Installing a septic tank is a practical way to solve the problem of draining waste when arranging a local sewage system. But, you see, among the variety of ready-made designs, it is sometimes not easy to make a choice.

To simplify the task, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with an overview of the main types of treatment facilities and popular models from leading manufacturers. We will tell you which septic tank to choose based on the peculiarities of its operation, and we will outline the main parameters of the device that must be taken into account when buying.

For a better understanding of the issue, we supplemented the information with photographs of various models of utilizers, as well as diagrams for their installation.

A septic tank is a waterproof structure, consisting of one or more sections, or divided into two or three compartments, chambers. But any sewage treatment plant has its own characteristics.

And therefore, in order to correctly choose a utilizer, it is necessary to analyze the types of equipment presented on the market, understand the principle of their operation and determine for yourself the expediency of using a particular model.

Types of materials used

Septic tanks, which are the main element of local sewerage, are classified according to various criteria.

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Each owner of a private house, cottage, country house and just a small summer cottage is almost constantly faced with the problem of competently arranging the drainage system to ensure comfortable living conditions. And basically this issue is related to the lack of central sewerage systems and the ability to connect to them. If earlier the owners of private housing simply dug a temporary or stationary cesspool for draining, now there is a more effective method of solving the problem - using a septic tank.

The device is a special installation for collection, filtration, purification and discharge of waste water. It is this system that is a priority for use in a private house. The photo below shows one of the possible installation schemes for a septic tank.

Types of septic tanks

Structures intended for wastewater treatment are classified depending on the material of execution. The septic tank can be:

Reinforced concrete structure (photo below). It is based on monolithic concrete, which is a very durable and reliable material. It can be used as a septic tank for a private house for a quarter of a century.
Such products are prefabricated or monolithic. The first ones are assembled from reinforced concrete rings of large diameter. A one-piece septic tank is made directly at the construction site.

Brick septic tank for a country house (photo below). It looks like a brickwork, laid in a pit in a single brick. Very quick to install, but requires additional external waterproofing. Brickwork as a septic tank cannot be called a completely sealed "container". The installation of a brick container takes a long time.
Plastic and fiberglass tanks (see photo below) for a private house, cottage, summer cottage. They are made from polymers with high strength characteristics. Products have 100% tightness, low weight, large capacity, inert to aggressive media and resistant to corrosion. Such cleaning structures are easy enough to install.
Metal containers for a country house (photo below). These types of filters are considered not the best option, since the metal can corrode. Installing a septic tank for a private house made of stainless steel will be very expensive and the sewerage system will not be cost effective in terms of price.

All types of septic tanks for a private house have their own advantages and disadvantages, but it is worth noting that recently plastic structures have been very popular.

The device and principle of operation of the septic tank

A septic tank in any version is a kind of filtering station, which is a special structure designed for autonomous sewage systems capable of deeply purifying wastewater to a state in which water can be drained into the soil.

The work of a septic tank for a private house is based on the following principle:

Initial collection of effluents in a special tank - a hermetically sealed container that allows to separate the effluents into heavy and light ones. Heavy particles are transported to the bottom of the septic tank, and light ones to the next cleaning element.
Sewage treatment. The cleaning method depends on the place where the sewage is discharged - into a collection well or into a filtration field.

A septic tank well for a country house is a container / reservoir required for anaerobic fermentation of microorganisms. That is, oxygen is not involved in the process. In this case, methane gas is formed, which is removed from the septic tank through the ventilation pipe.

In the next filter tank of a septic tank for a private house, there is no bottom, but there is a bottom cushion of gravel, sand or crushed stone, with a thickness of thirty to sixty centimeters. Pre-filtered drains pass through the pillow and are additionally self-cleaning. Thereafter, the effluent can be considered suitable for direct discharge into the ground.

Criteria for the right choice

To decide which septic tank to choose for a private house, you should pay attention to its price and performance - how many effluents a septic tank can receive and process in a certain time. These parameters are basic. They completely depend on how actively they use plumbing, a bathroom, and household appliances in the house.

You can build on the following characteristics of the devices:

A septic tank for a country house, working on a cumulative basis (photo below). This option can be considered as the simplest solution to choose the best septic tank for a summer residence. Such a device collects waste water and stores it. The cost of such a septic tank is low. Great when living in the country seasonally.
Septic tank with additional soil cleaning (see photo below). To build filtration fields for a septic tank for a private house, you need to dig a large pit below the clay layer. The bottom of the trench is leveled and covered with sand and gravel. The purified liquid must pass through the sand, and then through the rubble.
Septic tank for a country house with deep cleaning (photo is presented below). Such a device is an effective small size design. In the middle of the septic tank, a thorough purification of effluents takes place by separating the waters and settling them. But the price for such comfort is quite high.

The designs and types of septic tanks can be very different. The price of a septic tank for a private house may vary depending on the manufacturer of the product and the quality of the purifier.

Septic tank installation

Installation of a filtration structure - a septic tank for a private house can take place in several stages:

In order for the septic tank to serve effectively, you should choose the right place for its installation. Deep cleaning stations are allowed to be mounted near a house or other buildings, and it is better to place other structures of a septic tank at some distance from a country house.
To arrange the filtering fields of a septic tank, it is necessary that the purified liquid quickly penetrates into the ground. Therefore, clay soil, for example, is not very suitable. The septic tank field for a summer cottage, house or cottage should be located away from sources of drinking water.
In order to properly mount the structure, you need to take into account the level of groundwater. The depth of the trench-trench for a septic tank for a private house should be at least one and a half meters so that underground sources do not fall into the reservoir, otherwise it will quickly fill up.
When digging a pit for a septic tank, you need to leave room for the side and bottom filling of the structure. The position of the septic tank for a private house must be leveled and made sure that the technological holes are not blocked. The septic tank is carefully lowered into the trench and sand is poured under the bottom.
The structure is filled with water to equalize the internal pressure in the tank, heat insulation is carried out if necessary, after which the sewer pipes are mounted. Connect the septic tank and the house using a pipeline laid at a certain angle. This is necessary in order for the water to drain properly.

Installation of a septic tank for a country house can be carried out independently or by involving specialists in this matter. It should be remembered that only a properly installed septic tank will work efficiently, using its productivity in the most optimal way.

Septic tank prices

Structures that serve as a septic tank for a summer residence can have different costs. There are no special requirements for the use of septic tank devices for a particular model for a summer residence, and another for a house. The price for a specific device for a private house depends on the material from which the septic tank is made. Below is a table with average options for the price of a septic tank from different manufacturers.

Private house septic tank	Number of people	Productivity, liter / day	Septic tank dimensions	Weight, kg	Average price, ruble
Tank 2	3-4	800	1800x1200x1700	130	28000
Tank 3	4-5	1200	2200х1200х2000	150	38500
TOPAS 5	5	1000	1100х1200х2500	250	72000
TOPAS 8	8	1500	1600x1200x2500	350	90000
TOPAS 10	10	2000	2100х1200х2500	450	120000
Tver 1P	3-5	1000	2500x1100x1670	150	120000
Poplar 5	5	1100	1030x1000x2485	236	72000
Poplar 8	8	1900	1330x1030x2485	272	95000
Astra 3	3	1000	1000x820x2030	120	70000
Astra 5	5	1500	1030x1000x2360	250	85000
Astra 8	8	2000	1500x1040x2360	320	110000

The price of a septic tank can be completely different in different sales offices, but you need to choose a septic tank for a private house, based on its productive capacity.

When planning the construction of a country house, along with drawing up a project for the building itself, it is necessary to design engineering systems, including drainage and wastewater treatment systems. To do this, you need to find out what types of septic tanks are used today so that you can choose the most suitable option.

Previously, installation of an outdoor shower and a "birdhouse" toilet was considered the pinnacle of gardening. Nowadays, more and more owners prefer to equip their homes with a complete set of plumbing fixtures.

And in this case, it is necessary to build a local drainage system. For the disposal of private household wastewater, a septic tank is usually used. Consider what types of this equipment exist and what features they have.

Classification

Septic tanks that can be included in local sewage systems can be classified according to several criteria:

by the cleaning method;
by body material;
by installation method.

Varieties according to the principle of work

For private households, the following types of septic tanks can be used:

storage tanks;
sedimentation tanks with soil filtration;
installations with forced aeration, providing deep biological treatment.

Consider the features of each option

Storage tanks

This is the simplest type of equipment, it is a volumetric sealed tank used to collect and store wastewater. It works on the same principle as the cesspool, the difference is the environmental safety of the drive. After all, the drive, unlike cesspools, excludes the ingress of contaminated liquid into the ground.

As the storage tank fills, it will need to be cleaned. This work is carried out using sewage machines. By means of a pump, the contents of the container are pumped out into a tank installed on a car and transported for disposal in accordance with the established procedure.

This option for organizing wastewater disposal can be recommended for summer cottages, provided that the volume of wastewater is small. Otherwise, the drive will need to be cleaned frequently, and this will incur additional costs.

Sedimentation tanks

This option is universal, it is recommended for a small summer cottage or for a spacious country cottage. The difference in this case will be only in the volume of sedimentation tanks and the area of devices for additional treatment. The larger the daily volume of effluent, the more spacious the sedimentation tanks should be. To ensure the best quality of cleaning, multistage sedimentation is organized.

Advice! For an ordinary private house, it is recommended to purchase or build a two or three chamber septic tank. In such an installation, two chambers perform the functions of a settling tank, and in the latter, additional cleaning is carried out using biofilters.

These treatment facilities work as follows:

the first section of the installation, as a rule, is made the most voluminous. Here there is an accumulation of effluents and their primary settling;

water enters the second section, which has already been freed from most of the large inclusions, here the liquid is additionally settled, smaller undissolved particles settle to the bottom, which did not have time to precipitate in the first section;
then the water enters the compartment with the biofilter, if it is in the design of the treatment plant, and then it is fed to the soil filtration unit, where it is finally purified;

the sediment at the bottom of the settling tanks is gradually compacted. The bacteria in the effluent initiate methane fermentation processes, due to which the sludge is partially decomposed and reduced in volume. Due to this, it is necessary to pump out the sludge infrequently; it is enough to perform this operation annually.

Advice! If you do not carry out timely cleaning of the sedimentation tanks, the sediment will begin to thicken, gradually reducing the volume of the chambers. A decrease in the volume of sedimentation tanks will lead to a deterioration in the quality of cleaning.

Pros of this option:

simplicity of the device, reliability;
sufficiently high efficiency;
inexpensive and simple maintenance.

Substantial volume of containers. In order for the water to settle well, it is necessary that the water is in the sump for at least 72 hours. Therefore, with a high flow rate of water, it is necessary to use tanks with a large capacity.
The need to build devices for soil filtration. This increases construction costs. It is especially difficult if there is clay or a high groundwater level on the site.

Deep bio-purification

A modern septic tank is no longer just a septic tank, but a station that provides complete cleaning in the shortest possible time. Due to this, the installations are compact in size, and there is no need to build devices for additional soil purification. Principle of operation:

the first stage of processing consists in settling the liquid;
but in the second section additional equipment is installed - an aerator. Through the openings of this device, air is supplied to the environment to be cleaned, which ensures the creation of conditions for the flow of biological aerobic processes;
then the liquid settles again and is sent to the outlet.

Advice! To ensure the highest possible level of purification, you can install an additional unit for water disinfection using ultraviolet radiation.

Pros of the option:

high quality wastewater treatment;
compactness, it is much easier to choose a place for installing a biological treatment station on a site near a country house than to allocate a place for installing sedimentation tanks and fields for filtration;
complete absence of odors, so residents and guests of the country house will not feel discomfort.

high installation cost;
the need to connect electricity.

Materials (edit)

Special requirements are imposed on materials for the manufacture of tanks for septic tanks, namely:

corrosion resistance;
strength;
tightness.

When equipping a local sewerage system in a country house, the following options for septic tanks are most often used:

Brick. Previously, this was the most popular option, since tanks of any volume and shape can be laid out of bricks. Moreover, the work of the wave can be done independently, without the involvement of construction equipment. This is important if the owners of a private house decide to do the construction on their own. The disadvantages of this option are the insufficient tightness of the brick tanks and the need for additional waterproofing.

Plastic. Currently, plastic septic tanks are the most used variant of treatment plants, recommended for use in autonomous sewage systems in a private house. Such installations can be bought ready-made, or assembled independently, using ready-made plastic containers of the required volume. Plastic models have a lot of advantages and only one drawback - they are too light and can emerge with a seasonal rise in groundwater.
Reinforced concrete. Reliable, heavyweight construction. They can be prefabricated (from ready-made reinforced concrete parts) or monolithic. The latter are more sealed, since they have no seams, but prefabricated structures can be assembled much faster. The disadvantage is the laboriousness of installation, as well as the need to use special equipment.

Advice! Metal tanks are practically not used in the construction of sewage systems in a private country house. Due to the metal's susceptibility to corrosion, a metal septic tank will be short-lived, and the use of stainless steel will make the treatment plant prohibitively expensive.

Installation method

According to the location of the sections, all treatment plants are divided into horizontally and vertically oriented ones. Vertical treatment plants are the preferred option for a private house, since they require much less space during installation.

However, this option can only be used with a low GWL. If the level of the location of soil water is high, then you have to choose a horizontal option. In this case, the depth of the reservoir will be small, but the area for installing a septic tank will require a significant one. In addition, according to the method of installation, underground and surface are distinguished. The latter option is chosen if local conditions do not allow installation in the ground.

What to consider when choosing?

To make the right choice of a treatment plant, you need to take into account the following factors:

daily amount of effluent;
frequency of use (permanent, seasonal or periodic residence);
features of the geology of the site;
construction budget.

So, for a summer cottage used for periodic rest, an inexpensive drive is also quite suitable, and for a country house it is better to use more productive models - sedimentation tanks or biological treatment stations.

So, there are different types of septic tanks, so for any operating conditions, you can choose the most optimal option. A correctly selected and installed septic tank will last a long time, providing a sufficiently high efficiency of sewage wastewater disposal.

Septic tank for a private house. Septic tank for a private house price.

A septic tank for a private house is an indispensable condition for a comfortable stay, since only such a completely autonomous purification system can effectively drain wastewater where there is no possibility of connecting to the central sewerage system. Having installed a septic tank for a private house, the price of which is quite acceptable, the owners forget about the street toilet and buckets of water, like a nightmare. Care and maintenance septic tank for home does not require much effort, and the cost of installation pays off very quickly.

Septic tank selection calculator

Main parameters:

Number of residents

Pipe depth

Discharge of water from a septic tank

Accommodation

Soil type

High ground level. waters

Plumbing:

0 1 2 3 4 5

Pick up

How to choose a septic tank for a private house.

Each septic tank for a private house must effectively perform the most important function - to make wastewater safe for residents of the house and the surrounding area. At the same time, such an installation also helps to significantly save on utility bills.

Before choosing the most suitable and effective septic tank for a private house, you need to consider some factors:

The number of people living in the house.

The volume of wastewater entering the system and the number of sources requiring maintenance (sinks, toilets, showers, bathtubs, washers, dishwashers).

The material from which the septic tank is made for a private house.

Features of the soil on the site and the terrain.

The presence of a nearby reservoir where excess water can be removed.

Septic tank performance.

If you choose a modern, highly efficient septic tank for a private house, then the best option would be a concrete type of a purification station. Such a septic tank is not subject to temperature extremes and is resistant to soil pressure. A concrete septic tank for a private house can be made by hand or by contacting a professional company with experienced specialists. It is a structure of concrete rings, which are interconnected by reinforcement. Such a system is suitable for organizing a storage or slop local sewage system, and will be a good choice for a house where people constantly live.

An excellent option would be to buy a septic tank for a private house made of plastic. These are ready-made structures in the form of plastic containers that are excellent for any type of soil, have a long service life and are unpretentious in maintenance. Treatment plants provide a deeper degree of purification than concrete structures, but the price of a septic tank for a private house of this type will be higher.

Today, a fully autonomous septic tank for a private house is the most popular option. It uses forced multi-stage filtration, which ultimately purifies water up to 95-98%. The combined cleaning method (biological and mechanical) provides a guarantee of safety for the environment and the health of people living in the house.

It is best to buy a septic tank for a private house from a company that officially cooperates with the manufacturer and offers a full range of services for the installation of a treatment plant, start-up and maintenance. A professional company gives a guarantee for all work performed and installs equipment in accordance with all the rules of SNiP and sanitary epidemiology.

A detailed video on installing a septic tank for a private house.

Pumping septic tank for a private house.

If you decide to install a pumping septic tank for a private house, then be prepared for the fact that it needs to be cleaned regularly. You can do this yourself or with the help of specialized companies.

1. Manual cleaning is time-consuming and labor-intensive and requires a solution to the waste disposal problem.

2. Mechanical pumping involves the use of special powerful pumps and equipment for waste disposal. A septic tank for a private house also needs a complete cleaning of the pipeline, liquefaction of activated sludge, and disinfection. All these services are not cheap, but they compensate for the time and nerves costs and guarantee a high quality of system cleansing.

3. An automatic septic tank for a private house, the price of which is higher than the cost of a concrete one, can be equipped with a pumping function. Filters are installed in it, which self-clean several times a month. However, here it is necessary to monitor the number of bacteria, since they are washed off along with the liquid into the sewer.

There is no universal answer to the question - which septic tank is better for a private house. For each individual case, you need to select the optimal version of the model and take into account the number of residents, the volume of wastewater, the characteristics of the soil and climate in the area. Domestic manufacturers of septic tanks offer a wide range of models of different performance, design and cost. Therefore, before you buy a septic tank for a private house, you should consult with experienced specialists.

If you are looking for an effective septic tank for a private house, the price of which is affordable, then here is a rating of the best options:

Treatment plant Poplar.

Cleaning system Topas.

Autonomous station Termit.

Septic tank for a private house Ecoline.

The list goes on, since Russian manufacturers regularly improve their products and offer high quality new items on the market.

Installation of a septic tank for a private house.

A septic tank for a private house should be located at least 5 meters from a residential building. At the same time, there must be at least 30 meters to the source of drinking water. When installing a septic tank for a private house, the price of which is affordable, it is worth remembering that the further it is from the house, the more sewer pipes will be required and the higher the final cost of the work will be. To install a septic tank for a private house, you need special tools and equipment, sand and cement, insulation for pipes. The process itself consists of 4 main stages:

1. A pit is pulled out for a septic tank and a ditch for the pipeline.

2. The septic tank is placed in the pit with the help of technology.

3. The pipeline is mounted and connected with a slope of 1-2 cm per 1 running meter of the pipe.

4. With a mixture of sand and cement 5: 1, the entire structure is filled up and compacted.

Thus, you can install a septic tank for a private house on your own, but it is better to entrust this difficult work to professionals in order to guarantee a perfectly functioning wastewater treatment system.