During construction own home or if necessary carry out major renovation In the apartment, their owners are faced with the need to install utilities. One of the parameters that you will have to decide on is the diameter of the sewer pipe.

You will also need:

• calculate the slope of the future system, on which the functioning of the sewage system depends,
• calculate the number of turns in the highway and their angle;
• choose a pipe assembly method;
• select fittings and plumbing fixtures.

For correct execution work needs to be designed future design and select all building materials. As for the diameter of the sewer pipe in an apartment or residential building, it is customary to use products with a cross-section of 100 millimeters in toilets, and from 40 to 50 millimeters in the kitchen and bathroom.

Sewage pipe diameter

The difference between the diameters is due to two reasons:

• when the toilet is flushed, a large volume of water passes through the plumbing fixture;
• Solid fractions and objects that can clog the pipe if it has a small cross-sectional size often get into the toilet.

But in this case, the question arises why the diameter of the pipes in the bathrooms is small, but a significant volume of waste flows through them when they are emptied. This feature is explained simply.

The fact is that the permeability of the sewer pipe corresponds to this parameter in its most bottleneck, and this is the release of the bathtub. Its sewer pipe diameter is minimal, and it is covered with a special grill. Therefore, there is no point in using large cross-section products in the bathroom.

If you install a bidet next to the toilet, then the diameter should still not exceed 100 millimeters, since simultaneous operation two plumbing fixtures, if it happens, it’s extremely rare.

Large-diameter pipes for toilets are installed not only because of the need to pass solids. The fact is that there should be a small gap left in them for air.

Nuances of system arrangement

To understand why such a large diameter of a toilet pipe is needed, one should imagine a closed system in which wastewater moves at speed, completely occupying the entire internal space.

In this case, the displaced air in all outlets will be under very high pressure. It will squeeze out the water seals in plumbing fixtures, which will cause a lot of trouble for property owners. There will be a terrible smell in the bathroom and there is a high probability that you will have to wash the walls and ceiling of feces.

SNiP 2.04.01-85 describes methods for calculating the diameters of pipes for sewerage in an apartment. They are complex; they take into account the slope of the pipeline on horizontal sections of the main line, the angle of connection of the terminals with the riser and other nuances. The same documentation contains tables that provide the ability to calculate the maximum permeability of pipe products at a certain diameter size.

As practice shows:

1. For wiring all sewer system in houses and apartments with optimal quantity plumbing equipment A product with a cross section of 100 millimeters will be sufficient.
2. The diameter of the sewer pipe for sinks, bathtubs and other appliances should be half that size.
3. If engineering Communication laid in an apartment building, then the diameter of the sewer riser pipe in five-story buildings should be 100 millimeters, and in buildings with more floors - no more than 150 millimeters.
4. Common to a large number of apartments, the horizontal sections of the sewer system, which combine several risers and access to the sewer, can be approximately 200 millimeters in diameter.
5. The diameter of a cast iron sewer pipe in an apartment or private household begins to decrease after a certain time due to fouling of the inner surface different types sediments.
6. The diameters of plumbing plastic pipes never decrease, since they inner surface smooth and almost does not collect fat deposits. They also do not silt, sand does not collect in them, provided that they are provided with a sufficient slope and there are no irregularities inside the products.

Based on the above information, the conclusion suggests itself that during repairs when replacing a cast iron 50 mm pipe, you can use a 40 mm plastic product.

Previously named sizes are the variety of diameters produced sewer pipes not limited. In the trading network you can find pipe products made of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene, having diameters equal to 75.90, 110,160,300 millimeters.

But, before choosing such products, you need to know that purchasing fittings or cuffs for them, designed for connection with plumbing fixtures, can sometimes be problematic. Perhaps you should not give preference to products with a non-standard cross-section.

In this case, an exception must be made for sewer pipes made of plastic with a cross-section of 200 millimeters or more, since their scope of application is arranging outlets for wells and laying sections between them. The fact is that today there is no alternative to these products. The variety of sizes of plastic sewer pipes makes them increasingly popular.

Choosing the right diameter

When selecting materials for arranging a wastewater disposal system, you should remember not only what diameter the sewer pipes are, but also take into account some of the nuances of such work:

1. The cross-section of a horizontal pipeline cannot be larger than the diameter of the sewer riser pipe into which waste water is discharged. In addition, you need to remember that any narrowing in the structure located in the direction of movement of the drains are places where blockages will form.
2. Horizontal connections must be mounted from angles and oblique tees. Angles of 90 degrees are allowed only when connecting a horizontal section of the system with sewer riser. If you follow this rule, there will be no problems if you need to clean the sewer.
3. It is mandatory to install revisions in the places where the sewer structure turns, which are cleaning holes with covers. An exception is allowed only when there is, for example, a tee nearby that serves to connect a sink. If necessary, it is he who will perform the audit function.
4. When risers are located in multi-story buildings, revisions are placed every three floors. It would not be superfluous to arrange an audit in horizontal blind areas with a length of more than 12 meters.
5. The sewer riser is left open at the top, which is explained by the need for air suction, otherwise the vacuum when flushing sewage on the lower floors will suck in the water seal from the plumbing fixture installed on the upper floor, and bad smell quickly spread throughout the entire apartment.
6. The slope of a horizontal pipe should be 1-2 centimeters per meter. If you make it larger, the water will not only make more noise when drained, but also silt up. When the slope is less, the drainage drains too slowly.
7. When laying a sewer system under a screed, it should be thermally insulated roll material and then the sound of water will not be heard much.
8. Plastic products, having a diameter of 40-300 millimeters, can be cut without problems with a hacksaw or grinder. As a result, the cut is smooth and free of burrs. Then you need to chamfer the pipe.
9. The sewer structure is fastened at intervals equal to ten pipe diameters.
10. When laying plastic pipes with a diameter of 40 to 300 millimeters, they should be left with free space in case of thermal expansion. Therefore, when inserting pipes into the socket of the previous elements, they do not need to be pushed all the way, but should be left about 0.5 centimeters. Then, during prolonged drainage of hot waste, the pipeline sections mounted end-to-end will not be damaged.
11. The entire sewer system is assembled so that the sockets are located towards the moving liquid.

Not so long ago, sewer pipes and fittings for them could be found on sale in only two diameters: 50 and 100 millimeters. On the shelves today construction stores we see much more wide choose. It can be difficult for a person who has started building his own house or renovating an apartment to find out what diameter of sewer pipe should be used in each specific case. Let's talk about how to correctly determine the diameter of sewer pipes in a house, apartment and on a site.

The diameter of cast iron sewer pipes and fittings for them is limited to only three sizes: 50, 100 and 150 mm. Dimensions are measured from the inside, taking into account the wall thickness outer size the style is noticeably superior to the internal one. Everyone knows the disadvantages of cast iron: bulkiness, complex installation, loss of tightness of connections over time, a considerable price.

The range of standard sizes of “cast iron” is quite scarce

Manufacturers of today's popular polymer products offer a much wider range. The diameter of plastic sewer pipes is measured externally and varies from 16 to 1200 mm.

The most common sizes of internal plastic sewer

Why is such diversity needed? Firstly, the scope and capabilities are expanding pipeline systems. Secondly, thanks to the availability of various standard sizes, it becomes possible to more economically select products to solve certain problems. The smaller the diameter of the sewer pipe, the lower its cost. Thirdly: a smaller part is easier to integrate into a thin partition. Eg, outside diameter sewer pipe 50 made of cast iron along the socket is 76 mm, which does not allow it to be placed in a six-centimeter partition of a standard reinforced concrete plumbing cabin. But the plastic pipe 40, which has a socket width of 49 mm, fits into a thin wall without any problems.

The choice of plastic sewerage is extremely diverse, both in size and configuration. In the photo - elements for installation inside buildings

How long are sewer pipes? For internal wiring: 250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000. For external, 3000 and 6000 are added to the above.

How to select the correct diameters of sewer pipes

Theoretically, in order to accurately determine what diameter of sewer pipe is required, it is necessary to carry out a rather complex hydraulic calculation for a specific wiring diagram, taking into account the load and other system parameters. In practice, doing this every time is troublesome and makes no sense. Designers carry out calculations only for large external sewer networks, and, if necessary, central risers in large buildings and industries. In other cases, the style and its configuration are selected based on regulatory requirements and recommendations. The regulations for the design, construction and installation of sewer networks contain building regulations. For internal networks this is SP 30.13330.2012, external - SP 32.13330.2012. Let's take a closer look at the specifics of choice for internal and external systems:

Internal networks

Just a couple of decades ago, before the massive appearance of plastic fittings, neither designers nor plumbers had to think about what diameter of cast iron sewer pipe to use. Of the available assortment, 150 were rarely used inside buildings, risers were assembled from 100 mm elements, and everything else was assembled from 50. And today there are those who like to stick “fifty dollars” everywhere. It’s easier this way, you don’t need to bother with a large assortment of products, think through the wiring, or draw up precise specifications. And the fact that the customer overpays does not bother every contractor. Competent plumbers who care about the client’s well-being will suggest that he use smaller (and therefore cheaper) elements where possible. Of course, in typical apartment with one standard bathroom, the savings will not be great. But in big country house the number of drain points will be considerable and the savings are already noticeable. It will be even more significant when arranging communications in apartment building.

For internal networks, any available diameter (50, 100 and 150) cast iron sewer pipe or plastic ones from 16 to 160 can be used. Let's consider their scope of application in more detail:

• Sewage elements with a diameter of 16 and 25 mm are used only for draining uncontaminated wastewater from air conditioners, dehumidifiers, ventilation units and other things technological equipment. The condensate formed in small quantities during the operation of such installations is pure distilled water.
• 32 or more is suitable for washbasins in the bathroom and toilet, sinks at the bar, where fats will not be drained, but will be limited to washing with conditionally clean glassware(shot glasses, wine glasses, glasses).
• 40 or more - laundry sink, kitchen sink, bidet, washing and dishwasher, separate bath and shower drains.
• 50 - combined bath and shower drain, drain in the floor of the bathroom, shower, laundry room.
• 60 - horizontal “lounger”, if more than three devices without a toilet are connected to it.
• 75 - horizontal “lounger”, if more than five devices without a toilet are connected to it.
• 100 cast iron and 110 plastic - toilet, vertical risers.

The diameter of a sewer pipe in a private house larger than 110 is rarely used inside a cottage and never in an apartment.

Additional requirements when choosing

When choosing a pipe size, the following recommendations should be taken into account:

• The connected diameter of the siphon of the plumbing fixture must be equal to the size of the inlet or be smaller than it.
• The recommended sewer slope must be observed. The optimal slope is 30-50 mm per 1 m.p. for pipes with a diameter of up to 50, 20-40 mm for 110. For slopes of less than 15 mm and more than 60 mm per 1 m.p. The likelihood of blockages increases significantly.
• It is not recommended to use 90º (87º, to be more precise) corner elements when laying. It is better to put two turns at 45º to turn at a right angle.

Do not use 87º turns unless necessary. The photo shows the correct wiring, assembled from elements at 45º

• You should ensure that the distance from the drain of a plumbing fixture with an inlet with a diameter of less than 50 mm to a vertical riser or pipe of a larger diameter does not exceed 1.0-2.3 m. If it is greater, it is better to use “fifty kopecks” everywhere.

It would not be a technical mistake to assemble the entire system from two standard sizes: 50 and 110. This is just a matter of saving money.

External networks

What diameter of sewer pipe should I choose for external installation? Standards require the use of elements measuring 150 or more for external networks. However, given the small volume of wastewater from a private residential building, it is permissible to lay it from the house to a septic tank or central network cast iron pipe 100 or plastic 110. If the septic tank or biofilter treatment plant is factory-made, its characteristics should be taken into account. First find out what pipe diameter to choose for sewer installation, in those equipment passports.

Minimum slopes for external installation

Installing a sewer system is, at first glance, a simple task. However, mistakes made out of ignorance can be costly. Remodeling a system that constantly clogs in a bathroom whose walls are lined with expensive tiles is a real pleasure. If you decide to do the work yourself, you should study the subject in detail; the materials on our website will help in this matter. If you don't have free time and the necessary skills, entrust the work not to “schemers”, but to proven specialists. They will tell you what diameter of sewer pipe is most suitable for a house or apartment.

On suburban area, which is located far from the city limits, must have a sewerage system. It can be created not only to provide economic needs, but also perform other functions.

Types of sewers

Today there are several types of sewerage:

• stock;
• stormwater;
• drainage and so on.

The sewage system is also divided into:

• internal;
• external.

The diameter of sewer pipes and their choice depend precisely on these technical characteristics.

Types of pipes

In order to make a sewer system in a suburban area, you must first decide on the choice of pipes for it. There are several varieties of them:

• plastic;
• metal;
• ceramic;
• cast iron.

Each of these types has its own specifications and properties. Their classifications and methods of use are also different. The diameter of sewer pipes of all types also differs, but in some product modifications it may be similar. Their surface may also be different:

• smooth;
• corrugated.

Characteristics of plastic pipes for sewerage

Sewage plastic pipes are made from various materials:

• polyvinyl chloride;
• polypropylene;
• polyethylene.

Polyethylene pipes are made from raw materials with a fairly dense structure. They can be used for external and internal sewerage.

Advantages of plastic pipes

At the moment, this type is most often used for sewer construction. The popularity of such products is due not only to their low cost, but also to their excellent properties and characteristics.

Plastic pipes:

• do not corrode;
• durable;
• reliable;
• durable;
• wear-resistant;
• frost-resistant;
• fire resistant;
• easy to install.

The main advantage of plastic pipes is that they do not rust and cannot be exposed to weather and climatic conditions. They can withstand quite significant loads. For this reason, they can be installed underground at great depths.

In some cases, experts recommend using sleeve technology when installing plastic sewer pipes in the ground. It involves placing one pipe inside another, which is larger in diameter. The same principle can be used to insulate any pipe.

Installing plastic pipes and fastening them together is quite simple. For this purpose, special equipment and fittings are used. It is also worth considering that inner diameter PVC sewer pipes are different from the outside. For this reason, it is worth choosing fittings based on the external volume of the pipe.

If plastic pipes go deep into the ground, they must first be checked for leaks.

The long service life of such products is ensured by the dense structure of the plastic. Pipes do not burn or are exposed to impacts high temperature. Due to frost, they will not be deformed, but the water in them may freeze. For this reason, it is worth considering insulating sewer pipes that are located above the freezing level of the soil.

Less popular pipes in sewerage installations

Except standard types, there are also others that are not yet so popular in use, but also have good technical properties.

These include pipes:

• reinforced concrete:
• fiberglass;
• asbestos-cement.

Reinforced concrete is most often used for arranging central sewer. Although cases of their use on a suburban area cannot be ruled out. central pipe, which combines several wastewater. They are durable and reliable. Despite this, they are capable of deteriorating over time when exposed to a humid environment. In addition, they have a large mass, which makes them much more difficult to install with your own hands.

A reinforced concrete sewer pipe with a diameter of 100 mm weighs about 50-60 kg. For this reason, its installation is carried out with special equipment.

They are also not very popular. They are not very durable, but they are not susceptible to moisture. They can also be used in the construction of internal and external sewerage, however, you should not immerse them in the ground. Although their structure is strong, it easily deforms under heavy loads. The diameter of sewer pipes of this type can be different, but the most popular is 200 mm.

Asbestos-cement sewer pipes are also not often used. They are lighter than reinforced concrete. They have similar technical properties and characteristics. These are fragile sewer pipes. The diameter of 100 mm is considered the smallest. The wall thickness is from 2 to 3 cm. They are difficult to install. Special equipment is used for the work. Although in some cases the installation of a sewer system from asbestos-cement pipes is carried out independently.

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It is mandatory to install inspections at all sewer bends, which are holes equipped with covers for cleaning. An exception can be made in cases where, for example, a tee for connecting a washbasin is located nearby, since, if necessary, it can perform the inspection function.

Audits are installed every 3 floors in risers multi-storey buildings. An inspection will also not be superfluous on blind horizontal sections longer than 12 m. The top should be open. This is necessary for air suction, so that the vacuum during the flushing process on the lower floors will suck in the water seal from the upper toilet. Without a water seal, odors will quickly fill the entire apartment.
A slope of 1-2 cm vertically per 1 m horizontally is desirable.
If it is larger, then during drainage the water will make a louder noise and will begin to flood more strongly, and if it is smaller, the water will begin to drain very slowly.

Plastic sewer pipes with a diameter of 50-200 mm can be cut perfectly with both a grinder and a hacksaw. In this case, the cut is burr-free and very smooth. After the required piece is cut, the pipe is chamfered. When installed, they need to be left with space for thermal expansion.
When laying water supply and sewer pipes in parallel at the same level, the distance between their walls must be at least 1.5 m for water pipes with a diameter of up to 200 mm, and for larger diameters - at least 3 m.

Every owner wants everything in his household to work, nothing to break, and to be easy to maintain and install. And sewerage is no exception. It needs to require as little attention as possible - it’s very inconvenient if it gets clogged, but it’s no less unpleasant to clean it. If you want to have a trouble-free drainage system, pay attention to plastic sewer pipes. They are gradually replacing cast iron ones, and all because they cost less, are easier to install, and have a large assortment - different diameters and length, almost no deposits form on their smooth walls, and their service life is about 50 years. This whole bouquet of properties determines their popularity.

Types of plastic sewer pipes

• polyethylene (PE):
  • high pressure (HPV) - for internal sewerage distribution;
  • low pressure (LDPE) - can be laid outside, in trenches (they have greater strength);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polypropylene (PP)

And further whole line other thermoplastics and their combinations, but they are rare - people prefer to use already known materials.

The material of plastic sewer pipes is selected depending on the application. For example, polypropylene is more suitable for installing sewerage inside a house or apartment. It has a higher operating temperature range - it normally tolerates environments up to 70°C, and for a short time - up to 95°C. If there are different household appliances, discharging waste hot water into the sewer, it will not be superfluous. PVC pipes having more than low prices, are more appropriate when laying external sewerage— here the wastewater is usually already mixed, so the temperatures are lower and PVC can withstand them without harm (working up to +40°C, short-term increase to 60°C).

Sewer pipes can also be smooth or corrugated. Moreover, not only siphon bends can be corrugated. There are profiled pipes for sewerage with an internal smooth wall and an external ribbed one. They have greater strength - they can better withstand compressive loads (they have increased ring rigidity) and can be buried to great depths. Available in diameters from 110 mm to 1200 mm.

Dimensions and diameters

Sewage plastic pipes, unlike water and gas pipes, are produced in the form of lengths of 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm, etc. - up to 600 cm. Maximum length- 12 meters, but some manufacturers can make longer sections upon request. When laying long routes, this is convenient - there are fewer connections, fewer possible places for problems to arise (leaks or blockages).

More important characteristics plastic pipes - diameter and wall thickness. In the markings they usually go side by side: the numbers are 160 * 4.2. What it means: the outer diameter of the pipe is 160 mm, the wall thickness is 4.2 mm. It’s worth remembering here that manufacturers indicate the outer diameter of plastic pipes, and many calculations and planning require knowing the inner one. It is easy to calculate: subtract twice the wall thickness from the outer wall: 160 mm - 4.2 mm * 2 = 151.6 mm. Calculations and tables usually show a rounded result—in this case, 150 mm.

In general, the industry produces plastic pipes for sewerage with a diameter of 25 mm. The maximum cross-section depends on the type of pipe (smooth or corrugated) and the material from which it is made. For example, smooth sewer PVC pipes can be up to 630 mm in diameter, and profiled two-layer ones - up to 1200 mm. But these dimensions are of no use to homeowners or apartment dwellers. In private housing construction, diameters up to 100-110 mm are mainly used, rarely up to 160 mm. Sometimes, for a large cottage with a large number of plumbing fixtures, a pipe of 200-250 mm in diameter may be needed.

How to choose a diameter for connecting plumbing fixtures

According to the rules, a calculation must be made; it is fully spelled out in SNiP 2.04.01085. This is a complex matter, a lot of data is required, so few people really think as it should. Over the years, accumulated practice has made it possible to derive the average diameters of polyethylene sewer pipes for each of the plumbing fixtures. You can safely use these developments - all calculations usually come down to these dimensions.

Name of plumbing fixture	Diameter of plastic sewer pipe	Slope	Distance between central drain and siphon
Bath	40 mm	1:30	100-130 cm
Shower	40 mm	1:48	150-170 cm
Toilet	100 mm	1:20	up to 600 cm
Sink	40 mm	1:12	from 0 to 80 cm
Bidet	30-40 mm	1:20	70-100 cm
Kitchen sink	30-40 mm	1:36	130-150 cm
Combined drain - bath, sink, shower	50 mm	1:48	170-230 cm
Central riser	100-110 mm
Bends from the central riser	65-75 cm

As you can see, plastic pipes for sewerage with a diameter of 30-40 mm are mainly used. Only for the toilet is much needed larger size- 100-110 mm. This is due to the peculiarity of its functioning - it is necessary to take a large number of water. At the same time, there must be room for air in the pipe, otherwise it will break the water seals on other plumbing fixtures and “aromas” from the sewer will enter the room.

When installing, you need to remember a few more rules:

You also need to remember about insulating or heating the sewer outlet in a private house. The vertical section that runs from the outlet to the entrance to the trench must be well insulated. Additionally, they are often used. In the case of sewers, they are usually laid outside and then covered with thermal insulation material.

That's it, that's it. The rules are simple, but if you follow them, everything will work for a long time and without failure.

Features of installation of plastic sewer pipes

Plastic pipes for sewerage on one side end with a socket into which a sealing rubber. The segments are connected simply: a straight edge is inserted into the socket. Since the dimensions are strictly standardized, this is, in principle, sufficient for a hermetically sealed connection. In practice, the O-ring is often additionally coated with silicone plumbing sealant.

When installing sewer plastic pipes, sometimes they have to be cut. Convenient to do with hand saw with a blade for metal - small teeth cut well and leave an almost even edge. You can also use a grinder or jigsaw. In any case, before installing the cut piece, its edge must be treated with fine-grain sandpaper to remove possible burrs and make it smooth. Some piece of waste may get caught on the protruding pieces, and as a result, a blockage may form in this place. Therefore, we carefully smooth out the cut area.

While creating sewer network in a house or apartment it is often necessary to make a branch. There are fittings for this - adapters from one diameter to another, tees, angles with different degrees of rotation, etc.