If you want to build an extraordinary house, unlike your neighbors’ house, take a closer look at houses with a pitched roof. It gives the building originality. In addition, a pitched roof is the simplest to install. So simple that you can easily do it yourself.

Advantages and disadvantages

Shed roofs are considered the most inexpensive and easiest to install. And this is true, especially with the small width of the building. However, in our country, houses with pitched roofs are very rare. For the most part, this is due to the fact that two or four of us are more accustomed pitched roofs— they look more familiar. The second snag is to find a project adapted to our weather conditions. There are a lot of projects on Western resources, but they are designed for a milder climate and, as a rule, have a large glazing area. Finding an architect who will competently change a project you like is very difficult. But if you succeed, and the harmony of the building is not disturbed, the house turns out to be very original.

Many people are afraid of uneven ceilings in some parts of the building. They are, of course, more difficult to beat than standard ones, but the result is of a completely different level - 100% original. True, this time it is very difficult to find a designer who can develop such an interior in the vastness of our Motherland, but nevertheless, it is possible.

There is another way out - to level the ceilings by overlapping, and use the free space under the roof as technical rooms. Such options have been implemented and the owners are very satisfied. Yes, technical rooms are in ground floor, and at the top, but there are no problems with groundwater.

These are, perhaps, all the disadvantages or pitfalls that a pitched roof can bring. There is, however, one more point that can hardly be called a disadvantage. Due to the peculiarity of the structure, the roofing material on such houses is not visible from the ground. If the terrain is flat, without large differences in elevation, there is no point in bothering with the appearance of the roof. It is better to choose simple ones, but quality materials, quiet (the plane is large, it makes a lot of noise when it rains) and reliable. One of the popular options is seam roofing. It provides the proper degree of tightness and is not very noisy. Another option is made from modern materials. Such roofs are even quieter, and modern materials can be used for 20-30 years without repair.

Construction of a pitched roof

Organize the required slope of the pitched roof due to the difference in heights of the opposite walls. One wall of the building turns out to be significantly higher than the other. This leads to increased consumption of materials for the walls, but the rafter system is very simple, especially for buildings of small width.

With sufficient bearing capacity walls, the truss system of a pitched roof rests on a mauerlat attached to the wall. To make the load distribution more uniform, the top row of the wall masonry is reinforced with longitudinal reinforcement (for brick walls, concrete blocks) or an armored belt is poured over the last row (for walls made of limestone, shell rock). In the case of a wooden or frame structure, the role of the Mauerlat is usually performed by the last crown or top trim.

If the building material of the walls is insufficiently strong, most of the load can be transferred to the ceiling. To do this, install racks (steps of about 1 meter), on which purlins are laid - long bars running along the building. The rafter legs then rest on them.

When pouring an armored belt or laying the last row, studs are installed into it in increments of 80-100 cm, with the help of which the mauerlat is then attached to the walls of the building. In wooden houses, if you do not make an armored belt, it is impossible to install studs. In this case, installation on pins with a hexagonal head is allowed. Under the pin, through the Mauerlat, a hole is drilled, a couple of millimeters smaller than the diameter of the pin. A metal rod is driven into it, which attracts the wooden beam to the wall. The connection is tightened using a hex wrench of the required size.

Rafter system of a pitched roof

Such roofs are especially popular in the construction of courtyard buildings - sheds, garages. It’s just that the size of the buildings allows the use of not very powerful beams, and beams are required in small quantities. With a building width of up to 6 meters, the rafter system of a pitched roof contains almost no additional reinforcing elements (supports and purlins), which is beneficial. Also attractive is the absence of complex knots.

For Central Russia, for a span of up to 5.5 meters, beams of 50-150 mm are taken; up to 4 meters, 50-100 mm is enough, although in an amicable way, you need to consider the snow and wind load specifically in your region, and, based on this, decide with beam parameters.

With a distance between the walls of up to 4.5 meters, the pitched roof consists of two mauerlat bars fixed to the walls, and rafter legs, which rest on the Mauerlat. Really very simple design.

With a span width of 4.5 meters to 6 meters, a support is also required, fixed to a higher wall at the floor level and a rafter leg that rests on the beam almost in the middle. The slope angle of this beam depends on the distance between the walls and the level of installation of the beam.

More complex rafter systems in a pitched roof with a building width of more than 6 meters. In this case, it is optimal if the house is designed in such a way that there is also a load-bearing wall inside on which the racks rest. With a house width of up to 12 meters, the trusses are still simple, and the cost of installing the roof is minimal.

For buildings more than 12 meters wide, the system becomes more complex - there are more rafter legs. In addition, manufacturing beams longer than 6 meters is expensive. If an increase is required only by the width of the roof overhangs, the beams are extended along the edges with fillets. These are pieces of beams of the same cross-section, connected to the beam and secured on the sides with two wooden plates at least 60 cm long, fastened with bolts or nails, allowing the use of mounting plates.

If the total length of the beam is more than 8 meters, they are usually spliced. The joints are further reinforced by nailing boards or mounting plates.

Options for attaching the rafters to the mauerlat: sliding at the top and rigid at the top on the right. Below on the right is a version of a tie-in without overhangs (very rarely used)

There may also be questions about how to attach the rafters of pitched roofs to the Mauerlat. There are no fundamental differences. Everyone also makes a cutout in the rafter leg, with which the beam rests on the mauerlat. In order not to suffer with each rafter leg, leveling its fit, having cut out the first one, a template is made from a piece of board, thick plywood or timber that exactly repeats the resulting “cut”. All subsequent rafters are sawn before installation. A template is applied to them in the right place, a recess of the required shape and size is outlined and cut out.

This was about rigidly attaching the rafter legs to the mauerlat. It is used on all buildings that exhibit low shrinkage. This method of fastening cannot be used on wooden houses - the house always settles or rises slightly, which can cause misalignment. If the roof is fixed tightly, it may tear. Therefore, when installing a pitched or any other roof on wooden houses, they use sliding joint rafters and mauerlat. For this there are so-called “slippers”. These are plates, consisting of corners that are attached to the mauerlat and metal strips movably connected to them, which are attached to the rafter leg. Two such slips are placed on each rafter.

Choosing a roof angle

The roof slope angle is determined by a combination of indicators - wind and snow loads and the type of roofing material. First, the angle is determined according to climatic conditions (depending on the amount of precipitation and wind loads). Then they look at the minimum recommended slope for the selected type of roofing material (in the table below).

If the desired angle is greater, everything is fine; if it is less (which happens very rarely), increase it to the recommended one. It is not advisable to make a roof with an angle less than the minimum angle recommended by the roofing manufacturer - it will leak at the joints. To make it easier to navigate, let’s say that for central Russia the recommended slope of a pitched roof is 20°. But it is advisable to calculate the figure for each region, and even for different locations of buildings on the site.

By the way, keep in mind that different manufacturers The same type of roofing material may require different minimum slopes. For example, one brand can be produced on roofs with a minimum slope of 14°, another - 16°. And this despite the fact that GOST defines a minimum slope of 6°.

It is also worth remembering that with a slope of up to 12°, in order to ensure the tightness of any roofing material, it is necessary to coat all joints of the material with a liquid waterproofing compound (usually bitumen mastic, less often - roofing sealant).

Determine the height to which you want to raise the wall

To ensure the found slope angle of the pitched roof, it is necessary to raise one of the walls higher. How much higher we will find out by remembering the formulas for calculating a right triangle. Using them we also find the length of the rafter legs.

When calculating, do not forget that the length is obtained without taking into account overhangs, and they are needed to protect the walls of the house from precipitation. The minimum overhang is 20 cm. But with such a small protrusion beyond the building, the pitched roof looks short. Therefore, overhangs are usually made at least 60 cm per one-story buildings. On two-story ones they can be up to 120 cm. In this case, the width of the overhang is determined based on aesthetic considerations - the roof should look harmonious.

The easiest way to determine how much the roof needs to be extended is in design programs that allow you to draw the building to scale and “play” with the overhangs. Everything should be displayed in 3 dimensions (the most popular program is ScratchUp). Twist through different sizes of overhangs, decide which one looks better (if there is no project), and then order/make rafters.

Photo report from the construction site: a pitched roof on a house made of aerated concrete

A house was built in St. Petersburg. There was no project, there was a general idea, which is presented in the photo. House made of aerated concrete, finishing- plaster, seam roof chosen on the basis of low cost, reliability, and ease of installation.

After the walls were removed, an armored belt was poured into them, into which studs (Ø 10 mm) were installed every meter. When the concrete in the armored belt reached the required deterioration, a layer of waterproofing (“Gidroizol”, cut lengthwise into strips of the required width) was laid on the bitumen mastic. A mauerlat - 150-150 mm timber - is laid on top of the waterproofing. All lumber used for roofing is dry and treated with protective impregnations and fire retardants.

Beginning of installation of a pitched roof - laying the Mauerlat

First, they put it in place (lying on the pins, held by assistants), and walk along it, hitting with a hammer on the places where the pins are. The places where the studs stick out are imprinted in the timber. Now they drill holes and simply push it onto the studs.

Since the span turns out to be large, supports made of timber (150-150 mm) were placed on which the purlin was laid, which will support the rafter legs.

The width of the roof is 12 meters. This is taking into account the offset of 1.2 meters from front side. Therefore, the Mauerlat bars and the purlin “stick out” beyond the walls exactly at this distance.

At first there were doubts about such a large offset - the rightmost beam hangs 2.2 meters. If this offset is reduced, it will be bad for the walls, and the appearance will deteriorate. Therefore, it was decided to leave everything as it is.

Laying rafters

Rafters are laid from two spliced ​​boards 200*50 mm, with a pitch of 580 mm. The boards are nailed together in a checkerboard pattern (top-bottom), with a pitch of 200-250 mm. Nail heads are now on the right, then on the left, in pairs: Two on top/bottom on the right, two on top/bottom on the left, etc.). We space the joints of the boards by less than 60 cm. The resulting beam is much more reliable than a similar solid beam.

Next, the pie of a pitched roof for this case is as follows (from the attic to the street): vapor barrier, 200 mm stone wool, ventilation gap (lathing, counter-lathing), moisture insulation, roofing material. In this case it is dark gray pural.

We will carry out insulation from the inside later, but for now we are laying a Tyvek Solid hydro-windproof membrane (vapor-permeable) on top of the rafters.

The membrane is laid from bottom to top and secured with staples. The fabric that is rolled out higher overlaps the one already laid by 15-20 cm. The joint is sealed with double-sided tape (bought together with the membrane). Then the planks are placed on top of the membrane, and on them is a sheathing for a standing seam roof.

First, the sheathing was made from 25*150 mm boards in increments of 150 mm. After installation, walking around the roof, it was decided to strengthen the sheathing. To do this, we fill 100 mm wide boards between the already laid boards. Now there is a gap of 25 mm between the boards.

Sheathing a pitched roof as a result

Next, hooks were placed on the lower gable. They are filled unevenly, since due to the large length of the pediment, it was decided to make two receiving funnels at a distance of 2.8 meters from the edge. To ensure drainage in two directions, such a relief was made.

Next, you need to bring in pieces of metal (pictures) 12 meters long. They are not heavy, but they cannot be bent, so the “sled” disappears. For lifting, a temporary “bridge” was built connecting the ground and the roof. The sheets were lifted along it.

Next comes roofing work, which differs depending on the type of roofing material. In this case, it was necessary to solve the problem of thermal expansion of the material - galvanized steel (pural) significantly changes its dimensions when heated/cooled. To ensure freedom of expansion, it was decided to fasten the material to the sheathing by the seam using movable clamps with a freedom of movement of 15-20 mm.

After laying the roofing material, what remains is the lining of the overhangs, and they are no different.

The roof needs to be brought to perfection - the overhangs need to be hemmed, but basically it is already ready

Well, the photo below shows what happened after finishing. Very modern, stylish and unusual.

House with a pitched roof - finishing is almost finished

Projects and photos of houses with a pitched roof

As already said, it’s hard to find interesting projects residential buildings with a pitched roof. So far, these buildings are unpopular with us. Perhaps just because of its originality. This section contains several projects or photos of already built houses. Maybe it will be useful to someone, at least as an idea.

Large windows are beautiful, but irrational in our climate

Multi-level house - an interesting completed project

This is a prototype of what is located above

Original house. Under one pitched roof there is a house and outbuildings, and part of it is a canopy over the yard between two buildings

It has the simplest design, since there are no additional elements - transitions, skates, etc. She represents inclined plane(slope) covering the building (or part of it) to protect from the effects of precipitation and compensate for wind loads.

Improper roof arrangement results in unnecessary loads on walls and foundations, leakage, failure rafter system and damage to the entire building.

Therefore, all its elements must be carefully calculated taking into account all existing factors.

Such as:

• Climatic conditions.
• The size of the building, the number of floors.
• Roofing material.
• The insulation used.
• roofs.

Such parameters have big influence on the tested load of the rafter system and walls, so all calculations are based on them.

In this article we will tell you what a calculator for calculating a pitched roof is, which will help you in calculating the structure of a truss.

The calculator produces calculation of the roof of a pitched roof.
Before starting the calculations, In the upper right corner of the calculator you need to select a roofing covering.

Designation of fields in the calculator

Specify roofing material:

Select a material from the list -- Slate (corrugated asbestos cement sheets): Medium profile (11 kg/m2) Slate (corrugated asbestos cement sheets): Reinforced profile (13 kg/m2) Corrugated cellulose-bitumen sheets (6 kg/m2) Bitumen (soft , flexible) tiles (15 kg/m2) Galvanized sheet metal (6.5 kg/m2) Sheet steel (8 kg/m2) Ceramic tiles (50 kg/m2) Cement-sand tiles (70 kg/m2) Metal tiles, corrugated sheets (5 kg/m2) Keramoplast (5.5 kg/m2) Seam roofing (6 kg/m2) Polymer-sand tiles (25 kg/m2) Ondulin (Euro slate) (4 kg/m2) Composite tiles (7 kg/m2) ) Natural slate (40 kg/m2) Specify the weight of 1 square meter of coating (? kg/m2)

kg/m2

Enter roof parameters:

Base width A (cm)

Base length D (cm)

Lifting height B (cm)

Length of side overhangs E (cm)

Front and rear overhang length C (cm)

Rafters:

Rafter pitch (cm)

Type of wood for rafters (cm)

Working area of ​​the side rafter (optional) (cm)

Lathing calculation:

Sheathing board width (cm)

Sheathing board thickness (cm)

Distance between sheathing boards
(cm)

Snow load calculation:

Select your region using the map below

1 (80/56 kg/m2) 2 (120/84 kg/m2) 3 (180/126 kg/m2) 4 (240/168 kg/m2) 5 (320/224 kg/m2) 6 ​​(400/280 kg/m2) 7 (480/336 kg/m2) 8 (560/392 kg/m2)

Wind load calculation:

Ia I II III IV V VI VII

Height to the ridge of the building

5 m from 5 m to 10 m from 10 m

Terrain type

Open area Closed area Urban areas

Calculation results

Roof angle: 0 degrees.

The angle of inclination is suitable for this material.

It is advisable to increase the angle of inclination for this material!

It is advisable to reduce the angle of inclination for this material!

Roof surface area: 0 m2.

Approximate weight of roofing material: 0 kg.

Number of rolls of insulating material with 10% overlap (1x15 m): 0 rolls.

Rafters:

Load on the rafter system: 0 kg/m2.

Rafter length: 0 cm

Number of rafters: 0 pcs.

Lathing:

Number of rows of sheathing: 0 rows.

Uniform distance between sheathing boards: 0 cm

Number of sheathing boards with a standard length of 6 meters: 0 pcs.

Volume of sheathing boards: 0 m3.

Approximate weight of sheathing boards: 0 kg.

Description of calculator fields

Snow load region

Impact on rafters and roofing

Calculation of loads on rafters and roofing consists of two terms:

. This is the own weight of the rafters and roofing, and all roof elements.. Long-term or short-term forces of different directions caused by the weight of snow in winter, the influence of wind, etc. are taken into account.

The constant load is determined by summing the weight of all elements present on the roof, and the payload is also taken into account - the weight of expansion tanks, attic cladding, windows or other objects that load the roof and under-roof space.

If for constant loads the calculation does not look complicated, then it will be more difficult to take into account natural factors. Data will be required on the prevailing wind directions and strength, cases of hurricane squalls, the amount of snow in winter time, its quality indicators are that dry snow is much lighter than wet snow.

CAREFULLY!

In order for the calculation to be correct, it is necessary to take into account limit states, since they are the most dangerous and destructive.

Snow load calculation produced according to the formula:

S = Sg * µ

Where Sg- the weight of snow per 1 square meter of plane that falls in a given area.

µ — correction factor, taking into account the angle of inclination of the roof (for flat roofs up to 25° it is equal to 1, for steeper angles it is 0.7).

When the roof slope is 60° or higher, the weight of the snow is not taken into account.

is calculated like this:

W = Wo * k

Wo- a standard indicator of wind strength for a given area.

k— correction factor taking into account the type of terrain and height above the ground.

Both formulas show the load per 1 sq.m., to obtain the full value, the result must be multiplied by the roof area.

It should also be understood that these calculations do not always take into account maximum loads or special cases - for example, accumulations of snow or isolated strong gusts of wind that are not typical for a given area, but sometimes occur. For that, to have a guarantee of strength, it is necessary to accept the load with a margin of 15% - 20% of the calculated one.

Rafter system

Quantity of roof covering for a pitched roof

The roofing calculation is based on individual characteristics of the material. A simple calculation of the roof area in this case will be very approximate, since the size of the longitudinal and transverse overlap and the size of the sheet will not be taken into account.

That is, the area of ​​the sheet of roofing material is not fully used, When calculating, only the useful part is taken into account. Each type of material has its own, determined by the size of the wave or the pitch of the ribs.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the size of the canopies or overhangs, which also consume roofing material. If not full confidence As an independent calculation, it is recommended to use our pitched roof calculator.

Roofing kit for metal tiles

Quantity of sheathing for a pitched roof

The amount of sheathing directly depends on what roofing coating will be used in this case. The sheathing strips should be spaced in increments corresponding to the dimensions of the sheet of material.

This consistency is very important without him correct installation roofing material will be complicated or completely impossible. Therefore, to calculate the amount of sheathing, you first need to determine its pitch. You can refer to SNiP, which contains detailed and accurate information about the rules for installing all roofing elements.

For continuous lathing is often used, when the distance between the slats is 2-2.5 cm. In this case, the calculation of the sheathing comes down to dividing the length of the roof by the width of the slats plus 2 cm for the gap.

More rigid types of material do not require continuous lathing and the calculation is made based on the distance between the slats used for this type of roof.

More simple solution There will be the use of online calculators that carry out specialized calculations according to the specified. The obtained data should be clarified by recalculation using another online calculator.

Number of sheathing

Calculation of material for rafters of a pitched roof

- basic load-bearing element for roofing and under-roofing elements. Insufficiently careful calculations or incompletely taken into account loads can cause sagging or deflection of the rafters, which will lead to leaks and damage to the entire building.

To make the calculation, you must first decide on the choice of material. In this case should follow the traditional approach and use edged pine board 50 by 150 mm. This choice is time-tested; pine absorbs little atmospheric moisture, it is light and quite durable.

ATTENTION!

At the same time, it is important to dry the boards before installation work so that when they dry out, they do not become deformed and do not violate the geometry of the system.

In addition, you need to take into account:

• The purpose of the building, in particular the attic space.
• Roof dimensions, length and slope angle.
• Roofing material.
• The amount of snow and the strength of the wind.

Taking these factors into account will help determine the optimal distance between the rafters, and also calculate the amount of lumber. If the length of the slope is more than 6.5 m, then the installation of additional racks will be required.

The standard rafter pitch usually ranges from 60-70 cm, which allows for a simplified calculation of the system. That being said, it is recommended that you turn to online calculators to check your results.

A pitched roof has the simplest structure, but the space underneath is more difficult to use for residential purposes. Most often, this option is used for outbuildings or auxiliary buildings, when the attic is not considered as a living space.

In such cases, the weight and load from the roof on the walls is reduced due to the absence of an insulating layer, which simplifies construction and reduces the cost of materials.

Material calculation

In contact with

The rafter system of a pitched roof refers to simple designs. It attracts with its reliability and economical consumption of material. The construction of a pitched roof is permissible on your own and can be completed in a short time.

It is popular for garages, outbuildings and sheds. Residential buildings are less often covered with a roof with one slope, but such options are found when implementing original architectural ideas for constructing a building. Despite the simplicity of the design, the work on creating a roof is a very important stage and requires adherence to technology.

The layout of the rafter system for a small building is quite simple: inclined rafters laid on the mauerlat cover the distance between the end walls. The span of the building in this case is no more than 4.5 m. The angle of inclination of the slope is determined by the difference in the height of the opposite walls. This can be achieved in two ways:

install special supports on one of the walls under the upper edges of the rafters;
when conducting masonry load-bearing structures perform one higher than the other.
When the slope is oriented, the low part of the roof is directed towards constant winds, this will ensure the resistance of the frame to high loads.

The function of the rafter frame is to redistribute constant and emerging loads on the roof between load-bearing walls. Its constituent elements are:

• Mauerlat - a beam at the base of a structure connecting it to the walls of the structure;
  rafters - a board or beam that forms the basis of the frame;
• struts, racks, supports - elements that strengthen the structure with a span of 6 to 9 m;
• sheathing - slats, packed at a distance determined by technology, are the basis for the roofing and strengthen the rafter system.

A single-slope structure is characterized by less windage than systems with a large number of slopes, but when designing it, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the snow cover. This is especially true for roofs with a small slope of 8-10 degrees. When creating drawings, the location and size of all elements of the rafter system, as well as installation diagrams for frame components, are noted.

The distance between the rafters of a pitched roof is recommended within 60-80 cm, this ensures sufficient strength for any coating used. The presence of overhangs 25-40 cm long on each side of the building guarantees the drainage of rainwater from its walls, eliminating their erosion.

Advantages of a pitched roof

1. The consumption of lumber is significantly reduced compared to more complex structures.
2. Construction costs are reduced.
3. Large selection of roofing materials in quality finishing coating.
4. You can install the rafter system yourself in a short time.

How is the angle of inclination determined?

The slope of the slope is one of the main parameters of the roof. The intensity of the load on the rafters directly depends on this indicator. Main selection criteria:

1. Amount of precipitation in the region.
2. Type of roofing.

A large angle contributes to the unhindered melting of snow, but leads to additional consumption of material. A slight slope reduces the impact of wind, but requires frequent clearing of snow from the roof. The optimal angle is also related to the type of roofing; for each material there is a recommended parameter in degrees:

• metal tiles - 25;
• slate, ondulin - 20;
• roofing felt and other rolled materials - from 5 to 10;
• corrugated sheeting - 20;
• natural tiles - 35.

Preparation of lumber before installation

The service life and reliability of the roof depend on the quality of the lumber used in the construction of the frame. It is recommended to use dry softwood timber. The wood should not have knots or damage. Before installation, it undergoes mandatory treatment with an antiseptic and fire retardant; these compounds protect against rotting and fire. The size of the beam depends on several factors:

• span length;
• the amount of load on the roof (snow, wind, etc.);
• slope angle.

The section of boards for rafters is 50×150 mm, 60×180 mm, timber for mauerlat 150×150 mm, for lathing 50×50 mm.

Stages of installation of the rafter system

The construction of the frame begins with laying the Mauerlat. Before installation on the walls, the timber is wrapped in roofing felt for waterproofing. The base is attached to the studs laid during laying or using anchor bolts.

The rafters are installed on a fixed Mauerlat. For strong fixation, it is necessary to make cuts on the boards. To ensure that all inserts are the same size, they are made according to a template. The upper part is sawn with a bevel, allowing the rafters to bend. The lower notch serves as a strong support for the Mauerlat.

The roof rafters are fastened using nails and corners screwed with self-tapping screws. You can simplify the installation of the frame by installing the outer rafters and stretching a rope between them to define the plane.

If the length of the purlin is more than 4.5 m, the brace is installed at an angle of 45 degrees, one of its edges rests on the rafter, and the other on the mauerlat.

The end of the installation will be filling the sheathing. Its bars are located perpendicular to the frame, the fastening step depends on the finishing coating. A continuous sheathing is made under the rolled material. Moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards are used for covering.
After installing the rafter system, a waterproofing sheet is laid and the roof is insulated. The final stage of work is installation of the roof covering.

Every year, construction presents developers with not only new materials, but also methods for constructing residential buildings. Of course, such innovations occur much less frequently than the discovery of a new product, but they still occur. For example, not so long ago a fashion came to the CIS countries - a rafter system in the form of a pitched roof. This innovation immediately caused a storm of emotions and indignation among developers. The fact is that for quite a long period two slopes were considered the standard roof, but here there is only one. Let's look at such a system in more detail.

Introduction

Some people think that a pitched roof, by design, can only have a gentle slope, but this is not so. The slope of such roofs can reach 65 degrees. Large values ​​can be explained by the presence of attic space in the building.

This type of roofing is performed both with and without a ventilation system. Her absence is most suitable open terraces. It is in this case that there is no need to create a steep slope, and often this roof slopes only 5-7% in order to have natural precipitation. A positive feature of flat roofs is that, thanks to their design, they allow you to mark out some buildings or adapt the roof area to your needs, for example, you can arrange a swimming pool or lawn. It is worth noting that if you do not plan to burden your roof with additional elements, then it will be enough to create a ventilated type with a slope of 5 to 20 degrees.

In private construction, pitched roofs, as a rule, are used only on outbuildings and very rarely on residential buildings, but over time, more and more developers are choosing the second option, because it is quite profitable. But, like everything, there are downsides, and as for this roof, you may have problems with it in the winter. The fact is that a small roof slope will collect quite a large number of snow, therefore, it needs to be cleared off periodically, and if you don’t do this yourself and hire a team of cleaners, you can end up costing a pretty penny.

The rafter system of these roofs is similar to a gable roof, but is only part of it.

Shed roof rafters

If you are an experienced roofer, then you probably know what hanging and layered rafter legs are, but for people who are far from construction, I will try to explain it in the most understandable language.

The use of different types of rafters depends on various nuances, for example, the slope of the slope, the width of the building, the span distance or the external shape of the structure. Only by making calculations that take into account all these parameters can you understand the type of future roof.

It is worth noting that the use of hanging rafters was most often seen in buildings whose width is 4-5 meters, and when large values it is necessary to use additional struts resting on special protrusions. Such elements can be used up to seven meters, but if this is not enough, then vertical stops, called headstocks, and struts that fix these vertical elements are added to this system.

Now let's figure out what such systems actually look like.

Hanging rafter system

Experienced assemblers of roofing systems will unanimously answer you that there is no system more complex than the use of hanging elements in it.

In order to create the necessary roof on your own, you will need not only a clear drawing, but also a complete understanding of your own actions. If you pay attention to the mistakes of many developers, then I advise you to choose the highest quality Mauerlat for a pitched roof. After all, it is on it that the entire weight of the roofing system will converge. This beam is laid along the main walls and is rigidly attached to it using embedded parts or other methods. By the way, for a pitched roof you would only need two Mauerlats.

The construction of a pitched roof is very simple and the support beams need to be placed only on the lower and upper walls. In fact, the top element will not be a mauerlat; rather, it performs the functions of a ridge beam, but despite this, it should be laid according to all the rules of a mauerlat. It is worth noting that in places where the wood adjoins the wall, it is necessary to lay several layers of roofing felt as a waterproofing material. This is done so that moisture impregnating the outer walls cannot damage the structure of the wood. After all the processes, the rafter legs are laid on top of the support beam and fastened to it.

This structure will be an independent supporting system with a given slope.

By the way, I promised that I would use clear language, so let's be clear on the following definitions:

• Grandma– a vertical part that performs the function of a stand. The ends of this element are located between the rafter legs and the purlin. This beam, in turn, is located on the interfloor ceiling of the building
• Strut- a wooden beam located at a certain angle. Its main task is to fix the previous element - the headstock, therefore, it is located there. The brace can be used without holding the vertical elements, but in this case it will support the rafters and rest on specially created projections
• Run. It looks like a reliable and massive wooden beam. Multiple struts and various types of racks rest on this element

Rafter system made of layered rafters

Now that we have understood a little about hanging rafters, we can move on to the next type - layered rafters. Basic distinctive feature of this system is that they rest on the main walls rather than on projections. Collected together, additional elements in the form of struts and racks, resting on the main walls, allow you to move the walls of your house a considerable distance, but if you do not need to build a huge house, then you can be content with a simple system and thereby save on material.

Rough calculations allow developers to take into account all the nuances, so when constructing a building yourself, do them as well.

Let's look at the range of distances and see how the configuration of the rafter system will change.

• From 7 to 12 meters. This width is the most common option for constructing pitched roofs. In this design there will be only one auxiliary rack (which will be equal to the width of your building), resting against the load-bearing wall. Installation of such a rack is possible only if the structure of the house has a main wall, which will bear the entire mass of this element.
• The case when the width of the house is in the range from 12 to 14 meters. This length is quite a common occurrence, because when residents do not want to huddle in a very small space, they expand it somewhat. According to statistics, a standard house is considered to be a square of 10x10 meters, but these parameters can be changed at will.

This width allows the use of the following type of rafter system. Vertical support they are built in such a way that on one side it finds support in a reliable wall, and on the other in the rafter legs. By the way, such roofs, in addition to their design, must include auxiliary struts in order to support the rafters resting on the wall inside the building

• Distance 14-16 meters. It’s a rare occurrence to come across such wide rafter systems, but they still happen. As a rule, these structures are not housing, but rather outbuildings, because with such dimensions of the system, it is difficult to talk about safety or any savings. Wide spans will make it possible to erect a pitched roof on them only if the building has two stable walls. It is on them that the vertical posts and multiple struts will rest. But outbuildings with interior walls are a rather rare sight.

Remember that the roof covering is profiled metal sheets only possible on roofs with a slope of more than 20 degrees.

Metal analogue - metal tiles must be laid on steeper slopes in order to reduce the load on wooden elements rafter system.

When laying metal roofs, do not forget about high-quality waterproofing and vapor barrier of the roofing pie, because this type the coating, although protected by special polymers, will quickly begin to corrode when exposed to excess moisture and you will need to replace damaged sheets with new material.

Installation of a pitched roof rafter system

The scheme according to which the truss system of a pitched roof is erected has two types.

1. The installation of rafter legs on support beams laid on load-bearing walls, which in turn are located in different planes. This option is recognized as the most expedient in terms of financial efficiency, because it is with this structure that it is possible to save quite a large number of wooden elements. But you should understand that you won’t be able to save much. The point is that in order to ensure a certain roof slope, it is necessary to set an angle, and this can only be done by erecting a large wall
2. Installation of a standard triangular system. It contains the usual rafter legs, beams and posts. Thanks to this design, there is no need to increase the length of the walls, but this consumes much more lumber. Therefore, if you have access to it, then you can safely choose this type, but if the situation is the opposite, then think about the first one. By the way, if you have a crane, such a rafter system can be assembled directly on the ground, and then, using mechanisms, delivered to where it is needed. This trick will significantly save you not only time, but will also be as convenient as possible for installers

IMPORTANT: Choosing one of the above methods for constructing a rafter system will not in any way affect the service life of the roof and will not in any way affect the quality of the structure. Design features are the individual preference of the developer.

The number of auxiliary supports or struts will largely depend on the following parameters:

• Roof slope
• Weight of rafter leg
• Rafter lengths
• Roofing
• Characteristics of thermal insulation boards
• The gap between the wall and the roof junction

As a rule, installing rafters for a pitched roof is a very simple job; the main thing is to choose the appropriate material and if you don’t know how to do it, contact a specialist or consult a store salesperson. By the way, fastening the rafters of a pitched roof should be done using large nails or metal staples, but in addition to them, special grooves are cut out on the wooden elements in order to create a strong stop.

Remember that the Mauerlat in the rafter system of a pitched roof is the basis. That is why choose it wisely and wisely.

The shed roof design is most likely the simplest design in the construction industry. Thanks to it, you can build inexpensive housing or cover a temporary structure, such as a barn or woodshed.

Due to their design, as a rule, shed roofs are not created with a very large slope, which makes it possible to lay bitumen coatings on them. Ruberoid will be excellent choice on an outbuilding.

It is worth noting that a pitched roof will look rather meager and primitive if you do not apply architectural tricks to it, for example, covering the building and the garage at once. Of course, such a design will take more money out of you, but you will be very satisfied. If you do not need to set up complex systems, then you can stay with a simple form.

The rafter system of a pitched roof has a number of advantages that make it a good choice for installation on auxiliary buildings, garages, and extensions to the main building.

Advantages of a pitched roof

The installation of a pitched roof on buildings of various types is beneficial due to a number of factors:

• low weight of the structure;
• low construction cost;
• simple installation technology;
• possibility of using a wide range of structural and roofing materials;
• ease of installation of the drainage system and chimney.

The roof design with one slope can be used when building a house to implement original design ideas. In addition, this is a favorite option for the roof frame of outbuildings, garages, bathhouses, sheds and verandas.

When building a detached brick garage, the base for installing roofing material can be concrete plates or metal structure. But no less often a rafter system is built from wooden elements. Calculation of rafters for small buildings can be done independently; in difficult cases, it is recommended to contact professionals.

Rafters: design calculations and material preparation

The construction scheme for a pitched roof is extremely simple: the rafters span the span between the end walls of the building. The angle of inclination of the slope is determined by the difference in height of the walls. To achieve this difference in height, two methods can be used:

• masonry of one of the opposite load-bearing walls is carried out to a greater height;
• Special supports are mounted on one of the walls, on which a purlin is laid to support the upper ends of the rafters.

The first option is most suitable when constructing a structure from piece materials. The second method allows you to save building materials from which walls are built.

A roof structure with one slope should have a slope of no more than 50-60°. The optimal value is considered to be an angle of 18-35°, but specific parameters should be selected taking into account various factors. The rafter system must withstand its own weight and high external loads - wind and snow. The intensity of the loads directly depends on the angle of the slopes. In addition, you should pay attention to the values ​​at which installation of the selected roofing material is possible.

The pitch of the rafters also affects the reliability of the roof. The smaller the pitch, the higher the calculated load that the roof can withstand. But if the installation step of the rafter legs is unreasonably small, this leads to an increase in the weight of the structure, and, accordingly, the load on the walls and foundation of the building. Too large a rafter pitch will not allow you to create a roof that is resistant to external influences.

The design calculation can be done manually, but it is more convenient to do this using a special program. The developed project should reflect not only the pitch, dimensions and sections of the elements, but also the execution diagrams of the roof frame components.

The rafters of a pitched roof for small spans are made of boards or beams. If the span exceeds 4.5 meters, extended rafter legs may be necessary.

Timber and boards for the manufacture of a rafter system for a garage or other building must be well dried and free of damage that affects the strength characteristics. Before installation, prepared wooden elements must be treated with a fire-retardant compound to protect the frame from accidental fire and extend its service life.

Installation diagram of garage roof rafters

The truss system of a garage roof during the construction of a lean-to structure may vary depending on the characteristics of the building. On a small structure, it is enough to simply lay the rafters, resting them on the top of the opposite walls, made of bricks or blocks. If the construction of a garage with an attic is planned, then in this case it is necessary to lay beams across the span (step - 1-1.5 m), which will serve as the basis for the floor. The rafters, as in the first case, are attached to opposite walls, but are additionally reinforced with struts - this allows for the necessary rigidity of the garage roof frame.

If the box of the structure is constructed of brick, the ends of the beams and rafters of the garage shed roof can be laid in special nests provided in the walls. In this case, the beams are attached to the long walls, and the rafters are attached to the end walls. The tall wall should be the wall with the garage door. Waterproofing made of rolled bitumen-containing material is pre-installed into the nests.

Wooden rafters for a pitched roof can be mounted directly on the walls of the structure if a small span is being covered and the pitch of the rafters is sufficient to accept and distribute the load fairly evenly. In other cases, the rafter legs are attached to the mauerlat.

The requirements for the Mauerlat are quite simple: it must be strong, durable, firmly attached to a wall built from piece building materials. Theoretically, the rafters should be fastened to a mauerlat mounted on a reinforced wall belt. But since the garage is a building with light loads, the support beam under the rafters can be laid directly on the upper edge of the wall and secured with anchors and rolled wire embedded in the masonry. Mauerlat requires reliable waterproofing made from rolled materials.

The reinforced belt of the wall under a pitched roof is made of reinforced concrete. To equip it, you need to make plank formwork, secure reinforcement in it and install studs. The height of the embedded fasteners should allow them to be laid on top in the future. monolithic beam Mauerlat timber with pre-drilled holes for studs and fasten with nuts equipped with wide washers.

If a garage or other building is built from timber or logs, the function of the mauerlat is performed by the top frame of the log house. The installation pitch of rafter legs on a pitched roof is most often 60-70cm - this parameter makes it possible to use almost any piece or roll material for the roof, provided that the appropriate type of sheathing is installed.

In order for the rafter system to allow the installation of a roof that can protect building structures from the effects of precipitation, the rafter legs must protrude 30-40 cm beyond the edge of the wall, forming an overhang.

Installation of the extension roof

A residential or commercial extension is a building adjacent to the main building. Most often, a pitched roof is erected over it, adjacent to the wall of the main building or its roof. Fastening the rafters of a lean-to roof of an extension differs to some extent from installation roof frame on a separate building. The main difference concerns the installation of the upper part of the rafters - the lower ends of the rafter legs are attached to the Mauerlat or a special support using standard methods.

Before erecting a shed roof for an extension, it is important to determine the required slope angle. In accordance with the obtained value of the required difference between the front wall of the extension and the rear, a wooden structure made of timber with a cross-section of at least 150×150 mm is mounted. Particular attention must be paid to the connection of the frame for the rafters with the wall of the main building.

It is not recommended to use rigid fastening, since adjacent buildings may have different shrinkage rates, which over time will lead to the formation of cracks in the walls. The construction of such a ligament usually involves the use of an elastic layer between the support beam for the rafters and the wall. The beam can be laid on columnar supports or a timber frame. A gap of 2-3 cm between the beam and the wall ( expansion joint) should be filled with polyurethane foam or other elastic material with low thermal conductivity. It is allowed to attach the beam to the wall using anchors.

If it is required that the roof of the extension adjoins not the wall, but the roof of the main building, it is advisable to think in advance about what technology will be used to install the rafter system. To ensure maximum reliability of the shed roof of a new building, it is recommended to completely dismantle the adjacent roof slope of the main building in order to install new rafters from the ridge of the main roof to the extension's mauerlat. It is necessary to provide for the extension of the rafters beyond the plane of the extension wall for the installation of a cornice. Another option involves connecting the rafters of the extension to the rafters of the main roof at a certain distance from its ridge. In this case, the roof joining device requires the dismantling of only part of the main roof slope.

When choosing the angle of inclination of the roof of the extension, you should pay attention to the following points:

• the greater the angle of inclination of the rafters, the less the danger of accumulation of rainwater or snow mass that has “moved” from the main roof;
• the rafters of an extension located on the south side may have a smaller slope than a similar structure on the north side, because The sun promotes intense evaporation of moisture.

Wooden rafters for a pitched roof are sensitive to moisture. The junction of the rafter legs to the wall or main roof should be carefully sealed - for this purpose, a roofing apron is installed.

Rafter system of a pitched roof: how to install, fastening, device

Construction and fastening of a rafter system for a pitched roof. Design, installation and selection of rafter spacing for a pitched roof of a house, garage or extension.

Fastening the rafters of a pitched roof: a thorough analysis of the components used

The tempting simplicity of a roof with a single slope inspires thoughts of the opportunity to prove oneself in the field of a successful builder. The construction of a simple structure consists of simply laying rafter legs on the supporting walls. No complex knots, tricky or numerous connections. However, even in the simplest carpentry there are tricks that require thorough study. The future contractor needs to have a firm grasp of how the footings of a pitched roof are fastened in order to prevent deformation and damage to the elements of the frame system.

Traditional “wooden” troubles

The design of the rafter frame of a pitched roof is extremely simple. It is a series of parallel laid boards or beams, resting their edges on two walls of different heights. To install and attach the rafter legs to the building structure, a transition element made of wood is used.

Depending on the type of box being installed and the wall material, the function of the transition element is performed by:

• Mauerlat. In a shed roof scheme, these are two separately laid wooden beams that complete concrete or brick walls.
• The upper frame of the frame structure. A belt made of double stitched boards or timber installed on top of the frame posts.
• The upper crown of the foot, made of timber or logs.

The rafter legs and the elements in contact with them are made of wood, which has the property of changing its own dimensions following fluctuations in the background humidity and temperature changes. In spring and autumn, especially during the rainy season, the length of the rafter legs will be slightly longer than in dry summers and frosty winters.

Imagine what will happen if the rafters, rigidly fixed at the top and bottom, increase in size. Gaps will appear in the waterproofing, fasteners will become loose, slate sheets will move, and metal tiles will shift. In addition, deflection and heaving of the roof frame will certainly affect its wear resistance.

However, changes linear dimensions rafters are not at all the main problem with wooden rafter systems. An unpleasant surprise, if not taken into account, will be the settlement of the newly built box.

It is most pronounced on wooden walls, but it is also very characteristic of structures made of concrete and brick. Let us remember that pitched roofs rest on walls of different heights. Without calculations, you can understand that they will sag by different amounts. Those. there is a threat that, due to the difference in the subsidence of the walls, the new roof will not simply change the angle of the slope. There will be a possibility of disruption of nodes with extremely negative destructive consequences.

Despite the simplicity of pitched roofs and the close-to-horizontal direction of laying the rafters, the listed risks should not be forgotten. The nodes used to fasten the rafter legs of a pitched roof must take into account the “whims” of the wood.

The work of the developer of his own pitched roof project is to find the right solution to three important problems, according to which:

• It must be possible to move the wooden parts relative to each other.
• Everything should be excluded probable reasons connection failures.
• It is necessary to provide the rafters with the opportunity to adapt to the consequences of wall subsidence so that they can take a stable position.

The rafter legs of shed roofs erected over walls of equal height are classified as layered. The hanging type is used if the box being equipped has walls of equal height, and the slope is formed by rafter triangles.

Everything is clear about fastening the triangles: with the horizontal side they are installed on the harness or Mauerlat, they have a maximum joining area with the supporting elements, and are fixed in the usual way.

With layered rafter legs, everything is much more complicated. They are installed at an angle to the supporting elements. Without processing and preparation for installation, the rafters have only two unreliable points of contact with the strapping or Mauerlat.

No matter how powerful the fastener is, two points are not enough to firmly seat the part. Even with a slight impact, such a slope will simply slide down along with the continuous sheathing and multi-layer roofing cake. However, there are methods invented by ancient builders to avoid such troubles.

In order to prevent unwanted movements, the contact area between the rafter and the supporting element is increased, for this purpose the following is done:

• Selection of cuts. These are cuts in the shape of a triangle or a triangle with a tooth. They are cut exclusively on the rafters, so as not to weaken the supporting mauerlat.
• The top or bottom edge of the rafter leg is filed down, thereby creating a support platform that increases stability. Performed strictly vertically or horizontally.

Depending on the type and location of sawing or trimming, notches and cuts may or may not limit the movement of the wooden part. The restrictions are considered relative, because there are no absolutely rigid fastenings in the construction of pitched roofs. Experts classify the units used by degrees of freedom: from one to four.

In the construction of roofs with one slope, the following most often appear:

• Fastening nodes with one degree of freedom are practically stationary connections that allow the rafter to rotate slightly around the fastening point.
• Fastening units with two degrees of freedom are connections that provide the ability to rotate around the fastener and cause slight horizontal displacement.
• Fastening units with three degrees of freedom are connections that allow rotation and displacement horizontally and vertically.

The presence of degrees of freedom does not mean that the rafter will be able to rotate and move freely in the area of ​​the node. They are fastened quite rigidly, because they have to hold the lathing, corrugated sheets or other type of covering, or snow cover.

The connection will show own capabilities only if the load is exceeded. Then the rafter legs will just move and take a new position, and the system will remain without damage.

Any diagram of a pitched roof clearly shows us the presence of at least two connecting nodes. Let's divide them conditionally into upper and lower. In the construction of rafter roofs, the rule applies: if one of the nodes is rigidly fixed, then the second must have more possibilities for movement.

Projecting and simplifying the technological principle, we can say: if the fastenings in the upper nodes of a pitched roof are made rigidly, then the lower connections must be freer to ensure the possibility of displacement when the pressure is exceeded. And vice versa: if the lower mount is practically motionless, then the rafter at the top needs to be provided with some reserve for movement and rotation.

Details about the components of a pitched roof

After getting acquainted with the theoretical side of the issue of fastening the rafters of a pitched roof, you can begin practical research on the popular nodal schemes. Note that most projects of systems with a single slope are designed for the installation of rafters that form overhangs due to their own length. However, when covering large spans, it happens that the standard dimensions of lumber are not enough. In these cases, fillets are sewn to the rafters, creating an overhang. They are installed on the side of the installed leg and do not affect the principle of knot formation at all.

The second reason for using fillies in the formation of overhangs is that the rafters are too heavy, which is very difficult to lift and install. The third prerequisite lies in the features of the nodal fastenings: if the lower heel is installed on a slider with a trimmed edge.

No. 1: Support at the top and articulated bottom

A scheme with a rigidly fixed top and a relatively movable bottom is used in the construction of roofs over extensions, in the construction of objects with a steep roof and a significant difference between the heights of the supporting walls.

Simply put, where the top edge of the rafter rests on a wooden beam, there is no purlin or wall of the main building and no room for it to move. The lower node in such situations is calculated on a slider, allowing it to move slightly.

Algorithm for the classic version with the top resting on the purlin:

• We install the supports of the purlin frame. On the framing of the frame building on opposite sides we install supports sewn from three pieces of 25×100 boards. The middle segment should be 75mm shorter than the outer ones in order to form a kind of recess.
• We build a purlin frame. We place a 25×150 board of the required length into the recess.
• We apply a 25×100 board of arbitrary length to the end of the future roof, but approximately 30 cm longer than the diagonal drawn from the top of the purlin to the frame. We mark the vertical line of the upper cut, outlining the adjacent edge of the purlin. We mark the line of the bottom cut and the vertical for trimming the edge of the rafter.
• We cut out the rafter according to the marks, try it on after the fact, and, if necessary, adjust the cuts.
• According to the template we made, we cut out and install the rafter legs.

We select the type of fastener based on the expected load. It is more convenient to fix the top with corners, the bottom with corners, screwing no more than three screws into them, or with sliding supports. If necessary, the lower knot can be stabilized by sewing a support block to the rafter leg from below.

The connection point with the purlin can be designed slightly differently: the rafter is laid on the beam using a notch. Here the groove is selected strictly according to the size of the material. But if it is necessary to increase the degree of freedom, the horizontal wall of the notch is beveled at a slight angle, and the lower unit is equipped with a sewing strip.

No. 2: Top and bottom are articulated and fixed

The scheme is applicable when arranging boxes whose walls have already undergone intensive shrinkage. Suitable for isolated objects. The upper knot is made in the form of a triangular notch, the lower one is in the form of a cut with a tooth resting on the Mauerlat.

The process of constructing a lean-to rafter system:

• We install the blank board edgewise on the mauerlat bars anywhere on the roof.
• We lay a well-trimmed piece of board flat on the lower Mauerlat. We place it so that the outer edge coincides with the inner edge of the Mauerlat. Having outlined the scrap, we get an outline of the lower attachment point.
• We transfer the trim to the area of ​​the upper notch and outline it, because the lower heel of the rafter will decrease exactly by this amount.
• The blank with the nodes drawn and then sawn will serve as a template. Using it, we produce the number of legs specified by the project.
• We install the rafters. We fix them at the bottom with staples or pins, and at the top with corners.

If you need to increase the degree of freedom, by analogy with the previous method, the vertical edge of the upper notch will need to be slightly beveled. The cutting angle will then be not 90º, but 95 - 97º. Experienced carpenters make simple cuts directly on site, turning the workpiece upside down. Beginning performers should not imitate in the first stages.

The rafter template is used in roof construction only when there is no doubt about the geometric characteristics of the frame. In opposite situations, the rafters are tried on and made individually. First, the outermost elements of the system are installed, then the row legs along the cord stretched between them.

One of the variations on the theme of two hinged-fixed units involves the installation of a vertical cut at the top and a notch with a tooth at the bottom. Work on their installation is carried out as follows:

• We install the blank board on the mauerlat so that its lower corner is directly above the outer edge of the beam.
• At the top, using a piece of board, mark a vertical line (x) and measure its length.
• We transfer the length of the upper cut to the area of ​​the lower node. We set aside the length of the cut (x) vertically from the inner upper edge of the mauerlat.
• From the resulting point we draw a horizontal line. The result is a notch with a tooth.
• We cut out the nodes according to the marks, install them in place, fasten them with corners, duplicate the lower nodes with staples.

As the size (x) increases, the roof slope will increase, and as it decreases, it will decrease.

No. 3: Free top and hinged-fixed bottom

An ideal scheme for constructing a pitched roof with rafters, the edges of which extend beyond the walls. After some adjustments it can be used in the arrangement of extensions.

• We install the workpiece edgewise on the upper and lower mauerlat beams with the edges moving beyond the walls. Here you need an assistant to hold the board up.
• We apply a template - a trimmed piece of board sequentially to the lower and upper mauerlat so that the outer edge of the template coincides with the outer edge of the beams. We mark the lines of the upcoming cuts.
• We select cuts according to the outlined lines. We slightly bevel the vertical wall of the upper notch.
• We install the rafter, fix it at the top with nails or corners, and at the bottom with staples.
• We manufacture and install the remaining rafters in the same way.

It is clear that mobility and its antagonist are relative concepts. However, one cannot treat them with lukewarmness. It is necessary to take into account the degree of freedom of the node both during the design period and when choosing fasteners. Lack of structural mobility will lead to deformation, excess will contribute to instability.

No. 4: Mobility of both attachment points

A scheme with two moving units can be used if both fastening connections have no more than two degrees of freedom. Those. horizontal mixing is prevented by restrictive devices installed at the top and bottom.

Let's consider an example in which the rafters of the extension are laid at the top into niches cut out in the wall. This means that horizontal displacement is excluded, rotation and some vertical movement are possible. The bottom is planted using notches, but is limited in the horizontal direction by metal corners.

Step-by-step actions of the builder of a single-slope building:

• We are preparing the object for work. On brick wall In the extension we install a mauerlat made of 100×150 timber. We lay it on the wide side closer to the inner edge of the wall. We fasten with anchors every 80cm. In the main wall of the building at the designed height, we cut out grooves for the upper heels of the rafters. The depth of the cuts is 12 cm, the step between them is 70 cm. If you don't want to bother with hollowing out, you can use metal brackets, screwed to the wall.
• Making a template for the rafter leg. Place the blank board with its upper edge in the groove and the lower edge on the mauerlat. Having retreated 10 cm from the lower corners of the workpiece in the horizontal direction, we draw two triangular notches.
• According to the indications of the template, we make rafters. We install them, fixing the position with metal corners.

The device method is valid when covering spans up to 4.5 m. If you need to cover a larger span, the rafters will need a support group consisting of struts.

No. 5: Rigid attachment to an inclined harness

The method is used in frame construction, because the supporting element can only be laid at an angle on racks sawn at an angle. Either the racks of the frame itself or the cantilever-girder structure installed on the box are sawed down at an angle. In principle, the latter option is quite suitable for constructing a pitched roof over concrete and brick walls.

Stages of installing a pitched roof using an inclined frame:

• We assemble a structure that creates a roof slope. On the gable side of the frame building we install short posts with the top edge sawn at an angle.
• We lay the boards on the sloping top of the posts in one row for small outbuildings, in two for more serious houses.
• We equip the end sides of the roof with frames in the shape of a right triangle, the hypotenuse of which should follow the line of the slope.
• We apply the rafter to the end of the roof to mark the line of the bottom gash.
• Using the template, we make the required number of rafter legs. We install them on the harness, fixing the position of the elements with metal corners.

Without a shadow of a doubt, we classify the last method as the simplest category. Of all the methods of attaching rafters to the frame and beams of the Mauerlat of a pitched roof, this is the most conducive to attempts at independent implementation.

Final fastening work

After installing the entire row of rafter legs, we check the design position of the elements and the distances between them. We apply an arbitrary board flat to the frame of the ramp, identify shortcomings and correct the flaws. Then we fasten the rafters with staples or ties to the walls one at a time in regions with medium and low wind activity. We fix each leg in areas with high wind load.

The fillies, if they are planned for installation, are made of material with dimensions half smaller than the dimensions of the rafter legs. Sew them to the side of the rafter. The length of the sewn area is on average 60-80cm.

The presented methods and schemes for fastening the rafters of a pitched roof have been tested in practice. They are most often used in their “pure form”. However, some adjustments according to specific technical conditions are not excluded.

A pitched roof is simple, economical in terms of material consumption, and installation uses a minimum number of components. On our site we have a pitched roof near the garage and gazebo. Such a roof weighs little, the choice of material for covering is practically inexhaustible, it withstands wind and precipitation well, and does not flood nearby neighbors (but it is necessary good system gutters).

Yes, in terms of material single-pitch design more economical, also less labor intensive. I would also like to add that dismantling such a roof is also simple, in comparison, for example, with a gable roof. The only downside I can name is that if the roof is used on a garage or bathhouse or barn, then with the raised side it should face towards a higher building, for example, a house. And the building will be less exposed to winds, and even after rain, if a drainage system is not provided, water will not flow to the house.

Fastening the rafters of a pitched roof: step-by-step instructions from the experts

Properly executed fastening of the rafters of a pitched roof will ensure the stability of the structure, the reliability of the components guarantees a long service life without problems.

Shed roof rafters: details and installation details

A roof with a slope on one side has always been popular due to its obvious simplicity and minimal cost. The inclined rafters of a pitched roof, with both ends resting on load-bearing walls of different heights, inspire much less concern in terms of strength and stability than a complex system rafters of gable roofs.

The correct choice of roof location relative to the prevailing wind direction will help ensure its maximum service life. It is equally important to choose the correct slope value.

The roof structure with one slope is most readily used for:

At the same time, they always try to orient the slope of a pitched roof so that its low part is located towards the prevailing winds. This significantly reduces the impact of wind and other atmospheric phenomena on the entire structure. When installing a pitched roof with your own hands, never forget about this.

Many are confident that the construction of a truss system for a pitched roof is not at all difficult, and its assembly can be carried out by untrained people.

It is quite possible, but when performing work on the roof, everyone needs to follow safety rules - both professionals and amateur enthusiasts. This requires, at a minimum, strong ladders, mounting belts and strong ropes.

The scheme of a pitched roof is really not very complicated for a person with a minimum set of technical knowledge, but “trickery” is absolutely inappropriate here. Thoughtlessly executed pitched roofs of the garage, utility room and especially residential building can bring the owner a lot of trouble and disappointment.

Wooden trailer with pitched roof

The tearing of the roofing covering by a gust of wind, massive leaks or sagging of the roof from accumulated snow can ruin the mood of any person for a long time.

We hope everyone has already understood how serious this is - installing a pitched roof. However, if you follow a few rules and show creative thought, it is quite possible, as a result of your efforts, to end up with something quite acceptable in design and functionality.

The design of pitched roofs is divided into two types:

The non-ventilated version of the do-it-yourself pitched roof is mainly used in terrace extensions. For the practical use of the roof area (arrangement of flower beds, fountains, small pools), the slope value is chosen to be small - from 3 to 6%. However, such farming requires special care on the eve of the winter season.

Ventilated pitched roofs are usually installed with slopes ranging from 5 to 20%. Special holes are made under the eaves on both sides of the roof for ventilation. The presence of a ventilated space between the waterproofing and insulation extends the life of the building. In some cases, they choose the option of a combined roof, where the slope is set by the variable thickness of the thermal insulation layer.

The small angle of inclination of a pitched roof is beneficial in terms of material costs and practical use of its area, however, there is a high risk of accumulation of large masses of snow in winter. This means regular cleaning of the roof, its damage, subsequent leaks and the constant risk of falling from a height.

During construction country house Installing a pitched roof will allow you to significantly save money when purchasing building materials and paying for installation.

Rafters for a pitched roof

Rafter system of pitched roofs

The purpose of the rafter system is to redistribute the weight of the roof with all the loads acting on it, permanent and temporary (from snow, wind, precipitation) onto the main walls.

The rafter system of a pitched roof is its original skeleton, its supporting frame.

The calculation of a pitched roof during design must take into account all loads with an increasing factor. If in recent years there has been a tendency towards an increase in peak values ​​of one-time precipitation or storm winds, then it would be useful to take this into account in the calculation.

At the same time, it is fair to note that single-pitched roofs, due to their low windage, experience less wind load than their multi-pitched modifications.

If you are interested in a sloping pitched roof, then you need to know that it constructive solution will consist of:

• location of supporting walls;
• type of attic floor;
• the presence of internal walls;
• size and configuration of the building;
• the size of the overlapped span.

According to the method of support and method of fastening, rafters are divided into:

Sliding rafters rest on a ridge log with their tops, and are attached to the walls with special metal corners with a movable “sliding” plate. Sliding types of rafters are usually used in log houses, where the shrinkage of wood when the log house dries is very significant (up to 5% of the wood volume).

The shrinkage stresses are so high that they could easily break the rigid fastening of the elements. The danger is not so much the shrinkage itself as its unevenness. Therefore, the “sliding” plates fixed to the rafters have a power reserve in the eyes of the corners attached to the wall.

The support for the inclined rafters (rafter legs) are the external walls of the building. With their connected upper part they rest on a ridge beam supported by posts and struts. Internal walls serve as the basis for struts and racks.

The pitch between rafter systems is set in the range from 0.6 to 1.4 m.

The larger the size of the roof and its weight, the smaller the pitch of the rafters. The cross-section of the rafters is selected taking into account the weight of the roof covering and the snow load. Each drawing of a pitched roof must contain instructions on the size of the sections of all elements of the rafter system. After the installation of the inclined rafters is completed, the sheathing is attached to them ( see video below), which is the basis for the roofing.

If you carefully study the drawing of a pitched roof with inclined rafters, it becomes obvious that there is additional support for struts and racks on the inner wall. When the span is large enough, and intermediate supports If there are no rafters, then hanging rafters are used - the most difficult type of rafter to perform.

They are a triangular structure assembled in one plane, including two rafter legs connected at the top point and a horizontal bottom tie. It ties the lower ends of the rafter legs. It is thanks to the tightening that the rafters do not create thrust loads on the walls, transferring to them only vertically directed pressure from the weight of the roof.

Therefore, for a suspended rafter system, the installation of a Mauerlat is not necessary, which simplifies and reduces the cost of installation.

Even on the ground, the “triangles” of hanging rafters are connected in pairs, fastening the legs with sheathing bars, and the ties with attic floor boards. Then each volumetric truss assembled in this way is lifted up and installed in the design position on the load-bearing walls.

Parts of rafter structures are made, as a rule, from coniferous wood (pine, larch). For rafters it is usually used edged board 200x50 or 150x50 mm, and for lathing - a 50x50 mm block.

Shed roof schemes

What properties of pitched roofs make them attractive in the eyes of potential builders?

1. Firstly, the single-pitch design is the most a budget option of the possible types of roofs. The wood consumption for its installation is almost 3 times less than for a gable roof. This factor is of particular importance in the southern treeless regions of Russia, where timber is expensive and scarce.
2. Secondly, roofs with a slight slope experience lower wind loads due to low windage. The absence of an attic gives the room additional volume, which can be used with great efficiency. The possibility of using non-standard approaches and original design solutions has made projects of houses with a pitched roof in demand.

As for all kinds of buildings for household purposes, garages, warehouses, a pitched roof has been chosen for their construction for more than one century.

Photo: diagrams of rafters for pitched roofs

Each roofing material has a specified minimum roof slope:

• bitumen roll materials ≥ 5 degrees;
• metal tiles ≥ 25 degrees;
• bitumen shingles ≥ 20 degrees
• slate ≥ 20 degrees;
• corrugated board ≥ 20 degrees;
• natural or cement tiles ≥ 35 degrees;
• areas with high humidity and heavy snow cover ≥ 40 degrees.

Don't forget that the most effective shed roof is a ventilated design.

A ventilated under-roof space with regular air exchange extends the service life of the building and prevents the formation of condensation.

The roofing material is chosen according to your taste, focusing on the nature of the building.

If you are not sure that you can independently calculate the rafters of a pitched roof and correctly attach the rafters of a pitched roof to the supports, seek advice from professionals.

Remember that the attachment of the roof to the house must not only be strong, but also movable, “sliding”. A properly constructed roof will always protect you from bad weather.

DIY pitched roof

Given the low complexity of the design, people often undertake to construct a pitched roof on their own. You need to start by calculating the angle of inclination, the main parameter of the roof. A large slope provides good stock rainwater and quick removal of snow from the roof in the spring. However, the wind load on the roof structure also increases.

When choosing a small roof angle, the windage decreases, but the risk of snow accumulation and leaks increases. All this should be taken into account in the calculations. And it’s also important what you prefer: spending money, shoveling snow, or spending your free time patching the roof.

The choice of roofing covering is also important:

• For profiled sheets, the slope should be more than 20 degrees. Otherwise, the mass of snow may push through the coating.
• For metal tiles - at least 25 degrees to reduce the load on the sheathing and rafters. When the angle of inclination is calculated, you can calculate the difference in the height of the walls, which will provide this inclination.

The frequency of the rafters and the pitch of the sheathing depend on the material you choose and its weight. The rafter frame must be made only from sanded wood with air-dry humidity. In addition, all wooden parts must be impregnated with antiseptic agents and fire retardants.

All parts are treated with fireproof and bioprotective compounds in advance, before installation, and only then the rafters are assembled. Often, additional processing of joints and tie-ins on the roof is carried out at the place of work.

Having completed the complete assembly of the rafters and sheathing, proceed to the installation of the roof covering:

• Waterproofing layer. Ensures that the wood is kept dry and extends the service life of the rafters;
• Laying the roof covering begins from the eaves of the rafters, moving towards the ridge. Each subsequent row of material is laid “overlapping” the previous one, strictly maintaining the required amount of overlap;
• During the work, it is necessary to constantly check the tightness of the elements against each other and their tightness.

Now you probably know everything about rafters and how to do the roofing yourself.

Rafters of a pitched roof (photo): exact calculation, diagram of the device, angle of inclination of the rafters

The article “Rafters of a pitched roof” will tell you about the basics of calculating the structure and angle of inclination of the roof truss system, and also explain the rafter diagram.

Rafter system of a pitched roof: design rules and analysis of typical options

A pitched roof is quite rightly classified as one of the simplest and most economical structures. It is attractive due to its minimal consumption of material and simple construction process. The construction single-slope option can be the first confident step on the path of an independent roofer. However, without compliance with technological requirements, there will be no positive outcome even in the most basic matters. In order for the result to please you with reliability, you need to know what the truss system of a pitched roof is and what requirements must be taken into account when constructing it.

One slope in low-rise construction

Shed roofs are a faithful companion to domestic buildings, terraces, garages, attached and free-standing verandas. They are still extremely rarely erected above residential buildings in the vast expanses of the fatherland, although the number of adherents of the modern and high-tech styles is touching with an upward trend.

Despite belonging to the pitched category, pitched roofs still cannot be unconditionally called attic: the space under the roof is too small to organize the premises. And since it doesn’t make sense to use the attic, then separating it from the building with a ceiling is not always advisable. Therefore, in practice, builders of pitched roofs often install spacers and rafter legs instead of roofing.

In a simplified way, the rafter frame of a pitched roof can be called a floor laid at an angle or half of a layered system, which is much closer to the structural essence. It is constructed exclusively from layered rafter legs, i.e. from rafters with reliable supports for the upper and lower heels.

Among the options for supporting the rafter legs of pitched roofs are:

• Two load-bearing brick, concrete, wooden walls of different heights. In this case, the rafters of a pitched roof rest on the walls through a mauerlat laid in two unconnected strips. Support can be made through a reinforced concrete belt, pre-designed and installed during the construction of the walls, as well as through the upper rows of timber or log boxes.
• One load-bearing wall made of concrete, wood, brick and supports located opposite. It is clear that extensions and sheds are built in this way. The upper edges of the rafters in such cases rest on steel brackets screwed to the load-bearing wall or to sockets selected in it. The lower heels rest on the harness connecting the support pillars.
• Two rows of concrete, brick, wooden supports. Both heels of the rafters rest on the harness. Moreover, the supports can simultaneously serve as elements for fastening the sheathing and forming frame walls.

In private construction, shed structures are most often used if the span they cover does not exceed 4.5 m. Covering a more serious span is quite possible: to implement it, you will simply need to strengthen the system with purlins, supports, and struts.

However, among private owners there are few fans of such large-scale pitched roofs, so we will consider the simplest representatives and the principles of their construction. Having understood their design, it will be possible to create own project through modernization and additions.

A well-designed project takes into account the need to place a single slope on the windward side so that the roof is not torn off and carried away by gusty winds.

Average sizes of components

For the manufacture of layered rafters, forest and lumber of the 2nd grade are used. Sanded logs and plates are suitable - the same logs, but hewn on both sides. Timber and boards sewn in pairs are used.

The cross-section of rafter legs for the construction of pitched roofs over buildings must be calculated taking into account the weight of the roof, snow and wind loads. Among folk craftsmen, the listed values ​​are simply added up and entered into one of the many calculation programs, of which there are a little less than a legion on the Internet. In order not to struggle with calculations, we will present the average sections of rafter legs and related elements used for the construction of pitched roofs in middle lane, This:

• Logs and plates cut from them Ø 180-200mm, timber 100×150mm (150×150mm) are used to construct a rafter frame covering a span of 4.5 m or more.
• Logs and plates Ø 120-180mm, timber 100×100mm are used if it is necessary to cover a span of up to 4.5m.

In both cases, it is permissible to replace the timber in pairs with sewn boards, the dimensions of which will ultimately make it possible to obtain a beam of the required section.

It should be remembered that logs with a diameter of less than 120 mm, plates with a thickness of less than 70 mm and boards with a cross-section of less than 40×150 mm are not used in the construction of rafter structures. Even for low-impact sheds installed on sites in the middle zone, the indicated dimensions are a minimum.

If the diagram of the truss system of a pitched roof predetermines the design of the purlin, it is installed parallel to the slopes. It is needed to increase the rigidity of the structure as an additional support system. To fix the purlin, supports and supports are installed in exactly the same way as the technology for constructing gable roofs dictates. Only the goal is not to form a ridge fracture, but to maintain the plane of a large slope. The purlins of long-span structures are made from timber 180×180mm or from logs Ø 200-260mm. To make racks for purlins, take a beam with a side of 120 mm or a log 130-200 mm in diameter.

Step of a lean-to rafter system

The installation step of the rafter legs is determined in accordance with the geometric data of the box being equipped. The slopes on which the rafters are to be supported are divided into equal sections so that the distance between the rafters is the same. The breakdown of slopes for their installation is carried out taking into account the size and type of materials used:

• For rafter legs made of timber, log plates, the installation step is from 1.5 m to 2 m.
• If the rafters are made of paired boards, the installation step is from 1 m to 1.75 m.
• For rafters made from a single board, the installation step is from 0.6m to 1.2m.

The choice of installation step for the rafter legs of an insulated roofing structure is influenced by the size of the insulation. It is very convenient if the thermal insulation slabs are installed between the rafters rigidly, with slight compression. This is a very economical solution, because they do not need to be laid in two layers, and heat loss is eliminated, thanks to the elimination of the causes of the formation of cold bridges.

Do not forget that if you increase the recommended distance between the rafters, you will have to reduce the installation step of the sheathing or even make it continuous. Such a choice is not always advisable from the point of view of both labor costs and construction costs. It is better to adhere to technological recommendations and calculate in advance what is more profitable: install one or two fewer rafters or strengthen the sheathing of the slopes.

As is customary in the construction of pitched roofs, the rafters are attached to the wooden wall crutches or stuffed in brickwork plugs with anchors. Fixation is carried out through one rafter leg with twists of annealed wire. The attachment points of the rafter legs to the walls are located 20-30 cm below the Mauerlat. Wire twists can be laid during brick laying. It is allowed to fasten with brackets to walls made of timber or logs.

Options for single-pitch rafter frames

To better assimilate the information, let’s look at several common examples of constructing rafter systems for pitched roofs. Let's consider simple objects construction, the construction of which can be handled by a skilled owner.

Design #1 - single-pitched garage rafter frame

Let us analyze the structure of the rafter frame of a pitched roof over a garage, the walls of which are made of foam concrete blocks. The reinforced belt recommended by the standards was not poured, which is why the procedure for laying the Mauerlat remains. In single-pitch roofing structures, it is constructed in the form of two beams laid on walls of different heights.

The process of constructing a rafter system in stages:

• We lay 100x150mm timber flush with the internal planes of the high and low walls. This is the Mauerlat of a pitched roof. Because the timber will be in contact with the foam concrete; it will be laid on a roofing felt or similar waterproofing pad. We fasten the timber approximately 80cm apart with 90×90 roofing corners, reinforced with a cast lintel. We screw the corners with Ø 14mm dowels.
• We will make a rafter template from a board with a cross section of 50×200mm. Let's install it on the Mauerlat so that there is a margin of about 55-60cm on both sides. The margin should be slightly larger than the planned width of the eaves overhangs. Usually it is 40-50cm. After installing all the rafters, we will trim off the excess.
• We mark the points of future cuts on the installed workpiece, not forgetting that the cutting depth should be no more than 1/3 of the width of the board.
• We mark the walls so that the outer rafters on both sides do not touch concrete wall. It is advisable that there be a distance of 4-5 cm between the wood and concrete.
• We make rafter legs according to the template, install them and fasten them to the Mauerlat with brackets or corners.
• From the scrap board we make a pattern of fillets taking into account the width of the overhang. We make all the cornice elements using the template. Then we install it, not forgetting about the waterproofing gaskets between the wooden parts and the concrete wall.
• We cut off the excess rafters and nail a wind board with a cross-section of 25×100mm around the perimeter.

The elementary truss structure for the garage is ready. All that remains is to fill the sheathing along the installed rafters under the covering of the pitched roof. It can be continuous or sparse. The installation step of sparse laths depends on the type of roofing material.

In the first example, we formed the eaves overhangs by installing fillets. There is a slightly different method, according to which the Mauerlat beams are installed outside the perimeter of the box. The offset is equal to the width of the eaves overhang. The rafters are positioned so that the outermost elements are just above the edges of the mauerlat. Short extensions are installed in the space between the outer and adjacent rafters. Further everything follows the standard plan.

Design #2 - pitched roof over an extension

No less often than the previous example, the task of constructing an extension to an existing building arises. For obvious reasons, the roof will be pitched. It will fit perfectly into any architectural and landscape conditions, and will not create a threat of precipitation accumulation.

The rafter system is being constructed at an angle of 20º, because metal tiles will be installed on top of it. The rafters will rest on the main brick wall of the extension located opposite. In the example of a lean-to structure we have proposed, a span of 4.75 m must be covered, which is more than 3.5 m. This means that to ensure rigidity, the installation of struts will be required. The design and installation of struts is carried out with the condition that the angle of their inclination is not advisable to exceed 45º.

The section of the board for making rafter legs is 50×200mm. They will be installed after 70cm. We will make the struts from 50x150mm boards, and for the construction of the sheathing we will stock up on 25x100mm boards.

Algorithm for constructing a single-pitch rafter frame:

• We install 100x150mm timber flush with the internal plane of the extension wall, not forgetting to first lay down waterproofing. We fix the beam with bolts every 80-100mm.
• In the main wall at the planned height, we hollow out grooves for installing the upper heels of the rafters. The depth of the grooves is 12 cm, the width is slightly greater than the thickness of the board, the pitch is 70 cm. Instead of hollowed-out grooves, you can use metal brackets that are simply screwed to the wall. In shape they resemble an inverted letter “P”, in which the upper edge of the rafter is located.
• Let's make a template for the rafter legs. We place the 50x200mm board in its designated place and mark the cuts on both edges. The depth of the top cut required to install the rafters in the groove is 10 cm. There is no need to go deeper, otherwise the rafter will rest against the wall, and this is undesirable. We transfer the dimensions of the top cut to the bottom. At the same time, we mark a vertical cutting line along the width of the cornice.
• Using the template, we make all the rafter legs and install them in their proper places. For fastening at the top we use metal corners, one side of which is screwed to the wall, the other to the rafter. We fix it at the bottom with corners or staples.
• We try on a piece of board against the main wall and one of the rafter legs to determine the point for cutting the groove for the strut. Do not forget that the angle between the wall and the strut should not exceed 45º, and the lower heel of the strut should rest against the wall 20-30 cm below the opposite wall.
• Stepping back from the imaginary vertical drawn through the upper groove by 5-6 cm in any direction, we hollow out the bottom row of grooves. We place them every 70cm.
• We cut off the lower corner from the strut blank so that the cut line is 10 cm.
• We try on the workpiece, placing the edge with a notch in the lower groove. Along the line of intersection of the rafter leg and the workpiece, we draw the upper cut.
• According to the verified scheme, we make and install all the struts. We fasten them to the rafters with metal toothed plates.
• We form cornices by installing fillies on the inclined walls of the extension. Do not forget about the mandatory waterproofing between the brick or concrete wall and the roof elements made of wood.
• We sheathe the perimeter with a wind board and install the sheathing.

The technology given as an example is valid not only for installing pitched roofs over permanent extensions. Covered verandas with terraces and utility blocks are arranged in a similar way.

The work progresses much more happily if the walls of the main building are made of timber, logs, or made using the Canadian frame method. It is commonplace to install brackets under the upper heels of the rafters: there is less hassle and the process moves much faster.

Design #3 - lean-to structure for a shed

A pitched roof is an excellent option for arranging outbuildings, temporary buildings, summer kitchens. Rare units need the fundamental nature of such structures. The simplest options are in greater demand, the construction of which can easily be completed by the owner of a suburban plot.

Let's consider installing a pitched roof over a small shed for storing summer cottage equipment. Its walls were built according to the frame-greenhouse principle by installing vertical posts connected at the bottom along the perimeter by strapping. The front and rear walls of the barn differ in height, so they are connected not by a single frame, but by separate transverse strips.

The cross member of the high wall is laid at an angle, which eliminates the need to make cuts to support the upper heels of the rafters. To form an angle, the high wall posts are sawn from above at the designed angle.

The algorithm for constructing a rafter system is typical. First, a piece of board is applied to the end of the building and the cut lines are outlined. Then the required number of rafter legs is cut according to the template. They are installed traditional way according to the markings made on the walls in advance. To fasten elements of the rafter system over light domestic buildings, nails or self-tapping screws are sufficient. Screw or hammer hardware products at an angle, trying to ensure that there are no gaps between the parts being connected.

The wind board is fastened around the perimeter after installing the wall sheathing. The example barn does not have eaves overhangs. However, if desired, you can make them by installing rafters with a length that takes into account the formation of overhangs. Laying planned soft roof, under which a continuous sheathing is installed. The dimensions of the sheathing made of plywood, GVLV, boards or OSB-3 are determined by the outer plane of the wind board.

The angle of inclination is small, so the use of waterproofing is highly desirable even if getting the items stored in the barn wet is not too much of a concern. Waterproofing will protect wooden parts buildings from rotting and subsequent inevitable failure.

Rafter system of a pitched roof: device, diagram, instructions

Device rules, standard schemes and the technological principles according to which the truss system of a pitched roof is constructed guarantee excellent results