Good day,
|
WATER HEATERS CAPACITIVE ELECTRICAL |
||
|
Manufacturing company Unitherm |
Country of origin: Germany |
Certificate of conformity GOSSTANDARD OF THE RF C -DE .AB 66.B .00374 |
ABOUTcompanies
German company Unitherm Haustechnik GmbH specializes in the production of water heating, heating, pumping equipment and electrical appliances.
All products are manufactured in factories in Germany and the EU and have the necessary certificates of conformity and quality. The latest technologies, the best price-quality ratio and modern design characterize the products as accurately as possible Unitherm and allow the company to occupy a leading position in the global market.
The company pays great attention to environmental protection. First of all, this concerns energy-saving technologies and devices that help reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and use energy more efficiently.
Device and principle of operation.
Storage water heaters have a tank in which water is heated. In this case, cold water is at the bottom of the tank, and hot water is at the top.When hot water is drawn from the water heater, it displaces cold water. Cold water enters the water heater from below, under pressure, and hot water is drawn from above. The diagram shows that the supply pipe cold water short, and the hot water intake pipe is long, therefore, all the hot water comes from above the water heater. In order for hot water to flow constantly, the water heater must have access to cold water, and it must be connected to the electrical network. It should be remembered that hot water from the storage water heater will not flow constantly, since hot water is displaced by cold water, and the heating element, although it turns on at this time, is not powerful enough to immediately heat the water.
Electric DHW water heaters - pros and cons
- Providing a sufficiently large volume of hot water (depending on the characteristics of the model you choose).
- Possibility of supplying hot water simultaneously to several water points
- Possibility of connection to a regular electrical network.
- There does not have to be a lot of pressure in the water main.
· The thermal insulation layer ensures that the water temperature in the tank is maintained for a sufficiently long time.
- The outlet water temperature can be very high (up to 75 0 C).
- Time required to heat water (minimum 20 minutes - depending on volume).
- When you consume little hot water, the device is forced to spend additional energy maintaining the temperature of the water in the tank, i.e. in fact, to heat it up.
- The main inconvenience of boilers is their size.
- Storage water heaters tend to be more expensive than instantaneous water heaters.
- Since water is stored in a container, its quality, especially drinking water, may deteriorate.
- With regular use, the magnesium anode needs to be replaced every 2-3 years.
Connection diagram for a capacitive electric water heater.
ELECTRIC STORAGE WATER HEATERS companies Unitherm
· Universal storage water heaters for installing heating elements, floor-mounted, 800-1000 l, stainless steel. steelUS... Uni S 59 kb
· Floor water heaters universal with the ability to install heating elements and/or heat exchangers with a capacity from 140 to 3000 l US...Uni
· Storage water heaters: electric, floor-mounted, 200-600 lUS,US...B 72 kb
· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, vertical, 30-200 lUSR 104 kb
· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, horizontal, 50-200 lUSR...H 86 kb
Capacitive electric water heaters.
Electric floor-mounted DHW heaters closed type seriesUS 200–600 B, US 200–400 with a capacity from 200 to 600 l, designed for floor mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 10 bar. The devices have single-phase 230 V or three-phase 400 V electrical connection(volume above 400 l) depending on power consumption, possibility of using a cheap night tariff (only US ...). Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points. To save energy, it is recommended to set the energy saving mode to 60° C.
Design
● Internal container made of steel ST 372, coated with anti-corrosion enamel;
● C removablethermal insulation from environmentally friendly pure material;
● Built-in heating flange (∅ 180 mm) with a heating element made of of stainless steel;
● Protective magnesium anode∅ 33x400–M8;
● Control unit and heating indicator on the heating flange;
● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment 20–75°C;
● Frost protection mode and safety temperature limiter.
IP 24 (protection against splashing water);
USR, with a capacity from 30 to 200 l, designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 6 bar ( USR 30–50) and 8 bar (USR 80–200). Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points and are used in both open and closed systems heating water. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 15 to 65°C ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°С ( USR 80–200).
Design
● Steel body, powder coated white;
● Internal container made of high quality steel ST 37–2 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by casting at a temperature of 850°C;
● Control unit and heating indicator on the front panel;
● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 15 to 65°C ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°С ( USR 80–200);
● Mounting bracket included
● High degree of electrical safety: type of protection IP 24.
Electric capacitive water heaters of the closed type seriesUSR... H, with a capacity from 50 to 200 l, are designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 8 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points and are used in both open and closed water heating systems. The horizontal position of the device allows it to be placed in conditions limited space. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 20 to 73°C.
Design
● Steel body, painted with white powder enamel;
● High quality steel inner container St 372 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by casting at a temperature of 850° C ;
● Thermal insulation from environmentally friendly material;
● Heating element made of stainless steel;
● Anti-corrosion magnesium anode;
● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 20 to 75°C, hidden under a decorative cover;
● Heating indicator on the front panel;
● Thermometer;
● Frost protection mode and protective temperature limiter;
● Mounting bracket included.
● High degree of electrical safety: protection class IP X 4 (protection against splashing water).
Design and principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters.
The principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters is practically no different from the principle of operation of capacitive electric water heaters. The main difference is the use of different water heating systems (electric heating element, water-to-water heat exchanger), and in water heaters with double-flange holes, their combinations.
Universal DHW water heaters - pros and cons
Positive characteristics:
- Providing a large volume of hot water (depending on the characteristics of the model you choose).
- Possibility of supplying hot water simultaneously to several water points
- Possibility of connecting various water heating systems (heat sources).
- There does not have to be a lot of pressure in the water main.
- High efficiency due to the use of various water heating systems.
· The thermal insulation layer ensures that the water temperature in the tank is maintained for a long time.
- High outlet water temperature (up to 95 0 C).
Negative characteristics:
- Time required to heat water.
· The volume of hot water is limited by the size of the tank.
- With regular use, the magnesium anode needs to be replaced every 1-2 years.
Universal floor-mounted storage water heaters of a closed type US...Uni volumes from 140 to 3000 l are optimally suited for providing hot water supply both in small facilities and in facilities with a large demand for hot water.
Water heaters are produced in versions with one (140-500 l) and two (300-3000 l) flange openings, which provides ample opportunities for combining water heaters for various heating systems - electric heating element or water-to-water heat exchanger, which are supplied separately.
All models with two flanged holes have a flange diameter of 240 mm (maximum power 2x45 kW), models with one flanged hole - 180 mm (maximum power 1x10 kW).
All water heaters are equipped with a threaded coupling for installing an additional heating element with a power of up to 9 kW.
Water heaters with a capacity of up to 500 liters are equipped with a metal casing, as evidenced by the M index in the model name. Water heaters with a capacity of 800 l or more are supplied in a soft, removable casing.
Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points.
Design
· Heating container made of high quality steel ST37-2 with double coating of environmentally friendly anti-corrosion quartz enamel;
· One flanged hole 180 mm (US ...1 M Uni) or two flanged holes 240 mm (US ...2 (M) Uni) for installing electric heating elements and heat exchangers, (unused holes can be closed with a plug and cover);
· Threaded coupling for installing an additional electric heating element;
· Highly effective environmentally friendly removable thermal insulation with a thickness from 50 (US ...1 M Uni) to 100 mm (US ...2 Uni);
· Magnesium anode or externally powered anode - for additional protection from corrosion;
· Fittings for connecting cold and hot pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting a return circulation pipeline;
· Hard metal casing (US...M Uni) or soft removable casing (US...Uni)
· Built-in thermometer.
Universal electric floor storage water heaters of a closed type US...Uni S with a volume of 800 to 1000 liters made of stainless steel, they are optimally suited for providing hot water supply in facilities with a high demand for hot water. Water heaters are produced in versions with two flange openings, which provides ample opportunities for the use of electric heating elements with a power of up to 10 kW each. The maximum operating pressure in the hot water supply system is 10 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points.
Design
- Heating container - stainless steel "inox» AISI 316 L , the weld is made using technology TIG in combination with plasma welding;
- High quality eco-friendly removable thermal insulation with magnetic closure, base color is white;
- Two flange holes∅ 134 mm at the front of the water heater;
- Thermometer;
- Fittings for connecting cold and hot water pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting a return circulation pipeline;
- Height-adjustable legs
Application of water heaters indirect heating justified when solid fuel or is installed in the heating system. If there is gas in the house, then it is easier and cheaper to use either single-circuit ones in tandem with gas water heaters. In the case of installing an indirect heating boiler, there can be no talk of it, since there are electric prototypes of it.
Operating principle of a cylinder water heater
Let's start with what an indirect heating water heater is - it is a reservoir in which water for household needs is heated due to the operation of the boiler. It performs the same functions as a regular one electric boiler. The tank can be connected to any boiler, but is usually used in tandem with solid fuel. The main thing is that the heater has a circuit for an indirect heating water heater. The operating principle is quite simple:
- the boiler circulates coolant through the built-in heat exchanger in the tank;
- hot liquid gives up its heat to the water in the tank;
- when the water in the tank reaches the set temperature, the circulation of the coolant through the heat exchanger stops;
- when the temperature drops, circulation resumes.
Korean ones are inexpensive, but this does not reflect on the quality - it is excellent.
The boiler is also in demand, especially among apartment owners.
As hot water is used, liquid from the water supply enters the tank. The tank has a recharge pipe that operates autonomously. The degree of filling is controlled by special sensors. Depending on the configuration of the tank, it is installed in a dead-end or DHW circulation system.
How to choose an indirect heating water heater
The components and materials of indirectly heated water heaters may vary, and this should be taken into account when choosing. You need to start with the materials. The main thing to look at is what the tank is made of. It can be made of ordinary steel or stainless steel. The latter is naturally better, but such a product also costs more. The service life of the product depends on the quality of the tank material, so this selection criterion is one of the determining ones.
When you have decided on the materials, you need to decide what kind of hot water system you plan to install. If this is a circulating DHW, then the indirectly heated cylinder water heater must have a pipe for recirculation. Main design elements:
- the tank itself;
- coolant circuit (connected to the boiler);
- temperature sensor;
- pipes for connecting DHW;
- pipe for replenishment from the water supply.
As additional options An electric heating element can be installed. This is an optional element, but it's still better when it is there. Hot water you use all year round, but there is no heating. It is unreasonable to fire a boiler just for the sake of heating water; it is much more convenient to use an electric heating element.
Heating elements can be dry or wet. From experience we can say that it is better not to use a dry heating element. It is more expensive and, despite all the efforts of manufacturers, it also burns out. A dry heating element is cheap, you can change it yourself, and it’s much easier to find on sale.
The last, optional element of the package is a built-in heat exchanger for alternative sources energy. The water in the tank can be heated using connected or.
When all technical points settled, all that remains is to choose the volume. Based on reviews, we can say that for a family of three adults, a 100-liter tank will be enough. But even if you take a larger tank, no unpleasant moments will arise during operation. The only thing is that it will take more time for the first heating. Then the water will be heated as it is used. If you do not open the hot water tap, it remains in the tank and does not cool down. The water heater is well insulated with polyurethane foam, so heat loss is minimal.
How to install a storage water heater
Installation of indirectly heated storage water heaters depends on whether your boiler has a special circuit for it. If yes, then all that is required is to connect the pipes of the heat exchanger built into the tank to the heater and insert the temperature sensor of the tank into the designated place in the boiler.
When the pressure in the heating system reaches a critical value, it releases.
Operation is more expensive, but installation is cheaper.
If you have a regular boiler, then the water heater is connected to the heating system, like another radiator. the main problem– this is control of the temperature of the water in the tank. Therefore, it is installed according to the principle of a warm floor - through mixing unit. An ordinary one is ideal for this purpose. three-way valve, to which the temperature sensor from the boiler is connected. Naturally, you need to follow basic rules: availability shut-off valves and installation of detachable connections (American).
Warm water in the bathroom and kitchen is a must modern life, making it better in every way. But centralized water supply, providing hot water to most residential buildings, does not always meet the criteria for quality service. And in rural areas or in holiday villages, the only way to take a hot shower is to heat the water yourself.
Convenience and indispensability of electric water heaters
The most obvious way to heat water is with an open fire or an archaic stove. Until recently, a wood-burning boiler, popularly nicknamed titanium, was popular in rural areas.
Wood-burning Titan
But lighting a titanium furnace or boiler is a labor-intensive task, moreover, it requires fuel and time, and which modern man will burden himself with difficulties if he is accustomed to receiving warm water just by opening the tap?
Convenient use of hot water That's why, electric water heaters They are practically irreplaceable sources of hot water in non-gasified regions that do not have reserves of easily accessible fuel.
Residents of city houses also install them, refusing unstable district heating, which is much better than depending on an unreliable heat supplier.
Water heater in a city apartment In addition, electric water heaters are much easier to use, maintain and connect than a gas boiler, which requires a reliable chimney for its operation.
Types of designs of electric water heaters
Water heaters, or as they are popularly called - boilers, differ in two constructive principles, determining their size and energy consumption:
The water in the boiler warms up to the required temperature in a few hours and is consumed as needed.
There are several methods of heating water, developed and introduced into mass production by such “titans” of the water heater industry as “Ariston”, “Bosch”, “Electrolux”, “Thermex”, “AEG”, “Drazice”, “Thermex”, “Titan” .
But unlike the “exotic” methods - microwave and heating water directly with electric current, “classical” heating using a hot spiral remains the most popular.
Heating water using a heating element
When leaking electric current According to the well-known Joule-Lenz law, significantly more heat is generated through a conductor that has increased resistance (compared to copper, aluminum or iron) than in electrical wiring wires.
Joule-Lenz law This physical regularity has made it possible to create heating elements based on nickel and chromium alloys with a high melting point.
Under no circumstances should water come into contact with the surface of the heated spiral - thermal electrochemical processes will very quickly destroy the material of the spiral.
In addition, direct electrical contact of live surfaces with water will be unsafe for users operating the water heater.
Dangerous voltage on the surface of a water tap Therefore, the heating element spiral is isolated from water masses, enclosing it in a sealed, waterproof structure with good dielectric properties and acceptable thermal conductivity.
Reasons for the popularity of capacitive water heaters
The design solutions of water heaters largely determine the type of heating elements used in them. For example, in instantaneous boilers, the spirals of heaters and pipes through which water circulates form complex system, difficult to repair.
Instantaneous water heater design But it should be noted that instantaneous water heaters do not consume electricity to heat the reserve volume of water.
Heating of water in storage boilers is carried out more simply - the heating element is installed at the bottom of the tank, and can be easily replaced by the owner of the water heater himself, without the involvement of a specialist.
Free access to the heating element of a storage water heater Because the instantaneous boilers To quickly heat the flow of water they require a sufficiently large power of electrical wiring, then such water heaters for a country house or an ordinary apartment are not the best choice, taking into account what kind of network there is in holiday villages or wiring in apartment buildings.
Therefore, a kind of “titanium” dominating the boiler market is the storage (capacitive) water heater, which is rightfully considered by users to be the best purchase for the ability to constantly use hot water.
Large range of storage boilers Whatever the type of heating element, it must be electrically safe, because water is an excellent conductor of current. Therefore, manufacturers of heating elements try to protect the conductive coil from water as best as possible.
Appearance of a tubular heating element for a water heater To do this, the heater spiral, together with heat-conducting insulators, is enclosed in a sealed metal tube that transfers heat to the water.
The electrical connection of the heating element is made in the part of the heating element inaccessible to water on contact terminals electrically connected to the coil.
Various designs Heating elements for water heaters Corrosion of storage tanks
One of the most big problems arising during the operation of a storage water heater is corrosion internal surfaces of the tank.
Corrosion occurs due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in water and its elevated temperature. Currents of an electrochemical nature arise in water.
The inner surface of the heater tank is covered with corrosion It is known that positive ions, tearing away from the metal surface, literally reduce the number of molecules, which affects the physical and chemical resistance of the material.
To prevent this from happening, inner surface The water heater tank is covered with enamel, protecting the metal surface from contact with water.
Another method of anti-corrosion protection is to use a more active metal (magnesium) as an anode, which will react to the resulting potential differences by releasing its ions into the reaction instead of steel.
Heating element with worn magnesium anode Modern water heaters are equipped software, which monitors the electrical activity of water, and uses an active titanium anode.
Principles for implementing corrosion protection using anodes Because titanium is very resistant chemical element, then it does not release ions into the reaction; instead, a constant electrical voltage is applied to it.
The voltage level on the titanium electrode is determined by the water heater’s software algorithm, which temporarily turns off the voltage and measures the current potential difference in the water.
Control panel of a modern water heater with program control The connection and adjustment of the operation of this electrode is carried out at the factory, and, as a rule, unlike the magnesium rod, which needs to be changed once a year, replacement of the titanium anode is not required during the entire operation of the water heater.
Types and design of heating elements for water heaters
Another problem that causes electric water heaters to fail is corrosion and destruction of the heating element itself due to the accumulation of scale on its surface.
Limescale impairs the heat transfer of the heating element, as a result of which the metal tube overheats and burns out. At this point, current leakage occurs through the scale moistened with water.
Breakdown and destruction of the water heater heating element With each heating element switched on, the electrical breakdown increases in size, and its resistance decreases until short circuit onto the hull through the water.
Current leakage through water can pose a threat to human health and life, so boiler manufacturers began to produce water heaters with dry heating elements.
Dry heating element for water heater This heating element has a slightly different design, in which heat is transferred through air gaps in ceramic insulators. The thermal conductivity and water resistance of the heating element is ensured by a steel bulb in contact with water.
Design of a water heater with a dry heating element Regardless of what kind of heater the water heater is equipped with, when connecting it, you must use RCD to protect against possible leaks that could result in electric shock.
Connecting electric water heaters
For self-installation and putting into operation an electric water heater, you must have minimal skills as an electrician and plumber.
The instructions for the water heater must clearly describe the entire connection process. If the user does not have enough experience with plumbing equipment, then it is better to delegate this area of work to the appropriate specialist.
Connecting water fittings to the water heater As already mentioned, water heaters, which are usually installed in the bathroom, must be connected to the electrical network using an RCD without fail, in accordance with the PUE standard.
Clause 7.1.48 PUE Electrical wiring must be designed for the power and current consumed by the water heater. Considering that boilers consume significant current, it is better to use a separate electrical wiring line, protected by a separate circuit breaker, to power them.
Most water heaters plug into a regular outlet with a grounding contact. In this case, the socket must have a higher degree of electrical protection - IP4, and have a hinged waterproof cover.
Socket with protective hinged cover IP44 Some high power water heaters can be connected to electrical network using connection terminals. The connection diagram and terminal location are indicated on the boiler body and in the user manual.
During a hot water outage, residents of city apartments have to resolve the issue of preparing hot water for household and hygienic needs.
Of course, you can heat buckets of water on gas stove or pour yourself over cold water. But, you must admit, such a prospect will not please many people. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is better to install an electric water heater that can provide you with a supply of hot water.
In the previous publication, we talked about which water heater to choose - instantaneous or storage?
If you do not want to pull a cable from the electrical panel on the site in order to connect an instantaneous heater, then it is better to buy a capacitive-type water heater.
Let's talk today about choosing a capacitive heater - what they come in design and volume, what to look for when buying a heater in a store.
Let's see how it works storage water heater to understand the principle of its operation.
The water heater circuit is shown in the figure below:
In the figure the numbers indicate:
1 – electrical cable to the electric heating element; 2 – cold water supply pipe to the heater; 3 – hot water outlet pipe; 4 - a heating element(TEN); 5 – thermostat; 6 – magnesium anode; 7 – water heating temperature regulator; 8 – tank; 9 – thermal insulation; 10 – outer covering of the water heater.
A video about storage water heaters is presented below:
Characteristics of storage water heaters
Before choosing a water heater in a store, you should decide on the basic characteristics that meet your needs.
Let's look at the main characteristics of tank-type water heaters.
Tank capacity
One of the most basic characteristics of a cylinder heater is the volume of its tank.
On sale you can find heaters of various volumes from 30 to 500 liters.
For use in an apartment, water heaters with a capacity of 50 to 100 liters are usually purchased. Read below about choosing the required volume.
Electric power
No less important characteristic is electric power heater. It will depend on its value whether you can plug it into a regular outlet or whether you will have to lay it from the shield to landing a special electrical cable for connecting the water heater to the electrical network.
The sockets in the apartment are designed to connect a load not exceeding 2 kW. Therefore, be sure to check the power of the heating element before purchasing a water heater.
It should be remembered that the lower the electric power of the heater, the longer you will have to wait until the next portion of water heats up.
Time to heat water to a certain temperature
This characteristic directly depends on the previous indicator. The more powerful the heating element installed in the heater tank, the less time you will have to wait for the water to warm up.
The lower its power, the longer you will have to wait until you can use hot water.
Geometric parameters
Today you can find cylinder water heaters in stores various shapes, which allows you to select a device of the required volume for any design and for various options placement.
Water heaters are produced as cylindrical, and a flattened configuration, the so-called “slims”, which can be easier to fit into the interior of the bathroom.
The water heater can be placed above the toilet in a mixed bathroom or above washing machine. This placement will allow you to use the available free space in the bathroom most economically.
Often, when free space in the bathroom is very limited, water heaters are moved to the kitchen. In this case, a small-volume water heater can be mounted under the kitchen sink so that it does not disturb general interior premises.
Most often, vertical water heaters are purchased, allowing them to fit into the interior most organically.
A vertical water heater can be placed above a bathtub, washing machine, washbasin or above a toilet - that is, where something is already installed on the floor.
Horizontal water heater
But sometimes it will be advisable to take a closer look at purchasing an electric water heater that has a horizontal orientation.
A horizontal water heater can be mounted above the shower stall.
Flat storage water heaters
Water heaters are best suited for a small city bathroom flat type(slim).
Due to their small thickness, they are much easier to organically place in the bathroom than round barrels.
What size water heater should I choose?
The volume of the water heater should be selected based on the number of family members and their needs.
If the heater will be used for hand washing before eating and for hygiene procedures morning and evening, then a minimum volume water heater (10-15 liters) will be enough.
If, in addition, you are supposed to take a shower or do a little laundry, of course, the volume should be larger.
It is generally accepted that for one person it is enough to purchase a water heater with a volume of 30-50 liters. Such a water heater will allow you not only to wash dishes or rinse your hands before eating, but also to take a shower or do a little laundry.
For a family of two people, a water heater with a tank volume of 50-80 liters will be sufficient. This is quite enough to take turns taking a shower or running a bath.
For a family of 3 people (with a child), you should focus on a water heater capacity of 80-120 liters. A volume of 100 liters can be considered optimal. This is quite enough for parents to take a shower and also fill a bath to wash the baby.
If there are more than three people in a family, the storage electric water heater must have a capacity of at least 100 liters (from 100 to 200 l).
In general, to select a water heater capacity, you can refer to the table below:
Storage water heater volume selection table
Which storage water heater is better?
When choosing, you should first give preference to water heaters famous brands have been on the market for a long time and have proven themselves well.
Water heaters Ariston, Electrolux, AEG, Bosch, Thermex, Stiebel, Gorenje They are very reliable in operation, have high-quality assembly and a long service life.
Prices for storage tank water heaters
Prices for tank-type water heaters vary depending on the brand of the manufacturer and the volume of the tank.
Most low price have small volume water heaters. Yes, water heaters Haier, Elsotherm, Atmor, Thermex a volume of 8-10 liters can be purchased for 2500-2900 rubles.
Water heaters with a tank from 15 to 30 liters will cost 3000-3500 rubles. behind inexpensive models. Ariston the same capacity will cost around 4,300 rubles.
From 3,800 rubles you can purchase water heaters with a capacity of 50 liters, and 80-liter models will cost from 4,090 rubles ( De Luxe W80V), 4290 rub. ( Haier ES75-A1).
More expensive models can cost from 15-20 thousand rubles. up to 40 thousand rubles (Stiebel).
***
Now you know what to look for when choosing an electric storage water heater.
In the next article we will talk about how to connect a storage water heater to a water supply, and also consider connecting the heater to the electrical network.
"Plumbing" (Publishing house "AVOC-PRESS"), No. 1, 2002
- main types of water heaters;
- short description instantaneous and storage (capacitive) water heaters;
- main types of storage (capacitive) water heaters;
- electric storage (capacitive) water heaters;
- combined storage (capacitive) water heaters;
- gas storage (capacitive) water heaters;
- main manufacturers of storage (capacitive) water heaters;
Almost every owner of both a large cottage and small house in the village. And city residents remember this problem at least once a year during a preventive summer shutdown of hot water supply.
The range of water heaters presented at Russian market very wide - dozens of manufacturers, many of the most different models. The purpose of this article is to help you understand at least a little about this equipment.
What types of water heaters are there?
|
There are several types of devices that heat water for domestic needs: electric, gas, solid fuel, indirect heating of hot water from the coolant of the heating system (they are often called “water-to-water”). Water heaters are also divided into instantaneous and storage (capacitive). In flow-through systems, water is heated as it moves past heat transfer elements (electric heating elements, copper pipes, plate heat exchangers). The main advantages of storage (capacitive) water heaters are comfort and convenience, because... you can always stock up a large number of hot water in advance. The main advantage of flow-through ones is their compactness. All water heaters can be divided into the following types:
This article will take a closer look at the most popular ones - capacitive water heaters (boilers). Using the example of products from the Czech company DRAZICE, the difference between electric water heaters (Fig. 1), electric ones with a built-in coil (Fig. 2) and indirect heating boilers (Fig. 3) is very clearly visible. |
Water heaters of the company |
Electric storage (capacitive) water heaters.
The use of electric storage (capacitive) water heaters is most optimal when you want to have sufficient quantity hot water, and the electrical wiring of your home or the amount of electricity allocated for your cottage does not allow the use of instantaneous water heaters, the average power consumption of which ranges from 5 to 27 kW.
Storage (capacitive) electric water heaters are quite simple and reliable devices, the main elements of which are an internal tank and a heating element - heating element. The tank volume of most manufacturers usually ranges from 10 to 200 liters, the power of the heating element is from 1.2 to 2.5 kW. These two parameters determine the heating time of the water in the water heater. For 10-15 liter boilers it will take approximately 30-40 minutes, for 200 liter boilers - 5-8 hours. In addition to the tank and heating element, water heaters usually include: a magnesium anode (prevents corrosion of the internal tank), thermal insulation (ensures that the heated water retains heat), a thermostat (allows you to set the desired temperature), an outer casing (determines appearance boiler), safety valve(to relieve excess pressure).
|
|||||||||
Gas storage (capacitive) water heaters.
Now a few words about storage (capacitive) gas water heaters. Their sales volume in Russia is much lower than that of electric ones. At the same time, gas water heaters in some cases are much more profitable than electric ones and their higher price more than pays off during operation, because the cost of gas is several times less than the cost of electricity. The comfort provided by storage (capacitive) water heaters gives them the opportunity, under certain conditions, to successfully compete with geysers.
It is important to note that many companies produce two types of capacitive gas water heaters:
- with natural draft (with open combustion chamber),
- With forced draft(with a closed combustion chamber).
Forced draft water heaters have the following advantages: they do not require additional air flow into the room to maintain the combustion process, they can reduce investment during installation, because there is no need to make an expensive traditional chimney, instead of which a short and inexpensive coaxial chimney can be successfully used. Their main disadvantage is their noticeably higher cost compared to water heaters with an open combustion chamber (about 1.5 times).
The main elements of gas storage (capacitive) water heaters are:
- tank, protected from the inside with a special coating and equipped with a magnesium anode for prevent corrosion,
- outer casing made of steel, covered coat of paint,
- insulation that reduces heat losses,
- exhaust hood preventing reverse flow waste gases,
- atmospheric gas-burner,
- Control block,
- a protection system that shuts off the flow of gas in the event of abnormal operation.
 |
 |
 |
| AMERICAN WATER HEATERS |
I will try to list some brands of capacitive water heaters that are widely represented on the Russian market.
1) Electric DHW Heaters:
- ARISTON (Italy)
- AUSTRIA EMAIL (Austria)
- BAXI (Italy)
- DEMIR DOKUM (Türkiye)
- DIMPLEX (Germany)
- DRAZICE (Czech Republic)
- ELECTROLUX (Sweden)
- EUROBOILER (Italy)
- GORENJE (Slovenia)
- IDROPI (Italy)
- ISEA (Italy)
- LIKE (Italy)
- STIEBEL ELTRON (Germany)
- TATRAMAT (Slovakia)
- THERMEX (Italy)
- THERMIA (Finland)
- WESTER (England)
2) - electric heating element plus coil:
- ARISTON (Italy)
- AUSTRIA EMAIL (Austria)
- DRAZICE (Czech Republic)
- EUROBOILER (Italy)
- GORENJE (Slovenia)
- IDROPI (Italy)
- TATRAMAT (Slovakia)
- WESTER (England)
3) Combined DHW water heaters- electric heating element plus firebox for wood:
- ARISTON (Italy)
4) Gas cylinders:
- AMERICAN WATER HEATERS (USA)
- ARISTON (Italy)
- VAILLANT (Germany)
How to choose a cylinder water heater from the many existing ones?
To select the volume of the water heater, you can focus on the average one-time consumption of hot water by one person.
- Bathroom 150 - 180 l
- Shower 50 - 90 l
- Washbasin 6 - 17 l
- Kitchen sink 20 - 30 l
Taking into account the number of family members and your individual needs for hot water, using this table you can choose the approximate volume of the required water heater.
Typically, the most popular models for use outside the city are boilers with a volume of 100 to 200 liters. In a city apartment, few people can afford to install a water heater of such a large volume, so in this case, boilers with a volume of 10 to 50 liters are often purchased, which may well brighten up the problems arising in connection with the annual summer shutdown of hot water supply.
Most companies produce boilers of both vertical and horizontal version(An exception is Electrolux, which produces models that can be positioned both vertically and horizontally). Which type to choose depends only on the convenience of placing the water heater in your room. If you don’t care, then it’s more logical to buy a vertical one, because... Usually, if all other parameters are equal, its price is lower.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to describe all brands of water heaters in the scope of one article, but I would like to hope that you have received a sufficient volume useful information, which will help you better navigate the products presented on the Russian market.
