Answers to the main questions that arise from customers of bituminous tiles

1. How fast is bituminous shingles installed?

• On average, one person can mount 7 m² of roofing from soft tiles.
• It is considered normal if a team of three people lays 150 square meters per day.
• A lot of envy depends on the qualifications of the performers, weather conditions and the complexity of the geometry of each particular roof.

2. Are there any restrictions on roof slopes on which shingles are used?

• Bituminous tiles can be used on slopes (from 0 to 90 degrees) and on roofs of any complexity and configuration.
• However, it should be remembered that there is such a thing as a critical angle. For most types of shingles, a slope of about 20 degrees is considered a critical angle.
• On small slopes, it is recommended to lay bituminous tiles without nails on continuous rolled bituminous underlying carpets using the fusing method. The underlying bituminous carpets in such cases are usually fixed to the base mechanically.
• On slopes greater than 60 degrees, additional nails are recommended (usually + 2 per shingle).

3. What is the guarantee for bituminous tiles?

• Laminated shingles come with a 30-year warranty on the material. For other types of bituminous tiles, a guarantee of 10 years is given.
• You should also demand a guarantee for the installation of shingles from the organization that performs the work for you. Works performed in violation of the bituminous tile laying technology will not be able to ensure the long-term operation of this wonderful roofing.

4. Can bituminous tiles have differences in shades?

• In the production of bituminous tiles, deviations in shades between different batches of material are allowed.
• The powder comes to the production already painted. For example, in a batch of material produced earlier, the topping may be darker due to the absorption of the bitumen into the granules.
• When laying the material, it is recommended to take shingles from five packages at the same time to avoid stains with different shades. On models with a sheen, such shades only improve appearance giving the object a unique individual coloring.

5. Can moss grow on shingle roofing?

• Sometimes it happens that moss grows on the roof (and not only on shingles).
• This phenomenon is usually observed on the north side of the roof, which is in the shade, especially if the house is located under dense canopy of trees. A slight slope of the roof and the presence of dirt contribute to the development of vegetation on such roofs.
• The simplest and effective method moss control is a preventive cleaning of the roof in the fall using a soft broom. If the moss is not easily removed, then apply special means to remove moss. Before using such products, be sure to check with the supplier if this reagent is compatible with bitumen.
• It should be remembered that at Owens Corning, basalt chips are protected against fungi and moss with special reagents, which ensures a high degree of resistance of American tiles to this phenomenon.

6. Are special metal bars required?

• It is recommended to use three main types of slats:

1. Cornice strips (so-called drips).
2. Gable strips for water drainage on roof eaves and gables, to prevent rotting of wood materials.
3. Adjacency strips for arranging adjoining roofing material to vertical surfaces.

• The slats must be made of corrosion-resistant material. These elements are installed on the lining carpet.
• Without a junction bar, it is almost impossible to qualitatively waterproof the most vulnerable spot on the roof - the connection of the roof slope with a wall, chimney or other vertical surfaces.
• If slats are not used, then leakage or moisture ingress under the roofing material is likely, which, in turn, will lead to rotting of the wooden structure.

7. Is it possible to lay bituminous tiles in the cold season?

• IT IS POSSIBLE, subject to the following recommendations for laying bituminous tiles in the cold season.

1. Before laying, the material must be placed in a warm room with an air temperature of 20-30 degrees Celsius, for at least 24 hours. It is enough to place only the amount of material that is planned to be laid the next day (50-100 sq. m.).
2. The material should be taken out from a warm room to the roof one pack at a time (previously mixed with 4 others) and bring a new pack as the previous one is used.
3. When laying flexible tiles in the cold season, it is necessary to use an industrial hair dryer: to activate the adhesive areas of the flexible tiles, to warm up the flexible tiles, if it is necessary to bend the material

• A more expensive way to get out of the situation is the device of a “green house”. In other words, structures of a temporary building covered, as a rule, plastic wrap, over the future roof. With a heat gun, hot air is driven into such a “room” - and you can work. Only you still need to be able to make such a structure, and such “works” cannot be compared with summer work.

8. I saw “waves” and irregularities on the roof of bituminous tiles. What are the reasons for such disgrace?

• Poorly executed continuous crate. Most likely, the base "lives", i.e. the crate is made of raw materials, and the grooved board has risen up under the influence of moisture.
• The dry tongue-and-groove board is nailed too tightly together and there is no room left for the tree to "walk". You should have left a gap of approx. 1-3 mm.
• Penetrations, valleys or installation were poorly made, which caused water to enter the roof structure and caused the crate to swell.
• The ventilation of the roof structure is missing or not done correctly.
• The vapor barrier allows moisture to pass through, which collects in the lower structures.

9. Is it necessary to ventilate the under-roof space? These are extra costs.

• When using any roofing material, roof ventilation provides only advantages:
• Comfort in the attic room, because freezing and heating of the roof is prevented (depending on the season).
• Provides dryness of thermal insulation and wooden elements of the roof, which means that it maximizes the extension of their service life.

10. What are the minimum ventilation space clearances?

• In 95% of cases - 5 cm. With small slopes and slopes longer than 10 meters, it can reach up to 8-10 cm.

11. What problems can arise without under-roof space ventilation?

Insufficient ventilation leads to the following negative phenomena:

• formation of icicles and ice on the roof,
• to the accumulation of moisture in the insulation and the weakening of its functions,
• internal leaks on the roof caused by condensation,
• high temperature in rooms and especially in attic and attic spaces during the hot season,
• damage building structures roofs caused by mold,
• blisters may appear on the bituminous tile itself from overheating of the coating.

12. Compared to metal tiles, bituminous tiles seem fragile, so it is worse?

• The laid bituminous tile is stronger, because. you can walk and move along it without special ladders, knock with a hammer, etc. without the risk of damaging the material itself or the top layer.
• The strength of the finished bituminous tile roofing is determined primarily by the strength of the solid flooring on which the shingles are laid. The direct roofing tile itself performs primarily the function of waterproofing, as well as an aesthetic function.

13. Shingles can be torn apart by hand. Why?

• The strip of shingles that you took from the pack and hold in your hands (shingles) is a semi-finished product.
• If you have a desire to test roofing materials using the "knee-on-the-knee" method, we suggest you try to break the laid shingles.
• To test the strength of the laid bituminous tiles, you will have to break: 6-15 mm of the laid bituminous coating (overlapping 2-3 and even 4-5 layers for laminated bituminous tiles), and also, you will with bare hands break at least 10 mm of OSB slab or 25 mm board on which bituminous tiles are laid. Will it work?

14. Does shingle retain dirt, leaves, needles?

• With certain slopes, any roofing material is some more, some less holds needles and dirt.
• Sooner or later, depending on the weather, rain and snow are able to wash it all away. Important in this case is the fact that bituminous tiles do not react and "do not come into contact" with these objects, so they leave no traces in the end, which cannot be said about many other roofing materials.
• Preventive cleaning of the roof with a soft broom autumn period contributes to the longevity of your roof.

15. It is easy to pierce shingles with a sharp object.

• Almost any roofing material cannot withstand a massive point impact (large icicle, spear). However, remember that under the flexible tiles, which lie on the roof in 2-3 layers (which is 7-11 mm of coverage), there is a solid crate made of wood (at least 10 mm OSB), which in itself is a very reliable shield against falling objects.
• Any section of shingles can be easily repaired with minimal cost, while it is not necessary to change sheets of a large area, as, for example, with metal tiles.
• A sheet of metal tile, perhaps, will withstand the fall of an icicle, however, the top protective covering will be damaged.

16. Are shingles on fire?

• bituminous tiles refers to materials that do not spread flame.
• If there is a problem, in any case, it will be necessary to change the roof.
• In the event of a fire, bituminous tiles, in fact, burn out in the centers of flame, indicating these places, and do not spread the flame further.
• Falling on shingles of burning leaves, rocket launchers or firecrackers will not cause the roof to ignite. Protective stone dressing will prevent the occurrence of a fire.

17. Is it possible to use shingles in seaside areas?

• Definitely possible, very resistant to factors external environment, including sea air and hurricane gusts of wind.
• The components of bituminous tiles (basalt, bitumen, fiberglass) are neutral to impact sea ​​air and air polluted by industrial waste.

18. What should be the basis for shingles?

Bituminous tiles can be laid on a solid, dry, even base, cleaned of debris and greasy contaminants. The following options are possible:

• plywood or OSB board 10 mm or more (9 mm is acceptable with a lathing step of boards not more than 300 mm)
• edged board at least 25mm (permissible difference up to 2mm)
• tongue-and-groove board at least 20 mm (permissible difference 2 mm)
• - concrete or cement strainer(laying without nails in a hot way using rolled bituminous materials)
• - metal (most often gluing with special bituminous adhesives, or hot method using rolled bituminous materials)
• - other shingles (renovation of the old coating with a still reliable base)

19. What are the ways to fasten bituminous tiles to the base?

• Nailing is the most common way of fastening bituminous shingles to wooden base. best solution are specially designed galvanized nails 25-30 mm thick about 3.1 mm with a head of at least 9 mm in diameter and preferably twisted (ruffled) or ring - improved fit.
• Fusion method on the underlying bituminous rolled layer. As an underlying layer, euroroofing material is used without sprinkling SBS, APP, with polyester reinforcement. Often used when fastening shingles to concrete base when nailing is not possible, as well as on roof slopes below critical (less than 20 degrees).
• Bonding method using special bituminous adhesives. It is most often used when gluing shingles to metal sheets. Attention! Excessive use of adhesives leads to the destruction of shingles (solvents in adhesives).

20. What should be the treatment of wooden roof structures?

• Fire treatment is a mandatory operation in the construction of municipal facilities, but not mandatory for private customers. Provides sufficient stability of structures during a fire, allowing timely evacuation of people before collapse load-bearing structures roofs.
• Antiseptic treatment (against bugs, fungi, etc.) is desirable for any customers. Provides stability wooden structures to biological influences of microorganisms and insects. Provides long-term operation of a roof.

21. Coefficients for converting ordinary tiles into special elements?

• 1 row, or cornice, or start K \u003d 0.15. In other words, for 10 m.p. 1 row requires 1.5 m2 of ordinary tiles
• Skate K = 0.35. In other words, for 10 m.p. ridge requires 3.5 m2 of ordinary tiles
• Endova K = 0.55. In other words, for 10 m.p. valleys need 5.5 m2 of ordinary tiles (cutting method)
• 2-3% should be laid on the undercut, if the roof is simple, but if the roof has a complex configuration, then 5-6% of ordinary tiles may additionally be used for undercut.

22. What is the difference between soft, flexible, shingles, shingles, shingles and roofing tiles?

• Nothing, since all these terms mean the same thing: a roofing coating based on fiberglass, impregnated with bitumen on top and bottom, covered with colored mineral dressing (basalt, slate, etc.) on the front side, usually with adhesive areas. In other words, the manufacturer of roofing materials himself chooses the term he likes.
• Another thing is that there are various ways bitumen stabilization: oxidation, SBS modification, APP modification. But the name of the roofing does not depend on the method of bitumen stabilization.

23. The color of the stone powder?

• Bituminous tiles have an extremely wide variety color solutions, which allows you to satisfy the needs of almost any client.
• Mineral granules are dyed with inorganic dyes and then baked in an oven at a high temperature (600-800 degrees Celsius). In fact, ceramics with very high color fastness are obtained. In addition, the topping is treated with special reagents that provide protection against mosses.
• American manufacturers on their specialized shingle lines make products with different combinations of powder colors, which provide the depth of colors, shades and volume. finished roofs. Worthy of special attention designer models laminated shingles.

24. What type of bitumen and modifiers are used in the production of bituminous tiles?

• Bitumen is a product of oil refining containing hydrocarbons. At normal temperatures, it is solid. To give it certain characteristics necessary for roofing materials, it is oxidized or modifiers are added.
• The choice of bitumen stabilization method largely depends on the volume of production of bituminous tiles. If volumes are small, then manufacturers are used chemical methods stabilization of bitumen, with the use of equipment something like an industrial "mixer". So, for example, the Finns do. If the volumes are large, then it is more profitable to use oxidized bitumen for the production of bituminous tiles, as a cheaper and more reliable option.
• Of the chemical additives, SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) or APP (atactic polypropylene) are more often used.

25. What wind loads can bituminous tiles carry?

• Bituminous tiles can easily endure hurricane gusts of wind.
• The most wind-resistant laminated bituminous tile Owens Corning model is called Duration. Special technology SureNail™ allows you to withstand very strong gusts of wind up to 208 km per hour.

26. Frost resistance of shingles?

• Any climate zone suitable for bituminous tiles, which are equally successfully used in areas from the Equator to the Arctic Circle.
• If someone claims that only Finnish tiles are suitable for our climate, then this is not true. For reference: the population of Finland is just over 5 million people. The US population is almost 309 million + Canada 34 million. Total 1:68 by population. By territory 1:57A features of the Canadian climate, which practically coincides with the northern territories of the United States, are described on the Internet: “The climate in Canada is mostly temperate and subarctic. Average January temperatures range from -35°C in the north of the country to 4°C in the south of the Pacific coast. Average temperatures in July are 21°C in the south of the country and 4°C on the islands of the Canadian and Arctic archipelago.”
• American shingles are both Crimea and Alaska.

27. Can shingles be left unglued?

• At an ambient temperature below +15 degrees Celsius, the adhesive strips or adhesive areas on the bituminous tiles should be activated using an industrial hair dryer ( electrical appliance, which provides a hot jet of air at a controlled temperature).
• At the optimum ambient temperature for laying bituminous tiles (from +15 to +30 degrees Celsius), adhesive strips usually stick together themselves under the weight of the tiles themselves and under the rays of the sun. However, in the cold season, "independent" gluing is difficult.
• If bituminous tiles are not glued together during the cold season with an industrial hair dryer, there is a big risk of the tiles being blown up by the wind. Your roof simply can not wait for the spring heat and become unusable.
• We strongly recommend gluing the bituminous tiles during installation with an industrial hair dryer.

28. Should the roof be cleared of snow in winter?

• Under normal circumstances, it is not necessary to throw snow off the roof unless an uncontrolled fall is a hazard. In especially snowy and wet winters, it is recommended to check the amount of accumulated snow on the roof. If the snow load increases and approaches the norms of the roof bearing capacity, it is necessary to reduce the amount of snow on the roof. Snow is removed in layers and about 10 cm of a protective layer of snow is left on the roof.
• As a working tool, only plastic shovel or a scraper (never a metal shovel). Snow is never thrown from the upper platform to the lower one, and also never raked against the wall. Ice is removed, for example by melting hot water, but not by breaking off.

29. Why is a vapor barrier needed?

• The vapor barrier serves as an obstacle to the movement of steam formed inside the room into the roof structure, namely into the insulation.
• Warm and moisture-saturated air, moving from living quarters to colder ones due to higher partial pressure, when cooled, gives up part of its moisture in the form of condensate. Those. the amount of moisture generated is higher, the greater the temperature difference outside and in the interior, so most of the moisture gets into the under-roof space in winter.
• The problem of improperly executed vapor barrier is common. Insufficient vapor barrier leads to excessive amounts of condensate and the risk of rotting of the roof structure. An obstacle to the penetration of steam into the under-roof space is a special film with low vapor permeability, which is placed under the thermal insulation. The smaller the ventilation gap in the design of the upper base, the denser the vapor barrier should be. High-quality vapor barrier and the presence of sufficient lower ventilation gap- prerequisites for a durable roof and the entire structure.

30. What are anti-condensation and diffusion films?

• With a well-executed vapor barrier, a certain amount of steam can penetrate into the insulation, and moisture can also get under the crate during rain, snowfall, etc. The accumulation of moisture in the structure reduces its heat-shielding properties and leads to corrosion. load-bearing elements. The service life of such a roof is significantly reduced, and after a short period of time from the start of operation, the roof requires expensive repairs. Anti-condensation and diffusion films help to preserve the properties of the insulation. Depending on the type, the materials pass or absorb steam.
• Anti-condensation films are practically vapor-tight and are used for metal and traditional tiles, because under them, condensation forms in large quantities.
• Superdiffusion membranes are waterproof but vapor permeable. The throughput of superdiffusion membranes is tens of times greater than conventional hydrobarriers. In addition, it is allowed to lay the superdiffusion membrane directly on the insulation. Also, such special membranes help to better retain heat, preventing the effect of the so-called blowing. Sort of like a pillow case.

31. What is the consumption of bituminous glue and features of its application?

• Consumption of bituminous adhesive: approx. 1 l/m² of the bonded surface. Surfaces dry after about 5 hours at +20 ˚C. Complete drying time 1 - 14 days depending on the thickness of the layer. Temperature during gluing from +5 to +50 ˚C. Excessive consumption of glue is not allowed, because. this can lead to bitumen smudges on the roof.
• If tubes of glue are used, which usually have a volume of about 300 milliliters, then such packages make it possible to use glue more economically. According to experience, 1 tube is enough on average for 10 square meters of roofing or for 5-6 linear meters of continuous use (strip).
• In principle, bituminous adhesive can be stored at sub-zero temperature, but if it is possible to transfer it to a heated room, then it is better to do it. In any case, in cold weather, the bituminous adhesive should be kept at room temperature for 24 hours before use.

32. Is it necessary to use snow guards?

• The use of snow retainers on a roof made of bituminous tiles is not a mandatory measure, since the rough surface of the tiles prevents snow falls from the roof.
• And holes, in the places where snow retainers are attached, can weaken the waterproofing function of the roof.

33. What are the tapes on the back of your shingles?

• Some bituminous shingles have a special area with protective tape on the back of the shingles. This is the so-called shipping tape, which protects the adhesive area of ​​the underlying shingle in the pack (so that the shingles in the pack do not stick together). This tape does not need to be removed before installation.
• There is a protective strip at the bottom of the tile, which must be removed before installation. This protective tape from the back of the tile protects the adhesive area that is applied to the same roof tile.

34. Storing shingles?

• Store shingles in a cool, ventilated area.
• It is not recommended to store shingles outdoors without protection from direct sunlight and without protection from atmospheric precipitation.
• Shingles can be left on site for a short time in factory pallets, but they should be covered with tarpaulin or plywood sheets.
• Do not use a roof slope to store shingles (for example, for fear of theft). Bituminous tiles are compact and relatively heavy material (pallet 1.05 x1.05 meters), so the point accumulation a large number shingles on a slope at one point can damage the crate. Recall that a factory pallet with shingles weighs about 1.5 tons.

Flexible shingles - a material that has become popular relatively recently. It has two important differences from other types of coatings:

• base device technology;
• allowable slope angle.

Shingles features

First of all, you need to understand whether it is possible to use a bituminous coating on the roof. Tiles are not intended for use on flat and low-slope roofs. For this, there are other options for bituminous materials - rolled. The minimum allowable slope of the ramp is 11-12°.

Due to physical properties, there are restrictions on the maximum slope. It is not recommended to use bitumen for roofs steeper than 45°. In this case, the probability of slipping of the substance when heated in the sun increases.

The second difference between soft shingles and other roofing materials is the need for a solid foundation. Fastening sheets implies the presence of a continuous crate or laying sheets of moisture-resistant plywood under the coating. The use of sparse crates of boards is not allowed.

Tiled base device

Do-it-yourself installation of bituminous tiles begins with the installation of a base for individual elements. As mentioned earlier, moisture-resistant plywood or edged board is used for this. Before this they erect truss system, perform vapor barrier, thermal insulation and waterproofing of the roof.

In general, the following requirements are put forward for the foundation:

• full coverage;
• smoothness;
• dryness;
• no pollution.

The thickness of plywood sheets is taken depending on the pitch of the stops. The larger it is, the greater the load on the base will be. Minimum Thickness- 9 mm. When using thinner sheets, they are laid in 2-3 layers with spaced seams. For the flooring device, a material with increased moisture resistance (FSF marking) is needed. Such plywood is divided into 5 grades, for the installation of a bituminous roof, you can use any of those presented in stores.

Boards for the manufacture of continuous crates must be at least 25 mm thick. In northern regions with a lot of snow in winter, it is recommended to use a board with a thickness of 32 mm. Before installation, all lumber is treated with antiseptic compounds that prevent the appearance of mold and fungus. Optionally, they are treated with flame retardants (they increase fire resistance).

Sometimes you can find OSB-3 boards as a base for shingles. This option should not be confused with the cheaper OSB-1 and OSB-2, which do not have desired characteristics. Before laying, it is worth checking the marking of each element.

Self-tapping screws or galvanized nails are used to fasten the base to the rafters or the counter-lattice. Between the flooring elements, a gap of 3 mm must be left for the thermal expansion of the material.

Roof ventilation

When installing a heated attic or attic, you need to take care of roof ventilation. This moment is thought over even before laying the coating. Natural ventilation will be provided with the help of such elements as:

• air holes in the eaves (often for this, a sparse filing of the eaves with boards or soffit strips is used);
• channels and vents for the movement of air under the roof;
• holes for exhaust in the ridge or along the slope (ridge and point aerators).

To ensure unhindered air movement under the roof, the distance between the insulation and the coating should be 5 cm when the slope is more than 20 °, 8 cm - when the slope is less than 20 °. If the installation of a counter-lattice is provided, it provides for small gaps for natural ventilation.

The total area of ​​the exhaust vents should be 1/300 of the area of ​​the entire slope. In most cases, it is sufficient to install only ridge aerators. If, according to the calculation, there are few of them, then additional point hoods are provided.

Lining layer

The next stage of laying bituminous tiles is the lining carpet. It is necessary to prevent roof leaks. Location waterproofing material determined depending on the angle of the roof:

• less than 18° - solid;
• from 18 ° - in places of possible leaks.

If the roof angle is less than 18°, there is an increased chance that moisture will linger on the roof. In this case, it is better to play it safe and lay the lining layer over the entire surface of the roof slope. The work is carried out from the bottom up, the material is laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm.

With a slope of 18 ° or more, it is worth laying additional waterproofing only in dangerous places:

• cornice (at least 40 cm wide from the edge);
• skate (overlap on each slope at least 25 cm);
• overhangs over the pediment;
• valleys.

Lining carpets are available in four types:

• standard (fixed with nails in 20 cm increments);
• combined (with an adhesive strip at the bottom, the top is attached to nails);
• self-adhesive;
• deposited.

The fastening technology depends on the type of material chosen. Before starting work, you must also read the manufacturer's instructions. Roofing material cannot be used as a waterproofing carpet. In this case, after a while the roof will go in waves.

Roof reinforcement

The roof of bituminous tiles is reinforced with special metal strips: eaves (marking KP), end (PT) and for the junction of the roof to the walls (PP). These areas are more likely to accumulate snow and precipitation, so extra precautions are required.

Planks are purchased at the same time as tiles. Their number must be calculated in advance. Standard length one metal element - 2 m, but a length of 1.98 m is taken into account (taking into account 2 cm for an overlap at the junction). Roofing nails are used to secure the parts. Their step is prescribed 12 cm or less.

After installing the planks, self-adhesive tiles are glued along the eaves. It is placed end-to-end to the metal elements of the roof. After gluing, each tile is additionally fixed with nails. All joints and junctions are smeared with bituminous mastic.

Tiling

After preparing the base, they proceed directly to work on fixing the shingles. Shade of tiles from different batches may vary. To ensure evenness of color over the entire surface of the slope, two methods are used:

• purchase of material for the entire roof from one batch;
• alternation of different packages (batches) during stacking.

Otherwise, the color of the roof will turn out to be uneven, which will be striking.

Each individual element of a tile is called a shingle. Work on fixing the shingles begins with the eaves (from its central part). The distance between the first element of the coating and the eaves tiles is assumed to be 2-3 cm. The tiles of the second row are shifted relative to the first so that a beautiful coating pattern is formed. In this case, it is necessary to block the fastenings of the first element. There are two methods for laying tiles:

• linear (vertical rows);
• pyramidal (with a diagonal extension from the middle of the eaves).

On the gable cornice, the tiles are cut exactly along the edge. To prevent leakage, the cut edge is treated with bituminous glue, the strip width of which is at least 10 cm.

Each bituminous shingle shingle is attached to the base with 4-5 nails. Also additional mount provided when the material is heated in the sun. In this case, the substance is slightly melted, the elements stick together with each other and with the base. A special roofing knife is used to cut the shingles.

After fixing the tiles on the slope, you need to decorate the ridge. Plastic aerators are usually not attractive, so they are covered with ridge-cornice tiles or elements cut from ordinary shingles. Details on the skate begin to mount from the side where the wind blows less often. open edges should be facing downwind. This will prevent tearing of parts in strong gusts, since the edge on the dangerous side is covered by the next shingle.

Formation of penetrations

To bring ventilation ducts, chimneys, sewer risers and antennas to the roof, special passages are provided. In this case, you need to cut a hole in the roofing, underlayment and waterproofing: the area becomes a potential source of leaks.

In order to prevent damage even before the installation of shingles, additional insulation measures must be taken:

• Plastic adapters - close the roof ventilation holes.
• Rubber seals - used for small hole diameters, for example, under the antenna.
• Pass-through elements made of polymer - needed when removing ventilation and sewer pipes. They have seals that prevent moisture from leaking. The passage element is selected depending on the size of the hole and the color of the roofing material. Fastening is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
• Triangular metal slats marking PP - for places where chimneys or ventilation ducts made of bricks pass. On top of this plank on the bituminous mastic, cover shingles are glued with an overlap on vertical surface at least 30 cm (in the northern regions it is recommended to take a large overlap). A metal apron is mounted on top, the joints are treated with bitumen. A groove is provided behind the pipe to prevent the accumulation of moisture and snow.

When installing roofing, special attention is paid to waterproofing. This is the only way to protect the building from leaks and unpleasant surprises.

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

Usage soft roof allows you to neatly and beautifully protect the roof, attic and attic from precipitation. It is possible to carry out the installation of bituminous tiles without the involvement of specialists. For correct execution work, you only need to study the instructions for the selection, use of materials and their fixation.

Preparing for the installation of a roof made of bituminous tiles

The main condition for obtaining high-quality roofing from flexible tiles is the preparation of a perfectly even base. Therefore, after removing the old material, you need to nail plywood or OSB onto a conventional truss system. Otherwise soft sheets the roofs will simply sag and the house will have to be re-covered.

Getting started and laying the first rows

For maximum attic protection or attic floor from precipitation, it is recommended to use a special substrate. If the roof slope is insignificant (does not exceed 20 degrees), then it is allowed to fix the lining carpet only in the places of subsequent installation of additional elements. You should also immediately carry out the installation of metal protective strips for the cornice and facade. After the installation of shingles with your own hands is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. The cornice layers framing the roof are laid (they can be replaced with the tiles themselves, you just need to carefully cut it off). They are fixed over the planks with nails with large flat heads. For additional fixation of the roof, the place where it will be laid is coated with bituminous mastic.
2. The first row of tiles is being fixed. It is recommended to take sheets from different sets for this. If they differ slightly, there will be no problems with color differences. It is necessary to lay the first row on top of the cornice layers with a slight rise (there should be a distance of about 1 cm from the edge of the end to the tile itself).
3. When fixing the tiles, the conditions for laying them out according to the pattern are observed. Excess parts are simply cut off. Sheets are fastened with flat-head nails. They provide a reliable clamping of the tile to the base and exclude its damage.

The specified instructions for the installation of a roof made of flexible bituminous tiles will allow you to quickly and correctly carry out the work, eliminate the main mistakes when laying materials. Additionally, you should view training photos and videos that will help you see the process of preparing for installation and the laying of the roofing material itself.

Finishing work with shingles

After laying all layers of tiles, care must be taken to comply with good ventilation roofs. Therefore, it is recommended to install a ridge aerator in its upper part. It is a long bar with internal dividers and foam inserts. Such a roofing device made of bituminous tiles eliminates the penetration of moisture under the roof, the danger of settling wasps and other insects in the attic.

On top of the ridge aerator, it is necessary to fix the ridge tiles. It will additionally protect the aerator and achieve an aesthetic appearance of the roof. After fixing the ridge tiles, you can proceed with the installation of the gutter system.

Special requirements for the installation of a roof made of bituminous tiles

A prerequisite for working with flexible roof is to take into account the rules for laying materials near pipes and with a multi-level transition between separate parts roofs. Modern technology installation of bituminous tiles, the use of metal junction strips, passage elements. For example, at the transition between different levels of the roof, it is necessary to fix the cushioning carpet with the help of a plank, another layer of carpet must be laid on top of the overlap. Then the installation of the tile itself is carried out.

When framing a pipe on roofs, you must first select a passage element for it (used for round pipes). It will protect the roofing material from exposure to high temperatures and rapid destruction. The laying and installation of tiles is carried out after cutting them to the shape of a pipe. Similar conditions for laying bituminous materials will eliminate problems with maintaining their original appearance, quality and condition.

Do-it-yourself shingle installation video

Bitumen shingles, or as it is also called flexible shingles, can be used even on the steepest roofs, even on vertical ones, moreover, its cost is quite affordable for many, which gives it additional advantages when.

After laying, bituminous tiles create a continuous hermetic carpet on the roof. Many colors and shapes of bituminous tiles allow you to choose the desired option, but in general, the final texture of the roof from afar will resemble snake scales or a spotted camouflage robe :)

Soft tile is a beautiful and rather elastic material, besides, it is not afraid of frost, heat, or other atmospheric influences. It does not absorb moisture and does not “noise” during rain, is not subject to decay, corrosion and does not accumulate static electricity. However, like all roofing materials, shingles have their drawbacks.

The main advantages of shingles:

• high rates of sound insulation and tightness;
• slight surface roughness, prevents avalanche-like snow from the roof;
• light weight and flexibility;
• the ability to install on roofs of any geometric complexity and slopes, up to vertical ones;
• high impact resistance;
• lack of windage;
• minimum waste during installation.

The main disadvantages of shingles:

• increased requirements for the quality of the base (the need to create a solid base of OSB or plywood increases the total cost of the roofing system, creates an additional load on the truss system);
• rather complicated and time-consuming installation;
• frost resistance - about 50 cycles (significantly inferior to many other roofing materials);
• price (1 m² of roofing, about 2 times more expensive than metal roofing).

Composition, shape and color of shingles

Bituminous tiles consist of several layers and are very similar in structure to modern rolled roofing materials, since one of its basic components is bitumen (in general, this is where the name comes from).

Fiberglass is covered on all sides with oxidized or modified bitumen, thus we get the basis of bituminous tiles. The thickness of the tiles reaches 3 mm. As a rule, special polymer additives are added to the bituminous coating, giving it durability, elasticity, heat resistance and resistance to ultraviolet radiation. A self-adhesive bitumen-polymer mass is applied to the entire base of the tile or part of it, which, when installing bituminous tiles, ensures the connection of tiles (shingles, shingles) to each other.

The structure of bituminous tiles with granulate

The front surface is covered with a layer of mineral or stone chips (granulate). Both of these materials make the coating resistant to weathering. In addition, it is stone chips that create a color variety, and its rough surface prevents snow from the roof like an avalanche.

AT recent times Bituminous shingles are becoming more and more popular. front side which is coated with copper, zinc-titanium or aluminum. Such options significantly increase the possibilities of designers, but also significantly increase the cost of coverage.

From point of view geometric shape shingles are small sheets (shingles) with a figured bottom edge. On one such sheet, 1 m long and a little over 30 cm wide, there are three or four tiles.

The standard size of a shingle sheet is 1000 x 337 mm.

Bituminous shingles are produced in the form of fish scales, honeycombs, triangles, ovals, six- and rectangles different sizes, which are usually symmetrically placed on the sheet. In addition, there is also a wave-like bituminous tile, but it is not suitable for finishing cornices and ridges. The color of the shingles can be either monophonic or combining several different shades of the main color (this is clearly visible in the figure below). Using such a coating, you can achieve a beautiful melange effect on the roof (an interconnected combination or interspersed various options one shade).

This color variety is additionally emphasized by the resistance of shingles to ultraviolet radiation, due to which it does not change its color over time, that is, it does not have to be repainted or tinted.

Secrets of the successful operation of shingles

Firstly, in order for the shingles to serve you for a long time, choose the right manufacturer, since this is exactly the case when the difference in the quality of the material from different manufacturers can be simply colossal.

Secondly, no less important correctly install, strictly following the recommended technology for laying bituminous tiles of a particular manufacturer and it is very desirable to use the recommended components.

When installing bituminous tiles, special attention should be paid to the ventilation of the under-roof space - the operating time of the roof largely depends on the durability of the rafters.

Quite often, problems when laying bituminous tiles occur in winter, when it is not applied. special technology installation (it is necessary to carefully warm up each petal of the tile), in this case it is difficult for the tiles to hermetically connect to each other, as a result of which they can be lifted or torn off by a strong gust of wind.

Properties and scope of shingles

The scope of bituminous tiles is very extensive, it is also used for ordinary shed roofs, and multi-pitched, and absolutely any, even very complex configuration with an angle of inclination of more than 15 °, and sometimes even as a covering for vertical walls.

Even at the stage of choosing a specific brand of shingles, specify its frost resistance and fire resistance. As a rule, not ordinary, but modified bitumen is used for its production. There are only two most common modifiers:

• APP (atactic polypropylene)
• SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene).

APP-modified bitumen is resistant to high temperatures, but at the same time, its elasticity index is lower.

SBS-modified bitumen can be said to be the exact opposite of the previous one. The degree of elasticity at negative temperatures it is higher, which prevents cracking of the material in winter period, but its resistance to melting is lower.

Therefore, the conclusion is obvious - it is desirable to use shingles based on APP-modified bitumen in areas with a warm climate, and shingles based on SBS - with cold ones.

According to fire classification, various brands of bituminous tiles can belong both to the group of increased flammability and to moderate. But, since a roof made of flexible tiles with a continuous adhesive layer allows for a long time to block the access of oxygen to the combustion source, it is customary for specialists to attribute flexible tiles to slow-burning materials. But still we must not forget that bituminous tiles burn.

In order to make it easier for the buyer to navigate the assortment, the sellers of shingles have identified four price categories:

• Economy class
• middle class
• elite class
• premium class.

As an example, it can be unequivocally stated that bituminous shingles coated with stone chips will be more expensive than bituminous shingles with mineral coatings, the cost of multi-color shingles will be higher than the price of single-color shingles, and imported shingles will cost more than domestic ones. Finnish-made bituminous tiles with a copper coating are considered one of the most expensive.

Set for shingles

The set of bituminous roofing tiles includes: ridge-cornice tiles and valley, lining carpet, metal components(cornice strips, droppers), end strips, junctions, fasteners (glue, nails) and ventilation elements.

Konkovo ​​- cornice tiles serves as a starting strip when installing roofing or is divided into three parts and used as a ridge tile.

Valley (lining) carpet seals internal corners roofs, as well as docking points with walls and a chimney. The basis of this material is polyester. The underlayment is sold in 1 x 10 m rolls and is 4 mm thick. With small slopes, it is used throughout the roof.

cornice plank laid on a lining carpet along the entire length of the eaves.

droppers protect cornices from moisture, prevent their swelling and delamination. The roofing carpet has no extension beyond the cornice overhang. Therefore, if there is no drip, water flowing down the surface of the roofing material falls on the wooden frontal board of the eaves.

End plate protects the material at the ends of the building from wind loads, prevents the wind from lifting and tearing the tiles.

Metal connection used for additional mechanical fastening valley carpet at the junctions with walls and a chimney.

Ventilation elements are made of frost-resistant plastic and are intended for the installation of ventilation hoods on a slope and a ridge.

Glue – bitumen-polymer mastic in buckets of 3 and 10 liters, as well as in multifunctional cartridges weighing 310 g.

roofing nails - special stainless steel nails with a wide head.

Features of installation of shingles

The main feature of preparing for the installation of shingles is the need to create a continuous crate. But at the same time, the design of the roofing "pie" is the same as that of other types of roofing. It consists of wooden rafters, between which a heater is laid, from the side of the room it is closed with a vapor barrier film. Above the rafters wooden beam a counter-lattice is stuffed with a thickness of 30 - 40 mm. This allows you to ventilate the under-roof space. A continuous crate is laid on the counter-lattice, to which the tiles are subsequently attached. The crate is made of moisture resistant plywood, OSB boards or edged grooved board 15-20 mm thick. Sheets of plywood or OSB boards should be laid with a gap between the joints. The basis for the device of a roof from a bituminous tile has to be strong, smooth and dry.

Before laying the coating on a continuous crate, a lining carpet is laid and, in parallel, bituminous tiles are raised to the roof in small batches. Lay it from bottom to top and from right to left. To do this, remove the shingle from the wrong side protective strip, under which is adhesive layer, and heat it with a building hair dryer. They fasten the tiles to a continuous crate not only with glue, but also with nails, placing the tiles overlapping. In the future, the upper shingles, under the influence of solar heat, fuse with the lower ones, forming a continuous waterproof coating. Having reached the line of the skate, upper part the shingle is bent over it, laid on the lining carpet and fixed on the opposite slope.

Then overlapped rectangular ridge elements. mount bituminous roofing preferably with outdoor temperature not lower than +5 °С. To cover the valleys, a lining carpet is used that seals the internal corners of the roof, as well as a metal junction for its fastening. The same device is used for laying tiles at the joints with walls and near chimney. For the installation of such a roof, special tools are not needed. In addition, shingles are enough economical material- its waste is only 3-4%.

In the event that you decide to control your workers, then follow next steps mounting:

• side faces should be well glued;
• when installing the crate you need to use only dried boards, since over time the tree will begin to dry out and undergo “torsion”, and the roof may suffer from this;
• cardboard-based roofing material cannot be used as bedding materials , even if this significantly reduces the cost of the roof (the cardboard will swell during operation, and the roof will be covered with bubbles).

With an angle of inclination of 200, not less, although for different brands bituminous material the minimum tilt angle may vary. Exact Angle the slope of the coating manufacturer must specify in technical passport as well as on the packaging.

There are no special restrictions for a large slope in the case of soft tiles; they are well attached even to a vertical surface, such as a wall or a vertical part of a roof.

Laying soft tiles will not entail any difficulties, however, it needs special attention and thoroughness, the durability of the operation of the roof depends on this.

What type of shingles are there?

The surface of the tile is covered with a layer of sand from the back, and a layer of self-adhesive bitumen is applied on top. The latter is protected by a polyethylene film, which, before starting installation work take off. The bituminous layer is designed to make the roofing more airtight. To increase the service life of the roofing, the adhesive layer should be created with an area of ​​at least 15% of the entire surface of the roofing, if this is missed, then the tightness will be broken.

The tiles have standard sizes 33.7x100.0 cm, one pack contains 21 sheets. This pack is enough to cover 3 square meters roofs. The packaging is light in weight, it can be freely placed in the trunk of a passenger car.

Before installing bituminous tiles, the surface should be prepared so that it is perfectly smooth, dry and grease-free, have a solid base of edged board, moisture resistant plywood or OSB. The thickness of the base depends entirely on the size of the gaps between the rafters. It should also be taken into account that the base should be covered with rolled waterproofing material to provide additional protection for the house from the effects of climate change. The use of additional waterproofing, that is, continuous or partial, depends on the level of the roof slope.

• On slopes where the slope is not more than 300, the waterproofing layer is placed in rows, parallel to the eaves, over the entire roof area, however, taking into account the type of bitumen.
• On slopes with a slope of 300 and above, waterproofing is laid only in the places of the chimney pipes, along the eaves, in the attic area and in those places where rain or snow water can be concentrated.

Waterproofing seams are sealed with bituminous mastic.

Shingles of shingles begin to be laid from below, in rows. The first row of roofing should hide the cuts and joints on the cornice tiles. The right ledge of the top course should cover the joints of the shingles from the first course. Care must be taken to ensure that the laying is uniform. The ends of the eaves must be evenly cut along with bitumen and treated with bituminous mastic.