A hipped roof is a roof that has a hipped roof covering. It consists of identical triangular slopes, necessarily isosceles, connecting in the center. Maintaining symmetry is the main thing in constructing such a roof.

In its outline, this type of roof is similar to a tent, hence the name. Since the hip roof has a similar geometry to a tetrahedral pyramid, such a roof is often called pyramidal(pyramid roof).

More often hip roof erected over square-shaped buildings. Sometimes, when constructing a hip roof, a larger number of slopes are used, the main thing is that in appearance it resembles a pyramid or a polygon with equal sides.

This is one of the varieties of hipped roofs. In terms of design and construction features, it is very similar to a hip roof: it also has no gables, and the eaves overhang runs at the same level along the entire perimeter of the building.

According to historians, the appearance of a roof in the form of a tent goes back centuries, even huts primitive people resembled the shape of tents. Excavations carried out in Mesopotamia, where one of the most ancient developed states once existed, show that even the ancient Sumerians erected buildings with roofs in the form of tents, such roofs were especially often used on religious buildings: temples, temples, chapels. Hip roofs can also be found on ancient towers and castles, where the structures strongly resemble a steep slope.

Currently, such roofs are often used in the construction of cottages, gazebos and other low-rise buildings.

Design

The design features of this type of roof include the arrangement of the rafter system; it is designed in two ways:

Hanging rafter system is as follows: rafter beams rest directly on the walls, creating horizontal pressure; this system requires a system of special ties. Used if the roof spans have big sizes, and the installation of supports is not provided for in the project.

Layered method more popular, but for its execution you need to have load-bearing wall, indoors. It bears the main load, but there is practically no pressure on the walls when constructing a roof in this way.

The hip-shaped roof has whole line benefits worth mentioning:

• for buildings with a hip roof, pediments are not provided, which greatly reduces the consumption of materials and work for the construction of pediments and hemming of eaves;
• a roof of this type has excellent aerodynamic properties, it is not afraid of strong winds, and the design features will prevent precipitation from entering the attic;
• the surface of such a roof is heated by the sun's rays from several sides at once; on sunny days, the room under an uninsulated roof will be warmer;
• The slopes of such a roof are located at a certain angle, which helps drain rainwater and melting snow from the roof.

But, like every design, this roof also has a number of disadvantages:

• a hip roof is quite complex to design and construct, but upon completion of construction, a rich appearance and ease of use often hide this drawback;
• the design of this roof is replete with a large number of connections, beams and rafters, it is necessary to strictly monitor the reliability of all components and connections in order to avoid loss of rigidity and plane shape during the construction of the roof;
• cost of construction - to install such a roof, as a rule, it is necessary to hire professionals in their field, which always increases the cost of the construction process;
• an attic or attic, built under a tent-shaped roof, is significantly smaller in size than a room under a gable roof;
• large waste when using most roofing coatings (especially).

Popularity

The use of hip roofs in our time has received enough widespread, they are used not only in private construction, but also in the construction of all kinds of modern buildings. They are also used to decorate buildings intended for entertainment centers or expensive restaurants. Such a roof gives any building extravagance and exoticism.

More complex buildings are designed based on a hip roof. Currently, gable elements, dormer windows and elements of other types of roofs are added to a tent-based structure in unlimited quantities. Parts of hip roofs are cut in, complicating the structure and giving it a more beautiful and elegant look.

Hip roofs attract attention from afar. The apparent simplicity and laconicism of the roof's shape is captivating, so the desire to make such a roof is quite natural. What needs to be provided for construction and how to properly build a hip roof with your own hands?

Among all the variety of roofs for private houses, a tent or hip roof is the most economical in terms of materials for construction. The roof slopes consist of isosceles triangles that form a common apex, and a square serves as the base.

A hipped roof is a type of hipped roof. Another name for a hip roof is hip roof. Its base is a rectangle: 2 side faces are triangular, and the others are trapezoidal.

The ideal symmetry of the building system and roof slopes requires coordinated actions and accurate calculations during its independent construction. In order to make such a roof, it is important to carefully study the features of its design.

The main elements of the hip roof rafter system are:

• Mauerlat support beam, which acts as a support for the ends of the rafters;

• diagonal rafters located at the corners of the frame;

• supports-struts;

• shortened rafters or rafters, which are attached to the sloped rafters;

• additional supports (beams, crossbars and purlins) that create rigidity for the roof.

But be that as it may, the complex arrangement of rafter and hip roof components creates a stable system that is used in the construction of private houses. Of course, to build a hip roof with your own hands you will need an accurate calculation, the formulas of which are based on trivial methods for calculating triangles.

How to perform hip roof calculations

The main goal of calculating such a roof is to find the volume of materials required for its construction (underlayment, roofing material), lathing and installation of the rafter system according to certain parameters. In addition to volumetric parameters, the slope angle of the slope is calculated, as well as the overall dynamic strength of the system.

Naturally, in terms of the number of parameters, the calculation is quite complex and voluminous, so it is best to use an online calculator, which you can easily find on the Internet.

As a result of this calculation, you will receive the following data:

• total roof surface area (including overhangs);
• angles of inclination of the side rafters;
• lengths of side, diagonal and slanting rafters;
• the required number of rafters for the system;
• recommended rafter section;
• number of rows of sheathing;
• volumes of timber for rafters.

Do-it-yourself hip roof: photos, videos, process features

It is better to start the construction of a hip roof with small ones architectural forms(for example, garage roofs or open gazebo). An excellent opportunity to study roof construction technology and further improve your work skills.

Frame arrangement

The frame of such a roof has a simple design and consists of four diagonal rafters and eight struts (each rafter has two struts).

Roof installation always begins with the construction of the frame. It is important to understand that for wooden houses the frame rests on the upper rims, for houses made of foam concrete and brick houses - on the Mauerlat.

Installation of support bars and mauerlat

Methods for attaching the Mauerlat:

• using rafter studs;

• using steel wire;

• using anchor bolts.

Fastening the Mauerlat using wire is done by laying steel wire at a distance of 20-30 mm. As soon as the masonry has dried, the beam is wrapped with wire, after which its ends are secured.

The studs for fastening the rafters are L-shaped and have a depth of immersion in the concrete pad of up to 450 mm. The Mauerlat is placed and holes are drilled for installing studs. Next, the studs are installed in place, and then tightened with a nut.

Regardless of which method of mounting the Mauerlat you choose, you need to provide waterproofing layer. Before inserting the studs, the waterproofing material is pierced. After pouring concrete, you need to calculate the threads of the studs before the concrete has time to harden.

The Mauerlat is attached to the anchor bolts directly into the reinforced belt before pouring. To mark the holes for the anchor bolts, you need to prepare a board and mark the installation locations on it. Next, the board is applied to the edge of the Mauerlat and holes are drilled according to the markings. After preparation, the Mauerlat is put on the bolts, a washer is placed, then the nut is tightened.

Arrangement of the rafter system

Having aligned the Mauerlat along the perimeter of the roof, you can begin installing the rafter system, namely the diagonal rafters located along the diagonals of the hip roof. Please note that the main load of the system falls on the diagonal rafters. Diagonal beams are distinguished by their considerable length and significant weight.

Their installation is carried out according to a calculated non-thrust or spacer scheme, according to which the rafter leg of the beam can rest against the beam or mauerlat. The angle of inclination of the rafters can be up to 23°. The second pair of rafters is installed in exactly the same way. After installing the diagonal rafters, 2 short struts are adjacent to them.

During work, there may be a need to chip off the upper surface of the sloped rafter. It needs to be laid on the edge at an angle. The surface located in the valley is cut off with a groove. This makes laying the sheathing much easier.

Useful tips for erecting a hip roof

According to the selected project, all operations during the construction of a hip roof - the construction of sheathing, the installation of a valley, the framing of openings and pipes - are carried out during the installation of the rafter system. Strict adherence to construction technology will ensure excellent results.

Construction of your house on personal plot or in the countryside makes us wonder about the shape of the roof. The hip roof (or hip roof in other words) is becoming increasingly popular. Its tent-like design has both advantages and disadvantages. In order to install such a roof, it is not necessary to call professionals. You can assemble the frame with your own hands. To do this, you need to be able to make calculations and have at least some idea of ​​the design. The roof is attached in the same way as on other structures. To be sure, you can call a friend or neighbor.

1-Corner rafter. 2-Short rafters.3-Riding beam.
4-Central intermediate rafters. 5-Intermediate rafters.

The main advantage of the roof is its aerodynamics, which resists strong winds. Air currents they go down the slopes without causing harm, without even going into the attic. The main disadvantage of this is the complex frame, its installation and the fact that attic rooms small. The area is equal to the area of ​​the ceiling, but the useful volume is very small. Hip roof design (in classic version) is a pyramid with a square (4 triangular slopes) or rectangular (2 triangular, 2 trapezoidal slopes) base. Both triangular slopes (hips) and trapezoidal ones either rest on the walls of the house or extend beyond them.

About inversion roofing.

Roof construction: basic rules

Subject to the following rules:

1. When constructing the ridge system and rafters, the same type of wood is used.
2. Intermediate boards have a steeper angle of inclination, and therefore their size must be at least 50x150 mm.
3. The short members are attached to the rafter components located at the corners, rather than to the ridge board.
4. The design uses intermediate (central) rafters, which must be secured to the ridge board.
5. They must rest against the upper end of the harness and the ridge board. In order to do the installation yourself, you need to imagine the house and make a drawing.

• skate ( central part structures), which is the load-bearing axis;
• the power components of the rafter system are slanted rafters, one end of which protrudes beyond the building, and the other is fixed to the ridge;
• the central rafters are fixed at the ends of the ridge and extend to all the walls;
• intermediate rafters extend from the ridge and run along the slopes;

Hip roof: start of work

The installation of the hip roof should be done before installing the ceiling.

At the very beginning of work, we lay a beam (wooden or metal beam) around the perimeter of the house (on top of the walls) to distribute the weight over the entire surface.

At the very beginning of work, we lay a beam (wooden or metal beam) around the perimeter of the house (on top of the walls) to distribute the weight over the entire surface. It's called Mauerlat. We attach it to the wall of the house with special studs. Then we proceed as follows:

• first we mark the axis (from the end of the house along the top frame);
• calculate 1/2 thickness ridge beam and mark the installation location of the first element of the rafter system;
• after this, the measuring rod (one end) is applied to the marked line and the place of the intermediate rafter is marked;
• in order to calculate the overhang of the rafters, we place one end of the beam on and the other on external corner walls;
• the location of other elements of the central rafters is calculated by moving the slats along the side wall and marking the dislocation of each rafter;
• at the other three corners the actions are repeated.

Calculation of roof elements

To calculate, you will need a measuring rod. It is made of simple plywood and is 5 cm wide. There is also a special table of relationships between and their length. Based on the data given in the table, the leg length of each rafter is the product of the coefficient (intermediate or angular) of its projection.
To increase the accuracy and reliability of calculations, be sure to make calculations using this table.

To increase the accuracy and reliability of calculations, be sure to perform calculations using this table.

Calculation example

Using a batten we measure the projection (horizontal) of the intermediate rafter. Using this table, we find the angle of inclination that suits our case and multiply the data.

The calculation of the overhang length of the rafters is carried out in the same way. We multiply the projection (horizontal) by a coefficient. You can also calculate these data using the Pythagorean theorem for a right triangle: a2+b2=c2. In this case, a and b are horizontal and vertical projections.
Corner (oblique) elements. On one side, all rafters have an oblique cut, which is needed for attachment to the ridge beam. The ridge itself has an undercut with a double bevel (for reliable fixation of parts in the corners of the house). The rafter (corner) calculation is carried out as follows:

• measure the full from the corner;
• its projection is the product of the squares of the lengths of the projections of the rafters (central).

We multiply this number by a coefficient (according to the table) and find out the length of the corner rafter.

Then we begin to calculate the area of ​​the triangular slopes (hips). It is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. To make calculations easier, we represent the slope in the form of two right triangles. After this, we calculate the area of ​​the trapezoid of the side surface of the roof using the formula. In the end . The data of all areas is summed up, and the minimum area (or footage) of the roof is displayed.

Frame: DIY installation

Strengthening the roof directly depends on the dimensions of the building. An additional truss (beam between adjacent sides) is installed.

First, we install the verticals for the ridge beam (for a pyramidal roof, one post in the middle is enough). Then we begin the installation of diagonal rafters (equal in length). After this, they begin to install sloped, and then ordinary (in increments of 60 cm) rafters, which are attached using a notch to the ridge and the mauerlat. The cutting can be done either with your own hands or with a power tool. Next, we attach the splices to the diagonal guides to connect the Mauerlat and mowing beams (at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the ridge).

Remember! Ordinary beams should not touch the mounting points of the Mauerlat.

Strengthening the roof directly depends on the dimensions of the building. An additional truss (beam between adjacent sides) is installed. A stand or truss truss is mounted on it. If the building area is very large, then double beams are used for the diagonals.

Tools and materials

You will need the following tools and materials:

• saw or chainsaw;
• grinder or jigsaw;
• hammer, nails, dowels;
• plane or jointer;
• axe;
• drill, electric drill;
• beams and boards (preferably from the same type of wood);
• roofing material;
• special steel brackets. You can make them yourself from a rod (8-10 mm), bending the ends and sharpening them.

In this way, you can build hip roofs in the form of a regular pyramid, elongated to one side, or a truncated pyramid.

At one stage of the project to build a private house outside the city, you will think about the shape of the roof. The hip or hip roof is the most popular nowadays. Its appearance and design resemble a tent. This roof has its pros and cons. For installation and installation of this you do not have to hire specialists. You can easily assemble the roof frame with your own hands. To do this, you need to be able to make calculations and have an understanding of the design and mechanism. It must be remembered that the roof is attached in the same way as other structures. For greater confidence, you can call an assistant.

The main advantage of the hip roof design is aerodynamics; it resists strong gusty winds. Air currents will flow down the slopes without causing harm, and without even entering the attic.

The main disadvantage of such a roof is the complex frame, its sheet installation and the fact that it is very small. Of course, the area of ​​the attic is equal to the area of ​​the ceiling, but the usable volume of the room is very small.

Hip roof mechanism classic type is a special pyramid with a square or rectangular base. Triangular and trapezoidal slopes, as a rule, rest on or extend beyond them.

Main circuit hip roof at home is quite simple, and you can calculate it different ways. The hip roof is installed using the Pythagorean system and table. And it won’t be difficult for you to calculate the area of ​​the slopes and hips, but calculating the location and installation of sloped and ordinary rafters takes quite a lot of time.

The construction of a hip roof begins with assembly. After that . The mechanism of the rafter system is quite complex. Below we will look in more detail at how to make a frame, make calculations and make a roof.

The manufacture and installation of the roof follows the following rules:

1. The same wood and material are used to build the ridge system.
2. Intermediate boards have a steeper angle of inclination, and their size should be at least 50x150 mm.
3. Short parts and elements are attached to corner components rafters, not to the ridge board.
4. During construction, the structure uses intermediate central rafters attached to a ridge board.
5. And they should rest against the upper end of the harness or against the ridge board.

To assemble and install a hip roof with your own hands, you need to imagine a certain frame of the roof of the house and make a preliminary drawing.

The following elements of the hip roof should be recorded in the drawing:

1. the central part of the structure, the ridge, is the load-bearing axis;
2. slanted rafters - power components of the rafter, one end will protrude outside the house, and the other will be attached to the ridge;
3. rafters of the central type are attached to the ends of the ridge and extend to all walls;
4. intermediate rafters extending from the ridge must go strictly along the slopes;

DIY hip roof

Installation and assembly of the hip roof must be done before laying the ceiling.

At the beginning of work, timber is laid along the entire perimeter of the house to more evenly distribute the mass over the entire surface. It is also called Mauerlat. It must be secured to the house using special pins.

• mark the axle from the end frame house along the top trim;
• calculate half the thickness of the ridge beam and mark the installation location of the initial element of the rafter system;
• attach one end of the measuring rod to the marked line and mark the location of the intermediate rafter;
• to calculate the overhang of the rafters, one end must be placed on the roof overhang, and the other at the angle with outside house walls;
• you can calculate the location of other elements of central rafters by moving the slats along the side wall of the house and marking the position of each rafter;
• the same thing is repeated at the remaining corners;
• You can buy roofing materials in special construction stores. Currently available on the market wide choose roofing coverings of optimal quality at an affordable price.

Calculation of hip roof elements

For this calculation you will need a special measuring rod. It is executed from standard width 5 cm. There is a special table of the ratios of the length and location of the rafters.

Thanks to these data, which are presented in detail in the table, the length of the rafter leg is the product of the intermediate or angular coefficient of its projection. To increase the accuracy and reliability of calculations, be sure to use this table. Let's consider the example of a roof; you measured the horizontal projection of intermediate type rafters using a batten.

Using the table, you will find the angle of inclination that suits your case and multiply the data.

You can also calculate the length of the rafter overhang. You need to multiply the horizontal projection by a certain factor. These data can also be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem for a right triangle using the formula: a2+b2=c2. Where a and b are horizontal and vertical projections.

Corner elements

All rafters have an oblique cut on one side, which is necessary for fastening to the ridge beam. The ridge has a special undercut with a double bevel for more reliable fixation of parts and elements in the corners of the house.

And the calculation of the rafters corner type is done as follows:

• from the corner you need to measure the full length of the rafters;
• its projection will be the product of the squares of the lengths of the rafter central projections.

The resulting number must be multiplied by the coefficient indicated in the table, and the length of the corner rafter will be obtained.

Then the area of ​​the triangular slopes is calculated. They are also calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. To simplify the calculations, you need to imagine the slope in the form of two right triangles. Next, use the formula to calculate the area of ​​the trapezoid on the side surface of the roof of the house.

And at the very end we calculate the roof. The indicators of all areas need to be summed up, and the minimum roof area will be obtained.

Tools and building materials

To construct a hip roof structure with your own hands, you will need special Building tools and materials such as: electric, hand saw, nails and dowels, hammer, plane, axe, electric drill, timber and boards of the same type of wood, material, steel brackets.

You can build a tent standard type, either elongated in one direction or in the form of a truncated pyramid.

DIY frame installation

Initially, the verticals for the ridge beam are installed. After this, the installation of diagonal rafters of equal length begins.

Next comes the installation of mowing, and then ordinary ones with a certain step of 60 cm, which are secured using a notch to the ridge and. You can do the cutting either with your own hands or with a special power tool.

Then, hooks are attached to the diagonal guides to connect the mowing beams and the Mauerlat at a certain angle relative to the roof ridge.

An important point: ordinary beams should under no circumstances touch the connection points of the Mauerlat.

Strengthening the roof will directly depend on the dimensions of the house. An additional truss is laid, i.e. between adjacent sides of rafters. And already a stand or truss truss is installed on it. If the house area is very large, double beams are used for diagonals.

A hip roof is a type of hip roof, in which two slopes are trapezoidal in shape, and the other two (end ones) are triangular (having the same name “hips”). If the end slopes occupy the entire area from the ridge to the eaves, it is a hip roof; if they do not reach the eaves, it is a half-hip roof.

The roof of a house performs a dual function - on the one hand, it is charged with protecting the building from external influences, and on the other, it is designed to decorate the structure and give it individuality.

Historically, in Russia preference was given to simpler one-, gable roofs, Europeans prefer a hip or hip roof, which has advantages and disadvantages under certain conditions.

Hip roof - advantages and disadvantages

Pros:

• greater structural rigidity. Achieved by corner ribs connecting near the ridge support beam;

• the possibility of arranging more protruding overhangs, which provides additional protection house walls;

• aesthetic appeal.

Minuses:

• complexity of calculation and installation;
• higher cost of project implementation;
• area reduction attic space(in particular in the place where diagonal supports are installed);
• impossibility of installing an attic;
• natural light is only possible by installing windows in the roofing pie.

Since the shortcomings are not critical - hipped roof hip type is actively practiced in modern construction private houses.

Varieties (types and types) of hip roof

Studying the structure of the rafter system hip roof, it should be noted that within this type, there are several types of designs. In turn, this makes adjustments to general process construction of the rafter system frame.

Classic hip roof

It is distinguished by the support of the diagonal ribs on the ridge support beam and the location of the overhangs at the same height. The individual elements of the hip roof correspond to a triangle (gables) and a trapezoid (slopes).

Hip hip roof

It is distinguished by the absence of a ridge support beam. This leads to the fact that all the diagonal ribs converge at a single point, and ordinary short rafters are already adjacent to them. This type of roof is preferred if the house has a square frame. But forming a reliable ridge assembly is quite difficult.

Half hip roof

It is distinguished by the presence of vertical gables in which windows can be installed. The picture shows the difference between two types of half-hip roofs (Dutch and Danish).

Sloping hip roof or mansard hipped roof

The most complex design of the hip roof rafter system in terms of construction, since in this case, all roof slopes have different areas and diverge under different angles. A sloping (attic) roof allows you to more rationally organize the internal roof space and, in addition to additional living space, give the house a spectacular appearance.

Hip roof design

Regardless of the type of roof, all types have the same elements of the hip roof rafter system:

ridge support beam or ridge beam - used for a classic hip roof, performs the function load-bearing element, to which the diagonal rafters are attached;

diagonal rafter (side, edge, slant or corner rafter) - a longer rafter leg that is attached to the end of the ridge beam at an acute angle, forming one of the sides of the triangle;

central rafter - boards of the same length that adjoin the ridge beam and form the edges of the trapezoidal roof slope. Between them there are intermediate rafters;

intermediate or ordinary rafters - forms the plane of the trapezoidal slope, the distance between them determines the run of the rafter system;

sprig or short rafter - structural element, which is attached to a diagonal rafter, forms a triangular overhang and corner parts of trapezoids.

Hip roof calculation

The calculation of the hip roof truss system is carried out taking into account the following prerequisites:

• wind load in the region. The higher it is, the flatter the slope should be, and the stronger the entire structure. For leveling strong wind the central and diagonal rafters are made thicker;

• amount of precipitation. An inverse relationship is observed. The higher the amount of precipitation, the steeper the slope should be so that snow and rain do not create pressure on the rafter system;

• type of roofing material. Each type of roofing material puts forward its own requirements for the sheathing, and also has a certain weight. These factors must be taken into account at the design stage;

• the need for roof insulation. In this case, the rafter installation step is calculated taking into account the width thermal insulation material. In addition, the distance between the rafters depends on the type and section of the wood.

The calculation of roofing material is carried out using formulas taking into account the angle of inclination of the roof. Optimal slope roofs for roofing materials different types shown in the table:

The slope of the slope angle determines the position of the rafters. In turn, the position of the intermediate rafter is calculated as follows:

1. first on top harness a center line is applied to the end wall;
2. then half the thickness of the ridge beam is calculated, and the placement line of the first of the central intermediate rafters is drawn;
3. then the end of the measuring rod is aligned with the placement line of the central intermediate rafter marked above;
4. a line is drawn on the opposite end of the measuring rod internal contour side wall;
5. the resulting point is the position of the intermediate rafter.

The relationship between the length of the rafters and their laying is calculated using correction factor, the magnitude of which depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope. Length rafter leg determined by multiplying the deposit by the coefficient.

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Formulas for calculating a hip roof

Ridge height
Ridge beam length	The length of the house minus its width
Central length rafters (trapezoid)		Pythagorean theorem
Length of ordinary rafters	Calculated similarly to the length of the central rafters
Rafter extension to form frame overhang
Tilt angle ordinary rafters
Diagonal length hip rafters
Narozhniki (short rafters)	First short rafter
	Second short rafter
Square hip roof

How to calculate the area of ​​a hip roof?

To know how much roofing material to buy, you need to know the total roof area.

To do this, you need to break the entire roof into simple components geometric figures and make a calculation for each of them.

Area calculation hip roof allows you to determine in advance not only the costs of purchasing roofing materials and installation, but also determine the requirements for materials, as well as the need for arrangement and the exact configuration of the sheathing.

Hip roof rafter system drawing

The result of the project development and calculations will be a diagram-drawing of the hip roof rafter system. There are no similar drawings that are ready for use without taking into account the features of a particular structure and the place where it was built.

You can develop a preliminary design yourself (a simple sketch will help determine the direction of the project). But, it is better to entrust the drawing to specialists or use special programs for calculations. It should be remembered that what more complex design roof, the more accurately you need to calculate the rafter system: configuration and materials. This will also affect the cost and duration of installation work.

The hip roof drawing must include an indication of the purpose of the material, its installation location and method of fastening. It is advisable to include the key components of the hip roof rafter system, for example, the connection of diagonal supports to the ridge beam or the installation of rafter legs on the mauerlat, in a separate drawing and describe them in more detail.

Drawing of a hip roof (sloping rafters with emphasis on two purlins)

Drawing of a hip roof rafter system with a bay window

Having a schematic drawing will become good help during the manufacture of blanks and subsequent installation of the roof.

Tools for building a hip roof

The design of the roof and the methods for arranging the components determine the set of tools that should be prepared before starting work.

To work with wood you will need: a level, a hacksaw, a hammer, a tape measure, a marking cord, and a stapler.

To work with metal structures You will need an electric drill, a riveter, and cutting shears.

Tool and Consumables must be prepared in advance, because complex installation The hip roof rafter system requires a large number of cuts and installation of nails.

To simplify measurements and be able to make all parts the same size, craftsmen advise replacing the tape measure with a measuring rod. The measuring rod is made of plywood 50 mm wide, onto which the main dimensions are applied.

Hip roof material

The species and type of wood have a direct impact on durability and reliability roofing structure. Craftsmen advise giving preference to lumber or pine. All workpieces require pre-treatment with fire retardants and antiseptics.

In addition to wood, you will need metal fasteners, nails, screws, and anchor bolts.

Note. Forming a hip rafter system on wooden house, which can shrink, craftsmen advise using floating fasteners to connect the rafters to the Mauerlat. This method compensates for the movement of the crowns during the natural shrinkage of a house made of timber or logs.

Hip roof rafter system - installation technology

DIY rafter system devices step by step:

1. Preparation of blanks (rafters)

This is the most difficult and time-consuming part of construction, because... associated with:

• the need to ensure a given angle of inclination of the rafter legs;
• different lengths of rafters (short rafters);
• the presence of diagonal rafters (sloping), which are given Special attention. Due to their length, slanted rafters carry a greater load than the main rafters, and therefore require the use of higher quality lumber with a larger cross-section. In addition, the length of the diagonal rafters often exceeds standard length boards

In order not to buy different lumber, in practice the splicing (pairing) method is used. edged boards to obtain the specified length.

Advantages of rafter splicing technology:

• obtaining continuous beams of a given length;
• increasing the strength of the diagonal rafters of the hip roof due to the doubled cross-section;
• simplification of calculation and purchase of material (unification of dimensions: length and cross-section);
• the possibility of using boards designed to form ordinary rafters.

2. Mounting the Mauerlat

Mauerlat for a hip roof is wooden beam large section (100x100 or 100x150 mm) mounted along the perimeter of the walls. First grade wood is used for the Mauerlat.

The peculiarity of laying the Mauerlat is that the timber is connected along the length only with an overlap, but not end-to-end, using many connection points with the base of the wall. The connecting nodes are additionally reinforced with metal brackets.

Since the purpose of the Mauerlat is to serve as a support for the rafter legs, it needs protection from moisture. For this purpose, a hydraulic barrier is placed between the wall and the beam (for example, roofing felt is used).

Note. Under the Mauerlat in brick houses(or from aerated concrete, foam concrete, wood concrete) a reinforced concrete belt is poured in advance installed studs for installation of timber. The pin has a diameter of 10 mm or more and should protrude beyond the plane of the Mauerlat by 20-30 mm. The stud installation pitch is 1000-1200 mm.

3. Purlin installation

A purlin is a beam installed parallel to the sides of the mauerlat. The purlin serves as the basis for installing additional supports under the rafter legs. The installation of a purlin is not a mandatory stage of work and is performed only for hip roofs of a large area or those with a configuration of increased complexity. The location of the purlin is shown in the diagram.

It should be taken into account that the point maximum load will vary depending on the location - on the ridge of the hip or on the edge of the valley.

Note. The hipped hip roof is mounted without support, and a complex assembly is formed at the junction of the diagonal rafters.

4. Installation of support posts

The racks serve as a support when installing the ridge beam ( Orange color on the picture).

5. Installation of the ridge beam

Installation of the hip roof ridge is accompanied by precise measurements. Since the entire roof structure will rest on the ridge, the correctness of its installation is checked in terms of height and level.

6. Attaching rafter legs

Regarding the sequence of work at this stage, the opinions of the craftsmen differ. This makes it possible to distinguish two directions for performing work:

1. The central rafters are mounted, and then the diagonal ones. This procedure is simpler;
2. diagonal rafters are mounted, and then the rest.

During installation, the lower part of the rafter leg rests on the Mauerlat.

The support of rafters on a hip roof is shown in the diagram. The first option (with a cutout) is simpler, but the second (with a support beam) is preferable, because in this case, the fastening does not weaken the rafter.

Forming a knot on a ridge beam is possible in different ways.

Options for top fastening of diagonal rafters are shown in the diagram.

Advice. For rigidity, it is advisable to reinforce all nodes with metal elements (staples, plates, corners).

Since diagonal rafters bear a significant load, they can be strengthened using such means as:

• installation of the rack. Mounted vertically on the ceiling;
• installation of the strut. Mounted at an angle. The angle of inclination is not decisive. The ability of the brace to strengthen the diagonal rafter is important;
• truss Essentially, this is a T-shaped short beam rotated 180°. It is used on long spans and is installed so that its base is oriented perpendicular to the diagonal rafter.

7. Installation of ordinary rafters

The rows are installed similarly to the installation of the central rafters, which form the edges of the trapezoid. Their lower part rests and is attached to the mauerlat, and the upper part rests against the ridge beam. It is important to maintain the same distance between row rafters.

8. Installation of roof trusses (short rafters)

Spawners are made only from solid lumber. At the junction of the spigot and the long rafter, notches are made or support beams are installed. The installation site is additionally reinforced with metal elements.

Note. Installation of hip roof extensions is possible in staggered intervals to simplify installation.

In any case, the spigots are installed after formation power frame roofs. Their installation completes the work on installing the hip roof rafter system.

DIY hip roof step by step - video

The program shows the process of installing a rafter system for a gable hip roof with a central bay window along a short wall.

Once the rafter system is ready, you can begin installation roofing, the specifics of fastening of which determine the need to install the sheathing on the rafter legs.

Installation of a hip roof truss system is a long process that requires attention to every stage of the work - from calculation and selection of material, to installation of parts and strengthening of fastening points. But, when correct execution all stages, the result will be a beautiful and reliable roof for a private home.