Japanese quince shrub, or chaenomeles, is a fertile plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family. It takes root well in regions with a mild climate, in the spring it pleases with abundant and bright flowering, and in the fall with healthy fruits.

Origin and appearance

Japanese quince is not only an ornamental shrub, but also a fruit-bearing one. Every autumn, fruits grow on the branches that look like an apple or an ordinary quince, but are smaller in size. The diameter of the fruit does not exceed 4 cm, which is why the plant was given another name - “false apples”.

Blooming branches

Quince fruits have a dense structure, are sour in taste and have a fragrant aroma. Not experienced gardeners They mistakenly compare the Japanese bush and the common quince. The only common feature of the two plants is that both belong to the Rosaceae family, although they have different genus and purpose.

The homeland of the quince bush is China, Japan and Korea, brightly flowering plant often becomes a decoration for a rock garden. A developed root system allows you to strengthen slopes in places where there is a difference in relief or create hedge.

Quince fruits

Japanese quince, detailed description of the bush:

• Plants of different varieties are deciduous or evergreen;
• Height varies from 1 to 3 meters;
• The shoots have an arched shape;
• The leaves are glossy oval or teardrop-shaped, depending on the variety.

The plant has a large number of hybrid forms; on the shoots of some of them thorns up to 2 cm long grow.

Note! An inexperienced gardener may encounter a situation where it is not clear which quince is in front of him: a tree or a shrub. The tree has a developed trunk, shrubs are formed from stems.

During the period from May to June, quince blooms profusely, all shoots are covered with a large number of buds. The flowers are scarlet, orange or red-orange; varieties with pink and white flowers are less common.

The diameter of the flower reaches 3-4 cm; some types of quince are covered with flowers with a diameter of 5 cm. The buds can grow singly or are collected in brushes of 2-6 flowers. The flower itself can be ordinary or double, consisting of a large number of petals.

Types and varieties

There are several types of Chaenomeles, on the basis of which many hybrids have been bred, which differ in color, leaf shape, and flower size.

Red flower

Hybrid forms of the plant are divided into different varieties, of which there are about 500.

Quince cathayan

Catayan quince is a large shrub that grows up to 2-3 m in height. In spring, the leaves of the plant acquire a purple tint; by summer they turn green and become glossy. Every year in May, the bush is covered with an abundance of pink or white flowers.

Note! Amateur gardeners ask the question: “Is Japanese quince a tree or a shrub?” Despite the fact that some varieties grow up to 3 m in height, the ornamental quince is a shrubby plant.

Garnet bracelet

A shrub with densely growing foliage, its height does not exceed 1 m. Thorns grow on the shoots; the plants can be used to form a hedge. The flowers grow large, reach a size of up to 5 cm in diameter, and are collected in groups of 2-6 buds. The buds are colored red or scarlet red.

Variety Garnet bracelet

Decorative quince

Ornamental chaenomeles is a deciduous shrub; its young shoots are colored green color, become brown over time. The color range of the buds ranges from pink to orange-red. The flower grows up to 3.5 cm in diameter.

Transplantation after purchase into open ground

When choosing a place for planting, it is necessary to take into account that ornamental quince is a light-loving plant. When transplanting a plant into open ground, it is important to choose a suitable location and organize further care.

What is needed for planting

The land for planting decorative quince is prepared in the fall in order to plant seedlings in the spring. To prepare the soil in the fall you will need:

• Deciduous soil;
• Sand;
• Compost from peat and manure. For 1 m2 you will need 7-8 kg;
• Potassium fertilizers at the rate of 35-40 g per 1 m2. Can be replaced with phosphorus fertilizers.

During planting in the spring, a nutrient mixture is used, its recipe:

• Humus - 5 kg;
• Superphosphate – 250 g;
• Ash – 500 g;
• Potassium nitrate – 25 g.

For planting in open ground, you should choose two-year-old seedlings with a root system closed type. Rotten, dried or broken roots must be removed.

Note! It is better to plant the shrub in the spring; during autumn planting, the heat-loving plant may not take root due to early cold weather.

Optimal place

Shrubs growing in the shade bloom weakly and grow slowly. Quince takes root best on the south side, where there is enough sunlight. The plant does not like strong drafts, so plant it better nearby with other groups of trees or near the walls of a house.

Decorative quince takes root in loose soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. Sandy and loamy soils that contain enough humus are suitable for planting.

The shrub tolerates dry weather well; its central root rod penetrates deep into the ground and is recharged with moisture. The soil should be moderately moist without stagnant water.

Note! The developed roots of an adult shrub do not allow it to be transplanted to another place. Quince cannot be dug out of the ground without damaging the roots. It is necessary to immediately select a suitable place before planting; the shrub can grow on it for up to 60-80 years.

Step by step planting process

Having chosen a suitable place, you can begin planting:

1. In the fall, the soil is cleaned and compost from peat and manure is added to it. Additionally, phosphorus fertilizers are added to the soil;
2. In the spring, a hole measuring 50x50 cm and 60-70 cm deep is dug for planting;
3. A nutrient mixture for filling is made from humus and ash. Superphosphate and potassium nitrate are added to it;
4. A nutrient mixture is poured into the planting hole 1/3 full, and 2-3 cm of ordinary soil is sprinkled on top. The roots of the plant should not come into contact with fertilizers;
5. Before planting, prepared seedlings are watered with plenty of water, placed in a hole and the roots are straightened. The root collar should not be deeply buried; it must be placed at the same level with the ground. The plant is dug in, the top layer of soil is compacted with hands;
6. Each seedling is watered with 1 bucket of water; you can cover the ground at the base with branches or wood shavings.

Hedge

Shrubs are planted at a distance of 1-1.5 m from each other; to form a hedge, the distance is reduced to 50 cm.

Reproduction

Japanese quince can be propagated using seeds or vegetative methods. Growing from seeds is a less labor-intensive process, but it does not guarantee the preservation of the properties of the mother plant.

Cuttings

Shrub cuttings are advisable if you need to preserve the properties of a certain quince variety. Cuttings are prepared in the first half of June before the heat begins; they need to be cut before 9-10 am.

Note! Cuttings should have 1-3 internodes - this is the distance between the bases of the leaves. Cuttings that have a “heel” at the end - a small piece of the main stem - germinate better.

You should prepare the soil for planting in advance; for it you need to mix peat and sand in a ratio of 1:3. The blanks are planted at a slight slope in the prepared mixture. After 1-2 months, the plant will take root if the air temperature is not lower than 20-25°C. In cold areas, shoots are planted in greenhouses that maintain high humidity.

Only 40-50% of the cuttings will be able to take root; growth stimulants are used to increase the rates by 15-20%. The blanks are treated with a solution of 0.01% indolylbutyric acid and then planted.

Growing from seeds

Ornamental quince seeds are obtained from ripened fruits. Large dark brown seeds can be used for propagation; they do not require any processing. In the fall they are sown in open ground, and up to 80% of the crops germinate the following spring.

Seeds near the ruler

If the seeds cannot be planted before winter, they are placed in moist soil or sand and kept at a temperature of 3-4°C all winter. By spring, shoots will appear, and the seeds can be transferred to open ground.

Care

Quince – unpretentious plant, but it needs to be looked after; in wild conditions, the ornamental shrub gradually loses its ability to bloom luxuriantly. Despite the fact that the ornamental shrub comes from the East, it easily takes root even in the northern regions of the Moscow region.

Watering mode

Japanese bush quince does not require abundant watering; the shrub is resistant to drought and high temperatures. Young seedlings are watered every week until they take root. An adult plant is watered once every 2-3 weeks; during the rainy season, the plant does without watering.

Top dressing

Fertilizing is carried out in the spring for the 2nd year after planting the seedlings. Mineral and organic mixtures can be used as fertilizers. To feed 1 bush you need to mix:

• Compost - 1 bucket;
• Potassium nitrate – 300 g;
• Superphosphate – 300 g.

During the summer, an adult plant can be fed liquid fertilizer, For example, aqueous solution saltpeter or a mixture of water and droppings.

During the flowering period

In summer, the soil around the bush must be loosened by 5-7 cm to saturate it with oxygen. If the summer is dry, the soil under the quince is mulched with sawdust or peat, the layer height should be 3-4 cm. The ground is regularly cleared of weeds.

Note! Chinese quince planting and care - the shrub requires the same measures as the Japanese variety.

During the rest period

Fruitful trees need to be pruned several times a year. In the spring, before flowering begins, sanitary pruning is carried out, rotten and frozen shoots are removed. In autumn, trim the shape of the crown and shorten the branches. Shoots older than 5 years must be pruned.

Note! Ornamental shrub must have no more than 15 branches.

Preparing for winter

The shrub easily tolerates temperatures down to -25°C without shelter. In regions with harsh winters and severe frosts The roots of the plant are covered with spruce branches. The shoots should be bent and sprinkled with spruce or dry leaves. Young low-growing shrubs are covered with cardboard or wooden boxes for the winter.

Note! In winter, the ends of the shoots with buds may freeze, these parts need to be cut off. Quince has the ability to quickly recover despite frostbite.

Every person living in a private house wants to decorate his garden plot beautiful plants. One of the favorite shrubs of gardeners and landscape designers is Japanese quince; caring for and growing the shrub does not require much time. Already on next year the seedlings grow and become covered with the first flowers.

Irina Kamshilina

Cooking for someone is much more pleasant than cooking for yourself))

Content

Every person’s diet should include the maximum amount of foods that will not only satisfy hunger, but also provide the body with the vitamins, minerals, and nutrients necessary for existence. Anyone who cares about their health needs to know what quince is and how it is eaten, because it is an incredibly healthy fruit. The fruits and seeds of this plant are used in cooking and in folk recipes.

What is quince

This is a plant in the form of a tree or shrub with edible fruits. Belongs to the Pink family. The plant is distributed in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Turkmenistan, Dagestan, the Mediterranean, some areas of Asia, and Europe. Australia. Fruits are used to prepare numerous dishes. They, like other parts of the plant, have medicinal properties, therefore they are present in a lot of traditional medicine.

What does quince look like?

This is a fruit that is the only representative of the genus Cidonia oblonga. Quince is a deciduous tree 1.5-5 meters high, less commonly a shrub. The branches rise up obliquely. The plant has thin scaly bark. The color is dark gray, red-brown or brown-black. The shoots are gray-green. The shape of the leaves is ovoid, oblong or oval. They are alternate, broadly elliptical, the base is wedge-shaped or heart-shaped, the color is dark green. The flowers are regular in shape with short stalks. There is a white, pale pink or bright corolla with a diameter of up to 5 cm.

Quince fruit is a hairy false apple, spherical or pear-shaped. It can be smooth or rough. It has a lot of seeds Brown. There were cases when one unit weighed two kilograms. In the wild variety, the weight of false apples does not exceed one hundred grams. The pulp is hard, not juicy. What does quince taste like? It is slightly sweet, tart and astringent. Trees bloom in May-June. The fruits ripen in September-October.

The best harvest is harvested from trees that grow on heavy loamy soils. On sandy loam soil the plant begins to bear fruit earlier. Propagated by cuttings, grafting, shoots from roots, seeds. Natural habitat plants - from central and southern regions of Europe to Central Asia. The most popular varieties:

1. Ordinary. Tree with large fruits. It grows in the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga region, Astrakhan and Volgograd regions, Crimea, Central Asian countries, and Greece. Winter-hardy varieties exist in Belarus, the Baltic states, and central Russia. There are pear-shaped, Portuguese and apple-shaped varieties of common quince.
2. Japanese. Shrubs of this variety reach up to 2 meters in height. They are evergreen, with red flowers and incredibly aromatic fruits. The pulp of the Japanese variety contains 4 times more fruit acids than ordinary ones. It is better to dilute the juice from such fruits with water.
3. Chinese. It differs from the Japanese one in the appearance of pale pink flowers during the flowering period. Chinese fruits are very aromatic, have fleshy pulp with pronounced sourness and tartness. Rich in vitamins, nutrients, microelements. They help well in the treatment of the liver, spleen, stomach, spasms, pain due to radiculitis, rheumatism. Eliminates swelling during pregnancy and hypertension.

All of the above varieties are divided into several varieties with their own characteristic characteristics. Their names:

• Golden ball;
• Marble;
• Pyramidal;
• Nutmeg;
• Persian sugar;
• Gracious;
• Van Diemen;
• Childs;
• Fuller;
• Krasnoslobodskaya;
• Gurji;
• Ktyun zhum;
• Kubanskaya;
• Collective (contains many stony cells);
• Krasnodar;
• Teplovskaya;
• Amber;
• Zubutlinskaya;
• Vraniska Denmark;
• Jardam;
• Micha is fertile;
• Golotlinskaya apple-shaped;
• Champion;
• Ahmed Zhum;
• Armenian Tursh.

Cultivation and collection

The high-yielding and unpretentious plant reproduces vegetatively: by root shoots, cuttings, vertical layering, grafting. It is as easy to grow as a pear or apple tree. Trees are best planted in warm and sunny areas. They tolerate drought well, but it is better to provide abundant watering. Seedlings can be placed in drained soil.

Mid-April or October is best for planting. It is necessary to choose seedlings with well-developed roots and a formed crown. They are placed at a depth of 50-60 cm. The diameter of the pit is at least a meter. Before planting, add compost or humus. For pollination, two or three trees need to be placed nearby. In fruit-bearing plants, strong annual branches should be shortened. Periodically, the crown is thinned out, removing everything dry. False apples are harvested as they ripen, before the first frost. They store very well; if all rules are followed, they can last up to five months.

What are the benefits of quince?

The fruit contains many substances necessary for the body. The fruits contain many antioxidants that help overcome stress, prevent the aging process, and have an antitumor effect. Thanks to the pectin and dietary fiber they contain, they perfectly cleanse the body of heavy metals and harmful substances, remove excess cholesterol, toxins, and help normalize digestion. Beneficial features:

• bactericidal;
• antiviral;
• restorative;
• sedative;
• anti-inflammatory;
• hemostatic;
• antitumor;
• astringent;
• antitussive;
• adsorbent;
• laxative;
• expectorant;
• diuretic.

Chemical composition of the fruit

Quince is rich in vitamins, minerals, and contains almost all vital elements. The exact figures depend on the variety and many other factors. The table below shows the average values:

Item name
Vitamins
P (bioflavonoids)
B2 (riboflavin)
PP (nicotinic acid)
B1 (thiamine)
Minerals
Manganese

Medicinal properties

The plant belongs to the category of medicinal. Knowing the beneficial properties of quince and contraindications, it can be used to treat many diseases. What beneficial substances do quince fruits contain? Both the pulp and the seeds are valuable. The latter contain a lot of iron, mucous and tannins, and glycerin. A decoction is made from the seeds. It is used as a mild laxative, an enveloping agent that is good for coughs. The decoction can be used as a lotion for eye diseases. It softens the skin, so it can be used as a cosmetic lotion.

The fruit reduces the manifestations of periodontal disease. Lotions and compresses from the juice of the plant help relieve pain from hemorrhoids. It is recommended to eat fresh fruits for anemia and cardiovascular diseases. They have a choleretic effect. The plant is rich in zinc, phosphorus, copper, pectin, calcium, vitamins B, PP, C, A, E. It has antiviral and antioxidant effects.

The juice of the plant also has medicinal properties. It has a diuretic and general strengthening effect. In the old days they were used to treat infertility in women. Helps stop diarrhea, bleeding, vomiting. Due to the presence of fructose, ascorbic acid, gum, amygdalin glycoside fatty oil and starch, the fruit is considered very valuable food product. There are many ways to consume and use it for medicinal purposes.

How to eat quince

The fruits have a hard and dense skin, firm flesh with an astringent, tart taste. It is preferable to eat this fruit after heat treatment. Preparations are made from the fruits: preserves, jams, jams, candied fruits, marmalade. In addition, with the addition of pulp you can make an excellent sauce for poultry or meat dishes. After boiling, stewing or baking, the fruits become soft and acquire a sweetish taste. The fruit can be added to porridges, casseroles, pies and other desserts.

Is it possible to eat quince raw?

Fresh fruits are not very suitable for consumption. Their flesh is too tart and their outer cover is hard. It is advisable to bake or boil them. You can make a lot of delicious desserts from the fruit: marmalade, jelly, candied fruits, jam, juices and compotes. After picking from the tree, the fruits should be allowed to ripen for a couple of weeks. During this period they will become a little softer. When eaten raw, fruit slices can be added to tea instead of lemon. They will give the drink a pleasant fresh taste.

The drink is prepared from fruits and consumed fresh or canned. The best juices obtained from varieties with a mild nutmeg flavor. You can drink them in pure form or dilute. The juice is useful for increasing appetite, for poisoning, and intestinal disorders. It can be mixed with apple, peach, pumpkin, and banana. Children, people with stomach ulcers and duodenum, constipation.

How to choose a quince

When buying fruits, you need to pay attention to their appearance. The fruits should not have spots or other damage. The color of the skin is bright yellow. The fruit should be evenly colored, this is a sign that it is fully ripe. It is better to take large fruits, because small ones are stored for much less time. Good fruit The quince should be firm to the touch and emit a pleasant, strong aroma.

Cooking recipes

The fruits can be used to make many delicious dishes, especially desserts. It is used to prepare jellies and marmalades, candies and marshmallows, compotes and juices. The fruits contain an essential oil that gives them a specific taste. Thanks to it, quince pulp makes excellent side dishes for meat: fruit pilaf, puree. In Caucasian and Central Asian cuisines, canned quince is added to many national dishes. The fruits can also be dried and dried. Below are recipes for several of the most popular dishes.

With honey

• Time: 50 minutes.
• Number of servings: 6 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 385 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: dessert.
• Cuisine: Asian.
• Difficulty: easy.

If you like to make desserts that have health benefits, then you're going to love the following. Quince pulp is baked with walnuts and honey. The dish turns out surprisingly tasty and satisfying. This delicacy will appeal to both adults and children. Cooking takes little time, the process itself is extremely simple.

Ingredients:

• quince – 6 pcs.;
• butter – 60 g;
• walnuts – 140 g;
• honey – 180 g.

Description of preparation:

1. Mix honey with chopped nuts. They can be crushed using a mortar.
2. Wash the fruits thoroughly and dry. Cut into halves. Cut out the seed chambers and some of the pulp, preparing a hole for the filling. Some people blanch and peel the fruit, but this is not necessary.
3. Place an equal piece of butter in each half. Distribute the filling evenly.
4. Pour a glass of water into a baking tray. Arrange the quince halves.
5. Place the baking sheet in the oven preheated to 180 degrees. Bake for 35-40 minutes. The dessert will be covered with a golden crust, and the inside will become tender and soft. Serve the dish garnishing each half with a mint leaf.

Candied fruit

• Time: 65 minutes and 5 days of waiting.
• Number of servings: 12 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 673 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: dessert.
• Cuisine: oriental.
• Difficulty: medium.

This dessert is very tasty and healthy, reminiscent of marmalade or Turkish delight. Candied fruits are very aromatic and fragrant. When you eat them, you immediately remember the summer warmth and sun, and the blues disappear. This is explained by the fact that quince fruits are excellent and completely natural remedy from depression. Candied fruits take a long time to prepare, but there is nothing difficult in the process. The benefits of quince in this form do not decrease at all.

Ingredients:

• quince – 2 kg;
• powdered sugar – 10-12 tbsp. l.;
• sugar – 2 kg;
• citric acid – 2 g;
• water – 1 l.

Cooking method:

1. Wash the fruits, dry them, cut into quarters. Remove the cores. Peel the peel, but do not throw it away. This is useful for giving the sugar syrup the correct consistency.
2. Pour a liter of water into an enamel pan with thick walls (not aluminum). Stainless steel cookware will also work.
3. Place the peel in water. Bring to a boil and simmer covered over low heat for 20 minutes. The liquid should not evaporate.
4. Remove the peel with a slotted spoon. You won't need it anymore, so you can throw it away.
5. Place fruit quarters into the broth. Stir them.
6. Boil the pieces for a quarter of an hour.
7. Remove with a slotted spoon and place in a colander to cool.
8. Add half the sugar to the broth. Cook until all the grains are dissolved.
9. Cut the cooled fruit slices into pieces or identical cubes approximately 1.5 x 1.5 cm.
10. Place the slices in the syrup and bring to a boil.
11. Stir gently. Cook over low heat for 5 minutes. Turn off the stove. Leave the fruit in the syrup for several hours, or better yet, overnight.
12. In the morning, pour the second part of the sugar into the pan. Place on low heat. Bring to a boil, simmer for 5 minutes, turn off. Leave again for several hours. Repeat the boiling procedure 4 times.
13. In the last session, add citric acid.
14. Use a slotted spoon to scoop out the quince cubes. Leave on a plate for several hours to allow the syrup to drain. Transfer the pieces to a new dish several times. All the syrup that you have left after cooking can be rolled into sterilized jars. You will get wonderful sweet jam.
15. When the candied fruits are almost no longer wet, but still sticky, roll them in powdered sugar. Place on parchment paper in one layer. Dry and try. The longer they dry, the tastier they will be.

Quince jam

• Time: 3 hours.
• Number of servings: 12 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 750 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: dessert.
• Cuisine: Asian.
• Difficulty: medium.

Quince jam turns out to be very beautiful in color, amber. The syrup comes out thick, and the pulp is very tender, juicy and sweet. The fruits are subjected to long-term heat treatment. For jam, it is advisable to choose soft and ripe fruits. The delicacy can be eaten on its own and used to decorate desserts. Jam is ideal as a filling for pies. It is very easy to cook.

Ingredients:

• quince – 2 kg;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife;
• granulated sugar – 1.8 kg;
• lemons – 2 pcs.;
• water – 6 glasses.

Cooking method:

1. Wash, dry and peel the false apples. You can use a brush to remove all dirt completely. Remove the seeds and cut into slices.
2. Mix water and sugar and place on the stove. Bring to a boil over low heat, stirring constantly. Wait until all the sugar has dissolved.
3. Place the pulp into the syrup. Bring to a boil again. Remove the pan from the stove. Leave for several hours to release the juice from the fruit pulp.
4. Place the pan on low heat again. Cook until the pieces are completely softened.
5. 5-10 minutes before turning off, add vanillin and juice squeezed from two lemons to the dish.
6. Place the jam in sterilized jars and seal.

Quince compote for the winter

• Time: 2 hours.
• Number of servings: 8 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 218 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: drink.
• Kitchen: homemade.
• Difficulty: medium.

Quince compote is a very aromatic drink and an excellent source of vitamins. It strengthens the immune system and is beneficial in the treatment of colds. It is easy to cook compote; you should select the ripest fruits without damage for it. Its rich taste will definitely appeal not only to adults, but also to children. The recipe can be modified by adding other dried fruits to the drink.

Ingredients:

• peeled and chopped fruit pulp - 2 kg;
• sugar – 0.7-0.8 kg;
• water – 4 liters.

Cooking method:

1. Wash and dry the fruit. Carefully peel and cut the fruits into neat slices to obtain 2 kg of pulp. Do not remove the peel.
2. Boil four liters of water in a saucepan. Add sugar, stir until all the grains dissolve.
3. Place quince slices in syrup. Simmer over low heat for about 10 minutes.
4. While the pulp and syrup are boiling, sterilize the containers and lids.
5. Divide the pulp into jars. Fill to the top with syrup.
6. Seal the jars with sterilized lids. Turn it upside down.
7. Cover with a blanket and leave until completely cool. Store the compote in a cool place.

The use of quince in folk medicine

There are many uses for the plant. Products prepared from it prevent the negative effects of viruses and infections on the body. They help in the treatment and prevention of influenza and acute respiratory diseases. Juice with pulp is recommended to be consumed regularly in case of high cholesterol levels in the blood, to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and to stop vomiting. The beneficial effect on the stomach and digestive processes is due to the high fiber content, so the product can be recommended to people who are obese.

Consumption has a positive effect in the treatment of diseases nervous system. They contain a lot of antioxidants that help recover from nervous strain and stress. Drinking juice helps improve the condition of patients with bronchial asthma. The plant helps in the treatment of ear diseases. Lotions with a decoction are used for anal fissures and rectal prolapse. The plant is indicated for pulmonary tuberculosis, tracheitis, liver diseases, gastroenteritis, flatulence, and colitis.

Decoction of fruit seeds

The drug is actively used to treat anemia and anemia. Decoctions help with eye diseases, the effects of sunstroke, swelling, and dyspepsia. These drugs can be used to treat inflammatory processes in the stomach, diarrhea, and dysentery. Several recipes:

1. For gastrointestinal diseases. Pour 10 g of crushed quince seeds into a glass of boiling water. On steam bath cook for 15 minutes. Cool, rub through a sieve. Take 100 ml three times a day before eating.
2. For colitis. Pour 10 g of seeds with a liter of cold water. Leave for 10 hours. Strain. Take 0.5 cups 3 times a day.
3. To stop uterine bleeding. Boil 10 g of seeds in 100 ml of water until the liquid becomes slimy. Take 3-4 times a day, 1 tbsp. l. spoon of decoction.

Quince leaf infusion

Remedies from certain parts of the plant are good for fevers and diabetes to reduce glucose levels. Effective recipes tinctures:

1. For asthmatic attacks, intestinal inflammation. Pour 5 g of quince leaves with a glass of boiling water. Cook in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. Strain and add water to replace the evaporated water. Take the product 3-4 times a day before meals, 2 tbsp. l.
2. Against excessive sweating of the feet. 1 tbsp. l. pour a glass of boiling water over the leaves. Cook for 5-10 minutes. Insist for an hour. Use a foot rub.
3. To lower blood pressure and sugar levels. Pour 100 g of leaves with 125 ml of vodka. Insist for a week. Take 1 tsp. twice a day.

Quince decoction for coughs and sore throats

The product is excellent for helping with sore throat and other symptoms of colds. Recipes:

1. Cut one fruit into small pieces. Pour a glass of boiling water. Insist for an hour. Take 3-4 times a day, 1 tbsp. l.
2. Boil 10 g of seeds in 100 ml of water until the contents of the pan become slimy in consistency. Strain the resulting “jelly”. Take 1 tbsp. l. mass three times a day.
3. Pour boiling water over 5 g of seeds and drink like tea. This remedy helps very well to get rid of dry cough, including allergic cough.

Benefits for weight loss

For people on a diet, quince is one of the essential products. It is low in calories, satiates well and suppresses appetite for a long time. The fruits have almost no cholesterol and fat. Their use helps improve digestion processes. For weight loss, it is useful to introduce baked and boiled quince into your diet. Based on it, a mono-diet has been developed, following which you will be able to lose up to 5 kg in a few days.

Calorie content of fruit

100 g of product contains 40 kcal and 8.9 g of carbohydrates. There is no fat, cholesterol or sodium in the fruit at all, so it is perfect for dietary nutrition. 100 ml of quince juice contains 45 kcal, 10.6 g of carbohydrates and 0.5 g of protein. More exact indicators energy value depends on the type of fruit, the area where the tree began to grow, soil, climatic conditions, and care characteristics.

Quince in cosmetology

Fruits contain a lot of fruit acids, especially if they are juicy and ripe. The pulp is very useful to use in cosmetic masks. Products containing it have an antiseptic effect, dry, and nourish the skin. Recipes for good masks:

1. For oily skin, anti-acne. Grate the ripe quince fruit on a fine grater. Apply the pulp to your face thin layer. Avoid the area around the lips and eyes. After seven minutes, wash with warm water.
2. For normal and combination skin. Grate the ripe quince fruit on a fine grater. Mix with beaten egg yolk and steamed oatmeal with 50 ml of boiling water. Apply the warm mixture to your face and décolleté. After a quarter of an hour, rinse off. Just blot your face with a napkin, do not dry yourself with a towel.
3. For all skin types. Finely grate one ripe quince fruit. Add 1 tsp to the pulp. corn starch and oatmeal, buckwheat or rice. Mix thoroughly and apply the mixture to your face. Rinse off with room temperature water after 20 minutes.

1. Grind one ripe fruit along with the seeds. Add 1 tbsp. l. coarse salt. Stir. Apply to face with gentle massage movements. Rinse off after three minutes. Pat your skin dry with a napkin. After an hour, apply nourishing cream. Using a scrub once a week helps make the skin softer, softer, and improves complexion.
2. Lotion for oily skin. Extract the juice of one fruit. Add half a glass of medical and camphor alcohol. Slowly add one egg yolk. Use lotion to wipe your face every evening. It will help get rid of oily shine. It is recommended to store the product in a cool and dark place.

Contraindications

Due to some substances that make up quince, not everyone is allowed to eat it. Contraindications to the use of quince and dishes with it:

• chronic constipation;
• predisposition to allergies;
• pleurisy;
• individual intolerance;
• enterocolitis.

In a number of situations, the use of quince is not categorically contraindicated, but it must be done with caution. Before eating quince, it is better to consult a doctor. You should eat it with caution when:

• peptic ulcer;
• frequent allergic reactions(fruits are irritating to the larynx);
• pregnancy;
• high blood clotting;
• lactation;
• constipation

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What is quince and how to eat it - beneficial properties and uses of the fruit

A fruit that is not very common in Russia - quince - occupies an honorable place in world cooking and medicine. The fruit has an unusual, tart taste and a rich nutritional composition, therefore it has an antiviral and tonic effect. The product is low in calories, but it is almost never consumed fresh. But various desserts are said to be made from quince.

Plant characteristics

Quince is a plant of the Rosaceae family. It is one of the most ancient fruit crops. Its wild variety is widespread in Central Asia, the Caucasus, Crimea, Dagestan, Moldova and Ukraine.

The wildflower grows on the edges of forests and slopes. In its cultivated form, the plant can be found in gardens and summer cottages. Without proper care, a domesticated tree quickly becomes wild.

Among all existing varieties, quince is oblong, apple-shaped or pear-shaped. The fruits are the size of a large apple.

The color range of varieties is varied. Depending on the type, the fruits have a bright yellow, yellow-green or dark yellow color.

The skin is dense, hard, covered with fluff. The fruit contains creamy, white or beige pulp. The pulp tastes sour, or slightly sweet, tart, juicy. Its structure is dense and rigid. Small brown seeds, like those of an apple, form in the core area.

Many people are interested in whether quince is a fruit or a berry. Considering that the fruit contains pulp and a core with seeds, it is a fruit.

Quince is a fruit, not a berry

Appearance

According to the description, the plant has the following characteristics:

• deciduous tree or shrub, reaching 1-5 m in height, depending on the variety;
• shoots grow at an angle of 60°;
• the bark is thin, burgundy, dark brown or dark gray, covered with scales;
• leaves are oval, ovoid, maple-shaped at the base, dark green in color;
• The quince tree differs from other fruit trees in its large fruit size (in some varieties the fruits reach 1.8 kg).

Bloom

Common quince blooms from May to June. The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter, in a snow-white, pale pink or beige hue. The buds bloom after the leaves develop. Flowering is abundant, lushly covering the crown of the tree. That's why quince is unique decorative decoration in any garden.

During the flowering period, quince is a garden decoration

Thanks to its late flowering, this fruit plant is not afraid of frost and almost always produces good yields.

The aroma of ripe quince is reminiscent of a sour apple combined with a floral, spicy aroma.

Features of cultivation

You can grow a tree either from a purchased seedling or using a cutting from an adult crop. There are other ways to grow a quince garden - by grafting, layering, seeds and root suckers.

Regardless of the growing method, planting this crop requires choosing a sunny location with clay soil and low acidity. Quince grows poorly on sandy soil - it begins to bear fruit ahead of time with small, tasteless fruits.

The method of growing quince is no different from the peculiarities of caring for pear and apple trees.

This easy-to-care tree is characterized by high yields and usefulness. Loves frequent moisture, regular feeding, tolerates pruning well and rarely gets sick.

Landing

Planting of seedlings or sprouted cuttings is carried out in spring or autumn. The advantage of spring planting is that over the summer the plants will have time to take root and get used to the new living conditions, so they are not afraid of winter frosts. At autumn planting the risk of frostbite in young trees increases.

Planting dates depend on the growing area:

• in the regions of the middle and northern zone, seedlings are planted at the end of April;
• in the south (in the Krasnodar Territory, in Rostov) plants are planted in open ground in the first ten days of April.

For seedlings, a deep hole is dug in accordance with the size of the root system (80x80 cm). A nutritious mixture of garden soil, 5 kg of humus, 200 g of wood ash and 40 g of superphosphate is poured into the hole. The roots of the plant are placed on top, sprinkled with soil so that the root collar remains flush with the soil level. The seedlings are watered abundantly and mulched with peat.

Seedlings must be mulched with peat

Care

In the process of growth and development, young seedlings require proper and timely care:

1. Trimming. After planting, the central branch is shortened by a third of its length. The next year, the central conductor is trimmed again 20 cm from the top, and the side shoots are also trimmed. The crown is formed from branches of the second, third and fourth order. Every year, in early spring, the strongest shoots (3-4 pieces) are selected, and the weaker and thinner ones are cut off.
2. Watering. During the spring-autumn period, plants should be watered several times. The first moistening is carried out before the buds begin to swell, the second during the flowering period, and the next one two weeks after it. Watering is especially important during the formation of ovaries and ripening of fruits. Last water-recharging irrigation carried out in the fall, when the leaves fall from the trees. It is necessary to increase the frost resistance of the tree.
3. Feeding. In the first years of life, quince is not fed, provided that it was planted in nutritious soil. In the third year, the ground around the tree trunk is sprinkled with compost or humus, then digging is done. No less important are mineral fertilizers, which increase the yield and taste of fruits. Superphosphate and potassium salt are added in a complex one month after adding organic matter.
4. A procedure is also carried out to loosen the soil around the tree trunk in order to increase its moisture and air permeability.
5. For the winter, garden quince needs shelter. The tree trunk circle is mulched with peat or humus, the crown is covered with lutrasil or spruce branches.

Fruit ripening and harvesting

Fruit ripening occurs in autumn - September or October, depending on the variety and region of cultivation. This fruit has good and long-lasting shelf life. In cool conditions and low humidity, quince fruits can be stored for about 6 months.

Unripe quince will ripen well at home. Fruits that have not had time to ripen are laid out on paper indoors at room temperature. In such conditions, quince ripens in 5-7 days.

Popular varieties

Today, breeders distinguish 5 varietal groups of quince.

Marble

A decorative species that differs from other varieties in its unusual leaf color. The leaf blade is dark green, covered with white dots. Bears yellow fruit.

Pyramidal

This garden group includes all decorative fruit varieties with a pyramidal crown. The fruits are apple-shaped. They are yellow with slight pubescence.

Pear-shaped

This is the only one in the family Pink look, which bears bright yellow pear-shaped fruits. It is grown as an ornamental and fruit crop.

Apple-shaped

Planting an apple-shaped variety in private gardens is done in order to obtain a tasty harvest of fruits that resemble an apple in appearance.

Portuguese

The fruits of this variety are elongated, more like a pear with a ribbed surface. The variety has good winter hardiness and resistance to adverse weather conditions.

There are more than 400 varieties of this plant. The following are the most popular among gardeners:

1. Anzherskaya.
2. Aurora.
3. Golden ball.
4. Golden.
5. Krasnodar large-fruited.
6. Kaunchi-10.
7. Kubanskaya.
8. Nutmeg.
9. Rumo.
10. Chinese.
11. Skorospelka.
12. Japanese.
13. Teplovskaya.

Fruit composition

The pulp contains a rich nutritional composition. The lion's share is occupied by malic, tartronic and citric acids.

Quince pulp contains a lot nutrients

Microelements in the pulp include calcium, zinc, phosphorus, iron and pectin.

Sunny-colored fruits are rich in vitamins - A, E, C, PP. Also contain B vitamins.

The high energy value of such a product is due to the increased content of essential oils, sugars, fructose and tannins.

Quince juice contains ascorbic acid, which is beneficial for our body, so quince primarily has an antiviral and tonic effect.

This is a low-calorie product - 100 g of pulp contains 39 calories. The fruit does not contain fats or sodium, so it does not increase bad cholesterol.

Use in cooking

Fresh quince is not very tasty. Usually this product is baked or boiled. Various sweets such as jam, preserves, marmalade, jam and candied fruits are prepared from the healthy fruit.

Common quince is also suitable for preparing aromatic compotes and juices. Quince fruits are rich in esters, which give this fruit an amazing aroma. They are often supplemented with boiled pieces meat dishes from beef, pork.

The canned product is an integral part of the cuisine in the Caucasus and Central Asia.

Quince fruits are used to make very tasty dried fruits. The cored pulp along with the skin is cut into slices, sprinkled with sugar, and kept for a day in a warm room. Then the slices are boiled in sugar syrup. Finished product laid out on a baking sheet and dried in the oven.

Classic quince dessert

Wipe off ripe fruits and rinse under running water. Cut in half, cut out the core, cut off the skin in damaged areas. Cut into slices and place in a saucepan. To make the fruit slices soft, they are blanched in water for half an hour. Then the water is drained and sugar is added to it. Boil the syrup for 10 minutes, then transfer the pieces into it, add 1/2 tsp. citric acid or 1 tsp. lemon juice. Cook over low heat for another 20 minutes. When cooked this way, quince slices do not fall apart and retain their beauty and amazing aroma.

After cooling, the product will thicken. It can be served with pancakes, pancakes or just with tea.

Application in medicine

A fruit tree or shrub is classified as medicinal plants. The benefits of not only the pulp and peel, but also quince seeds are noted.

Quince seeds are very useful

Benefits of seeds

The seeds contain mucous and tanning components. They are prepared by drying at a temperature of 50 °C.

The seed decoction has:

• laxative and enveloping effect;
• anti-inflammatory (helps in the treatment of cough, bronchitis, asthma);
• compresses based on seed decoction eliminate eye diseases.

Stone decoction is used in cosmetology to cleanse the skin.

A decoction of the leaves of the plant helps get rid of gray hair that appears at an early age.

Benefits of pulp

Quince fruits began to be used in the prevention and treatment of various ailments back in ancient times:

• reduces the symptoms of periodontal disease;
• eliminates pain from hemorrhoids (apply lotions or compresses based on quince juice);
• fresh and juicy pulp is good to consume with low hemoglobin;
• the fruit has a slight diuretic effect, so it is indicated for use for edema;
• quince juice improves immunity, gives strength and energy;
• eliminates pain and symptoms during flu, colds and diseases of the respiratory system;
• lowers the level of harmful cholesterol in the blood;
• has an antiemetic effect;
• the pulp of the fruit helps eliminate indigestion and normalizes the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
• due to their high fiber content, fruits help reduce excess weight, so they are often included in diet menus;
• it is a powerful antioxidant that helps a person cope with stress, neuroses, and stabilizes the functioning of the central nervous system;
• juice-based lotions help get rid of pain and inflammation in the ears;
• The fruits should be eaten for gastroenteritis, flatulence, tracheitis and colitis.

Traditional medicine recipes

These are simple medicinal recipes based on quince will help you in the treatment of certain diseases:

1. For burns, stomach pain and cough, the following remedy helps: pour 10 g of quince seeds into a glass of boiling water, boil for 20 minutes. Leave for half an hour, filter, squeeze out the seeds. Take 30 ml. three times a day before meals. For burns, make lotions based on decoction.
2. For colitis, use the following composition: pour 10 g of seeds with a liter of boiled water. After 10 hours of infusion, strain and drink 1/4 glass of 50 ml three times a day on an empty stomach.
3. If you have excessive sweating of your feet, you should make a decoction from the leaves of the plant. Pour a handful of crushed raw materials with a glass of boiling water, boil, leave for an hour. Rinse your feet with the decoction daily.
4. If you have an upset stomach, the following recipe will help: chop two fruits, add water, simmer for 15 minutes over low heat, leave for an hour. Drink 1/2 glass three times a day before meals.
5. Quince juice is very good for iron deficiency anemia. Take two fruits, cut them in half, remove the core, cut the pulp into pieces. Fill in fruit slices water, boil until soft. Filter the juice through cheesecloth and throw the pulp aside. Thick, rich syrup with pulp should be taken three times a day, 15 ml.

Contraindications

Quince fruits should not be consumed if you have a stomach ulcer, duodenal ulcer or enterocolitis. The fluff contained on the skin should be carefully removed, otherwise, if it enters the body, it can cause a cough.

If you have enterocolitis, you should not eat quince.

Excessive consumption of fruits causes intestinal blockage, pain and irritation of the intestinal mucosa.

Application in cosmetology

The pulp contains a large amount of fruit acids, so it is used in the manufacture of various facial and body skin care products.

Quince-based cosmetics have a regenerating, drying and antiseptic effect. The pulp, crushed on a grater, is mixed with different vegetable oils, ground cereals, egg yolk and starch.

Masks

At home, you can use the following recipes for masks based on this fruit:

1. For aging, oily and problematic skin with acne, a simple remedy based on crushed quince pulp is suitable. The paste is applied to the face, avoiding the area around the eyes, and after a few minutes is washed off with warm water.
2. For normal and combined epidermis, the following composition is suitable: mix the finely grated pulp of one fruit with the yolk, add a couple of tablespoons of rolled oats flour. Can be used both on the face and décolleté. After a quarter of an hour, rinse your face with cool water.
3. A universal mask is suitable for all types of epidermis. Mix a handful of grated pulp with 10 g of buckwheat or rice flour, add the same amount of starch. Mix and apply to facial skin. After a quarter of an hour, rinse with warm water.

Cleansers

Quince fruits are used in the manufacture of scrubs and peelings. They exfoliate dead skin cells well, restore damaged epidermis and improve blood circulation.

To prepare the scrub, you will need completely crushed fruit with core and seeds. Mix the fruit pulp with 10 g of coarse salt. Mix both components and apply to facial skin using circular massaging movements. After a few minutes, rinse off the product with running water. This cleanser is allowed to be used no more than once every 7 days.

Lotions

For oily skin, a lotion based on quince and raw chicken yolk is perfect. Squeeze the juice of one fruit, add to it 100 ml of medical alcohol and the same amount of camphor oil. Beat the chicken yolk until foamy and add it into the resulting mixture in a thin stream. This product should be stored in the refrigerator.

Quince-based lotion removes residual oil from the skin, making it velvety and elastic.

Hand sanitizer

You can make a hand sanitizer using quince juice. Cut a small fruit in half and remove the core. Cut the pulp into slices, pour in vodka, close the lid tightly and leave in a dark place for two weeks.

Quince juice can be used to make an excellent hand sanitizer.

Add 20 g of glycerin to the filtered product.

Conclusion

Thanks to their rich vitamin and mineral composition, quince fruits have been found wide application in cooking, medicine and cosmetology. All of the above recipes should be used with extreme caution and taking into account contraindications. When consumed in moderation and regularly, this product will show maximum benefit for your body.

Common quince, or oblong quince (lat. Cydonia), is a monotypic genus of woody plants of the Rosaceae family, distributed in nature in Central Asia, Transcaucasia and the Caucasus, as well as in temperate regions of Asia, Central and Southern Europe, where it grows on forest edges, clearings and clearings, along the banks of rivers and streams, in the lower mountain belt. Quince prefers loose, moist and fertile sandy, heavy loamy, red and chernozem soils.

In cultivation, quince is cultivated not only in the hot climates of South Africa, Australia and Oceania, but also in the Americas and even in cool areas such as Scotland and Norway. The quince has been known to mankind for more than 4,000 years - it was its fruit, believing that the quince was a type of apple tree, that was given to Aphrodite, who defeated other contenders in a dispute about beauty.

• Landing: in spring or autumn - at the end or beginning of the dormant period.
• Bloom: May June.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: any, but preferably loose and heavy.
• Watering: regular, 4-5 waterings per season. Young seedlings require frequent watering. The first watering of a fruit-bearing quince is before the start of flowering, the second - during flowering, the third - after the excess ovaries fall off, the fourth - during the period of shoot growth, the fifth - during the period of fruit growth. Young trees stop watering at the end of August, and mature trees at the beginning of September. When watering a young tree, about 400 liters of water are consumed, and an adult tree – up to 800 liters. The soil should be wet to the depth of the roots - 80-100 cm.
• Feeding: organic matter is added to the tree trunk soil once every 2 years, minerals – three times a year: in spring, summer and autumn.
• Trimming: the main one is in early spring, before the start of sap flow. In the fall, if necessary, sanitary cleaning is carried out.
• Reproduction: seeds, cuttings, root suckers, layering and grafting.
• Pests: fruit mites, codling moths, apple aphids and leaf-mining moths.
• Diseases: fruit rot (moniliosis), powdery mildew, rust, rotting of ovaries, brownishness of leaves and gray rot of fruits.

Read more about growing quince below.

Quince tree - description

Quince is a deciduous shrub or tree from one and a half to 5 m high with branches that rise obliquely upward. Quince bark is scaly, thin, smooth. Old branches and the trunk of quince are dark gray or dark reddish-brown, and on young branches the bark is fleecy, gray-brown. The shoots are also tomentose, gray-green in color. Quince leaves are alternate, entire, oval or ovate, usually broadly elliptical, sometimes round, on the upper side of the plate glabrous, dark green, on the lower part glaucous with felt pubescence. The length of the leaves is from 5 to 12 cm, the width reaches 7.5 cm, the petioles are up to 2 cm long. Quince flowers, mostly solitary, regular, on pubescent pedicels, bloom in May or June.

The quince fruit is a false fleecy apple of lemon or dark yellow color, round or pear-shaped, which contains five multi-seeded nests. The diameter of the fruits of wild trees is from 2.5 to 3.5 cm; in cultivated forms, apples can reach a diameter of 15 cm. The quince pulp is very aromatic, but hard and slightly juicy, its taste is astringent, tart and sweetish. Quince fruits ripen in September-October. Quince lives on average up to 60 years, actively bears fruit for 30-50 years, and begins to bear fruit after 3-4 years of growth.

Quince is a relative of many garden trees– apple trees, pears, plums, cherry plums, medlars, hawthorns, rose hips, almonds, serviceberries, mountain ash, chokeberries and other cultivated plants. Quince fruits are used to make jam, jelly, marmalade, compotes, drinks; it is eaten as a seasoning for meat. Traditional medicine widely uses quince to treat constipation, colitis, flatulence, uterine bleeding, respiratory tract diseases and gastrointestinal diseases. Blooming quince is an amazing sight, so it is often used by landscape designers to design public gardens, parks and public gardens.

We will tell you about how to plant and care for quince, how to grow quince on a personal plot, how to feed quince to stimulate abundant fruiting, what diseases and pests of quince can cause you trouble, how to treat quince when it gets sick, how to graft quince, how to form a quince by pruning - you will find this and many other information in our article.

Planting quince

When to plant quince

Quince is heat-loving, it tolerates drought well, in addition, it does not even care about monthly floods, so it grows well in shallow areas groundwater. The best place for quince is an open area on the south side. Despite the fact that quince grows on any soil, it bears fruit best on well-loosened heavy soils, and on light sandy loam soils, quince, although it will begin to bear fruit earlier, will produce more modest harvests and will live shorter. Quince should be planted during the dormant period - in spring or autumn.

Planting quince in autumn

If you are purchasing for planting annual seedlings quinces, then you can buy planting material with an open root system, but if the seedlings are older, then choose those with an open root system so that you can assess its condition. When planting quince, keep in mind that the roots of an adult plant can occupy an area several times larger than the crown projection area, so place pits for planting quince at a distance of at least 5 m from other trees and buildings.

Anyone who decides to plant a quince in the fall should start preparing the site for it in the spring: dig the soil to the depth of a spade bayonet while simultaneously adding 50 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt per m². After digging and applying fertilizer, the area is lightly watered. When it’s time to plant quince, dig a hole in the area about 40 cm deep and with a diameter of 45 to 90 cm - the width of the planting hole depends on the size of the root system of the seedling. Drive a peg into the center of the hole to secure the tree, place a layer of clay on the bottom, then fill a third of the remaining depth fertile soil, mixed with 50 g of wood ash and 150 g of superphosphate.

Then place the seedling in the hole, straighten its roots, fill the hole with soil, tamp it lightly and water the seedling generously - at least 2 buckets of water will be required for one tree. When the water is absorbed, tie the seedling to a peg and mulch the tree trunk circle with a thick layer of humus or peat.

How to plant quince in spring

Quince is planted in the ground in the spring in the same order as in the fall, however, the site is dug up with the application of fertilizers in the fall, and the layer of mulch in the root circle after planting may not be as thick as on the eve of winter - not 10, but 5 cm.

Quince care

Caring for quince in spring

In early spring, before the sap begins to flow, quinces are sanitized, removing dry branches broken under the weight of snow and diseased branches. After this, you can carry out formative pruning of young trees or rejuvenating pruning of old ones. At the beginning of bud bloom, carry out a “blue” spraying of the quince - treatment with a three percent solution of Bordeaux mixture. Just don’t be late - if the buds have already opened, the Bordeaux mixture can damage them. At about the same time, the trunks and base of the quince skeletal branches should be whitened with lime and a complete mineral fertilizer should be added to the soil.

For a pink bud, quince is treated against aphids, sawflies, moths, moths, leaf rollers, as well as against powdery mildew with a solution of 3 ml of Fastak or a similar preparation in 10 liters of water.

Before flowering and immediately after it, it is necessary to water the quince abundantly, adding complex mineral fertilizers to the water.

Ten days after flowering, in May, preventive treatment of quince against sawflies, leaf-eating pests, scab and fruit rot should be carried out with Topaz or its analogues.

Caring for quince in summer

In June, quince are treated against codling moths, lacewings, aphids, moths and leaf rollers with a solution of 6-8 ml of Sonnet in 10 liters of water. In the future, throughout the summer period, in order not to abuse pesticides, quince treatments are carried out selectively and only as necessary.

Quince in the summer, just like in the spring, needs weeding and loosening of the soil in the tree trunk circle and between the rows. If the tree trunk circle is mulched, then you will have less work. In July, quinces are fertilized with complete mineral fertilizer.

Quince in August and September ripens, so treatments against diseases and pests should be stopped a month before harvest.

Caring for quince in autumn

At the end of September, in October or November, the fruits are removed from the quince, and after harvesting, the trees are treated with a five percent urea solution against scab. In autumn, water-recharging watering of quinces is carried out. After leaf fall, when the trees enter a dormant period, thinning, rejuvenating and sanitary pruning of trees is carried out. In November, quinces are prepared for winter.

Quince processing

Even if the quince in the garden is completely healthy, annual preventative treatments against pests and diseases will help it maintain health and strengthen its immunity. The first treatment is carried out on still dormant buds with preparation No. 30 in order to destroy insects that have overwintered in the bark and in the soil. The second and third preventive treatments are carried out before and after flowering: the green cone of the quince is sprayed against fungi with Abiga-Peak or one percent Bordeaux mixture, and in May, on the buds, the tree is treated against leaf rollers with Kemifos, and against fungi with Horus. After flowering, quince are treated jointly against codling moths and fungi with Strobi and Inta Vir.

In June, during fruit growth, the trees are sprayed with Skor and Lepidotsid, and in July quinces are treated against fungi and the second generation of codling moths with Kemifos and Strobi.

A month and a half before harvest, it is advisable to stop all treatments, and only late varieties of quince are sprayed with Kemifos, if necessary.

In the fight against insects, such drugs as Karbofos, Metafos, Actellik, Aktara, Decis, Zolon, Arrivo, Fufanon, Confidor have proven themselves well. And fungicides such as Bayleton, Quadris, Maxim, Oxychom, Ridomil, Strobi, Topaz, Tiovit Jet, Topsin, Falcon, Fundazol, Fitosporin and others are effective against fungal diseases.

Watering quince

Growing quince requires regular moisture - 4-5 waterings per season. Young seedlings are watered frequently, but mature, fruit-bearing quinces require the first watering only before flowering, especially if there is no rain in spring. The second watering is carried out during flowering, the third - after the ovaries fall off, the fourth - when the shoots begin to grow, and the fifth - when the fruits are formed and begin to grow.

Young quince stop watering at the end of August, and mature trees - at the beginning of September. The soil in the area with quince is moistened to the depth of the roots - 80-100 cm. Water consumption for young trees is 400 liters per watering, and for adults - 800 liters. Quince can tolerate both drought and flood, but both have a bad effect on the quality of its fruit, so regular and sufficient watering of quince is the key to a successful harvest.

After watering, it is very convenient to weed out the grass and loosen the soil in the tree trunk circle and in the rows to a depth of 8 cm.

Feeding quince

The fertilizers placed in the soil during planting should be enough for the seedling to last a year. If you added organic matter to the soil in the form of humus or compost, then the next time organic fertilizers will need to be applied in two years, and mineral fertilizers are applied three times annually - in spring, summer and autumn.

In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are scattered around the tree, after flowering, the soil around the quince is watered with a solution of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers at the rate of 200-300 g per 10 liters of water, and in August the quince is fed at the rate of 30-40 g of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer per m². In addition, every spring and every autumn the tree trunk circle is mulched with a layer of peat or compost at least 5 cm thick.

Wintering quince

The danger of winter cold for quince is that its root system is located horizontally at a very small depth and can be damaged by frost. Therefore, it is advisable to cover the area of ​​land around the tree and the lower part of the trunk with humus or dry leaves for the winter. When the snow falls, try to throw a snowdrift under the tree, and then you won’t have to worry about the quince until spring. In areas with very cold winters, quinces are additionally insulated by wrapping them in lutrasil or spunbond, and then tied with spruce branches.

Quince pruning

When to prune a quince

The main pruning of quince is carried out in early spring, before the sap begins to flow. Dry and disease-affected branches are cut out and burned, thinning and rejuvenating pruning is carried out on old trees, and trees up to five years old are subjected to formative pruning. In the summer, in August, the ends of the rapidly growing quince shoots are pinched. Quince in the fall, after leaf fall, when the trees enter the dormant period, only needs sanitary and thinning pruning.

How to prune a quince

The crown of a tall quince is formed like a bowl with an open center, from 4-5 skeletal branches located at a distance of 15-20 cm from one another, and in low-growing varieties it is formed sparsely tiered crown of 8-10 branches, on which lateral branches are evenly distributed. The height of the trunk of a quince tree should not be large - only 40-50 cm, otherwise pruning a quince is very similar to pruning an apple tree.

Pruning quince in spring

The first pruning of a spring seedling is carried out immediately after planting, and if you planted a quince in the fall, cut it next spring to a height of 50-60 cm, leaving 7-8 buds, from which the lower tier will be formed - four or five branches growing at a distance of 10- 15 cm from each other, and the next, second tier of branches, located 30-40 cm higher.

A year later, next spring, the conductor (the central branch of the quince) is cut at a height of 20-30 cm from the level of the skeletal branches to the outer bud, and the annual growths on the lower tier are shortened to 50-60 cm, thereby forming second-order branches. Do not cut off side branches, except those that thicken the center of the crown or those that compete with the conductor. Remove all root shoots. By the beginning of fruiting, that is, by 3-4 years, the crown is usually already formed.

Pruning quince in autumn

From the fifth year of growth, quince only needs to maintain the shape of the crown - it is better to continue to do this in the spring. And in the fall, after the leaves fall off the quince, it is subjected to sanitary pruning - diseased branches that dry out and are broken during fruiting or harvesting are removed, as well as those that thicken the crown or grow in the wrong direction.

Quince propagation

How to propagate quince

Quince is propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering, root suckers and grafting. Moreover, unlike other cultures, the most in a simple way reproduction is by seed.

Propagation of quince by seeds

From ripe quince fruits, collected no more than a month ago, remove the brown seeds, rinse them in warm water, place them indoors on a dry cloth or paper and dry. These seeds are suitable for sowing for six months. You can sow them before winter, or you can do this next spring, but then during the winter they must undergo stratification - store them until spring, mixed with sand in a ratio of 1:3, in the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator, after soaking them for 5- 6 hours in water.

If you decide not to delay sowing until spring, in October, sow the seeds in open ground to a depth of 2-3 cm, and mulch the crop with peat or humus on top. The distance between the rows should be 20-25 cm, and the density of sowing seeds per 1 linear meter of land should be no more than 100 seeds. In the spring, wait for the seedlings to emerge and thin them out twice: the first time, leaving 10 cm between seedlings, and the second time – 15-20 cm.

If you put the seeds in the refrigerator in February, then in April you can sow them directly into open ground using the method we have already described. But if you placed the seeds for stratification in December, then at the end of February or beginning of March you need to sow them 2-3 pieces in peat pots to a depth of 2-4 cm and grow them like any seedlings. With the onset of warm weather, the seedlings are gradually hardened and then planted together with the pots in pre-dug to the depth of a shovel and moistened soil at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other.

After planting, the area is watered and then mulched. In the development phase of two true leaves, the seedlings are thinned out; after three weeks, thinning is repeated.

In autumn, seedlings that have reached a height of 40 cm are transplanted to permanent place.

Reproduction of quince by root suckers

Root shoots are root shoots that you are constantly being told to fight. It is worth knowing that quince grown from root suckers usually produces small fruits and has a less developed root system. To grow good seedlings from offspring, take into account our advice: if you have formed basal shoots at least 5 mm thick and 15-20 cm high, hill them higher so that the soil fits tightly to the shoot. After three weeks, repeat the hilling. In the fall, separate the shoots from the mother bush and plant them. For the winter, mulch the soil around them with wood chips or humus.

Quince propagation by layering

Quince is also propagated by arcuate or horizontal layering. The difference between these types of layering is that during reproduction horizontally the entire shoot, except for the top, is buried in a furrow 10 cm deep, and it is fixed in this position in the furrow every 15 cm, and arcuate layering immerse into the furrow only the middle part.

You can grow vertical shoots from lateral buds, and when they reach a height of 15-20 cm, they are hilled up to half their height, watered all summer, protected from weeds, and after leaf fall they are separated from the mother plant and planted in a permanent place.

Quince propagation by cuttings

In June, in the morning, before the heat sets in, green cuttings are cut so that each has 1-2 internodes with a heel up to 1 cm long. The lower cut of the segments is treated with Kornevin, after which the cuttings are planted at an angle in a mixture of sand and peat in ratio 3:1 at a distance of 5-7 cm from each other. It may take 30 to 40 days for cuttings to root at a temperature of 20-25 ºC. As soon as rooting occurs, the cuttings can be planted in a permanent place.

You can also use lignified cuttings 25 cm long for propagation, in which the lower cut passes immediately under the bud, but they need to be rooted in the same sand-peat mixture in a greenhouse.

Quince propagation by grafting

As a rootstock for grafting cultivated quince cuttings, seedlings or hawthorn rootstocks grown from quince seeds are used. The best varieties Provencal and Angers quinces are considered for growing rootstocks. Quince budding is carried out on a one-year-old rootstock in the first two weeks of August. However, more often quince is used as a rootstock for other crops, and not vice versa, so it is better to propagate quince not by grafting, but by other methods described by us. If you still decide to try budding a quince, find a section on the website about how to graft an apple tree.

Quince diseases

Most often, quince is affected by fruit rot, or moniliosis, powdery mildew, rust, rotting of the ovaries, brownishness of the leaves and gray rot of the fruit.

Moniliosis- a fungal disease that spreads in temperate zones in damp and humid spring, as well as in the first half of summer. First, the disease affects fruits that have mechanical damage: brown spots form on them, quickly increasing in size, their flesh becomes loose, loses its taste, as a result, the fruits fall off, but some of them turn blue, harden, but remain on the branches.

Control measures. Against fruit rot, quince is treated with Abiga Peak, Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate, Rovral, Teldor and other fungicides of similar action.

Brownish leaves manifests itself as many brown round spots on quince leaves. As the disease progresses, the leaves dry out and fall off prematurely.

Control measures. After flowering, treat the quince with a one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture. Collect and burn fallen leaves.

Powdery mildew appears at the ends of annual young shoots as a whitish or reddish coating, which, with the development of the disease, turns into a dense brown film with black dots - the fruiting bodies of the fungus. The shoots stop developing, the leaves become deformed, the ovaries crumble, and the quince dries out at the growing points.

Control measures. Immediately after flowering, the quince is treated with fungicides; after two to three weeks, spraying is repeated.

Rust- symptoms of this fungal disease appear as orange-brown bumps on the upper side of quince leaves, and oval or round pustules form on the underside. Over time, the spots turn into stripes, the leaves turn yellow and fall off prematurely.

Control measures. Treatment of quince from rust involves treating the tree twice with fungicides after the leaves bloom, with an interval of 2 weeks.

Rotting of the ovaries– this disease is also fungal in nature: first, dark spots appear on the leaves, gradually spreading throughout the entire leaf, and during flowering, pathogenic spores penetrate the buds and flowers, destroying the ovaries.

Control measures. As a preventive measure, sanitary pruning of diseased and broken branches, as well as the destruction of dry fruits, is considered. Good results are obtained by treating quince with a solution of Fundazol during flowering and immediately after it.

Gray rot manifests itself as necrosis - rapidly increasing brown spots on shoots and leaves. During periods of high humidity, the affected areas become covered with a fluffy coating. The causative agent of the disease is omnivorous and easily moves from one plant to another.

Control measures. Treatment of quince with Kuproksat, Oksikhom, Champion, or Topaz is effective in combating the disease.

In order to prevent quince disease, it is enough just to follow the agricultural practices of the crop:

• keep the soil under the crown clean;
• after harvesting, carry out preventive treatment of trees with a solution of Bordeaux mixture or copper sulfate;
• in early spring, using preventive treatment with the same copper-containing preparations, destroy pathogenic microorganisms that have overwintered in the soil around the tree trunk or in the bark of trees.

Quince pests

Quince is very resistant to pests, and usually a healthy tree does not have problems with insects. But still, sometimes quince can be occupied by fruit mites, apple moths, apple aphids and leaf-mining moths.

Control measures. After flowering ends, the quince is treated with a one percent solution of Fundazol or a one and a half percent solution of Dipterex. And, of course, it is necessary to keep the tree trunk area clean.

Fruit mites– brown and red – dangerous for almost all fruit crops. Their larvae oppress young shoots and buds, feed on their juices, and as a result the garden begins to “cry” - secrete juice from the wounds.

Control measures. Treating the tree during leaf fall with a seven percent urea solution prevents the appearance of mites on quince.

Aphid omnivorous and harmful to any plant. It feeds on the sap of leaves and young shoots, causing them to curl and become deformed, their growth stops and a black coating of sooty fungus forms on them. The worst thing is that aphids are carriers of viral diseases, for which there are no drugs yet.

Control measures. Aphids can be controlled by any of the insecticides listed in the article. There are also time-tested folk methods of combating this pest, for example, a solution of a grated piece of laundry soap in a bucket of water, which needs to be used to treat not only the top side of the leaves, but also the bottom. Folk remedies Aphids are good because they can be used often without any harm to the plant.

codling moth It can even gnaw through a walnut fruit. Her butterflies fly out of the ground immediately after the quince blooms. They are very prolific and manage to breed two or three generations in one season. Each codling moth caterpillar can damage several fruits during its life.

Control measures. Treatment of quince with biological preparations is effective against this pest, for example, a solution of 40-80 g of Bitoxibacillin or 20-30 g of Lepidocide, or 30-50 g of Dendrobacillin in 10 liters of water.

To avoid having to resort to treating quince with pesticides during the period of active growth, to protect the plant from the invasion of harmful insects, it is enough to follow the agricultural practices of the crop - for example, regularly weed and remove carrion from the area, mulch the tree trunk circle with peat or humus, use hunting belts that prevent crawling insects to the crown of the tree, as well as carry out sanitary pruning of disease-affected branches and shoots in early spring, followed by burning them.

And, of course, carry out preventive treatments of quince with a seven percent urea solution in early spring and late autumn.

Quince varieties

Among the cultivated varieties of quince, a distinction is made between oblong quince, or common quince, and Japanese quince. Both of these plants belong to the Rosaceae family, but are not species of the same genus, since Japanese quince belongs to the genus Chaenomeles, and, therefore, we will not talk about it today. Quince oblong, or common quince, being a monotypic genus, is represented by a large number of varieties, which, according to ripening periods, can be divided into early, mid-ripening and late.

Early quince varieties

The most famous early ripening quince varieties include:

• Oiler early– this variety ripens at the end of September. The fruits of Maslenka early are large, yellow-lemon in color, weighing from 190 to 350 g, round-conical in shape, ribbed, smooth. The pulp has a strong aroma, medium density, fine-grained and juicy, sweet and sour taste, white with a yellowish tint. During storage, the fruits become sweet and their astringent properties disappear;
• Crimean aromatic- a productive frost-resistant variety, resistant to subcutaneous spotting and ripening in the third ten days of September, with apple-shaped, smooth lemon-yellow fruits of medium size. The pulp is yellowish in color, juicy, and has a sour taste;
• Juicy– a winter-hardy and drought-resistant productive variety with medium-sized fruits weighing up to 250 g with yellow juicy pulp with a sour-sweet taste;
• Harvest Kuban– a high-yielding, winter-hardy, drought- and disease-resistant variety with very large fruits weighing up to 500 g with creamy, juicy pulp with a sweet and sour taste;
• Skorospelka– high-yielding and disease-resistant variety technical purpose with small-sized fruits with sweet and sour pulp of mediocre taste, which are not consumed fresh.

In addition to those described, such early ripening quince varieties as Aurora, Anzherskaya, Zolotistaya, Gold of the Scythians, Rumo, Nikitskaya, Zolotoy Shar, Kollektivnaya, Krasnoslobodskaya, Podarochnaya and others are popular.

Medium quince varieties

Medium-ripening quince varieties include those that ripen in the first half of October. These include:

• Kaunchi 10– Central Asian productive drought-resistant variety with average winter hardiness. The pear-shaped fruits of plants of this variety are medium in size, with a smooth, sometimes slightly ribbed surface, covered with gray felt pubescence, which is easily erased. The color of the fruit is yellow-orange, the aromatic cream-colored pulp is dense and sweet;
• Kubanskaya- a fast-growing variety, but its winter hardiness, as well as its drought resistance, is average. The fruits are small, weighing up to 250 g, round-cylindrical, slightly ribbed, heavily pubescent with gray felt pile, which disappears when ripe. The color of the fruit is orange-greenish. The pulp is creamy, juicy, sweet, with low acidity, medium density, stony cells located near the seed chamber;
• Astrakhan- a high-yielding quince variety with pear-shaped fruits of light yellow color of medium size and weighing up to 200 g. The pulp of the fruits is dense, creamy-yellow, fine-grained, tart-sour in taste;
• Golotlinskaya apple-shaped– the main advantage of this early-ripening, productive variety, which is undemanding to conditions, is the small size and compactness of the crown. Flat-spherical or cylindrical, ribbed, medium-pubescent fruits of a golden-yellow and green hue reach a weight of 280 g. The light yellow hue of the juicy, tart pulp retains a strong aroma even after processing;
• Berecki– consistently productive, partially self-fertile variety Hungarian selection. The Champion, Ispolinskaya, and Portuguese varieties are suitable for pollination. The fruits of this variety are pear-shaped, large - weighing up to 270 g, very tasty and aromatic - they are eaten fresh, like apples. The pulp of the fruit is yellow, juicy, of excellent taste;
• Trimontium – frost-resistant variety, the same-sized and medium-sized fruits of which are most often used for processing.

Mid-season varieties also include such popular cultivated varieties as Limonka, Otlichnitsa, Leskovats, Shchuchinskaya, Persidskaya and others.

Late quince varieties

• Zubutlinskaya– a productive, winter-hardy, wind-resistant and disease-resistant Dagestan variety of folk selection with very large, round, blunt-ribbed felt fruits weighing up to 800 g, golden yellow in color with light yellow juicy pulp of a pleasant taste;
• Vraniska Denmark– a high-yielding, wind-resistant and disease-resistant variety of Yugoslav selection with rounded, truncated, pear-shaped, slightly woolly fruits weighing up to 270 g of greenish-yellow color. The pulp is light yellow, dense and juicy, sweet and sour taste;
• Buynakskaya large-fruited– a high-yielding, self-fertile and early-fruiting, winter-hardy and disease-resistant Dagestan variety with very large pear-shaped or cylindrical fruits, sometimes reaching a weight of 700 g. The color of the fruits is light yellow;
• Ktyun-zhum (winter quince)– a very late variety released for the North Caucasus with smooth, wide-ribbed golden-yellow fruits, often weighing 800 g. The fruit pulp is light yellow in color, with an excellent sweet and sour taste;
• Portuguese– a partially self-fertile European variety of medium winter hardiness with short, pear-shaped, ribbed, slightly pubescent fruits of medium size. The pulp is aromatic, yellowish, tart.

Among the late quince varieties, Mir, Student, Ispolinskaya, Champion, Victoria and others are also popular.

Quince varieties for the Moscow region

If you, living in the Moscow region, decide to grow quince in your garden, keep in mind that it is more resistant to cold than apricot, cherry and even some varieties of pears and apple trees. Provided the root zone and lower part of the trunk are insulated, the following quince varieties can be grown in the Moscow region:

• Muscat– early-ripening, medium-sized, high-yielding, drought-resistant and winter-hardy variety, practically not susceptible to disease. This is the best quince for the Moscow region - it is easy to cultivate on dense soils. The fruits of plants of this variety are fluffy, felt-like to the touch, the flesh is light cream, rough;
• Firstborn– an early-ripening, moisture-loving, winter-hardy, productive variety that begins to bear fruit in the fourth year. Smooth, pubescent fruits, weighing up to 220 g, have rounded shape and pale yellow color. The pulp is aromatic, juicy, tender, cream-colored;
• Amber– a mid-season, early-fruiting, productive variety with average winter hardiness, but high drought resistance and immunity to fungal diseases. The fruits of plants of this variety are medium in size, apple-shaped, slightly ribbed, the color of the fruits ranges from bright yellow to amber. The pulp is very aromatic, bright cream or orange-yellow, coarse-grained, juicy, sweet and sour taste;
• Success– self-fertile, late-ripening, productive, drought-resistant and winter-hardy variety with round and smooth light yellow fruits with almost imperceptible pubescence and very sweet pulp;
• Krasnodar– a mid-season, winter-hardy and drought-resistant variety with medium-sized fruits, weighing up to 200 g, apple-shaped, slightly ribbed, amber-orange or bright yellow in color. The pulp is juicy, coarse-grained, bright cream or orange-yellow, with a strong aroma and sweet and sour taste.

In addition to the varieties described, in the Moscow region you can successfully grow the varieties Aromatnaya, Stepnaya Krasvitsa, Dessertnaya, Excellent, Blagodatnaya, Ranetnaya and Gurji.

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Japanese quince, or chaenomeles ( Chaenomeles) - not only an ornamental plant, but also a fruit plant. This is a shrub with a dense crown and beautiful glossy leaves. Japanese chaenomeles (Ch. japonica) can grow up to 2 and even 3 m, and Maulei chaenomeles (Ch. maulei), also called low Japanese quince, can grow up to 1 m. In May, the bushes are covered with numerous large bright flowers of a rare scarlet and red-orange flowers. There are varieties with different original flower colors. For example, descriptions of Japanese quince varieties such as ‘Nivalis’ are characterized by white petals, while ‘Pink Lady’ has pink petals.

Varieties of Japanese quince: photos and descriptions of shrubs

Chaenomeles develops and blooms better in an open place, but also tolerates partial shade. When planting Japanese quince, you need to take into account the fact that harsh winters branches above the snow cover freeze over. Chaenomeles is propagated by green cuttings, suckers and layering, species - by seeds.

Chaenomeles are planted in groups on the lawn

The Japanese quince shrub looks good as an addition to taller plants.

For example, chaenomeles can be used to cover the exposed stems of mock orange.

For those who decide to breed this plant, you should pay attention to some very important features in the description of Japanese quince. First of all, chaenomeles is a heat-loving plant, so experts consider regions with a mild climate to be favorable areas for its growth. If you plan to plant and care for Japanese quince in northern latitudes, where the temperature can drop to -30 ° C, you need to take into account that the part of the bush that is under the snow will definitely bloom in the spring, but annual shoots or buds that are above the level snow cover are unlikely to give a lush color.

However, even such slightly capricious and demanding characteristics of the Japanese quince do not stop skilled gardeners, because the plant is distinguished by a number of other features and advantages:

• for example, Chaenomeles is characterized by smooth, small, juicy green leaves;
• True, in addition to leaves, quince also has spines reaching up to 2 cm in length;
• fruits that resemble apples or apples are not very large in size - about 3-5 cm - and are located on the surface of the shoots;
• in landscape design, Japanese quince will delight the eye from May until about mid-June (flowering lasts about 20 days), when pink, white or red-orange buds will bloom.

After reading the description, look at the photo of the Japanese quince shrub to understand what shapes and colors this plant has:

Due to the fact that today there are many varieties of Japanese quince, real gardeners and those simply wanting to decorate their garden can choose the variety of plant that they like.

You can see in the photo a variety of Japanese quince, which is distinguished by its beauty and is very popular among connoisseurs - this is “Pink Lady”. It is characterized by a wide crown and pink or rich pink flowers. And the height of the bush is only 1.5 m.

In May and at the end of summer - August - Chaenomeles "Nivalis" is covered with wonderful white buds. It can grow both in width and height up to 2 m.

Pay attention to the photo of the Japanese quince “Hollandia”: This plant has red-orange flowers, dark green leaves and a wide crown. Chaenomeles can bloom twice - in May and August.

A plant variety such as "Vesuvius" is considered very miniature: it does not grow higher than 1 m. Despite this, its fiery buds fit delightfully into any garden.

If you look at the photo of a Japanese quince bush called "Crimson and Gold", then you will also join those people who consider him one of the most beautiful varieties. The color of the flowers of the plant is simply magnificent - rich scarlet buds with yellow stamens. And this beauty is most often used by real gardeners to create hedges, since this variety does not require pruning.

And here is Chaenomeles "Jet Trail", unlike "Crimson and Gold", spreads along the ground and decorates any lawn with wonderful white flowers. Moreover, the variety is completely devoid of thorns.

French breeders tried very hard when they developed the Simone variety.. This shrub has red-crimson flowers, bears green fruits and is distinguished by lodging shoots of almost round shape.

And if you want to get a real bonsai tree for your garden, choose the “Rubra” variety. Just keep in mind that for this you will have to carefully monitor its appearance and prune regularly.

Resistant varieties of Japanese quince for the Moscow region

Taking into account the climatic and soil specifics of the Moscow region, experts advise carefully choosing one or another variety of this plant. For the Moscow region, Japanese quince varieties should be distinguished, first of all, by their resistance. Therefore, you should pay attention to interspecific Chaenomeles hybrids and selection varieties.

For example, a Japanese quince called “Zubutlinskaya” would be a suitable option for residents in the Moscow region. It bears large fruits, is frost-resistant and resistant to various diseases. In addition, the plant is not afraid of northern winds. And, by the way, very tasty jam and juices are made from the fruits.

In addition to the named variety, you can also experiment with growing Japanese quince, which is called “Nicoline”. Because it is highly tolerant of low temperatures and produces lush scarlet flowers, this Chaenomeles species would be an interesting choice for your landscape design.

Another frost-resistant option, which has a beautiful soft pink color, is the “Pink Lady” variety you already know. An adult plant reaches no more than 1.2 m.

Growing and caring for Japanese quince in open ground: how to plant a shrub correctly

To know how to plant Japanese quince, carefully read the following recommendations from experienced gardeners. In principle, Chaenomeles is distinguished by a certain capriciousness and demandingness only at a young age. During this period, the plant really needs moderate moisture, which implies the absence of moisture stagnation.

Such difficulties should not arise in the future. True, you still need to take into account that in poor lighting the plant may not bloom so luxuriantly and is unlikely to bear fruit.

How to plant Japanese quince correctly so that it pleases you with its delicate flowers? As you may have guessed, you should choose a place for planting that is sufficiently lit.

Next, do not forget that in winter period the plant must be under the snow for some time. Therefore, look for a place where massive snow cover forms. And if snowstorms are very frequent guests in your area, do not forget to also cover the bush with spruce branches or fallen leaves.

A very characteristic feature of the plant is that it is able to develop well and grow in almost any soil. So if you plant a shrub on damp clayey or poor sandy soil, Japanese quince will be well accepted and will produce lush color. But this will only happen if the soil is moderately moist, as mentioned earlier, and rich in humus.

Chaenomeles will not be able to grow only on soils such as calcareous and saline soils. Please note that alkaline soil will cause leaf chlorosis.

It is best to plant Japanese quince in an area that is located on the south side country house, or in secluded corner, which is well protected from northern winds.

Pay attention to the photo of Japanese quince: if the planting was done correctly, your plant will produce a similar beneficial color:

You need to remember that if you decide to plant shrubs in the spring, you need to prepare the soil in the fall. To do this, you should completely clear the area of ​​weeds, if any, and keep the selected area under black fallow until planting. Fertilizers such as peat manure compost in a volume of 10 kg/m2, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers in a volume of 40 g/m2 must be added to the soil. This helps create the necessary water- and breathable ball of earth.

If you want to decorate your garden with a plant that has an open root system and plant it in a permanent place, choose the time for planting in the spring, when the soil has already thawed, but the buds have not yet begun to bloom. It is also possible to plant Japanese quince in the fall, but since Chaenomeles is heat-loving, it may suffer or even die.

Be sure to take a good look at the photo of Japanese quince, the care and planting of which suggests that the shrub will be planted in small groups or along paths to form a low hedge:

In such cases, each plant should be one and a half meters apart from each other if they are collected in a row, and at a distance of up to 1 meter if the quince forms a group.

Planting Japanese quince in open ground is considered incorrect: the root collar of the bush must be located at soil level, but the root should never be exposed! Another important point is that the root collar, which is too deep into the ground, does not contribute to slowing down the growth of Chaenomeles.

Remember that this plant reacts very poorly to transplantation, and an experienced gardener will never disturb it again. It is known that in one place a quince can produce lush flowers for up to 60 years.

Well, when chaenomeles has already been planted, it’s time to think about how to grow Japanese quince healthy and beautiful.

In order for the plant to bloom magnificently in the summer, the soil around it is carefully loosened to a depth of about 10 cm. This procedure is combined with the destruction of weeds.

For an even more effective result, which you will see if you look at the photo, in caring for Japanese quince they use a method such as mulching - that is, covering the ground with a layer of mulch (peat, sawdust or crushed bark) to protect the bush:

To apply this method, it is better to stock up on everything you need in late spring and carry out the procedure while the soil is still quite wet, but already well warmed up. In autumn, mulching is carried out only when a constant low temperature has already established.

When growing and caring for Japanese quince, which was planted a year ago, gardeners do not recommend using liquid fertilizers, which can easily injure young roots. And without the use of these products, the plant will have enough nutrients in the planting hole. But already in the second or third year, when spring comes and the snow melts, experts advise applying organic and mineral fertilizers.

They will contribute to the lush color and fruiting that you can see in the photo of Japanese quince, which was also grown using fertilizers in the form of liquid fertilizers:

Propagation of Japanese quince by seeds and cuttings

It is the seeds that are considered the simplest and most proven method of propagating Japanese quince by dozens of generations of gardeners. You need to know that when already ripe fruits are sent for processing and the core is cleaned, large brown seeds can not be disposed of, but left for further sowing. They are sown in the soil in the fall.

This method is so loved by many people because, thanks to it, you are guaranteed to get dense shoots next spring. But if you were unable to realize your plans during the mentioned period, you will have to plant the seeds for stratification - long-term aging (2-3 months) in peat or moist soil at a temperature of +3+5o C. In the spring, the seeds are naturally transferred to the ground.

You can resort to another method - propagation of Japanese quince by cuttings. However, experts say that this method is considered less effective. In most cases, the cutting procedure is used to preserve the varietal qualities of Chaenomeles.

Pay attention to the photo so that growing and caring for Japanese quince does not become a problematic and unloved activity for you in the future:

Remember, these green cuttings are usually harvested in early June, while the weather is dry but not hot. Be sure to cut them early in the morning. Gardeners say that the most effective in rooting - 80% guarantee - are cuttings cut with a small piece of last year's wood. They are also called “with heels”. To stimulate growth, use a solution of indolylbutyric acid with 0.01%.

The cuttings must be planted obliquely in a mixture of peat and sand (the required ratio is 1:3). If the outside temperature stays within +20+25° C, then rooting can easily occur in 40 days.

How to propagate Japanese quince by offspring

Since the plant always produces a lot of root shoots, you can use them too. Experienced gardeners have long known how to propagate Japanese quince in a similar way. To do this, shoots are selected that are approximately 10-15 cm long and at least 0.5 cm thick. Be sure to ensure that the offspring have a well-developed rhizome system. Then they are planted vertically and watered regularly so that the soil maintains the necessary moisture. Next, they resort to the mulching procedure that is already familiar to us - they fill the soil around the plant with wood chips, shavings or humus. True, chaenomeles grown in this way has one drawback: it was noticed that the plant produces smaller fruits than its counterparts propagated by seeds or cuttings.

But there is also a special advantage in this situation: with this method of reproduction, Japanese quince very often then spreads in different directions and at the age of 20 years can occupy an area of ​​up to 2 m2. This is very beneficial in cases where you want, for example, to hold the soil on some slopes.

Growing Japanese quince in the Moscow region: planting, care and pruning

A very valuable feature of the Japanese Chaenomeles is that it loves to preen itself. True, gardeners are in no hurry to approach the plant’s thorns. They do this only when they are armed with thick gardening gloves - leggings.

Japanese quince really needs sanitary pruning in the spring: during this period, all dry shoots that have died from frost should be carefully removed. To do this, you can use ordinary well-sharpened tools - a garden saw and pruning shears. After the procedure, be sure to treat the cut areas with garden varnish.

But how to prune Japanese quince if it is associated with the formation of a bush, which begins at the age of 4-5 years? Firstly, the procedure is carried out in early spring. Every year, part of the root growth is cut out.

Only 2-3 offspring are left for further growth. It is desirable that these are horizontal shoots that are located at a height of up to 40 cm from the ground. Other shoots that spread along the ground or grow vertically are safely removed.

Another type of pruning, which is indicated in the description of planting and caring for Japanese quince in the Moscow region, is a rejuvenating procedure. It is used when the plant reaches the age of 8-10 years. Gardeners understand that the time has come for this pruning when the annual growth is reduced to 10 cm.

The procedure is carried out as follows: the bush is thinned out, all thin and weak branches are removed, and only a dozen strong shoots are left.

• if the plant begins to experience necrosis and numerous spots appear on the leaves, this is a sure sign that the Japanese quince may soon die;
• in cases where chaenomeles is affected by cercospora blight, all kinds of brown spots, fading over time;
• brown spots are a sign of ramulariasis.

What then needs to be done to save the plant? It is urgent to use the most effective remedy - spray the bush with a solution of fundozol (0.2%) or use a copper-soap liquid, which is made by adding 100 g of copper sulfate to 10 liters of soapy water.

These products are considered quite dangerous, so there is another option: you can make a tincture from onions, and for this you need to infuse 150 g of husks in 10 liters of water for 24 hours. After filtering the drug, it is sprinkled on the plant throughout the whole summer every 5 days.

Moreover, Chaenomeles attracts many avid gardeners because it retains its regal appearance for a long time. Certain varieties can live up to 50 years! Blooms amazing plant in the spring, pleasing the eye and bringing pleasure to the inhabitants of the country house, and in the summer and autumn it shares its juicy fruits.

Japanese low-growing quince is very often used for landscape design garden paths. This variety does not grow higher than 1 meter. In addition, in May and early June, chaenomeles begins to be covered with orange-red flowers, which look very attractive in any garden.

Japanese quince is also ideal for creating hedges. It can be seen either individually seated or gathered in small groups, which very often create real artistic compositions.

In the garden, chaenomeles looks great on a trunk - a vertical or inclined element in the shape of a letter. To get the desired result, the plant should be grafted onto a pear or rowan using cuttings.

In combination with daffodils and Carpathian bluebells, Japanese quince helps add bright colors to landscape design.

In fact, there are many options for compositional solutions with planting Japanese chaenomeles. Much depends only on the imagination of the gardener himself. So – don’t be afraid to experiment!