We will look at some of them in this article.

The wall that , will cool several times slower. The undoubted advantages are:

• Heat losses are minimal;
• The dew point is located either in the insulation itself or at the edge outer wall (it all depends on the parameters);
• Condensation will never form on the wall;
• The wall warms up completely, There are no significant temperature jumps.

Differences in insulation

walls are not considered so popular, all due to a number of significant disadvantages:

• Heat is lost by 10%.
• Dew point location. It is located in the space between the inside of the wall and the insulation or in the insulation itself. This causes condensation to accumulate, and after a while dampness appears in the room.
• The wall does not retain or accumulate heat.

Despite a number of disadvantages, internal insulation is characterized by positive qualities:

• Work can be carried out at any time of the year, regardless of weather conditions.
• It is easy to carry out insulation yourself; for this you only need basic knowledge and the necessary materials.

Main types of insulation and their brief description

Organic heat insulators on the market are represented by a wide range range of goods.

They are based on materials of natural origin:

1. Arbolite insulation counts the latest material, which is based on sawdust, shavings, uncut straw and reeds. Also, the insulation is made of cement and organic additives. These are CaCl2, H2SO4, as well as the product obtained after processing ordinary clay, kaolin or nepheline, and Na2O.
2. Foam-polyvinyl chloride insulation. It consists of polyvinyl chloride resin, which, after exposure to light or electromagnetic vibrations, acquires a characteristic foam structure. At the same time, it is considered a universal heat insulator.
3. Chipboard insulation. Components - chips, resin obtained as a result of controlled chemical processes, antiseptics, fire retardant.
4. Insulation with a base of fiberboard . It resembles chipboard in its own way. The base is wood waste, or trimmed corn and straw stalks. The material may well also consist of compressed old paper.
5. Polyurethane foam is based on polyester, this includes H2O, emulsifier and isocyanates. When catalysts begin to act, all elements interact under the influence chemical reaction, at which it appears the new kind insulation.

Inorganic heat insulators

There are two types of mineral wool: slag and stone. To produce the first, companies use slag. Stone wool is distinguished by: CaCO3, rocks that are used for paving streets, minerals containing calcium and magnesia, volcanic rocks and others.

External insulation of brick walls - how to choose optimal thermal insulation?

Minvata

This concept includes the following varieties:

• glass wool, as well as stone wool;

• slag wool

All these materials are characterized by corresponding fibers, which are based on glass, rocks, and slag.

Averages:

• thermal conductivity – 0.041-0.044 W/(mK);
• impermeability – 20-200 kg/m3.

Before deciding whether to insulate a brick facade with this material, it is necessary to take into account that it is prone to excessive absorption of moisture. Therefore, it is additionally treated with special chemical materials.

Mineral wool

Styrofoam

Oversized material, which due to its characteristics and affordable price has become the most popular material for thermal insulation. In the construction market you can always find a copy whose average indicators are:

• thermal conductivity – 0.033-0.037 W/(mK);
• impermeability – 11-35 kg/m3.

Foam plastic is practically free from moisture, plus it is vapor-proof. In addition, the material is quite fragile, easily flammable, and during smoldering it emits many dangerous chemical elements. This material has many disadvantages, but as an economical option will do perfect.

Styrofoam

Extruded polystyrene foam

In terms of its characteristics, the material resembles the foam plastic described above, only there is one difference - exclusively the latest developments are used in its production.

Averages:

• thermal conductivity – 0.028-0.032 W/(mK);
• impermeability – 25-38 kg/m3.

It is often used for external insulation; it is quite strong and retains heat well. Naturally, its cost is several times higher than that of the two options discussed above.

Warm plaster

It is distinguished by sound insulation and vapor permeability.

Characteristics:

• thermal conductivity – 0.065 W/(mK);
• impermeability – 200-340 kg/m3.

This ideal insulation in order to cladding an external wall brick house, but requires special conditions due to its characteristics:

• layer of plaster no more than 50 mm;
• the foundation must be further strengthened.

Plaster

Thermal panels

This material is distinguished by both thermal insulation and the ability to cover the surface of walls..

Characteristics:

• thermal conductivity – 0.025 W/(mK);
• impermeability – 45-55 kg/m3.

NOTE!

Today on the market you can find panels that are produced as imitation siding or lining. They are covered with a special quartz coating.

Thermal panels

Pie wall - what elements does a brick wall consist of?

1. Plaster - from 10 to 35 mm depending on the chosen option for the brick wall;
2. Hollow or solid brick;
3. Foam plastic PSB 25 (from 70 to 120 mm);
4. Steel lathing;
5. Vapor barrier and wind barrier multifunctional membrane.
6. Plaster or mortar known;
7. Exterior finishing - facing brick or decorative plaster.

wall pie

A few words about waterproofing and vapor barrier

At the stage of thermal insulation of the wall, it is necessary to pay Special attention for vapor barrier, otherwise the insulating material will become unusable after some time. Classic material for vapor barrier is polyethylene.

When installing, you must handle it extremely carefully and do not pull it too hard, otherwise the film may become deformed, especially during seasonal changes in climatic conditions.

Waterproofing

Frequently used vapor barrier material It is customary to consider mastics specially created for these purposes. If they are applied to the wall, they will allow air to pass through while retaining moisture. Waterproofing protects various building structures from moisture penetration. It is easy to apply, does not require special qualifications from workers, and does not form seams.

For brick walls Instead of vapor barrier, plaster is very often used, which in the case of mineral wool not very true, because the insulation will begin to dampen.

Vapor barrier and waterproofing

Sealing cracks and preparing sheathing

It is better to replace damaged walls or major renovation. Gaps in joints are sealed with natural materials or synthetic stone sealants.

Before insulating the wall, you need to take care of preparing the sheathing. The distance between its bars should be determined based on the width of the insulation board. It is important to use a building level to check the vertical and horizontal surface for finishing. The sheathing bars should be directed perpendicular to the direction of the facing panel.

Brick wall sheathing

Don’t forget about installing transverse sheathing to ensure high-quality ventilation.

For the convenience of installing intermediate elements of the sheathing, a rope is pulled from the corner beam from below and above the facade. Some people mark future elements with chalk.

Insulation of a brick wall from the outside using mineral wool as an example

1. WITH outside brick base needs to be sheathed OSB boards , between them you need to maintain the gaps, the size of which is indicated by the manufacturer. After installation, the gaps are filled with foam.
2. Then, on the outside, a membrane with waterproofing is stretched, which protects the mineral wool from moisture., over which all the exterior decoration. Many companies produce waterproofing materials with strips on which connecting elements are applied for a tighter joint. If such strips are missing, the joints should be glued with double-sided tape.
3. Then the mineral wool sheets are tightly installed. Often a material is used whose density starts at 35-50 kg/m3. A material with a lower density will certainly settle or roll off, which will cause cold to pass through the formed voids.
4. Mineral wool slabs are installed so that the previous mine connections are covered. by 150-200 mm. The overall thickness of insulation is based on climate and temperature indicators, but the average is 150 mm.
5. After laying the sealant into the walls, all voids that appear are filled with film for installation.

Insulation with mineral wool

Insulation under siding

Thermal insulation with polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam - basic principles

Today, many builders insulate their facades with extruded polystyrene foam. The slabs are laid taking into account the degree of horizontality. Sags will ideally cope with the task. When installing the slab, it is extremely necessary to pay attention to maintaining the uniformity of the profile strip; for this, a building level is used.

The joining of slabs is carried out according to the principle brickwork, in other words, you need to install half the slab every row. The cracks are sealed with liquid polystyrene and pieces of polystyrene foam, but it is better not to use polyurethane foam. If the slabs are poorly joined, this can be easily corrected with a float.

Foam boards are attached with glue, but do not forget about special dowels with caps. Otherwise, due to strong gusts of wind, the slabs will fall off.

As for polyurethane foam, this is a new generation material that:

• Is non-toxic and environmentally friendly;
• Does not lose its characteristics for a long time and lasts for more than half a century;
• It hardens in a short period of time, thanks to which installation time is significantly reduced;
• Insulation materials based on Polyurethane are completely safe for health. After hardening, this material becomes environmentally friendly;
• Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam is characterized by the lowest possible flammability when compared with other types of insulation;
• Polyurethane foam is not capable of transmitting or absorbing moisture. Thanks to excellent thermal insulation, home owners are free from problems associated with the formation of condensation, mold and mildew.

Thermal insulation with polystyrene foam

Thermal insulation PPU

Insulating a brick house from the outside has a number of advantages. The main thing is to choose the right material and use it rationally, taking into account all the subtleties.

Useful video

How to insulate a brick wall with your own hands:

In contact with

In private construction, brick is still particularly popular for building the walls of a house. Houses built of brick can be found almost everywhere. But, despite its excellent performance qualities, such a house requires insulation. The issue of insulating a brick house is especially acute today, when the cost of energy is quite high and every kilowatt of energy has to be saved. The solution in this situation is to create reliable thermal insulation of the house, which can reduce heat loss to a minimum. All work on arranging thermal insulation can be done on your own, especially since how to insulate brick house, there is nothing complicated.

Specifics of insulation of a brick house

When planning to insulate a brick house, you must remember that insulating a house is a whole range of work aimed at reducing heat loss through the roof, walls, floor and foundation. And in order to answer the question of how to properly insulate a brick house, you will first have to find out what kind of brick and what kind of masonry the house is built from, consider the types of insulation of a brick house and decide on the materials for its insulation.

Features of brick walls

Unlike concrete or wooden walls, the brick walls have a row characteristic features. Firstly, the walls can be made of solid or hollow bricks. The thermal conductivity of a brick wall depends on this, the indicator of which is in the middle between wood 0.2 W/(m K) and concrete 1.5 W/(m K) and amounts to 0.4 W/(m K). Secondly, the masonry can be continuous and with an air pocket (well masonry). Depending on what type of brick is used and what kind of masonry is made, the thickness of the walls changes, and at the same time performance characteristics And required thickness thermal insulation layer.

Important! The average thermal conductivity values ​​are shown above. Depending on the type of wood and the materials used for the production of brick and concrete, thermal conductivity indicators may fluctuate in one direction or another. Thus, concrete with the addition of expanded clay has a thermal conductivity of 0.66 W/(m K), solid sand-lime brick 0.7 W/(m K), and pine 0.09 W/(m K). Therefore, before you start insulating the walls of your house, it is important to know what they are made of and how thick they are.

Regarding the masonry method, it should be noted that with continuous masonry, insulation is placed over the entire area of ​​the wall on one or both sides. In this case, the thickness of the layer directly depends on the thickness of the wall: the thicker the wall, the smaller the layer will be required. In the case of well masonry, the insulation is placed inside the wall, between the bricks. This approach is also called in-wall insulation. It can provide additional thermal insulation by air gap between the outer and inner walls, and when using heat-insulating material it can reduce heat loss by half.

Types of insulation

There are three types of insulation: external, internal, and internal. External insulation is the most popular and involves placing insulation on the outside of the building. This approach will provide additional protection walls from various types of natural phenomena. Unfortunately, external insulation of a brick house has its drawbacks - the seasonality of the work and the fairly high cost of materials. Internal insulation at home, in addition to wall insulation, provides insulation interfloor ceilings, floor, attic and roof. Internal insulation can be carried out almost at any time of the year. The third type is intra-wall insulation; it can only be performed at the stage of wall construction. Therefore, those who purchased an already built house will not be able to perform this type of insulation.

Characteristics of thermal insulation materials

It is necessary to select materials for insulating a brick house with special care, paying attention to their characteristics. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, some thermal insulation materials can only be used for interior decoration, some are for outdoor use only. Secondly, the density of the material and its thermal conductivity coefficient will depend total weight and the thickness of the insulating layer. Thirdly, from the resistance of the material to various types negative impacts depends on its durability and ability to maintain its performance qualities. Fourthly, than more natural material, all the better. Below are the main characteristics with their brief description, to which special attention should be paid.

• Coefficient of thermal conductivity. The lower this indicator, the smaller the thickness of the thermal insulation layer will be.
• Water absorption coefficient. Just as in the case of thermal conductivity, the lower this indicator, the better. The water absorption of a material indicates its resistance to moisture absorption.
• Density. Essentially, this indicator reflects the mass of thermal insulation. The higher it is, the heavier the material.
• Flammability class. There are four flammability classes in total. Materials of class G1 stop burning without a fire source, so their use is more preferable in construction.
• Durability of the material. With this indicator everything is simple. It indicates how long a given material will last without losing its performance characteristics.
• Vapor capacity. The ability of the material to “breathe”, allowing moist air to pass through it, will be very useful for internal insulation of premises, which will only increase comfortable living in the house.
• Soundproofing abilities. Some thermal insulation materials also have excellent soundproofing properties, which allows you to significantly save on special soundproofing materials.
• Environmental friendliness. This indicator only indicates the naturalness of the materials and will be useful for those who strive to make their home as safe as possible for living in it.
• Difficulty of installation. This indicator only affects the speed and ease of installation, which will be especially useful for beginners in the construction business.

IN modern construction Do-it-yourself insulation of a brick house is carried out using various materials. Below are the usual artificial materials and natural ones that are gaining popularity again:

• Mineral wool. Perhaps the most commonly used thermal insulation. Its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.041-0.044 W/(m.K) and its density is from 20 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3. Among the disadvantages, high moisture absorption should be noted. More suitable for internal insulation.
• Expanded polystyrene (foam). The second most popular insulation material. Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.033 - 0.037 W/(m.K), density 11 to 35 kg/m3. This material practically does not absorb moisture, but at the same time its vapor permeability is practically zero. In addition, it is fragile, flammable and releases toxic substances when burned. Can be used both inside and outside the building.
• Extruded polystyrene foam. Thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.028 - 0.032 W/(m.K), density is from 25 to 38 kg/m3. Unlike regular foam, extruded polystyrene foam is stronger, but otherwise they are almost identical. Suitable for external and internal work.
• Expanded clay. The thermal conductivity coefficient ranges from 0.10 to 0.18 W/(m.K), density 200 - 800 kg/m3. Quite a narrow range of applications. It is mainly added to concrete for the foundation or construction of a monolithic frame of a house. It can also be used for in-wall insulation.
• "Warm" plaster. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.065 W/(m.K), density 200 - 340 kg/m3. This material has quite a lot of advantages - sound insulation, vapor permeability, low water permeability, non-flammability, etc. But there are two significant drawbacks. The first - the maximum layer of such plaster should not exceed 50 mm, the second - heavy weight, which entails the need for a reinforced foundation. But in general, this is an excellent insulation material for both external and internal work.
• Cork insulation. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.045 - 0.06 W/(m.K), density 240 - 250 kg/m3. This natural material Ideal for internal insulation due to its performance properties. The only serious disadvantage is the high degree of flammability. Best used for internal insulation.
• Ecowool or cellulose wadding . The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.032 - 0.038 W/(m.K), density 30 - 75 kg/m3. Ecowool obtained as a result of processing cellulose perfectly absorbs moisture and does not tolerate mechanical loads. Used only for internal insulation. It is usually used to insulate attics.

When starting to insulate an already built brick house, first of all you need to do small project, indicating in it all areas that require insulation with the materials used and their quantity. It should be remembered that for internal and external work they use various materials. If the house is under construction, then everything necessary calculations indicated in project documentation All that remains is to purchase everything you need and start working.

As noted earlier, this type of insulation can only be carried out at the stage of wall construction. To do this you need to do the following:

1. First we lay the outer wall, where every 5 rows of brick we insert a metal pin made of wire with a diameter of 5 mm into the seam. We select the length of the pin in such a way as to recess it by 2 - 3 cm and the remaining part of the wire should be 2 - 3 cm greater than the thickness of the heat-insulating material used;
2. as soon as an external wall 1 - 1.5 m high has been erected, we begin installing the thermal insulation in place, resting the materials on the pins;
3. at the end we carry out the masonry interior wall, after which we raise the outer one again. And so on to the very top.

The method described above is suitable for materials produced in mats or slabs, such as polystyrene foam, mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. You can also use expanded clay. To do this, you will have to erect both walls at once to a height of 1 - 1.5 m, leaving a gap of 10 - 15 cm between them and tying them together with metal pins at the masonry seams. Then we pour expanded clay inside and continue building the walls. For this method of insulation, you should choose expanded clay of a large fraction. Since it has less density and hence its overall weight will be less.

Important! You don’t have to limit yourself to just in-wall insulation of a brick house. The walls of such a house can be additionally insulated from the outside.

Insulation of a brick house from the outside

External insulation of a brick house consists of insulating the walls, basement and outer walls of the foundation. The technology for insulating a brick house from the outside is to clean the walls of the building from construction waste and dirt for further fixing a multi-layer thermal insulation cake on them or arranging on top bare walls hanging structure with thermal insulation placed inside. Materials you can use include polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, and “warm” plaster. In this case, one simple rule must be observed - the sequence of arrangement of materials for insulating the walls of a brick house from the outside should be such that the vapor permeability of each subsequent layer increases towards the outer edge.

To insulate the walls of a brick house from the outside with polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam, you need to do the following. Perform basic plastering of the walls to smooth out the main unevenness, then clean the surface of dirt and treat it with a primer. Then, in one of two ways, either with glue or with the help of facade dowels “umbrellas”, we fix the sheets of thermal insulation to the wall.

If you chose the first method, then you need to apply glue to the surface of the sheet and press it tightly against the wall. We carry out the work from the bottom up, placing the sheets gradually row by row. At the same time, each next row We shift it relative to the previous one, arranging the sheets in a checkerboard pattern. In this simple way, the stability of the entire structure is achieved. When fastening with façade dowels, we perform the same operations, with the difference that the glue is applied pointwise to the surface of the sheet in small portions. Then, after gluing, we drill a hole in the wall through the sheet into which we insert the dowel. We reinforce the resulting surface with a special mesh, plaster it and perform finishing paint or decorative plaster.

Video: insulating a brick house from the outside with polystyrene foam

Another popular way of external wall insulation is to create ventilated facade. The creation work is as follows. The first thing you need to do is place a layer of vapor barrier on the surface of the wall, then create and anchor a metal or wooden frame. After this, we place between the frame slats thermal insulation material, on top of which we lay a layer of waterproofing. For a ventilated façade, basalt or mineral wool is most often used. We fix the heat- and waterproofing materials to the wall using the already familiar façade dowels with a wide head. At the end we install external cladding from siding, porcelain stoneware or other material.

The simplest and most accessible option for external insulation is to use "warm" plasters. The work consists of cleaning the walls from dirt, after which their surface is impregnated with a primer. Next it is fixed on the wall plaster mesh and beacons on which “warm” plaster will be applied. After the plastered walls have dried, they can be finished with decorative “bark beetle” plaster, clinker tiles, decorative facade brick or just paint it.

Insulation of the foundation and basement of a brick house is carried out by analogy with walls, with the only difference that it is not customary to create a ventilated façade for the foundation or basement. Most often, insulation is performed with polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, clinker tiles or “warm” plaster.

Insulation of a brick house from the inside

Heat loss through external walls is only a portion of the total heat loss. Most of the heat is lost through the roof and floor of a brick house. Of course, to more reliably retain heat, you can insulate the walls from the inside, and this will require very little effort. Let's consider the internal insulation of a brick house as it is being built, starting from the floor and ending with the roof.

Floor insulation in a brick house

It is best to insulate floors in a brick house during its construction. It is also possible to insulate an already built house, but this is associated with increased labor costs. This is due to the need to dismantle and repair an existing wooden or concrete floor. Floor insulation is carried out using polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral and basalt wool or expanded clay. Separately, we should highlight the “warm floor” system, which, in combination with conventional insulation, will retain heat and provide additional heating to the house.

During the construction of a new house, insulation wooden floors is done as follows:

• Having created a structure of joists and a subfloor made of waterproof plywood, we lay a layer of waterproofing on top of them. Edges between each other waterproofing material let it overlap, and bring the edges along the perimeter up with an overlap of 10 - 15 cm;
• Next, we place insulation in the space between the joists. If desired, a layer of vapor barrier can be laid on top of the insulation;
• the next will be a rough floor made of boards, on top of which the finishing floor and floor covering will be laid.

If the house has two or more floors, then the insulation of the floors of the upper floors will also be insulation of the ceiling in a brick house. In fact, you will have to create a wooden floor on joists with insulation inside on the second floor.

Creating thermal insulation in an already built brick house begins with dismantling and repairing the wooden floor. After which, if necessary, excess soil is excavated, a new substrate of sand and crushed stone is backfilled and compacted. Finally, the structure is assembled from logs and insulation according to the scheme described above.

While a wooden floor can still be dismantled with minimal labor, a concrete floor will require enormous effort and a lot of time to remove the old screed. Therefore, it is extremely important to insulate concrete floors during the construction stage of a house. The work itself is as follows:

• After creating and compacting a cushion of sand and crushed stone on the ground, we perform rough screed, lay a layer of waterproofing on top;

Important! To reduce the thermal conductivity of concrete, expanded clay should be added to it. Such concrete will have a thermal conductivity of 0.66 W/(m K), and not the usual 1.5 W/(m K).

• Next we lay the thermal insulation. For concrete floors, polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam are used. In addition to these materials, others can be laid. The main thing is to choose a material with the greatest strength and density of more than 160 kg/m3;
• a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of this multi-layer cake and poured finishing screed, after which the finishing floor covering is laid.

Insulation of walls from inside a brick house

In most cases, insulation of walls inside a brick house is not carried out due to the presence of external thermal insulation. But sometimes internal insulation is still necessary. Especially when the thickness of the walls or the maximum layer of thermal insulation on the outside is not enough to retain heat. To insulate brick walls from the inside, mineral and stone wool, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, cork or “warm” plaster.

Internal insulation of the walls of a brick house is as follows:

• clean the walls from dirt and saturate them with primer;
• using wooden beams or metallic profile, arrange the frame and secure it to the wall. The frame posts are placed in increments of 40 cm or 60 cm;
• if necessary, having trimmed the thermal insulation to fit the width of the opening between the posts, we lay it inside the resulting structure;
• We cover the top with plasterboard, plaster and apply the final finish.

Important! Internal insulation of a brick house with polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam is extremely undesirable due to the toxicity and flammability of these materials.

Insulation of the attic and roof of a brick house

When it comes to the question of how best to insulate a brick house, it is impossible to ignore such parts of the house as the roof and attic. After all, it is through them that up to 40% of the total heat loss can evaporate. This is due to the simple laws of physics, according to which warm air lighter than cold and therefore all the heat goes up. Therefore, in order to maintain heat in a brick house, it is so important to insulate the roof and attic.

To insulate the attic you need to do the following:

• if you use floor beams as joists, you can build the already familiar structure of a wooden floor with insulation, but with minor changes;
• We cover the beams themselves and the space between them with a vapor barrier;
• then fill the space between the beams with ecowool, mineral wool or basalt wool;
• On top, for ease of movement around the attic, we lay a subfloor made of rough boards.

Important! To maintain the performance properties of the thermal insulation of the attic and roof, it is necessary to equip high-quality ventilation of the under-roof space.

Insulation of the roof of a house is carried out as follows:

• We lay it across the entire area of ​​the structure between the rafters and secure a vapor barrier. We let the edges of the material overlap each other and glue them with tape;
• We place thermal insulation material in the space between the rafters. It can be polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral or basalt wool, as well as any other insulation with low thermal conductivity and low density;
• We lay another layer of vapor barrier on top and, to maintain the insulation in place, we attach the sheathing in increments of 0.4 - 0.5 m.

Despite the large amount of work involved in creating thermal insulation for a brick house, everything is quite simple. Anyone who knows how to use a tool and has minimal experience construction work. In order for everything to be done correctly, it is necessary to adhere to SNiPs and recommendations of specialists.

Building a house from brick is quite popular throughout the territory. Russian Federation, because Brick walls have many advantages. They are reliable, fire-resistant and can last for many years. But there are also disadvantages, for example, they do not retain heat effectively enough. The problem can be easily eliminated if you carry out additional external insulation of the brick walls of the house special materials. Almost every owner wonders how to insulate a brick house from the outside.

In the process of building a brick house, you have to spend a lot of money, which is why the question very often arises of how to carry out work on insulating a house with your own hands. Everything is quite simple and if you approach the issue thoroughly, study all the nuances and choose the right material, insulating a house from sand-lime brick will be possible without the involvement of hired specialists. Any hardware store salesperson knows the answer to the question of how to insulate a brick house from the outside.

There are quite a lot of insulation technologies; first, let’s consider the type of insulation for siding.

The question of what is the best way to insulate a brick house from the outside comes up very often on specialized forums. It is worth thoroughly studying all the information presented and choosing what suits you. The main division of wall insulation occurs according to the principle of installation; there are those that require additional finishing, and those that do not need it. There are simply a huge number of varieties of materials for insulation and sound insulation, many of them are similar in characteristics, and differ only in price and manufacturer.

• Mineral insulation (Minvata). It is very often used due to the fact that its price is quite low and its characteristics are suitable. For example, its thermal conductivity is 0.04 W/(m*K). In addition, it is quite environmentally friendly and can be installed even by an inexperienced person. Mineral wool is capable of burning, so it has low level fire safety, which can be considered a minus, and during installation it will be necessary to carry out additional work related to moisture insulation of the walls, because the material absorbs condensation well.
• Expanded polystyrene (foam plastic). Thermal conductivity 0.036 W/(m*K). Lightweight, practical, with high moisture resistance. Just like mineral wool, it is environmentally friendly. The disadvantages of insulating a brick house from the outside with polystyrene foam are toxic emissions during combustion, fragility, and vapor permeability.
• Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex), a warm counterpart to ordinary polystyrene. But it is produced using a different, fundamentally new technology. Thanks to this, it has improved characteristics of heat and noise insulation, as well as steam and water permeability. Insulating a house with penoplex is very popular.
• It is possible to insulate a brick house from the outside modern methods, using foaming technology. Mounting polyurethane foam. The product is new, but has already conquered a large part of the market. Excellent insulation and protection from moisture. Minus, application is carried out using special equipment.

insulation of a brick house from the outside by spraying polyurethane foam

Two types of insulation that do not require additional finishing

• Another method of insulating a brick wall from the outside, using a brick thermal panel, this is enough new technology. The main advantage is that there is no need to hide such panels under siding. They have a beautiful appearance.

Thermal panels for brick

• insulation for a brick house using warm plaster, innovative look. It is becoming increasingly popular in our country due to its simplicity and low cost.

Insulation for a brick house using warm plaster

Installation diagram for siding

Surely not everyone knows how to properly insulate a brick house from the outside, or more precisely how to install the insulation. Installation of insulation groups under siding is fundamentally similar for all types of materials in this group. Before insulating a brick wall from the outside, it is necessary to set up the frame for subsequent installation of siding. To do this you will need to have:

• A hammer drill with an 8 mm drill, or an impact drill with a drill of the same diameter.
• Screwdriver.
• Construction level.
• Construction corner.
• Roulette, hammer.

As a material for making the frame, you can use a metal profile 60*27mm, or wooden blocks cross section 50*50 mm.

Work should begin by clearing the wall of everything that will interfere with the installation of the frame. Remove sills and slopes from windows. After which you can begin installing the end bars. If the wall to be insulated is quite flat, then the frame can be made of wood, and the bars can be secured with dowels - nails, all the way through. For external walls that have uneven surfaces, it is better to use a metal profile.

The end bars are installed using building level, strictly vertical. After which, for convenience, a cord is pulled between them; it is convenient to control the installation of the remaining bars along it. All installed bars must be at a distance of 60 cm from each other in the same plane.

The insulation is cut into pieces of the required length and placed between the bars. It should be secured using dowels - nails for insulating materials, having previously drilled holes for them in the wall.

If additional vapor barrier is necessary, it is mounted before installing the bars, directly on the wall, and only then proceed to installing the frame bars. If a metal profile is used as a frame, the whole scheme looks approximately the same, only instead of bars, profiles are installed using special hangers.

Insulation with polyurethane foam

The process of insulating the brick walls of a house from the outside, using polyurethane foam, the order of work is slightly different. You should start by cleaning the wall and removing anything that gets in the way correct installation frame. The next stage is marking and installing hangers for mounting profiles on the wall. After installing the hangers, begin applying polyurethane foam. Final stage After applying the foam, this is the installation of profiles. As in the case of bars, the outer profiles are installed first, and then the lace is pulled and the rest are mounted with its help. The profiles must be in the same plane.

Important: Before applying the foam, the hangers should be bent in such a way that they are ready for installing profiles in them; if this is not done, then after applying the foam this will no longer be possible.

After installing the frame and insulation, next stage– installation of siding. The installation diagram depends on the type of siding panels, but general points are worth noting.

• Installation is carried out starting from the bottom of the house.
• The installation of the first panel is carried out strictly horizontally using a level.
• Each subsequent panel is mounted into the previous one.

The façade of a brick house can be finished using other technologies. For example, install slabs mineral insulation(mineral wool) and then plaster and paint the surface. Or insulate the outside walls with penoplex and cover them with brick.

Insulation of the facade of a brick house using a clinker thermal panel has fundamental difference from installation of mineral wool and other similar types insulation. It consists in the fact that the installation of a frame and, accordingly, siding is not required. The pattern of clinker panels can be different, there are panels that look like bricks, a natural stone, etc.

Before installation, as in the case of conventional insulation, the wall must be cleaned of dust, dirt and anything that could interfere with installation. Installation of the clinker panel is done from the bottom up. From the outside, the process resembles assembling a puzzle. First, the corners and base are assembled, then the inside of the wall is gradually filled. Fastening occurs using dowel nails for insulating materials, as well as a small amount of polyurethane foam, which is applied under the insulation and subsequently glues it to it.

Warm plaster

Abroad, for a long time, this type of insulation of the external walls of a brick house is considered one of the best and is used almost everywhere. In Russia, the benefits of warm plaster have not yet been properly appreciated, although many builders are already using it in practice.

Warm plaster, has a composition almost the same as ordinary plaster, only instead of sand, foam bubbles, or perlite or vermiculite are added to it.

Styrofoam - good insulation, anyone knows this, even those unfamiliar with construction technologies Human. The use of plaster with the addition of polystyrene foam will allow you to insulate the house without high costs and in a short time. Applying plaster does not require special preparation of the walls. Simply moisten with water and you can apply the mixture. Thermal insulation using warm plaster is quite effective because... there are no joints, cracks or other defects left on the wall through which heat can escape. Another indisputable advantage is the complete non-combustibility of the plaster and the absence of the need to replace the slopes on the windows, which will also allow you to save on finishing.

In addition to the article, watch the video:

Sand-lime brick cheap material, but has poor thermal conductivity characteristics and reduced durability and reliability. All that remains is to finish it with modern high-quality heat insulator

Dmitry Belkin

Wall made of sand-lime brick. Thermal insulation with polystyrene foam on the outside

Description

Until recently, a wall made of sand-lime brick was chosen because of its low cost. However consumer qualities sand-lime bricks are not very good. Sand-lime brick is dense, heavy, fragile, and is easily exposed to water, wind and frost. Honestly, I don't know why they are still making it. If you need a durable one bearing wall, you can always use blocks based on any concrete. If anyone knows about the advantages of sand-lime brick, please write to me about them and enlighten me. However, there are such walls, and there are many of them! So you should pay attention to such walls.

Polystyrene foam was used as a heat insulator. In fact, in the case of a wall made of sand-lime brick, such a scheme is quite workable. These two materials have approximately the same coefficient of water vapor diffusion.

Vapor barrier

Not required. If the inside is finished with plasterboard or plaster, then there will even be a place for water vapor to be absorbed and, thus, a kind of breathing walls will be created.

Difficulties/dangers/disadvantages

1. - the wall must be built by sufficient specialists high level, so you won’t be able to save money on this.
2. - the wall can be of small thickness (1.5 bricks).
3. - The foam layer should be at least 100 mm.
4. - The wall and the house as a whole are heavy, hence the special requirements for the foundation.
5. - Cement, sand, delivery, labor increases the cost of the wall.

Here is an excerpt from a reader's letter.

“I bought a box at home, it was lined with one and a half bricks of ordinary sand-lime brick. External wall I’m thinking of insulating it with polystyrene foam using the recommended technology - soil, insulation (100mm), reinforcement. mesh, primer, putty..."

In principle I agree, but I give additional advice. Perform thermal insulation not with 100 mm thick slabs, but with 50 mm thick slabs, which should be laid on top of each other very tightly with overlapping seams. That is, in such a way that the seam of the first level of polystyrene foam necessarily overlaps completely with the second level of foam plastic, and there were no cases when the seam was located exactly above the seam of the lower layer. Glue the foam to each other somehow special glue and fit the seams tightly. Apply the glue pointwise, do not apply the glue with a brush.

Reducing heat loss and creating comfortable conditions In a brick building, reliable thermal insulation contributes. Insulation of a house made of sand-lime brick is necessary and is due to the instability of the material to moisture. Additional thermal insulation corrects this drawback. Insulation is selected depending on the type of brick and type of masonry.

How are they insulated?

Moisture absorption and moisture permeability of structures in buildings made of sand-lime brick is eliminated by insulating them. Besides, thermal insulation keeps the house warm in winter and cool in summer. The insulation of walls depends on them. There are two types of insulation:

• from the inside;
• outside.

Internal insulation of structures in houses made of sand-lime brick is rarely done, since the dew point moves inward, which contributes to the formation of condensation on the walls and requires installation effective system ventilation. In addition, the slopes, floor and ceiling will need to be insulated. The insulation can be basalt fiber slabs and foam glass.

To insulate walls from the inside, only environmentally friendly materials with low flammability are used to avoid the release of harmful substances into the room.

Otherwise, the house can be insulated with polystyrene foam.

The outside of sand-lime brick is insulated using the following materials:

• mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• polyurethane;
• expanded polystyrene.

Material calculation

To effectively insulate a house and avoid moving the dew point inward, you need to correctly calculate the thickness of the insulation. The thickness of the material depends on its thermal resistance. The average indicator of this value for walls in private and multi-storey buildings must be at least 3.5. The lower the thermal resistance of the wall, the thicker the layer of insulation material will be. The calculation is performed using the formula: R=d/k, where d is the thickness of the material, k is the thermal conductivity coefficient. Indicators k are a constant value and are given in the table.

For polyurethane foam, you need to calculate the thickness of the insulation.

For example, calculate the thickness of a layer of polyurethane foam to insulate a structure made of sand-lime brick with a thickness of 0.5 m. First, determine the thermal resistance of the wall: R = 0.5/0.7 = 0.71. This indicator is calculated for polyurethane foam: R (p) = 3.5-0.71 = 2.79. The insulation layer is found using the formula: d = R (p) x k = 2.79 × 0.02 = 0.0558 m. Thus, the polyurethane foam layer must be at least 55 mm.