distance of 500 mm from the point of impact of the load) - no more than 15% of the standard deformation;
ball bounce – at least 90%; rolling pressure – not less than 1500 N.
4.17 Requirements for dust-free, even, anti-static and (or) spark-free floors are established by the customer at the stage terms of reference for design
With taking into account the peculiarities of the technological process.
4.18 Heated floors covered with ceramic tiles should
provide in areas where people walk barefoot - bypass paths around the perimeter of the bathtubs of swimming pools (except for outdoor swimming pools), in locker rooms, showers. The average temperature of the floor surface should be maintained within 21-23 o C.
4.19 Floors in refrigerated rooms with negative temperatures should be designed taking into account the need to prevent freezing of soils that serve as the basis for floors. For this purpose, artificial heating systems, a ventilated underground and other protection systems should be used in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.11.02.
5 Floor coverings
5.1 Type of floor covering production premises should be prescribed depending on the type and intensity of mechanical, liquid and thermal influences, taking into account special requirements for floors in accordance with the mandatory Appendix B.
The type of layer in the floors is indicated in Appendix D.
SP 29.13330.2011
The type of floor covering in residential, public, administrative and domestic buildings should be assigned depending on the type of premises in accordance with the recommended Appendix D.
5.2 The thickness and strength of solid covering materials and floor slabs should be assigned according to Table 2.
When placing pipelines in concrete coverings and laying them directly on the concrete base (without an intermediate screed to cover the pipelines), the thickness of the floor covering must be at least the diameter of the pipeline plus 45 mm.
5.3 The adhesion strength of coatings based on cement binder to a concrete base at the age of 28 days must be at least 0.75 MPa. The adhesion strength of the hardened mortar (concrete) to the concrete base after 7 days should be at least 50% of the design value.
5.4 The total thickness of floors with a concrete coating and with a coating of heat-resistant concrete must be taken by calculation, taking into account the loads acting on the floor, the materials used and the properties of the base soil, but taking into account the thickness of the concrete base of at least 120 mm.
5.5 In livestock buildings, the calculated concentrated loads from the weight of animals acting on the floor must be taken according to technological design standards, taking into account an overload coefficient of 1.2 and a dynamic coefficient of 1.2.
5.6 Floors in feed and manure passages of livestock buildings must be designed for the impact of moving loads from pneumatic transport at a pressure on the wheel of 14.5 kN.
5.7 Monolithic floors made of lightweight concrete with latex cement coating and Limestone-expanded clay floors used to ensure normal floor heat absorption in livestock buildings when animals are kept without bedding must be laid over a thermal insulating layer of expanded clay gravel
And have a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa.
5.8 The thickness and reinforcement of heat-resistant concrete slabs should be taken according to the calculation of structures lying on a deformable base under the action of the most unfavorable combination of floor loads.
5.9 The thickness of boards, parquet, parquet and solid boards, as well as parquet panels should be accepted according to current product standards.
5.10 The air space under the covering of floors made of boards, slats, parquet boards
And shields should not communicate with ventilation and smoke ducts, and in rooms with an area of more than 25 m 2 should additionally be divided by partitions made of boards into closed compartments measuring (4–5)(5–6) m.
5.11 To provide comfortable conditions for humans from an antistatic point of view
And protection of electronic equipment from electrical discharges with a voltage of more than 5 kV, floors in residential and public buildings must be made with
coated with polymer antistatic materials with specific surface electrical resistance within 1·106 – 1·109 Ohm.
5.12 In the premises of industrial buildings with the requirement of “electronic hygiene”, in which it is necessary to provide comfortable conditions for humans in terms of antistatic protection, as well as to protect electronic equipment from electrical discharges with a voltage of more than 2 kV, floors must be made with electrical dissipative
