Every child has a desire to learn the world. An excellent tool for this is experiments. They will be of interest to both preschoolers and primary school children.
Safety rules for conducting home experiments
1. Cover work surface paper or polyethylene.
2. During the experiment, do not lean close to avoid damage to the eyes and skin.
3. If necessary, use gloves.
Experience No. 1. Raisin and Corn Dance
You will need: Raisins, corn kernels, soda, plastic bottle.
Procedure: Soda is poured into a bottle. The raisins are dropped first, then the corn kernels.
Result: The raisins move up and down along with the sparkling water bubbles. But upon reaching the surface, the bubbles burst and the grains fall to the bottom.
Shall we talk? You can talk about what bubbles are and why they rise. Please note that the bubbles are small in size and can carry with them raisins and corn, which are several times larger.
Experience No. 2. Soft glass
You will need: glass rod, gas burner
Progress of the experiment: the rod heats up in the middle. Then it breaks into two halves. Half of the rod is heated by a burner in two places and carefully bent in the shape of a triangle. The second half is also heated, one third is bent, then the finished triangle is put on it and the half is bent completely.
Result: the glass rod turned into two triangles interlocking with each other.
Shall we talk? As a result of thermal exposure, solid glass becomes plastic and viscous. And you can make different shapes from it. What causes glass to become soft? Why does glass no longer bend after cooling?
Experience No. 3. Water rises up the napkin
You will need: plastic cup, napkin, water, markers
Procedure of the experiment: the glass is filled 1/3 with water. The napkin is folded vertically several times to form a narrow rectangle. Then a piece about 5 cm wide is cut from it. This piece must be unrolled to create a long piece. Then step back from the bottom edge about 5-7 cm and start making large dots with each color of the felt-tip pen. A line of colored dots should form.
Then the napkin is placed in a glass of water so that the lower end with the colored line is approximately 1.5 cm in the water.
Result: the water quickly rises up the napkin, covering the entire long piece of napkin with colored stripes.
Shall we talk? Why is water not colorless? How does she rise up? The cellulose fibers that make up tissue paper are porous, and water uses them as a pathway to the top.
Did you like the experience? Then you will also like our special material for children of different ages.
Experience No. 4. Rainbow from water
You will need: a container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.
Procedure of the experiment: a mirror is placed at the bottom of the container. The flashlight shines on the mirror. The light from it must be caught on paper.
Result: a rainbow will be visible on the paper.
Shall we talk? Light is the source of color. There are no paints or markers to color the water, a leaf or a flashlight, but suddenly a rainbow appears. This is a spectrum of colors. What colors do you know?
Experience No. 5. Sweet and colorful
You will need: sugar, multi-colored food colors, 5 glass glasses, a tablespoon.
Progress of the experiment: added to each glass different quantities spoons of sugar. The first glass contains one spoon, the second – two, and so on. The fifth glass remains empty. 3 tablespoons of water are poured into glasses placed in order and mixed. Then a few drops of one paint are added to each glass and mixed. The first one is red, the second one is yellow, the third one is green, and the fourth one is blue. In a clean glass with clear water We begin to add the contents of the glasses, starting with red, then yellow and in order. It should be added very carefully.
Result: 4 multi-colored layers are formed in the glass.
Shall we talk? More sugar increases the density of water. Therefore, this layer will be the lowest in the glass. Red liquid has the least amount of sugar, so it will end up at the top.
Experience No. 6. Gelatin figures
You will need: a glass, a blotter, 10 grams of gelatin, water, animal molds, a plastic bag.
Procedure of the experiment: pour gelatin into 1/4 cup of water and let it swell. Heat it in a water bath and dissolve it (about 50 degrees). Pour the resulting solution onto the bag in an even thin layer and dry. Then cut out animal figures. Place on a blotter or napkin and breathe on the figures.
Result: The figures will begin to bend.
Shall we talk? Breath moistens the gelatin on one side, and because of this, it begins to increase in volume and bend. Alternatively: take 4-5 grams of gelatin, let it swell and then dissolve, then pour it onto glass and put it in the freezer or take it out to the balcony in winter. After a few days, remove the glass and remove the thawed gelatin. It will have a clear pattern of ice crystals.
Experience No. 7. Egg with hairstyle
You will need: an egg shell with a conical part, cotton wool, markers, water, alfalfa seeds, an empty toilet paper roll.
Procedure of the experiment: the shell is installed in the coil so that the conical part is located down. Cotton wool is placed inside, onto which alfalfa seeds are sprinkled and watered generously. You can draw eyes, nose and mouth on the shell and place it on the sunny side.
Result: after 3 days the little man will have “hairs”.
Shall we talk? Soil is not required for grass to sprout. Sometimes even water is enough for sprouts to appear.
Experience No. 8. Draws the sun
You will need: flat small objects (you can cut out figures from foam rubber), a sheet of black paper.
Procedure for the experiment: Place black paper in a place where the sun shines brightly. Place stencils, figures, and children’s molds loosely on sheets.
Result: When the sun sets, you can remove objects and see the prints of the sun.
Shall we talk? When exposed to sunlight, the black color fades. Why did the paper remain dark where the figures were?
Experience No. 10. Color in milk
You will need: milk, food coloring, cotton swab, dishwashing detergent.
Procedure of the experiment: a little food coloring is poured into the milk. After a short wait, the milk begins to move. The results are patterns, stripes, twisted lines. You can add another color, blow on the milk. Then a cotton swab is dipped in dishwashing liquid and placed in the center of the plate. The dyes begin to move more intensely, mix, forming circles.
Result: various patterns, spirals, circles, spots are formed in the plate.
Shall we talk? Milk is made up of fat molecules. When the product appears, the molecules are broken, which leads to their rapid movement. That's why the dyes are mixed.
Experience No. 10. Waves in a bottle
You will need: sunflower oil, water, bottle, food coloring.
Procedure of the experiment: water is poured into the bottle (a little more than half) and mixed with the dye. Then add ¼ cup of vegetable oil. The bottle is carefully twisted and placed on its side so that the oil rises to the surface. We begin to swing the bottle back and forth, thereby forming waves.
Result: waves form on the oily surface, like on the sea.
Shall we talk? The density of oil is less than the density of water. Therefore it is on the surface. Waves are upper layer water moving due to the direction of the wind. The lower layers of water remain motionless.
Experience No. 11. Colored drops
You will need: a container of water, mixing containers, BF glue, toothpicks, acrylic paints.
Procedure of the experiment: BF glue is squeezed into containers. A specific dye is added to each container. And then they are placed in water one by one.
Result: Colored drops are attracted to each other, forming multi-colored islands.
Shall we talk? Liquids with the same density attract, and liquids with different densities repel.
Experiment No. 12. Drawing with a magnet
You will need: magnets of different shapes, iron filings, a sheet of paper, a paper cup.
Procedure of the experiment: place sawdust in a glass. Place the magnets on the table and cover each with a sheet of paper. poured onto paper thin layer sawdust
Result: Lines and patterns form around the magnets.
Shall we talk? Every magnet has a magnetic field. This is the space in which metal objects move as the attraction of a magnet dictates. A circle is formed near a round magnet, since its field of attraction is the same everywhere. Why does a rectangular magnet have a different sawdust pattern?
Experiment No. 13. Lava lamp
You will need: Two wine glasses, two tablets of effervescent aspirin, sunflower oil, two types of juice.
Progress of the experiment: the glasses are filled with juice approximately 2/3. Then sunflower oil is added so that three centimeters remain to the edge of the glass. An aspirin tablet is thrown into each glass.
Result: the contents of the glasses will begin to hiss, bubble, and foam will rise.
Shall we talk? What reaction does aspirin cause? Why? Do the layers of juice and oil mix? Why?
Experiment No. 14. The box is rolling
You will need: a shoe box, a ruler, 10 round markers, scissors, a ruler, a balloon.
Procedure of the experiment: the smaller side of the box is cut out square hole. The ball is placed in the box so that its hole can be slightly pulled out of the square. You need to inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. Then put all the markers under the box and release the ball.
Result: While the ball is deflating, the box will move. When all the air is out, the box will move a little more and stop.
Shall we talk? Objects change their state of rest or, as in our case, uniform motion in a straight line, if a force begins to act on them. And the desire to maintain the previous state, before the impact of force, is inertia. What role does the ball play? What force prevents the box from moving further? (friction force)
Experiment No. 15. false mirror
You will need: a mirror, a pencil, four books, paper.
Progress of the experiment: books are stacked and a mirror is leaned against them. Paper is placed under its edge. Left hand placed in front of a sheet of paper. The chin is placed on the hand so that you can only look in the mirror, but not at the sheet. Looking in the mirror, write your name on the paper. Now look at the paper.
Result: almost all letters are upside down, except for symmetrical ones.
Shall we talk? The mirror changes the image. That's why they say "in mirror image" So you can come up with your own, unusual cipher.
Experiment No. 16. Living mirror
You will need: a straight transparent glass, a small mirror, tape
Procedure of the experiment: the glass is attached to the mirror with tape. Water is poured into it to the brim. You need to bring your face closer to the glass.
Result: The image is reduced in size. By tilting your head to the right, you can see in the mirror how it tilts to the left.
Shall we talk? Water refracts the image, but the mirror distorts it slightly.
Experiment No. 17. Flame imprint
You will need: a tin can, a candle, a sheet of paper.
Procedure for the experiment: wrap the jar tightly with a piece of paper and keep it in the candle flame for several seconds.
Result: removing a sheet of paper, you can see an imprint on it in the form of a candle flame.
Shall we talk? The paper is pressed tightly to the can and does not have access to oxygen, which means it does not burn.
Experiment No. 18. Silver egg
You will need: wire, a container of water, matches, a candle, a boiled egg.
Progress of the experiment: a stand is created from wire. The boiled egg is peeled, placed on a wire, and a candle is placed under it. The egg is turned evenly until smoked. Then it is removed from the wire and lowered into the water.
Result: After some time, the top layer clears and the egg turns silver.
Shall we talk? What changed the color of the egg? What has it become? Let's cut it open and see what it's like inside.
Experience No. 19. Saving spoon
You will need: A teaspoon, a glass mug with a handle, twine.
Procedure for the experiment: one end of the string is tied to a spoon, the other end to the handle of a mug. The string is thrown over the index finger so that there is a spoon on one side and a mug on the other, and is released.
Result: The glass will not fall, the spoon, having risen to the top, will remain near the finger.
Shall we talk? The inertia of the teaspoon saves the mug from falling.
Experience No. 20. Painted flowers
You will need: flowers with white petals, water containers, a knife, water, food coloring.
Procedure of the experiment: containers need to be filled with water and a certain dye must be added to each. One flower should be set aside, and the rest should be trimmed with a sharp knife. This needs to be done in warm water, diagonally at an angle of 45 degrees, by 2 cm. When moving flowers into containers with dyes, you need to hold the cut with your finger so as not to form air jams. Having placed the flowers in containers with dyes, you need to take the set aside flowers. Cut its stem lengthwise into two parts to the center. Place one part of the stem in a red container, and the second in a blue or green container.
Result: water will rise up the stems and color the petals different colors. This will happen in about a day.
Shall we talk? Examine each part of the flower to see how the water rose. Are the stem and leaves painted? How long will the color last?
We wish you an exciting time and new knowledge while conducting experiments for children!
The experiments were collected by Tamara Gerasimovich
The ability to see miracles in everyday objects distinguishes a genius from other people. Formed creativity in early childhood, when the baby inquisitively studies the world around him. Scientific experiments, including experiments with water, – easy way interest the child natural sciences and a great family activity.
From this article you will learn
Why water is good for home experiments
Water is an ideal substance for learning about the physical properties of objects. The advantages of the substance we are familiar with are:
- accessibility and low cost;
- the ability to exist in three states: solid, vapor and liquid;
- the ability to easily dissolve various substances;
- the transparency of the water ensures the clarity of the experience: the baby will be able to explain the result of the study himself;
- safety and non-toxicity of substances necessary for experiments: the child can touch with his hands everything that interests him;
- no additional tools and equipment, special skills and knowledge are needed;
- You can conduct research both at home and in kindergarten.
The complexity of the experiments depends on the age of the child and the level of his knowledge. It is better to start experiments with water for children with simple manipulations, in senior group Preschool or at home.
Experiments for kids (4-6 years old)
All little children enjoy the process of pouring and mixing liquids of different colors. The first lessons can be devoted to getting to know the organoleptic properties of the substance: taste, smell, color.
Children in the preparatory group can be asked how they differ mineral water and sea. In kindergarten, the results of research do not need to be proven and what is happening can be explained in accessible words.
Transparency experience
You will need two transparent glasses: one with water, the other with an opaque liquid, such as tomato juice, milk, cocktail tubes or spoons. Immerse objects in each container and ask the kids in which of the cups the straw is visible and in which not? Why? Which substance is transparent and which is impenetrable?
Drowning - not drowning
You need to prepare two glasses of water, salt and a raw fresh egg. Add salt to one of the glasses at the rate of two tablespoons per glass. If you put an egg in a clean liquid, it will sink to the bottom, and if you put it in a salty liquid, it will appear on the surface of the water. The child will develop a concept of the density of matter. If you take large capacity and gradually add fresh water in salted water, the egg will gradually sink.
Freezing
On initial stage It will be enough to pour water into the mold with the child and put it in the freezer. You can watch together the process of melting an ice cube, and speed up the process by touching it with your fingers.
Then complicate the experiment: put a thick thread on an ice cube and sprinkle the surface with salt. After a few moments, everything will grab together and the cube can be lifted up by the thread.
A fascinating sight is represented by melting cubes of colored ice placed in a transparent container with vegetable oil (you can take baby oil). Droplets of water sinking to the bottom form a bizarre pattern that is constantly changing.
Steam is also water
For the experiment, you need to boil water. Notice to the children how steam rises above the surface. Hold a mirror or glass saucer over a container of hot liquid, such as a thermos. Show how droplets flow from it. Make a conclusion: if you heat water, it will turn into steam; when cooled, it will turn into a liquid state again.
"CONSPIRACY"
It's not an experience, but rather a focus. Before starting the experiment, ask the kids if water in a closed container can change color under a magic spell. In front of the children, say a spell, shake the jar, and the colorless liquid will become colored.
The secret is that water-soluble paint, watercolor or gouache is applied to the lid of the container in advance. When shaken, the water washes away the paint layer and changes color. The main thing is not to turn the inside of the lid towards the audience.
Broken pencil
The simplest experiment demonstrating the refraction of an image in a liquid is placing a tube or pencil in a transparent glass filled with water. The part of the product immersed in liquid will appear deformed, causing the pencil to appear broken.
The optical properties of water can also be checked in this way: take two eggs of the same size and immerse one of them in water. One will appear larger than the other.
Expansion on freezing
Take plastic cocktail straws, cover one end with plasticine, fill with water to the brim and seal. Place the straw in the freezer. After a while, notice to the baby that the liquid, freezing, expanded and displaced the plasticine plugs. Explain that water can rupture a container if exposed to low temperatures.
Dry cloth
Place a dry paper napkin at the bottom of an empty glass. Turn it over and lower it vertically into a bowl of water with the edges down to the bottom. Prevent liquid from getting inside by holding the glass with force. Also remove the glass from the water in a vertical direction.
If everything is done correctly, the paper in the glass will not get wet; air pressure will prevent this. Tell the children the story of a diving bell that can be used to lower people to the bottom of a body of water.
Submarine
Place a tube in a glass filled with water and bend it in the lower third. We immerse the glass completely upside down in a container of water so that part of the straw is on the surface. We blow into it, the air instantly fills the glass, it jumps out of the water and turns over.
You can tell the children that fish use this technique: to sink to the bottom, they compress the air bubble with their muscles, and some of the air comes out of it. To rise to the surface, they pump up air and float up.
Bucket rotation
To carry out this experiment, it is advisable to call your dad for help. The procedure is as follows: take a strong bucket with a strong handle and fill it halfway with water. A more spacious place is chosen; it is advisable to conduct the experiment in nature. You need to take the bucket by the handle and quickly rotate it so that the water does not spill. When the experiment is over, you can watch the splashes spilling out of the bucket.
If your child is old enough, explain that liquid is held in place by centrifugal force. You can experience its effect on attractions whose operating principle is based on circular motion.
Vanishing coin
To demonstrate this experiment, fill a quart jar with water and close the lid. Take out a coin and give it to the baby so that he can be convinced that it is an ordinary one. Have your child place it on the table and you place the jar on top. Ask your child if he sees the money. Remove the container and the coin will be visible again.
floating paper clip
Before starting the experiment, ask your child whether metal objects sink in water. If he finds it difficult to answer, throw a paper clip vertically into the water. She will sink to the bottom. Tell your child that you know a magic spell to keep the paperclip from sinking. Using a flat hook bent from a second specimen, slowly and carefully place a horizontal paperclip on the surface of the water.
To prevent the product from completely sinking to the bottom, first rub it with a candle. The trick can be carried out thanks to a property of water called surface tension.
Anti-spill glass
For another experiment based on the properties of surface tension of water, you will need:
- transparent smooth glass glass;
- a handful of small metal objects: nuts, washers, coins;
- oil, mineral or vegetable;
- chilled water.
Before conducting the experiment, you need to grease the edges of a clean, dry glass with oil. Fill it with water and lower the metal objects one at a time. The surface of the water will no longer be flat and will begin to rise above the edges of the glass. At some point, the film on the surface will burst and the liquid will spill. Oil in this experiment is needed to reduce the connection between water and the surface of the glass.
Flowers on the water
Required materials and tools:
- paper of different densities and colors, cardboard;
- scissors;
- glue;
- wide container with water: basin, deep tray, dish.
The preparatory stage is making flowers. Cut the paper into squares with a side of 15 centimeters. Fold each one in half and then double again. Randomly cut out the petals. Bend them in half so that the petals form a bud. Dip each flower into the prepared water.
Gradually the flowers will begin to open. The speed of unraveling will depend on the density of the paper. The petals straighten due to swelling of the fibers of the material.
Treasure Hunt
Collect small toys, coins, beads and freeze them in one or more pieces of ice. The essence of the game is that as it thaws, objects will appear on the surface. To speed up the process, you can use kitchen utensils and various instruments: forks, tweezers, knife with a safe blade. If several children are playing, you can arrange a competition.
Everything is absorbed
The experience introduces the child to the ability of objects to absorb liquids. To do this, take a sponge and a plate of water. Dip the sponge into the plate and watch with your child as the water rises and the sponge becomes wet. Experiment with different items, some have the ability to absorb liquids, and some do not.
Ice cubes
Children love to freeze water. Experiment with them with shapes and colors: kids will make sure that the liquid follows the shape of the container in which it is placed. Freeze the colored water into cubes, first insert toothpicks or straws into each.
From the freezer you will get a lot of colorful boats. Put on paper sails and lower the boats into the water. The ice will begin to melt, forming bizarre colored stains: this is the diffusion of liquid.
Experiments with water of different temperatures
Process stages and conditions:
- Prepare four identical glass glasses, watercolor paints or food coloring.
- Pour into two glasses cold water, at two - warm.
- Color warm water black and cold water yellow.
- Place a glass with cold water into a plate, cover the container with warm black liquid with a plastic card, turn it over and place it so that the glasses are located symmetrically.
- Carefully remove the card, being careful not to dislodge the glasses.
- Cold and warm water will not mix due to the properties of physics.
Repeat the experiment, but this time place a glass of hot water down.
Conduct all experiments in kindergarten in a playful way.
Experiments for schoolchildren
Water tricks for schoolchildren should be explained already in primary class, introducing the simplest scientific concepts, then the young magician will easily master both physics and chemistry in grades 8–11.
Color layers
Take a plastic bottle, fill a third of it with vegetable oil, a third with water, and leave another third empty. Pour food coloring into the bottle and seal it with a lid. A child can see that oil is lighter than air, and water is heavier.
The oil will remain unchanged, but the water will be colored. If you shake the bottle, the layers will shift, but after a few moments everything will be as it was. When placing the container in the freezer, the layer of oil will sink to the bottom and the water will freeze on top.
Sippy sieve
Everyone knows that you cannot hold water in a sieve. Show your child a trick: grease a sieve with oil and shake. Carefully pour some water along the inside edge of the sieve. Water will not flow out, since it will be retained by the oil film. But if you run your finger along the bottom, it will collapse and the liquid will flow out.
Experiment with glycerin
The experiment can be carried out on the eve of the New Year. Take a jar with a screw top, a small plastic toy, glitter, glue and glycerin. Glue the toy, Christmas tree, snowman to inside covers.
Pour water into a jar, add glitter and glycerin. Close the lid tightly with the figurine inside and turn the container over. Thanks to glycerin, the sparkles will swirl beautifully around the figure if you regularly turn the structure over. The jar can be given as a gift.
Making a cloud
It's more of an environmental experiment. If your child asks you what clouds are made of, do this experiment with water. Pour into a 3 liter jar hot water, approximately 2.5 centimeters. Place pieces of ice on a saucer or baking sheet and place on the jar so that the neck is completely closed.
Soon a cloud of fog (steam) forms inside the container. You can draw your preschooler's attention to the condensation and explain why it is raining.
Tornado
Often both children and adults are interested in how such an atmospheric phenomenon as a tornado is formed. Together with your children, you can answer this question by arranging the following experiment with water, which consists of the following steps:
- Prepare two 2-liter plastic bottles, tape, and a metal washer with a diameter of 2.5.
- Fill one of the bottles with water and place a washer on the neck.
- Turn the second bottle over, place it on top of the first and rewind tightly top part Tape both bottles with tape to prevent water from spilling out.
- Turn the structure over so that the water bottle is on top.
- Create a hurricane: start rotating the device in a spiral. The flowing stream will turn into a mini-tornado.
- Observe the process happening in the bottles.
A tornado can also be created in a bank. To do this, fill it with water, not reaching the edges by 4-5 centimeters, add dishwashing detergent. Close the lid tightly and shake the jar.
Rainbow
You can explain the origin of the rainbow to your child as follows. In a sunny room, place a wide container of water and place a sheet of white paper next to it. Place a mirror in the container, catch a ray of sunlight with it, and direct it towards the sheet so that a spectrum appears. You can use a flashlight.
Lord of matches
Pour water into a plate and let it float on the surface of the match. Dip a piece of sugar or soap into the water: in the first case, the matches will gather around the piece, in the second, they will float away from it. This happens because sugar increases the surface tension of water, while soap decreases it.
Water flows up
Place white flowers in a container of water colored with food coloring, preferably carnations or pale green plants such as celery. After some time, the flowers will change color. You can do it simpler: use white paper napkins, not flowers, in the experiment with water.
An interesting effect can be achieved if one edge of the towel is placed in water of a certain color, and the other in another, contrasting shade.
Water from thin air
Home exciting experience clearly shows how the condensation process occurs. To do this, take glass jar, fill it with ice cubes, add a spoonful of salt, shake several times and close the lid. In about 10 minutes outer surface droplets of water will appear in the jars.
For clarity, wrap it in a paper towel and make sure there is enough water. Tell your child where in nature you can see the process of water condensation: for example, on cold stones under the sun.
Paper cover
If you turn a glass of water over, it will spill out. Can a sheet of paper hold water? To answer the question, cut out a flat lid from thick paper that is 2-3 centimeters larger than the diameter of the edges of the glass.
Fill the glass about halfway with water, place a piece of paper on top and carefully turn it over. Due to air pressure, the liquid must remain in the container.
Thanks to this joke, a student can earn popularity among his classmates.
Soap Volcano
You will need: detergent, soda, vinegar, cardboard for the “volcano”, iodine. Pour water, vinegar, dish soap and a few drops of iodine or other dye into a glass. Make a cone out of dark cardboard and wrap the container with the ingredients so that the edges touch. Pour baking soda into a glass and the volcano will begin to erupt.
Spark plug pump
This fun water trick demonstrates the power of gravity. Take a small candle, place it on a saucer and light it. Pour some colored water into a saucer. Cover the candle with a glass, the liquid will gradually be drawn into it. The explanation lies in the change in pressure inside the container.
Growing Crystals
The result of this experience will be obtaining beautiful crystals on the surface of the wire. To grow them you need strong solution salt. You can determine whether the solution is sufficiently saturated by adding a new portion of salt. If it no longer dissolves, the solution is ready. The cleaner the water, the better.
To clear the solution of debris, pour it into another container. Dip a wire with a loop at the end into the solution and place everything in a warm place. To obtain patterned crafts, twist the wire as required. After a few days, the wire becomes covered with salt “snow”.
Dancing coin
You need a glass bottle, a coin and water. Place the empty bottle without the cap in the freezer for 10 minutes. Place a coin soaked in water on the neck of the bottle. In less than a minute cold air when heated, it will expand and begin to displace the coin, causing it to bounce on the surface.
Magic ball
Tools and materials: vinegar, baking soda, lemon, glass, balloon, bottle, electrical tape and funnel.
Process progress:
- Pour water into a bottle, add a teaspoon of soda.
- Mix three tablespoons of vinegar and lemon juice.
- Quickly pour the mixture into the water bottle through the funnel and place the ball on the neck of the bottle containing the water and soda mixture. The reaction will occur instantly: the composition will begin to “boil” and the balloon will inflate as air is displaced.
To ensure that air from the bottle gets only into the ball, wrap the neck with electrical tape.
Balls in a frying pan
If you pour a little water onto a hot surface, it will disappear (evaporate). When you add another portion, balls resembling mercury form in the pan.
Burning liquid
Cover the working surface of the sparklers with tape, leaving the tips, set them on fire and place them in a transparent vessel with water. The sticks will not go out, thanks to their chemical composition in water, their fire burns even brighter, creating the effect of a flaming liquid.
Water management
The intensity of sound is another means of changing the direction of fluid flow. The result can be observed using a powerful speaker. Under the influence of music or other sound effects, water takes on a bizarre, fantastic shape, forming foam and mini-fountains.
Rainbow water
The cognitive experiment is based on changes in the density of water. For the process, take four small glasses of water, dyes, a syringe and granulated sugar.
Add dye to the first glass and leave for a while. In the remaining mixture, dissolve 1, 2 and 3 teaspoons of sugar and dyes of different colors in succession. Unsweetened liquid is poured into a transparent glass with a syringe. Then, using a syringe, water is carefully released to the bottom, to which 0.5 teaspoon of sugar is added.
Third and fourth steps: a solution with an average and maximum concentration is released in the same way: closer to the bottom. If everything is done correctly, the glass will contain water with multi-colored layers.
colorful lamp
The cool experience delights not only children 5-6 years old, but also primary schoolchildren and teenagers. Pour into a glass or plastic bottle equal parts water and sunflower oil, add dye. The process is started by dropping an effervescent aspirin tablet into water. The effect will be enhanced if this experiment is carried out in dark room, providing illumination using a flashlight.
Ice Formation
For the trick you will need a 0.5 liter plastic bottle filled with distilled water without gas and a freezer. Place the container in the freezer, after 2 hours, take it out and sharply hit it on a hard surface.
The water will begin to turn into ice before your eyes. The experiment is explained by the composition of distilled water: it lacks centers responsible for crystallization. After impact, bubbles appear in the liquid and the freezing process begins.
This is not all the manipulations carried out with water. Substances such as starch, clay, and shampoo change its properties beyond recognition. Children aged 6-7 years can easily do almost all experiments themselves in the kitchen or experiment under the supervision of their parents by watching a video tutorial or explanatory pictures.
More cool experiments are shown in this video.
If necessary, the small chemist should be offered advice or assistance. It’s even better to do all the research together: even adults will discover many amazing properties of water.
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Home experiments for 4-year-old children require imagination and knowledge of the simple laws of chemistry and physics. “If these sciences were not taught very well at school, you will have to make up for lost time,” many parents will think. This is not so, experiments can be very simple, not requiring special knowledge, skills and reagents, but at the same time explaining the fundamental laws of nature.
Experiments for children at home will help to practical example explain the properties of substances and the laws of their interaction, will awaken interest in independent exploration of the world around us. Interesting physical experiments They will teach children to be observant, help them think logically, establishing patterns between ongoing events and their consequences. Perhaps the kids will not become great chemists, physicists or mathematicians, but they will forever retain warm memories of parental attention in their souls.
From this article you will learn
Unfamiliar paper
Kids like to make appliqués out of paper and draw pictures. Some 4-year-old children learn the art of origami with their parents. Everyone knows that paper is soft or thick, white or colored. What can an ordinary person do? White list paper, if you experiment with it?
An animated paper flower
Cut out a star from a sheet of paper. Its rays bend inward in the form of a flower. Fill a cup with water and lower the star onto the surface of the water. Over time paper flower, as if alive, will begin to open up. The water will wet the cellulose fibers that make up the paper and spread them out.
Strong bridge
This paper experiment will be interesting for children 3 years old. Ask the kids how to put it in the middle thin sheet paper between two glasses of an apple so that it does not fall. How can you make a paper bridge strong enough to support the weight of an apple? We fold a sheet of paper into an accordion shape and place it on the supports. Now it can support the weight of the apple. This can be explained by the fact that the shape of the structure has changed, which made the paper strong enough. The properties of materials that become stronger depending on their shape are the basis for the designs of many architectural creations, for example, the Eiffel Tower.
An animated snake
Scientific evidence for the upward movement of warm air can be provided using simple experience. A snake is cut out of paper by cutting a circle in a spiral. You can revive a paper snake very simply. A small hole is made in her head and suspended by a thread above a heat source (battery, heater, burning candle). The snake will begin to rotate quickly. The reason for this phenomenon is the upward warm flow of air, which unwinds the paper snake. This is exactly how you can make paper birds or butterflies, beautiful and colorful, by hanging them under the ceiling in your apartment. They will rotate from the movement of air, as if flying.
Who is stronger
This interesting experiment will help determine which paper shape is more durable. For the experiment you will need three sheets of office paper, glue and several thin books. A column is glued from one sheet of paper cylindrical, from another - triangular in shape, and from the third - rectangular. They place the “columns” vertically and test them for strength, carefully placing books on top. As a result of the experiment, it turns out that the triangular column is the weakest, and the cylindrical column is the strongest - it will withstand heaviest weight. It is not for nothing that columns in churches and buildings are made in a cylindrical shape; the load on them is distributed evenly over the entire area.
Amazing salt
Regular salt is found in every home today; no meal can be prepared without it. You can try making beautiful children's crafts from this affordable product. All you need is salt, water, wire and a little patience.
Salt has interesting properties. It can attract water to itself, dissolving in it, thereby increasing the density of the solution. But in a supersaturated solution, the salt again turns into crystals.
To conduct an experiment with salt, bend a beautiful symmetrical snowflake or other figure from a wire. In a jar with warm water dissolve the salt until it stops dissolving. Dip a bent wire into a jar and place it in the shade for several days. As a result, the wire will become overgrown with salt crystals, and will look like a beautiful ice snowflake that will not melt.
Water and ice
Water exists in three states of aggregation: steam, liquid and ice. The purpose of this experiment is to introduce children to the properties of water and ice and compare them.
Pour water into 4 ice trays and place them in the freezer. To make it more interesting, you can tint the water with different dyes before freezing. Pour cold water into a cup and throw two ice cubes into it. Simple ice boats or icebergs will float on the surface of the water. This experiment will prove that ice is lighter than water.
While the boats are floating, the remaining ice cubes are sprinkled with salt. They'll see what happens. After a short time, before the indoor float in the cup has time to sink (if the water is quite cold), the cubes sprinkled with salt will begin to crumble. This is explained by the fact that the freezing point of salt water is lower than normal water.
Fire that doesn't burn
In ancient times, when Egypt was a powerful country, Moses fled from the wrath of Pharaoh and tended flocks in the desert. One day he saw a strange bush that was burning and did not burn. It was a special fire. Can objects that are engulfed in ordinary flame remain safe and sound? Yes, this is possible, this can be proven through experience.
For the experiment you will need a sheet of paper or a banknote. A tablespoon of alcohol and two tablespoons of water. The paper is moistened with water so that the water is absorbed into it, alcohol is poured on top and set on fire. Fire appears. This is burning alcohol. When the fire goes out, the paper will remain intact. Experimental result The explanation is very simple - the combustion temperature of alcohol, as a rule, is not enough to evaporate the moisture with which the paper is saturated.
Natural indicators
If your child wants to feel like a real chemist, you can make for him special paper, which will change color depending on the acidity of the environment.
The natural indicator is prepared from the juice of red cabbage, which contains anthocyanin. This substance changes color depending on what liquid it comes into contact with. In an acidic solution, paper soaked in anthocyanin will turn red. yellow, V neutral solution will turn green, and in alkaline - blue.
To prepare a natural indicator, take filter paper, a head of red cabbage, cheesecloth and scissors. Chop the cabbage thinly and squeeze the juice through cheesecloth, squeezing it with your hands. Soak a sheet of paper in juice and dry. Then cut the made indicator into strips. The child can dip a piece of paper into four different liquids: milk, juice, tea or soap solution, and watch how the color of the indicator changes.
Electrification by friction
In ancient times, people noticed the special ability of amber to attract light objects if rubbed with a woolen cloth. They did not yet have knowledge about electricity, so they explained this property by the spirit living in the stone. It is from the Greek name for amber - electron - that the word electricity comes.
Such amazing properties not only amber has. You can conduct a simple experiment to see how a glass rod or plastic comb attracts small pieces of paper. To do this, rub the glass with silk and the plastic with wool. They will begin to attract small pieces of paper that will stick to them. Over time, this ability of items will disappear.
You can discuss with children that this phenomenon occurs due to electrification by friction. If fabric rubs quickly against an object, sparks may appear. Lightning in the sky and thunder are also a consequence of friction air flow and the occurrence of electrical discharges in the atmosphere.
Solutions of different densities - interesting details
You can get a multi-colored rainbow in a glass from liquids of different colors by preparing jelly and pouring it layer by layer. But there is a simpler way, although not as tasty.
To carry out the experiment you will need sugar, vegetable oil, plain water and dyes. Concentrated sweet syrup is prepared from sugar, and clean water is colored with dye. Sugar syrup is poured into a glass, then clean water is poured carefully along the wall of the glass so that the liquids do not mix, and vegetable oil is added at the end. The sugar syrup should be cold and the colored water should be warm. All liquids will remain in the glass like a small rainbow, without mixing with each other. The thickest sugar syrup will be at the bottom, the water will be at the top, and the lightest oil will be on top of the water.
Color explosion
Another interesting experiment can be carried out using different densities of vegetable oil and water, creating a color explosion in a jar. For the experiment you will need a jar of water, a few tablespoons of vegetable oil, and food coloring. In a small container, mix several dry food colors with two tablespoons of vegetable oil. Dry grains of dyes do not dissolve in oil. Now the oil is poured into a jar of water. Heavy grains of dye will settle to the bottom, gradually freeing themselves from the oil, which will remain on the surface of the water, forming colored swirls, as if from an explosion.
Home volcano
Useful geographic knowledge may not be so boring for a four-year-old if you provide a visual demonstration of a volcano erupting on an island. To carry out the experiment you will need baking soda, vinegar, 50 ml of water and the same amount of detergent.
Small a plastic cup or the bottle is placed in the mouth of a volcano, sculpted from colored plasticine. But first, baking soda is poured into a glass, water tinted red and detergent are poured. When the improvised volcano is ready, a little vinegar is poured into its mouth. A rapid foaming process begins due to the fact that soda and vinegar react. “Lava” formed by red foam begins to pour out of the volcano’s mouth.
Experiments for 4-year-old children, as you have seen, do not require complex reagents. But they are no less fascinating, especially with an interesting story about the reason for what is happening.
Friends, good afternoon! Agree, how interesting it is sometimes to surprise our little ones! They have such a funny reaction to . It shows that they are ready to learn, ready to absorb new material. The whole world opens up at this moment before them and for them! And we, parents, act as real wizards with a hat from which we “pull out” something incredibly interesting, new and very important!
What will we get out of the “magic” hat today? We have 25 experimental experiments there for children and adults. They will be prepared for kids of different ages in order to interest them and involve them in the process. Some can be carried out without any preparation, using handy tools that each of us has at home. For others, we will buy some materials so that everything goes smoothly. Well? I wish us all good luck and move forward!
Today will be a real holiday! And in our program:
So let's decorate the holiday by preparing an experiment for a birthday, New Year, March 8, etc.
Ice soap bubbles
What do you think will happen if simple bubbles that are tiny in 4 years loves to inflate them, run after them and burst them, inflate them in the cold. Or rather, straight into a snowdrift.
I'll give you a hint:
- they will burst immediately!
- take off and fly away!
- will freeze!
Whatever you choose, I can tell you right away, it will surprise you! Can you imagine what will happen to the little one?!
But in slow motion it’s just a fairy tale!
I'm complicating the question. Is it possible to repeat the experiment in the summer in order to get a similar option?
Choose answers:
- Yes. But you need ice from the refrigerator.
You know, although I really want to tell you everything, this is exactly what I won’t do! Let there be at least one surprise for you too!
Paper vs water
The real one is waiting for us experiment. Is it really possible for paper to defeat water? This is a challenge for everyone who plays Rock-Paper-Scissors!
What we need:
- Paper;
- Water in a glass.
Cover the glass. It would be good if its edges were a little damp, then the paper would stick. Carefully turn the glass over... The water does not leak!
Let's inflate balloons without breathing?
We have already carried out chemical children's experiments. Remember, the very first room for very little babies was a room with vinegar and soda. So, let's continue! And we use the energy, or rather, the air, that is released during the reaction for peaceful and inflatable purposes.
Ingredients:
- Soda;
- Plastic bottle;
- Vinegar;
- Ball.
Pour soda into the bottle and fill 1/3 with vinegar. Shake lightly and quickly pull the ball onto the neck. When it is inflated, bandage it and remove it from the bottle.
Such a small experience can show even in kindergarten.
Rain from a cloud
We need:
- Jar of water;
- Shaving foam;
- Food coloring (any color, several colors possible).
We make a cloud of foam. A big and beautiful cloud! Entrust this to the best cloud maker, your child. 5 years. He will definitely make her real!
author of the photo
All that remains is to distribute the dye over the cloud, and... drip-drip! Rain is coming!
Rainbow
Maybe, physics the children are still unknown. But after they make Rainbow, they will definitely love this science!
- Deep transparent container with water;
- Mirror;
- Flashlight;
- Paper.
Place a mirror at the bottom of the container. Under small angle shine a flashlight on the mirror. All that remains is to catch the Rainbow on paper.
Even easier is to use a disk and a flashlight.
Crystals
There is a similar, but already finished game. But our experience interesting the fact that we ourselves, from the very beginning, will grow crystals from salt in water. To do this, take a thread or wire. And let's keep it for several days in such salty water, where the salt can no longer dissolve, but accumulates in a layer on the wire.
Can be grown from sugar
Lava jar
If you add oil to a jar of water, it will all accumulate on top. It can be tinted with food coloring. But in order for the bright oil to sink to the bottom, you need to pour salt on top of it. Then the oil will settle. But not for long. The salt will gradually dissolve and release beautiful droplets of oil. The colored oil rises gradually, as if a mysterious volcano is bubbling inside the jar.
Eruption
For toddlers 7 years It will be very interesting to blow up, demolish, destroy something. In a word, this is a real element of nature for them. and therefore we create a real, exploding volcano!
We sculpt from plasticine or make a “mountain” from cardboard. We place a jar inside it. Yes, so that its neck fits the “crater”. Fill the jar with soda, dye, warm water and... vinegar. And everything will begin to “explode, lava will rush up and flood everything around!
A hole in the bag is not a problem
This is what convinces book scientific experiments for children and adults Dmitry Mokhov "Simple Science". And we can check this statement ourselves! First, fill the bag with water. and then we'll pierce it. But we won’t remove what we pierced with (a pencil, a toothpick or a pin). How much water will we leak? Let's check!
Water that doesn't spill
Only such water still needs to be produced.
Take water, paint and starch (as much as water) and mix. The end result is just plain water. You just can't spill it!
"Slippery" egg
In order for the egg to actually fit into the neck of the bottle, you need to set fire to the piece of paper and throw it into the bottle. Cover the hole with an egg. When the fire goes out, the egg will slip inside.
Snow in summer
This trick is especially interesting to repeat in the warm season. Remove the contents of the diapers and wet them with water. All! The snow is ready! Nowadays such snow is easy to find in children's toys in stores. Ask the seller for artificial snow. And there is no need to ruin diapers.
Moving snakes
To make a moving figure we will need:
- Sand;
- Alcohol;
- Sugar;
- Soda;
- Fire.
Pour alcohol onto a pile of sand and let it soak. Then pour sugar and baking soda on top and set it on fire! Oh, what a funny this experiment! Children and adults will love what the animated snake gets up to!
Of course, this is for older children. And it looks pretty scary!
Battery train
The copper wire, which we twist into an even spiral, will become our tunnel. How? Let's connect its edges, forming a round tunnel. But before that, we “launch” the battery inside, only attaching neodymium magnets to its edges. And consider that you have invented a perpetual motion machine! The locomotive moved on its own.
Candle swing
To light both ends of the candle, you need to clear the wax from the bottom down to the wick. Heat a needle over the fire and pierce the candle in the middle with it. Place the candle on 2 glasses so that it rests on the needle. Burn the edges and shake slightly. Then the candle itself will swing.
Elephant tooth paste
The elephant needs everything big and a lot. Let's do it! Dissolve potassium permanganate in water. Add liquid soap. The last ingredient, hydrogen peroxide, turns our mixture into a giant elephant paste!
Let's drink a candle
For greater effect, color the water bright color. Place a candle in the middle of the saucer. We set it on fire and cover it with a transparent container. Pour water into a saucer. At first the water will be around the container, but then it will all be saturated inside, towards the candle.
Oxygen is burned, the pressure inside the glass decreases and
A real chameleon
What will help our chameleon change color? Cunning! Instruct your little one 6 years Decorate a plastic plate in different colors. And cut out the chameleon figure yourself on another plate, similar in shape and size. All that remains is to loosely connect both plates in the middle so that the top one, with the cut out figure, can rotate. Then the color of the animal will always change.
Light up the rainbow
Place Skittles in a circle on a plate. Pour water inside the plate. Just wait a little and we get a rainbow!
Smoke rings
Cut off the bottom plastic bottle. And stretch the edge of the cut balloon to get a membrane, as in the photo. Light an incense stick and place it in the bottle. Close the lid. When there is continuous smoke in the jar, unscrew the lid and tap on the membrane. Smoke will come out in rings.
Multicolored liquid
To make everything look more impressive, paint the liquid in different colors. Make 2-3 batches of multi-colored water. Pour water of the same color into the bottom of the jar. Then carefully, along the wall with different sides pour in vegetable oil. Pour water mixed with alcohol over it.
Egg without shell
Place a raw egg in vinegar for at least a day, some say for a week. And the trick is ready! An egg without a hard shell.
The egg shell contains calcium in abundance. Vinegar reacts actively with calcium and gradually dissolves it. As a result, the egg is covered with a film, but completely without a shell. It feels like an elastic ball.
The egg will also be larger than its original size, as it will absorb some of the vinegar.
Dancing men
It's time to get rowdy! Mix 2 parts starch with one part water. Place a bowl of starchy liquid on the speakers and turn up the bass!
Decorating the ice
We decorate ice figures of different shapes using food paint mixed with water and salt. The salt eats away at the ice and seeps deep, creating interesting passages. Great idea for color therapy.
Launching paper rockets
We empty the tea bags of tea by cutting off the top. Let's set it on fire! Warm air picks up the package!
There are so many experiences that you will definitely find something to do with your children, just choose! And don’t forget to come back again for a new article, which you’ll hear about if you subscribe! Invite your friends to visit us too! That's all for today! Bye!
In summer, home experiments with water for children are very useful. All kids love to play and romp in the water in hot weather. Conducting such “research” allows them to become familiar with the most important properties of water. Therefore, let's introduce them before moving on to interesting, educational, fun, visual experiments.
Properties of water
Water is the basis of life. It is the “base” for the good functioning of the human body. There are three known states of water: liquid, gaseous and solid. Consider the following properties of water.
- Transparency. Take two glasses. Pour water into one, milk into the other. Give the baby a bead and offer to lower it into both glasses in turn. The bead can be easily seen in a glass of water, since the water is crystalline and transparent.
- Colorlessness. To confirm, pour water into glasses and different colors paints color it. Leave the water in one glass colorless and transparent, that is, as it was.
There are objects that sink in water, and some remain on the surface and float. Dip various things into the water - pebbles, pieces of paper, pine cones, objects made of metal, wood, and watch which ones sink and which ones don’t.
Home experiments with water
Experiment 1. With regular paint
Take ordinary paint and drop one drop at a time into the water. Watch how it gradually mixes. The color in water becomes less vibrant. The more paint, the brighter the color becomes. 
Experience 2. In search of treasure
It will be interesting for schoolchildren to do such an experiment. For this you will need buttons, pebbles, sparkles, and shells. Pour water into a glass and pour out the “treasure”. Next, put it in the freezer. Wait for the water to freeze. As soon as it freezes, begin to remove the ice piece with a spoon or tweezers, and then lower it into warm water. When it starts to melt, you get the “treasures”. 
Experiment 3. Water absorption
Pour water into a container and hold a sponge to it and watch what happens. Water, jumping up, is absorbed into the pores. Then bring various things to the water and watch which ones are able to absorb it and which ones do not have absorbent properties.
Experiment 4. With ice cubes
Children 5-6 years old will be interested in this experience. Freeze ice into special cubes. Take thin cocktail tubes, cut them to 5 cm in length and insert them into an ice mold. Then put it in the freezer. After freezing, you will get strong cubes with a straw. Really, they look like boats? When attaching the sail to the match, launch the boats through puddles or into a bath of water. 
Experiment 5. “Floating” egg
Take a raw egg. Place it in a glass of water. You will see it sink to the bottom. Then take out the egg and dissolve 2-3 tablespoons of salt there. Place it again, this time in a glass of salted water. You will see the egg floating on the water surface.
Hence the conclusion is that the density of water increases with the help of salt and therefore it is more difficult to drown in salt water. For example, in the Dead Sea, the water is too salty, therefore, a person can lie on the sea surface and not drown. 
Experiment 6. “Boiling” of cold water
Wet and wring out the handkerchief. Then cover it with full glass With cold water and a rubber band, secure the scarf to the glass. Press the middle of the scarf with your finger so that it goes 2-3 cm into the water. Then turn the glass upside down over the sink. Hold the glass with one hand and lightly hit the bottom with the other. So what's going on? The water begins to “boil” or bubble in the glass.
Explanation: a wet handkerchief does not allow water to pass through. When you hit the glass, a vacuum is formed in it and air enters the water through the handkerchief, absorbed by the vacuum. These air bubbles form the idea that water is “boiling.” 
Experiment 7. Disappearing water
Take two identical glasses and fill them with water to the same level. Mark it with a felt-tip pen. Cover one glass with a lid and leave the other open. Place them in a warm place. The next day you will see that the water level in the open glass has become lower, but in the closed glass it has not changed.
What happened? Under the influence of heat, the water in the open glass evaporated and turned into tiny particles of steam, which dispersed into the air. Hence the conclusion: someday everything wet dries.
Experiment 8. With ice
Place a piece of ice into a glass filled to the brim with water. The ice will begin to melt, but the water will not overflow. It follows that the water into which the ice has transformed is heavier and takes up less space than ice. Conclusion: ice is lighter than water.
Experiment 9. Rainbow
Show the kids a rainbow in their room. Place a mirror in the water at a slight angle. Then catch a ray of sunlight with the mirror and point it at the wall. Rotate it until you see the light spectrum on the wall. The role of the prism, which decomposes light into its components, is played by water. Little ones will love this experience as they will see a rainbow. 
To help your little ones learn useful and interesting information about water, do home experiments with water for children. In this video you will find some more ideas for experiments.
