Before installing a fire alarm, you need to understand the types of such systems and choose the type that suits your specific requirements. You can install the system yourself, but it is better to call a special team. If desired, the owner of the system can register it with the State Fire Supervision Authority.

Types of systems

All types of fire alarm systems can be divided into several types.

1. Threshold systems with radial loops.
2. Threshold systems with a modular structure.
3. Combined system.

Threshold systems with radial stubs

Threshold systems equipped with radial loops are popular for one reason only - they are very cheap. However, installation of such equipment will be quite expensive. Such a system has a lot of shortcomings that are difficult to notice immediately after installation.

In particular, the PKP can give false signals. The number of such false notifications here is an order of magnitude higher than in any other devices. At least two detectors must be installed in one room, and this leads to increased costs. Although the equipment is very economical, its installation and the expense of unnecessary detectors will lead to the fact that the total costs will be very significant.

With an abundance of sensors, it will be impossible to track them from one computer.

The control panel also sets a certain threshold at which a signal is given. It is almost impossible to check the serviceability of the alarm; if it breaks, the sound may not sound. PEP is highly dependent on the human factor.

In a word, such a system has many more disadvantages than advantages. When installing an alarm for serious purposes, it is better to choose something else.

Threshold systems with a modular structure

Such systems are inexpensive, like the previous type of alarm. They have almost the same disadvantages: expensive installation, a certain signal threshold, dependence on the human factor.

However, this type of alarm can be freely controlled from one remote control or computer. In addition, here it is possible to install two blocks simultaneously.

This system has a fundamentally different structure than the previous two. It works differently. All sensors in it are combined into a common unit, and they are regularly checked from the control panel. Signals from sensors can have four responses: “normal”, “fire”, “malfunction”, “absence”.

The disadvantage of this type of alarm is that they detect the source of fire too late and report it. Otherwise it's a very good system.

This system has an optimal price-quality ratio; using the survey panel, you can always identify faults in the sensors in a timely manner, as well as obtain a lot of useful information.

One loop of such an alarm can include up to two hundred sensors. To appreciate all the advantages of this system, you need to understand how it works fire alarm of this type. It assumes the presence of twisted pairs, this is its main advantage and at the same time a disadvantage. When any sensor fails, the system itself remains fully operational.

The sensors do not have any specific signal threshold. They simply record the atmosphere at their designated point and send the data to the control panel. This allows you to very quickly identify the source of fire. In addition, such a system design allows you to find out about any faults in the network in a timely manner.

The cost of installing an analogue addressable system itself will not be expensive, but the equipment will cost a decent amount. Probably the only drawback of this signaling is that the protocol requires a twisted pair cable.

Combined systems

Combination fire alarms are the most powerful. They allow the installation of several thousand sensors and devices. They have a very wide range of additional equipment.

Fire alarm systems and devices of this type are controlled from one control point, which greatly facilitates safety monitoring. There are practically no disadvantages to a combined fire alarm, except that it can cost a decent amount of money.

Installation and dismantling

Installation of an alarm requires compliance with special rules that are prescribed in regulatory documentation. It is advisable to install such systems with the help of professionals if the owner of the premises does not have the skills to work with such systems.

Some owners ask the question whether it is possible to create a fire alarm with their own hands, that is, assemble the device itself at home. Yes, this is quite possible, but within certain limits. It is impossible to create complex systems on your own. A master can only do the most simple devices, and no one can guarantee that they will function properly.

Sometimes the fire system operates without any fire. The frightened owners do not know how to turn off the fire alarm. The sound of this system is very specific and hardly anyone will like it. To restore silence and order, you must do the following.

1. First you need to find out the reason why the alarm went off. There may have been smoke or a small fire. The room must be ventilated immediately.
2. If, after all, the system worked without any reason, then you need to decide on its type. The simplest alarm system with sensors can be easily turned off. To do this, you just need to remove the power source from the sensors themselves. For a more complex alarm system, you need to go to the control panel. The system often turns off only after the appropriate code has been entered.
3. A radical way to eliminate noise is to cut through the alarm wires. If you need to restore it, you will have to carry out whole line works

The fire alarm system is a necessary condition for the construction of some objects. First of all, this applies to buildings where explosive substances are stored. This includes buildings in the healthcare, general education, and manufacturing industries.

The safety of any premises depends on correct installation fire alarm. Improperly executed installation work not only will they not protect the structure during a fire, but they will also contribute to the issuance of fines.

Alarm device

The main function of a fire alarm system is to detect a fire in a room using installed systems sensors Modern manufacturers I propose to use the following sensors in fire alarm systems:

• optical;
• smoke;
• thermal.

Optical sensors are capable of detecting infrared or ultraviolet radiation that is released during the combustion process. Smoke detectors respond to the occurrence of increased smoke, and thermal ones - to a sharp increase in temperature. Often, for system reliability, devices are combined different types.

All sensors can be divided into wired and wireless. All of them are connected to a central console, which receives the corresponding signals from the sensors. After processing the information, the location of the fire is determined, a control signal is turned on, which starts the warning and fire extinguishing system.

This system is quite complex, so installation of a fire alarm can be carried out if there is project documentation, which takes into account the purpose of the object.

Design, connection and maintenance of alarm systems are permitted only to those companies that have certificates and licenses to carry out this work.

When preparing design documentation, they develop technical task. It is subsequently used to make a layout of cables and devices.

Installation norms and rules

The list of all norms and rules that describe installation features is quite large. But the main ones should be mentioned.

Acquainted with full list rules you can in GOST and SNIP. In addition, you should pay attention to the Federal laws on which the design documentation is based. It is also necessary to comply with the requirements of Fire Safety Standards.

If installation requirements are not met, dismantling must be carried out. installed equipment and carry out all work in accordance with standards. In this case, dismantling will be carried out at the expense of the performing company.

The installation of a fire alarm must be carried out taking into account all the requirements:

• fully comply with the design documentation and the specifics of the premises;
• high-quality performance of work.

In a protected building, it is advisable to divide all the premises into several control zones, in each of which a certain number of sensors are installed.

Electrical network standards

Power and communications networks also focus on Special attention. After all, they must be resistant to fire. As the room temperature rises, their insulation must be maintained.

Communication and power wiring must be laid in different channels. Where they intersect with the electric main, they must be equipped with additional reliable insulation.

The central control panel must be located in a specific room. Access to it should be limited service personnel. There are several types of control panels. Each of them can be used in certain conditions. Accordingly, the assembly of each device is individual.

When choosing, choose a conductor with a larger cross-section than for lighting fixtures.

Installation

Current legislation does not prohibit installing fire alarm systems yourself. All work must be carried out in accordance with certain rules that are prescribed in the project documentation.

But experts recommend that the system be installed by professionals. On your own, with the skills to work with such systems, you can assemble a system for your home. Complex structures should be carried out only by specialists who guarantee the serviceability of the structure as a whole.

Specialists connect the sensors in accordance with previously prepared diagrams and instructions for the devices.

An example of installing a foam or water fire extinguishing device. They are used in libraries, shops, hospitals, hotels, etc. The water flow in such a system must be at least 10 l/s. In case of fire, the water supply should be at least 30 minutes, and the distance between sprinklers should be no more than 4 m.

The installation of a fire alarm should be carried out at a temperature of about +200, humidity of about 60%, in the presence of supply and exhaust ventilation.

After installation of the structure, it is necessary to carry out inspection work.

The cost of installing an alarm directly depends on the area of ​​the protected premises, and, accordingly, the amount of equipment used.

End of work

After the installation of the fire alarm system by the performing company and the customer, it is necessary to draw up a summary executive documentation. It is necessary to prepare the following documents:

• journal and executive diagrams;
• certificates of statements and tests, examination of hidden work;
• quality certificates of the materials used, their certificates;
• working drawings.

A complete list of all necessary documents can be found on the website of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

How to disable the fire alarm system

Well, the connection is made in accordance with all the rules. The work order was followed. But during operation, the fire system may be triggered for no reason. At this time, you need to make sure that there is no fire, after which the device must be turned off. We figured out how to connect the systems, but how to turn them off? After all, an unpleasant specific sound is often produced. To turn off the alarm you must:

1. determine the reason why the alarm went off. Maybe for some reason there was an accumulation of smoke in the house or a small fire broke out. In this case, the room must be well ventilated;
2. If no reason is observed, then you need to turn off the device. A simple alarm can be easily turned off by turning off the power source from the sensors. The difficult one involves turning off the system from rooms with a central control panel. In this case, you will need to enter a certain code;
3. radical method of elimination unpleasant sound is the cutting of wires. But remember, to restore the functionality of this alarm, in this case it will be necessary to carry out a number of sequential works.

Fire alarm is complex system, in which different types of devices interact with each other in an orderly manner: control panels, sensors, warning elements, communication lines, autonomous power supplies, peripheral equipment. Installing the equipment is not easy - you need to know the features of installing a fire alarm.

According to current legislation, industrial enterprises must have on their territory fire protection. Many owners of private houses and apartments also prefer to use precautionary measures. Experts recommend: before installing fire alarm systems, you need to decide on their type.

Simple and complex equipment

Fire alarm systems differ from each other in configuration and functionality.

They are different:

1. Threshold equipment equipped with radial loops has become widespread due to the low cost of its components. The name contains the principle of operation of the device. The main control device serves sensors with individual sensitivity thresholds. Installation of a fire alarm involves the use of several units of detectors per room. The main disadvantage of the installed equipment is the increased level of false signals.
2. Threshold signaling with a modular structure is similar to the previous scheme. The difference is that one control panel simultaneously controls the operation of communication lines, and installation and operation are designed for the use of two units.
3. Address polling devices have a different structure compared to previous versions. The operation of the sensors is monitored by a module with a ring loop that allows you to filter out unnecessary information. The alarm circuit is reliable and easy to design.
4. The analogue addressable line is modern device. Each detector has an individual address to which it sends a signal about its operating status. The sensors have twisted pairs. If any element fails, the system will continue to function.
5. The combined system is installed indoors and outdoors. It is powerful, has a ring circuit using threshold and analog devices.

Regulations governing the installation of fire alarms

Fire alarm installation is carried out in accordance with GOST. Regulatory documents regulate the preparation of the project fire system, parameters of its elements and installation, including construction aspects. The basic rules are specified in the system tools document security and fire alarm system.

According to the regulations, design and installation must be focused on ease of maintenance, repair and protection from damage. The installation of an alarm system is carried out in each room using at least two sensors, except stairwells, bathrooms. A number of documents contain special standards for different types of devices.

Rules for installation/assembly of PS

Installation of a security and fire alarm depends on the area of ​​the room and height ceiling structures. Each device has individual installation and operating instructions.

However, there are general rules installation:

• The selection and configuration of the central control unit is carried out in accordance with the instructions. IN simple models There are several input connectors for connecting sensors. Output lines allow you to turn on devices that signal danger. Complex circuits additionally have a security function. For simplified installation, you can purchase a wireless fire alarm system kit. It contains all the necessary components, including mounting hardware.
• The laying of communication lines must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP. Only wires with copper cores and heat-resistant winding are used. For indoor installation nessesary to use corrugated pipe. Each loop has a specific marking. Wires are subject to inspection along their entire length. For sensors, it is better to use two-wire and four-wire options. Installation of an alarm system requires a 10% supply of loops. According to the rules, laying connecting wires with power cables is prohibited. The distance between the signal wires should be at least half a meter.
• Fire detectors control a specific sector, therefore they are installed in places where open fire appears. According to the standards, they should be located at a distance of 9 m from each other, no more than 4.5 m from the corners of the walls, and no less than 0.2 m from the ceiling. Thermal sensors located where the temperature rises sharply, with the exception of places of use heating devices. Linear type sensors must be installed on opposite sides of the room.

After measurements and selection of locations for sensors with a central control unit, a fire and security alarm system is installed.

How to install - do it yourself or through a contractor?

Correct installation of security and fire systems ensures the safety and security of property. Design and commissioning work in the complex, according to the law, are carried out by specialized organizations that have permits from the Ministry of Emergency Situations. They enter into an agreement with the customer for the maintenance of security and fire alarm systems.

Installation of systems is carried out on the basis of approved documentation. Specialists are able to install a fire alarm with an extensive network of devices and logical circuits in a short time. People who understand electrical engineering can perform simple installation of fire systems with their own hands. A well-designed scheme is easy to legitimize.

Before installing security and fire systems with your own hands, you need to select and buy certain type alarms. If financial opportunities do not allow this, then the device can be made independently.

In this case, the alarm signal will be sent to the owner’s phone, and not to the central control panel of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. You will have to call the fire department separately. Fire alarms in the home require taking into account some nuances:

1. use of multi-core cable in the winding to connect sensors;
2. the use of sealed or chip sensors that are installed on door or window openings;
3. placement of sensors in accordance with the ceiling design according to established standards.
4. connecting the system according to the instructions.

Recommendations for choosing a contractor - what to look for?

Installing and maintaining fire alarms requires a serious approach. Such work must be performed by highly qualified and experienced specialists. When choosing a performing company, you need to consider:

• availability of a license;
• stages of the organization’s activities: studying the features of the premises, determining the type of alarm system in relation to the facility, design, cost calculation, installation;
• whether the company is in the National Association of Self-Regulatory Organizations SRO or not.

How much will the installation cost?

Fire alarm calculations depend on its configuration and efficient work constituent elements. High-quality equipment quickly responds to the appearance of primary signs of fire.

Unreliable installations often lead to false signals. Each licensed organization determines the scope of work and determines the total cost.

Payment depends on many factors:

1. room area;
2. the type of system installed at the site;
3. its level of complexity;
4. branching;
5. control method: automatic or manual;
6. characteristics of electrical installation work;
7. additional costs for materials.

Conclusion

Installation of fire alarm elements has its own characteristics. Before you begin installing a system, it is important to determine its type and design complexity. The configuration and costs of equipment depend on this. These types of work are performed by licensed organizations employing qualified designers and engineers.

At home, you can install a simple fire alarm yourself. Any installation of the system is carried out in accordance with the regulations and requirements of GOST. The basics of installation of alarm elements are specified in the regulatory documentation. For each object, the cost of services is calculated individually.

Video: Fire alarm installation

PS is a complex complex of various equipment, technical devices, control panels and interface lines, the task of which is to ensure the safety of property and life. The functioning of this complex directly depends on how professionally and competently the fire alarm was installed at the functioning facility. Gefest-Alarm LLC offers high-quality service by highly qualified specialists with extensive experience and experience. The work performed by our company’s employees will allow you to obtain a reliable and effective fire alarm system that will ensure the safety of your property, material assets, will save people's lives.

Features of fire alarm installation

Installing a fire alarm requires a careful and professional approach, compliance with requirements, standards and GOST. Activities are divided into the following stages:

• Design;
• Selection and configuration of equipment;
• The actual laying of cables and installation of equipment (detectors, arrangement of a switchboard with a remote control);
• Commissioning works and commissioning.

The design of the future fire alarm system is being created by the experienced engineers of our company. They have developed software for dozens of objects. Each project must be coordinated with customers. Great importance has a selection of necessary equipment.

The stage of direct installation of a fire alarm. This is the work of master installers. Each site where work is carried out is unique in its own way; the true professionalism of an installer lies in flexibility and spatial thinking. A good fire alarm installer and, in general, any low-current system, is a person who knows how to choose the right and most optimal solutions, think not only about your convenience, but also about saving materials and elements. The Gefest-Alarm company employs only good, experienced installers. Our employees have at least 10 years of experience, all of them have necessary approvals and regularly undergo advanced training.

If necessary, it is interfaced with a security alarm system, if provided for by the project, as well as with alarm systems, smoke removal and fire extinguishing systems. The final stage works, adjustment and commissioning of installed equipment. It is necessary to understand that the installation of fire alarm systems in offices and administrative buildings, commercial and public spaces, in production workshops and enterprises, shops, warehouses and other facilities - is expressly stated in the legislation. After completion of the work, certification and state acceptance are carried out by the executive bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Moscow and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The question of choosing an APS

The question of choice is a complex one, which should be entrusted only to professionals. Modern threshold, addressable and analogue systems often include various innovative technologies. The data taken from the detectors is sent to the computer, and the decision to trigger an alarm is made by the program. In addition, substations are interfaced with other low-current systems and means of ensuring the life and safety of the building:

• SOUE (notification and evacuation management);
• Security system;
• Firefighting;
• ACS (access control);
• Equipment for smoke removal and ventilation.

Installation of automatic fire alarms is allowed in all premises, with the exception of landings and places with high humidity and the possibility of condensation formation (bathrooms, toilets, steam rooms, etc.). Specialists of GEFEST-ALARM LLC operate under a license in both public and private buildings, dachas, and residential buildings.

Please note that the activity falls under the category of licensed activities. An enterprise offering such services must have permission from the Ministry of Emergency Situations in order to conduct such activities. Our company has all the necessary approvals and licenses and guarantees the implementation of services in the most high level Full construction. We have extensive experience in the installation of automatic fire alarms, we can offer a wide range of different fire alarm systems to protect your property from the consequences of fire. All work is completed on time and in accordance with established standards.

Over the years we have gained extensive experience and have worked with components from numerous manufacturers. Therefore, we know which brands are relevant today, reliable and inexpensive. Our company pays special attention to the last factor. We put the client's interests first. We strive to provide him with solutions that will not only be of high quality, but also fit his budget.

General Director Gafurova R.A.

Cost calculation based on the number of premises and area of ​​the facility

The cost of installing a fire alarm depends on the type of system being installed and the installation location. After all, the choice of PS type is determined by the characteristics of the object. For example, fire alarms are installed in offices or shops at a lower cost. Installed at important and critical facilities automatic system fire alarm system, its cost can be several times higher, but the operating efficiency of such installations is much higher.

Below you can see examples of some calculations for objects different types and purpose, depending on the area. Our prices are among the most affordable in the capital among similar companies. We are focused on cooperation with small and medium-sized businesses.