Sewer lines are subject to wear and tear and will need to be replaced over time. Products made from polyvinyl chloride in the plumbing market have shown themselves to be positive side and in the near future they will replace outdated cast iron equipment.
Types of PVC pipes
Polyvinyl chloride is innovative material, used for the manufacture of pipes and fittings. Used when conducting internal and external sewerage, gravity drainage, pressure communications, etc.
When laying sewer lines, they rely on the recommendations of manufacturers: PVC products for internal sewerage exclusively gray, and for external decoration - orange.
Sewer pipes and fittings
The use of polyvinyl chloride products for interior spaces and a wide range of fittings allow you to create lines of any configuration. Their strength and reliability will cope with the loads arising in pipeline networks. However, this type is categorically inapplicable for outdoor use as it is not rigid enough.
External polyvinyl chloride pipes cannot be used inside the house, since they are not resistant to elevated temperatures. The scope of their operation is external communication highways. The diameter of the pipes is 100-150 mm, allowing for the removal of sewage from different buildings. Wall thickness is the main factor responsible for strength and durability.
Regarding application area sewer pipes PVC is divided into:
- SN-2 is a lightweight version, used in areas with light loads, in particular, in residential areas and when laying household communication systems indoors.
- SN-4 – compacted version, used when laying sewer lines under roads where there is moderate traffic load;
- SN-8 is a heavy-duty option designed for urban sewers and for areas with high levels of traffic.
Kinds sewer fittings At PVC assembly sewers important place occupied by shaped products:
- crosses and tees used for wiring;
- turn signals, due to which the direction changes;
- gearboxes designed for connecting sewer pipes of different diameters made of PVC;
- pipes - allow you to reduce the impact of linear expansion on communications;
- couplings, plugs, revisions, clamps, etc.
It should be taken into account: the fewer bends, the more economical the installation, and the design will be more practical.
Important! When laying a pipeline yourself, the price will consist not only of the cost of the main material, but also of auxiliary elements, and it is much higher than the price of a PVC pipe.
Advantages and disadvantages of PVC products
PVC equipment has a number of advantages compared to metal:
- not subject to corrosion;
- has smooth walls that prevent the formation of precipitation;
- does not conduct electricity;
- is not a source of harmful substances;
- susceptible to temperature changes;
- long service life;
- ease of assembly and installation;
- reasonable price.
Like any other equipment, PVC systems have weaknesses:
- PVC products used at temperatures below 15˚C require thermal insulation;
- low level of thermal conductivity;
- It is not recommended to use PVC pipes in places where the operating temperature is above 60˚C;
- the presence of damage reduces service life and load resistance.
Sewer insulation Important! PVC pipes located in the apartment do not require insulating coating. When laying communications externally, the pipeline must be insulated and insulated.
Technical characteristics of PVC pipes
Length, diameter and wall thickness are the main parameters according to which the dimensions of PVC pipes are determined. The table below shows standard sizes PVC sewer pipes and prices for them.
Type of sewer | External ⌀, mm | Internal ⌀, mm | Length, mm | Min wall thickness, mm | Average clearance, mm | Max wall thickness, mm | Price, rub/m |
| Internal | 32,0 | 30,0 | from 300 | 1,0 | 28,4 | 1,8 | from 24.0 |
| 40,0 | 38,0 | 1,0 | 36,4 | 1,8 | from 29.0 | ||
| 50,0 | 47,4 | 1,3 | 46,4 | 1,8 | from 51.0 | ||
| 75,0 | 71,2 | 1,9 | 70,4 | 2,3 | from 130.0 | ||
| 90,0 | 85,6 | 2,2 | 84,4 | 2,8 | from 199.0 | ||
| 110,0 | 104,6 | 2,7 | 103,2 | 3,4 | from 606.0 | ||
| External | 125,0 | 118,6 | from 1200 | 3,2 | 117,2 | 3,9 | from 229.0 |
| 160,0 | 153,6 | 3,2 | 150,2 | 4,9 | from 2300.0 | ||
| 200,0 | 192,2 | 3,9 | 187,6 | 6,2 | from 3800.0 | ||
| 250,0 | 240,2 | 4,9 | 234,6 | 7,7 | from 4300.0 | ||
| 315,0 | 302,6 | 6,2 | 295,6 | 9,7 | from 3500.0 | ||
| 400,0 | 384,6 | 7,7 | 375,4 | 12,3 | from 10000.0 | ||
| 500,0 | 480,4 | 9,8 | 469,4 | 15,3 | from 14900.0 | ||
| 630,0 | 605,4 | 12,3 | 591,4 | 19,3 | from 27700.0 | ||
| 800,0 | 769,2 | 15,4 | 751,0 | 24,5 | from 33,000.0 | ||
| 1000,0 | 960,8 | 19,6 | 938,8 | 30,6 | from 71400.0 | ||
| 1200,0 | 1151,0 | 24,5 | 1126,8 | 36,6 | From 92300.0 |
Branch under washing machine According to building codes PVC pipe diameters used:
- 25 cm – for washing machines;
- from 30 cm to 47 cm – for sinks;
- 50 cm – for wiring communications indoors;
- from 70 cm to 86 cm – layering from the riser;
- from 100 cm to 118 cm – for the toilet;
- from 150 cm to 190 cm – the section from the riser to city communications;
- 200 cm – drainage of waste water;
- from 240 cm to 300 cm – drainage of wastewater from reservoirs, swimming pools, Jacuzzis;
- from 300 cm to 1100 cm – urban sewerage systems.
Note! When laying sewer system you should adhere to the requirements of SNiP, otherwise stagnation of waste promises very unpleasant consequences.
Flare connection An important role in the installation and installation of sewerage systems is played by the socket, the main purpose of which is a quick and tight connection. Below is a table showing the standard sizes of sockets.
Nominal pipe ⌀, cm | Internal ⌀ bell, | Bell length, cm | Installation length, cm | ||
| Extended | Normal | Extended | Normal |
||
| 63,0 | 63,1 | 36,1 | 22,8 | 24,2 | 22,8 |
| 50,0 | 50,1 | 32,3 | 20,0 | 21,2 | 20,0 |
| 40,0 | 40,1 | 29,1 | 17,8 | 18,8 | 17,8 |
| 31,5 | 31,6 | 27,2 | 15,8 | 17,1 | 15,8 |
| 25,0 | 25,1 | 26,5 | 12,5 | 16,7 | 12,5 |
| 20,0 | 20,1 | 22,6 | 9,0 | 13,3 | 9,0 |
| 16,0 | 16,1 | 21,4 | 7,4 | 12,3 | 7,4 |
| 11,0 | 11,1 | 20,1 | 5,8 | 11,3 | 5,8 |
Main parameters of PVC sewer pipe
The weight of a polyvinyl chloride product depends on the wall thickness and diameter. However, this figure will be several times less than that of metal ones with identical parameters. At the same time, manufacturers are trying to reduce the material consumption of the product without losing strength. detailed information The weight of one linear meter of PVC sewer pipe can be found in the table below.
| diameter, mm | SN-4 | SN-8 |
| Weight, g | Weight, g | |
| 160 | 1830 | 2300 |
| 200 | 2900 | 3400 |
| 250 | 5000 | 5900 |
| 315 | 7900 | 9500 |
| 400 | 12800 | 15300 |
| 500 | 19600 | 24700 |
In addition to the above, selective information on pressure relative to wall thickness can be found in the table below.
| Diameter, mm | Minimum wall thickness | ||||
| Series, S | |||||
| 12,5 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 8 | |
| Pressure PN, atm | |||||
| PN-8 (atm) | PN-6 (atm) | PN-10 (atm) | PN-20 (atm) | PN-12.5 (atm) | |
| 630 | 2,4675 | 1,9740 | 2,9610 | 5,7246 | 3,7506 |
| 315 | 1,4805 | 1,4805 | 1,5792 | 2,8623 | 1,8753 |
| 900 | 3,4545 | 2,7636 | 4,2441 | 8,0934 | 5,3298 |
| 400 | 1,5792 | 1,4805 | 1,8753 | 3,6519 | 2,3688 |
| 750 | 2,8623 | 2,2701 | 3,5532 | 6,7116 | 4,4415 |
| 500 | 1,9740 | 1,5792 | 2,3688 | 4,5402 | 2,9610 |
Important! When purchasing a PVC pipe for sewerage, it is worth requesting a quality certificate to compare the declared and actual product values.
PVC Pipe Buying Guide
The huge variety of PVC pipes often puts the buyer in a difficult position, thereby complicating the choice. Before purchasing, you must carefully study the technical and physical properties of the product and decide under what conditions it will be used.
Conditions of use - Strength. Over long sections of the pipeline, sagging may occur. This phenomenon can occur when low-density PVC sewer pipes are used. IN similar situations Special brackets are recommended.
- Conditions of use. The time of using sewerage can be reduced significantly in cases where operating conditions are violated; for example, when aggressive particles appear in the pipeline.
- Length of the highway. Before designing a sewer system, it is necessary to make accurate measurements in accordance with the linear characteristics of PVC pipes; on straight long sections it is better to use solid ones.
- Diameter. On sections of the sewer main, pipes of one or another section are used. Thus, for drainage in the bathroom, products with a diameter of 50 mm are used, and when connecting to a central riser - 100 mm.
PVC pipes are reliable and practical, which is why they are leaders in the plumbing market. Before carrying out sewerage, you should carefully study specifications and requirements for operating conditions, compliance with which can significantly increase the service life.
The parameters and dimensions of plastic sewer pipes depend on their area of application - whether it is an internal pipe or an external one. The outer ones have greater wall thickness, and, consequently, strength. Plastic pipes differ in the material from which they are made:
- Pipes made of polypropylene (PP), the most common option, are produced in accordance with GOST 26996-86, which determines the composition of PP and copolymers. GOST does not establish a specific standard for them “plastic sewer pipes sizes”. But in conditions market economy standard sizes of PP pipes have developed independently: the following diameters of sewer pipes are available for sale: plastic pipes: 32, 40, 50 and 110 mm; length options: 150, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mm.
- Polyethylene pipes high density(PVP) are produced in accordance with GOST 22689.2-89. Since they are produced wound into spools and cut into lengths of any size required length, GOST establishes only their diameters: 40.50, 90 and 110 mm. PVP pipes are divided into pressure and non-pressure. For pressure pipes, GOST 18599-83 prescribes the diameter of sewer plastic pipes from 10 to 1200 mm.
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. The dimensions of this type of plastic sewer pipe are established by GOST 51613-2000. According to his instructions, PVC pipes should be from 10 to 315 mm in diameter, with a length of 4 to 12 m.
Plastic pipeline with a diameter of 5 cm
Carrying out construction and repair work cannot be done without installing or replacing a sewer system. Iron and cast iron sections are gradually becoming a thing of the past. They are heavy, susceptible to corrosion and have a high price. Their use makes sense only at those facilities that experience high operational load.
To create internal sewer systems in residential buildings, government and commercial organizations, shopping, entertainment and sports centers, plastic pipes of 50 mm diameter are used. These products have excellent characteristics and weight positive qualities. Their use allows you to carry out plumbing work quickly and efficiently.
Advantages of 50 mm PVC sewer pipes
Plastic products have a wide range of applications due to their many advantages.
These include:
- Ease. The weight of 50 mm polyvinyl chloride pipes is quite small. They are tens of times lighter than similar metal products. This makes them easy to transport, carry and install.
- Affordable price. The mass production of this product has led to the fact that prices for 50 mm PVC pipes for sewerage have become purely symbolic.
- Ecological cleanliness. According to the plastic pipe certificate DU 50, these products can be used in residential premises, hospitals, kitchens and kindergartens. Plastic does not pose any danger to human health.
- Corrosion resistance. PVC pipe TV 50 for sewerage is not susceptible to rotting and mold.
- Durability. The service life declared by the manufacturers of PVC drainage pipes with a diameter of 50 mm is at least 50 years.
- Presentable appearance. PVC 50 sewer pipelines have a smooth, shiny surface that does not require painting.
- Rovnaya inner surface. Food residues do not linger on it and deposits do not form.
- Possibility of installation both indoors and outdoors. Plastic pipes diameter 50 has a wide temperature Range operation.
- Simplicity and high speed of installation. The sections are connected using sockets equipped with a rubber gasket.
- Low thermal conductivity. Thanks to this, condensation does not form on the pipeline.
- Good soundproofing properties. This quality helps to significantly reduce the noise of water running along the main line.
- A large assortment various fittings for the construction of structures of any complexity. Corrugated PVC pipe 50 mm allows you to install sewerage in the most difficult conditions.
You can purchase 50 mm PVC pipes at any hardware store.
Application area
Application of plastic pipelines
Due to their many advantages and varied sizes, 50 mm plastic sewer pipes have a fairly wide range of applications.
According to the method of use, they are divided into the following categories:
- For the construction of an internal sewer system.
- For the installation of external sewage systems.
- To create a rainwater drainage system.
- For arranging water pressure systems.
Based on their purpose, the walls of the products have different thickness and material of manufacture. The most durable are those produced for pressure systems. 50 mm plastic pipes for internal lines have the least strength, as they do not experience strong impact. They are used to divert Wastewater from kitchen sinks, washbasins and bathtubs. But even they have sufficient strength to withstand a strong impact or bending.
On a note: For ease of use, fragments for arranging the external drain are painted bright Orange color. This draws attention to them, which helps prevent destruction of the drain system.
Internal systems can be assembled from white, black and gray material. The most practical is gray plastic. Dust and scratches are practically invisible on its surface.
For ease of use, the following elements are used when assembling sewer systems:
- tees for creating a branched highway;
- adapters for inserting 50 mm plastic pipes into 110 mm risers;
- couplings for connecting identical fragments;
- angles for making highway turns;
- stubs.
Fittings are more durable than pipeline products. To ensure insulation, special glue and sealant can be used. Given the fact that rubber gaskets They fail quickly, you can purchase a set of spare gaskets.
Characteristics of sewer pipes with a diameter of 50 mm
When designing a sewer system, you need to rely on the properties of the material that will be used. This will help avoid mistakes and subsequent rework.
The main indicators and dimensions of a 50 mm PVC sewer pipe are as follows:
- outer diameter - 50 mm;
- inner diameter- 45 mm;
- wall thickness - 22 mm;
- manufacturing material - polyvinyl chloride, which does not support combustion;
- length of one section - 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300 cm;
- operating temperature - from - 40° C to + 90° C;
- impact strength - 2.2 kg/1 running meter;
- connection method - socket.
The assembly of sewer systems is carried out by joining parts in sockets or using fittings. Cutting of workpieces is carried out with a hacksaw for metal. Fastening to the surface is carried out using clamps. The walls of the pipes are quite strong.
Important detail: The technical characteristics of the 50 mm PVC sewer pipe allow it to be filled with liquid concrete. This can be used for laying various communications in walls and horizontal slabs.
Features of the operation of plastic pipelines
PVC sewer pipes 50 mm do not require the creation of greenhouse conditions for transportation, storage and operation.
When working with these products, you must adhere to several rules:
- Do not use them for the construction of fire water pipelines.
- Only saw workpieces hand tools. The grinder can greatly melt their edges. After cutting, the edges of the cut are thoroughly cleaned of burrs.
- To avoid bending, products should be stored horizontally.
- It will be easier to join the fragments if the rubber gaskets are lubricated with Vaseline or silicone.
Assembling a sewer system is a fairly simple task, which is accessible even to a beginner.
Video about joining sewer pipelines of different sizes
The use of polymer pipes to create sewerage systems is due to several factors. They are easy to install, have good performance properties, and are inexpensive.
A large selection of manufacturers and types of these pipes implies at least minimal knowledge of their characteristics. PVC is one of the most popular types of material for sewer pipes.
The scope of application of PVC pipes is determined by their physical properties. First you need to know the nature of the origin of this material.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) belongs to a group of thermoplastics that, after heat treatment, retain their shape even under mechanical stress.
Polyvinyl chloride contains ethylene and stabilized chlorine. Additional additives are also used for production to improve mechanical and thermal properties.
Pipes made of this material are intended for the implementation of sewerage systems.
They are divided into the following types:
- for internal sewerage;
- for external sewerage;
Photo: external sewerage
- for pressure systems;
Photo: pressure sewer system - for gravity drainage of wastewater.
Photo: wastewater discharge This classification can be applied to those pipe models whose production material has been processed accordingly.
Currently, there are 2 types of PVC pipes:
- PVC polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
- unplasticized polyvinyl chloride PVC-U (PVC-U).
In most cases, PVC-U pipes are used, as they have the best technical characteristics and can be used for pressure sewer systems.
Specifications
The performance properties of PVC pipes are determined according to their technical characteristics.
There are several fundamental parameters that are unique to this material:
- high mechanical strength. When using 3-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation, PVC pipes can be installed in external sewerage systems at a depth of up to 8 m;
- resistance to impact aggressive environment. This applies to a greater extent to PVC-U, since it is this material that is used for transporting chemical liquids and gases;
- the smooth internal surface ensures the free passage of solid elements included in fecal water;
- The maximum internal pressure values depend on the wall thickness and pipe design. They can withstand from 6 to 16 bar;
- Temperature restrictions are the main drawback of these pipes. Allowed Maximum temperature environment +65°С and minimum -10°С. In some models, short-term exposure to +90°C is allowed;
- specific gravity is about 2 kg/m.p., but can vary depending on the diameter and wall thickness;
- maximum tensile strength – 50 MPa;
- service life – up to 50 years.
These parameters may vary depending on the quality of production and type of pipe construction.
Pipe sizes
When choosing pipes for laying a sewer line, you should pay attention to their structure and dimensions. The latter will directly affect the sewerage parameters - throughput and mechanical strength.
Also, the length of the pipes can significantly affect the cost of the entire sewer system - minimizing waste when using optimal sizes length.
Pipe diameters
An important characteristic of PVC pipes is their diameter. will be correct if the diameters are selected according to the technical characteristics of the system.
When choosing, you should take into account a certain classification of this indicator.
Photo: types of pipe diameters Inner diameter
It is fundamental when calculating pipeline capacity. Measured from accounting maximum distance between the inner plane of the pipe.
The outer diameter depends on the wall thickness and its size is necessary for the selection of installation and insulating materials. When designating pipes, indicate only outside diameter.
The maximum and minimum diameter sizes depend on the type of sewer system - external or internal.
The dimensions of the pipes, depending on the type of plumbing fixture connected, are shown in the table:
Photo: recommended pipe diameters for internal sewerage As for external sewerage, the size is not regulated. But there are clear recommendations that the diameter of the outlet pipe from the house should not be less than the external main.
For private houses, it is possible to install pipes with a diameter from 110 mm to 250 mm. In systems with heavy loads, structures up to 400 mm can be used.
Wall thickness
The thickness of the pipe walls varies depending on their stiffness class. This parameter is necessary to determine the degree of protection from external mechanical influence.
For internal sewerage, the thickness is not standardized, but for gravity systems it should not be less than 1.8 mm.
Pipes for external installation have more severe operating conditions and therefore there is a strict correspondence between diameter and wall thickness;
- SN2 light – wall size starts from 2.2 mm (diameter 50 mm) and up to 5.9 mm. The burial depth for these pipes is no more than 4 m;
- SN4 medium – the wall can be from 3 to 7.7 mm. Installation depth – up to 6 m;
- SN8 is heavy - thickness starts from 3.2 to 9.2. Maximum depth installation – 8 m.
Important! It is worth noting that the choice of pipes for external sewerage should be based precisely on the wall thickness, and not on the outer diameter. Even for the light class you can find a pipe with a diameter of 500 mm, but with a very thin wall (3.2 m).
Difference from other polymer pipes
Polyvinyl chloride is not the only polymer material, used to make sewer pipes.
In addition to it, the following compositions are also used:
Polyethylene PE
This material differs from the usual transparent film. For the production of pipes, so-called cross-linked polyethylene is used. It has increased resistance to UV radiation and can withstand heavy loads.
Distinctive indicators:
- the upper threshold of liquid temperature has been increased to 95°C;
- installation is possible only by soldering;
- pipes can be used for both sewerage and water supply. Including hot water supply.
Polypropylene PP
A popular material for the production of external sewerage pipes. Its properties are almost completely similar to polyethylene, but it is more rigid.
Differences from PVC:
- labor-intensive to process. To cut a certain length, special equipment is required;
- connection to each other only by soldering. For some types of operation, an adhesive coupling connection is permitted.
The table shows the main physical indicators polymer pipes from various materials:
Photo: main physical indicators of polymer pipes made of various materials Advantages
PVC pipes have a number of advantages, which determine their popularity as the main material for laying sewers:
- relatively low cost. Due to low production costs, their price is currently the most affordable compared to pipes made from other materials;
- ease of installation. The connection occurs using a socket method, which does not require the use of special equipment. Due to this factor, the dismantling procedure is simplified;
- large selection of connecting and branching elements. This simplifies the design of pipelines with complex configurations;
- corrosion resistance. This factor is a consequence of 2 physical properties PVC pipes – smooth internal surface and resistance to aggressive environments;
- lack of electrical conductivity. PVC is a dielectric, so there is no need to install grounding.
Classification
PVC pipes are classified according to several criteria: maximum load and performance indicators.
Hardness index:
- N – ring stiffness can reach up to 4 kN/m²;
- S – the same parameter has a maximum value of 8 kN/m².
By performance characteristics The following gradation has been developed, which is possessed by:
- SN-2, SDR51 series S25 - their structure is not designed for external influences. Can be used for external installation with a very low pressure coefficient on the surface;
- SN-4, SDR41 series S20 – can be installed under roads with low traffic and with vehicle weight restrictions;
- SN-8, SDR34 series S16.7 - the toughest class of PVC pipes. Able to withstand high and long-term pressure on the surface. They are used for laying highways with large internal and external loads.
Internal pipes
When designing internal sewerage, in most cases they use special pipes Gray PVC.
Photo: pipes for internal sewerage In terms of hardness they belong to the light class and cannot be used for outdoor work.
All pipes of this type have the following characteristics:
- smooth-walled;
- type of connection - socket;
- the most popular diameters are 32, 40, 50 and 110 mm;
- The pipe length can be from 315 to 3000 mm.
Because of good performance rigidity, these pipes are ideal as risers for private houses. For installation complex systems sewer pipes, special elbows, tees and adapters are used.
External pipes
For external sewerage, it is necessary to use special PVC pipes. They must correspond to their stiffness class and have the required wall thickness.
Depending on the type of structure, they can be:
- smooth-walled or single-layer. Outwardly, they are similar to pipes for internal sewerage, but differ in geometric parameters and color (orange, yellow);
Photo: smooth-walled or single-layer PVC pipes The table shows the main geometric and technical characteristics of smooth-walled pipes.
Photo: basic geometric and technical characteristics of smooth-walled pipes - corrugated or three-layer. Manufactured by extrusion. Moreover, PVC-U corrugation is used as a protective layer, which has good mechanical strength. The inner soft PVC layer ensures low friction during the passage of wastewater.
Photo: corrugated or three-layer PVC pipes For external sewerage, the above pipes with a diameter of 110 to 630 mm are used.
Pressure
PVC pressure pipes are used in sewerage systems with forced removal of wastewater using pumping equipment.
Due to the relatively high pressure on the internal walls, special requirements are imposed on them in terms of thickness and the method of their connection.
Photo: PVC pressure pipes Currently, three types of pressure pipes are produced, which are characterized by different maximum internal pressure indicators - 0.6, 1 and 1.25 MPa.
In addition, they are divided according to the method of connecting to each other:
- glue method. The connection occurs using special fittings and glue. When cutting, it is necessary to remove the chamfer. Process the edges, apply a layer of glue and secure the connection using clamps;
- trumpet. Installation occurs by installing the socket end into a straight section of pipe. They are pre-treated with silicone grease.
Important! During installation pressure sewer attention should be paid to the tightness and strength of the connecting elements.
Gravity
Gravity pipes are used for installing a gravity sewer system, i.e. in this case, the wastewater is removed under the influence of gravity.
For such sewerage, you can use standard pipes with a socket connection. But it is important to take into account the possible external load (external sewerage) and the angle of inclination of the pipeline.
Prices
The cost directly depends on the manufacturer, the diameter of the pipes, the method of their manufacture and application - for external or internal sewerage. Table 4 shows the estimated prices for the main types of PVC pipes.
| Size, mm | Application, external internal | Price, rub/m.p. |
| 50 | Internal | 60 |
| 110 | Internal | 120 |
| 110SN4 | External | 165 |
| 160SN4 | External | 280 |
| 200SN4 | External | 445 |
| 250SN4 | External | 730 |
The optimal choice for a sewer system should take into account the manufacturer’s reputation and system parameters, which will determine the required characteristics of the pipelines.
Video: installing PVC pipes on a sewer using Griffon glue
To select the right pipelines, you must take them into account geometric parameters. One of the most important indicators is the diameter of PVC, PPE, and cast iron sewer pipes.
Pipe dimensions and area of use
There are certain standards according to which the size of a sewer pipe depends on the area of its use. Thus, a pipeline with a diameter of 40–50 mm is installed in kitchen and sink drains, and 75–100 mm in diameter in the sewer leading from the toilet.
Standard parameters depend on the volume of water that must leave the container in a certain time. For example, in an apartment in a multi-storey building there are standard toilets, from which a large volume of water along with waste must come out in a short period of time. Therefore, in most cases, the diameter of plastic or cast iron pipes not less than 110 mm.
Table on how to choose the internal diameter for a sewer pipe depending on the use of the outlet:
If you have non-standard parameters plumbing systems, then before installing a sewer system, it is necessary to determine the relationship between the amount of wastewater and the rate of its discharge. For this, certain geometric parameters are calculated.
In addition to the fact that the correct diameter allows you to calculate the water drainage rate, pipe cleaning is also carried out taking this parameter into account. For example, the technology of sewer cleaning with Kärcher systems is now very popular, but they are used only on pipes with a diameter of 100 mm or more.
Pipe calculation
To individually select a pipe for installation in houses, cottages or in the country, it is necessary to calculate the permeability. To calculate the useful pipe diameter (internal d), you need to know the following parameters:
- D – outer (external) diameter, mm;
- B – wall thickness, mm;
- m – mass of a linear meter of pipe, g (necessary to take into account the number and type of fastenings, if necessary complete replacement pipeline);
- S – cross-sectional area, mm 2.
Formulas for calculation:
S = π/4 (D 2 – d 2);
Many manufacturers polyethylene pipes mark most of the required parameters on the communication. But, as a standard, only the outer diameter (D) and wall thickness of the outlet are initially known. Most important parameter is the internal diameter, with its help the pipe is connected to the main and the sewerage is laid, the selection of additional elements, fittings, etc.
Moreover, unlike polypropylene plastic pipes, cast iron sewer communication Initially, the manufacturer indicates the useful internal diameter. Like steel, it is designated DN. May have different meanings, in whole numbers, for example, DN 110 or DN 200. This means that this pipe has a nominal water drainage diameter of 110 or 200 millimeters, respectively.
How to determine pipe sizes
Foreign-made polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and other plastic communications are most often designated by inches. It may also be that you need to install fasteners on the pipeline, but its dimensions are also given in inches, while the pipe is indicated in mm.
To do this, you need to translate the known inch dimensions in millimeters. According to the data, 1 inch is 25.4 mm. It turns out that a pipe with a diameter of 2 inches = 50.8 mm, etc. Fractional values are very often used, this is how clamps, fittings, couplings and communications are marked.
Let's look at their meaning in the table:
| In inches | In millimeters | In inches | In millimeters |
| 1/8 | 3,2 | 1 1/8 | 28,6 |
| 1/4 | 6,4 | 1 1/4 | 31,8 |
| 3/8 | 9,5 | 1 3/8 | 34,9 |
| 1/2 | 12,7 | 1 1/2 | 38,1 |
| 5/8 | 15,9 | 1 5/8 | 41,3 |
| 3/4 | 19 | 1 3/4 | 44,4 |
| 7/8 | 22,2 | 1 7/8 | 47,6 |
| 2 1/8 | 54 | 3 1/8 | 79,4 |
| 2 1/4 | 57,2 | 3 1/4 | 82,6 |
| 2 3/8 | 60,3 | 3 3/8 | 85,7 |
| 2 1/2 | 63,5 | 3 1/2 | 88,9 |
| 2 5/8 | 66,7 | 3 5/8 | 92,1 |
| 2 3/4 | 69,8 | 3 3/4 | 95,2 |
| 2 7/8 | 73 | 3 7/8 | 98,4 |
But, when measuring a socket manually, for example, with a ruler, the nearest one is always taken minimum size. For example, the diameter in millimeters of a sewer pipe for a sink is 34. It turns out that the outer diameter is 1 ¼ inches. Be careful when selecting sizes, otherwise you will have to buy additional spacers or adapters. But the coupling is selected based on the nearest larger indicator, i.e., 34 mm will be considered 1 3/8 inches.
Video: Pipe joining different diameters in the sewer.
Steel two-way communications can have various indicators on different sides, you need to double-check the data. This can be done by experimental measurements with a caliper or plug gauge.
Table: Diameters ceramic pipes SNiP
Before you buy sewer pipes large diameter, you need to familiarize yourself with the requirements of SNiP. There are systems designed for use in large cities; accordingly, they have larger diameters and communications that are used in urban-type settlements or villages. Based on the standards specified in sanitary standards and rules:
- For installation of sewerage systems in urban networks with a flow of more than 300 cubic meters for 24, pipes with a diameter of 150 mm are used;
- To carry out the installation of drainage for production premises– up to 130 mm, but it is necessary to use a sealing collar;
- Laying pipes for non-pressure sewers is permitted with communications up to 100 mm.
Various domestic and foreign companies are engaged in the production and installation of sewerage pipes. The price of communications directly depends on the diameter and material of the drain. Before installing already selected pipelines, it is advisable to consult with a specialist in order to prevent possible leaks and emergency situations due to a discrepancy between the requirements and the purchased pipes.
