“AGREED” / “APPROVED”

TECHNICAL REPORT

for operational and adjustment work at the facility, an automated hot water boiler house with a capacity of kW, located at:

St. Petersburg 20__

1. INTRODUCTION

Operational and adjustment work of the boilers was carried out on an automated gas hot water boiler house with a capacity of kW, intended for heat supply to a building located at the address: St. Petersburg. Regime and adjustment work was carried out by a company that has the appropriate permits. Operational and adjustment work included operational and adjustment tests of boilers together with main and auxiliary equipment, testing of all technological installations, auxiliary equipment, instrumentation and automation with setting up and testing of protection sensors, safety and regulation automation and alarm systems.

Regime and adjustment work was carried out in the period from “__” ___ 20__ to “__” ___ 20__.

The goal of the work was to perform routine adjustment of the boiler room equipment and achieve the highest indicators of efficiency and operational reliability.

Regime and adjustment work was carried out on boiler room equipment:

• security automation;
• boiler automation;
• automatic gas burners;
• thermal conditions of boilers;

The following specialists took part in the commissioning work:

2. BRIEF TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE OBJECT

2.1 PURPOSE AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

2.2 STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF BOILERS

2.3 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE BURNER

2.4 BURNER SPECIFICATIONS

2.5 PUMP SPECIFICATIONS

2.6 AUTOMATION OF SAFETY AND CONTROL OF THE BOILER ROOM

2.6.1 OPERATING AND EMERGENCY ALARMS.

2.6.2 DISPATCHING

3. TEST CONDITIONS

Commissioning tests of the boilers were carried out under normal operating conditions.

In the process of preparatory work preceding the tests, the technical condition of the boiler equipment was checked.

Before starting the balance experiments, rough experiments were carried out in order to identify critical excess air at each load. To construct boiler characteristics that ensure the reliability of measurement information, two load modes were tested on the boilers, and each experiment was duplicated to eliminate errors.

The load was generated by the heating and hot water supply system of the facility.

The main fuel consumption was measured using a meter installed at the gas inlet into the boiler room, adjusted by temperature and pressure on the controller.

Automatic safety ensures that the fuel supply to the burner stops when it reaches limit values the following parameters:

• differential air pressure on the burner fan;
• water pressure in the boiler;
• gas pressure in front of the cat;
• temperature of water leaving the boiler;
• burner flame goes out;
• malfunction of protection circuits, including loss of voltage;
• actuation fire alarm in the boiler room;
• gas pollution in the room.

4. METHOD OF THERMAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS

Operational and adjustment tests are carried out according to the methods of Prof. M.B. Ravich, which provides for a set of measurements and calculations necessary to assess the efficiency of boilers. When taking measurements, stationary measuring instruments and portable devices.

During testing, the following measurements are performed:

• gas consumption;
• water pressure at the inlet and outlet of the boiler;
• temperature of gas and air for combustion;
• water temperature before and after the boiler;
• temperature and composition of gases behind the boiler;
• pressure in the gas path of the boiler.

5. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF WORK COMPLETED

5.1 BOILER OPERATION PARAMETERS

5.2 WEIGHTED AVERAGE EFFICIENCY “Gross” and “Net” BOILER HOUSE

Boilers operate stably and economically at given loads.

The economic indicators of boiler operation in the selected modes practically do not differ from the manufacturer’s passport data.

To ensure an uninterrupted supply of heat to consumers and maintain economical operation of boilers and auxiliary equipment, the following recommendations must be followed:

— Operate boilers according to operating schedules.

— Monitor the operation of boiler room auxiliary equipment.

— Monitor the technical condition and quality of operation of safety automation systems and regulation of basic technological processes.

— Systematically identify and immediately eliminate areas of water loss through leaks in fittings, seals and flange elements.

— Monitor the condition of the thermal insulation of boilers and its pipelines.

— Periodically carry out operational adjustments of burner devices in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation.

APPLICATIONS

1. Permitting documentation

Based on operational and project documentation manufacturing companies the contractor develops work program and commissioning project. The project includes safety measures and preparation of testing equipment and devices, and a fleet of measuring equipment is also being prepared. The client submits the project approved for the execution of work, operational documentation of the manufacturing enterprises, as well as executive documentation. In addition, the Customer appoints representatives for the acceptance of commissioning works, and he also coordinates the deadlines for completing the work with the contractor, taken into account in the general construction schedule.

At this stage, operating modes of the main and auxiliary equipment are worked out according to qualitative/quantitative indicators, and optimal conditions operation of the equipment used. After this, the test results are processed and analyzed, and performance maps are drawn up for the main and auxiliary equipment. Drawing up instructions for technical operation equipment is produced jointly with employees of the engineering and technical department of the Customer’s company. After all comments and defects have been eliminated in accordance with the technological operating mode of the main and auxiliary equipment, their tests to check the quality of adjustment work and compliance with the operating schedules are carried out again.

Preparation of technical reports on the commissioning work carried out

3. The technical report must contain information of a purely technical nature that are of interest at the time of commissioning of the facility being adjusted For condition assessments equipment, as well as standardized measurement values required for repeated regular and extraordinary operational checks equipment, mechanisms and automatic devices, for comparison obtained results.

2. Upon new (initial) switching on, compliance with the design, serviceability and correct adjustment of each element must be checked, as well as the specified settings and modes must be performed, the operation of the device as a whole and the reliability of its action on the actuators and mechanisms must be checked, with the obligatory reflection of the work performed in setup protocols.

Commissioning report, etc. sample

Our specialists carry out commissioning of the following equipment own production: All work is carried out by qualified specialists with extensive experience in similar work performed in the most different regions Russian Federation (from Krasnodar Territory to Yakutia) and neighboring countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, etc.)

Sample program of commissioning works (PNR) of ITP and heating systems of the branch "North-West CHPP" Section: Methodology and program for testing, instrumental measurements carried out at thermal power plants of the start-up and reserve boiler room Part 1: filling, washing, disinfection, warming up and commissioning of heating networks Part 2: Program for commissioning of thermal power plants

Report on commissioning etc. sample

Price lists are intended for the preparation of estimates and settlements between customers and contractors for commissioning work performed on types of equipment, devices and systems at commissioned enterprises under construction, as well as reconstructed, expanded and technically re-equipped existing enterprises, buildings and structures. - preparatory work- organizational and engineering preparation of work; study of the electrical part of the project and familiarization with the technical documentation of electrical equipment manufacturers; obtaining agreed settings for protection and automation devices from the customer; preparation of a fleet of instruments and devices, as well as setup programs and a set of protocol forms; - adjustment work carried out before individual testing of process equipment, - external inspection of electrical equipment for compliance with the design; checking and setting up individual elements and functional groups; assembly of test circuits; checking parameters and taking characteristics of individual devices; - insulation resistance measurement; checking the winding connections; adjustment of relay equipment; checking the correct implementation of primary and secondary switching circuits, - adjustment work during the period of individual testing of process equipment - adjustment of live electrical equipment, including power circuits; removing and adjusting the necessary characteristics and comparing them with the calculated data of the project; testing and adjustment of equipment idle and under load together with technological equipment; - adjustment work during the period of comprehensive testing of equipment - ensuring mutual connections of devices as part of the electrical installation and mechanisms as part of the unit; coordination of input and output parameters and characteristics of individual mechanisms within the unit; provision for electrical installations and units electrical parameters and modes provided for by the project, as well as their stable operation in operating modes; - preparation of reporting and acceptance documentation - drawing up in one copy protocols for commissioning and testing (measurements) of electrical equipment; entry in one copy circuit diagrams project of changes made during commissioning.

The contractor has a documentary basis for the payment requirement. In addition, the presence of an official document eliminates the possibility of future claims regarding the quality and performance of the equipment. Based on this, the customer makes payment for the work performed. Without drawing up this act, it is not possible to issue a final invoice for the transfer of funds to the contractor.

Norma P

In our topic, we will analyze in detail why this or that Act included in the Technical Report is needed, and we will also place the form of such an Act on the page for subsequent downloading in an editable format and use in work. Forms will be posted in chronological order, since they must be stitched into a Technical Report.

The twelfth and thirteenth documents are the System User Guides. That is, you actually taught the Customer which buttons to press, which ones not to touch, which lights will turn on periodically and what needs to be done. Representatives of the Customer listened to your lecture, signed that they heard you and there are no questions on your copy of the Instructions or Guidelines – call them whatever you want.

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PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL REPORTS ON COMMISSIONING WORKS CARRIED OUT

A technical report is a mandatory document reflecting the technical condition of the installed equipment.

The technical report must contain information of a purely technical nature that is of interest at the time the facility being set up is put into operation to assess the condition of the equipment, as well as standardization of the measurement values ​​required during repeated regular and extraordinary operational checks of equipment, mechanisms and automatic devices to compare the results obtained.

The main part of the technical report is the commissioning and testing protocols. The protocols are filled out based on the measurements taken during the commissioning process by the persons performing these measurements, signed by them.

The head of commissioning work at the facility bears full responsibility for all work carried out personally by him and under his leadership, as well as for the sufficiency of measurements according to protocols and the quality of the technical report.

Regardless of the purpose, size and departmental affiliation of the facilities at which commissioning work was carried out, the technical report is drawn up in the following form and content:

1. Title page.

2. Abstract.

3. Protocols of measurements and tests of equipment, automatic devices, individual independent elements, control equipment, alarms, etc. in the following sequence:

Technological equipment;

Electrical equipment;

Other installations and apparatus.

4. List of control and measuring instruments,

used during commissioning, and complex testing devices.

5. Changes made.

6. Conclusion.

7. Applications.

The annotation reflects the following information:

Name of the commissioning works, its departmental affiliation and location;

A brief description of the equipment involved in the technological process and its technical condition.

The paragraph “Changes made* provides information about fundamental changes in technological and electrical diagrams the project is in the process of adjustment.

In this case, they submit a protocol for approving the changes made, signed by representatives of the customer and the design organization.

Corrections of minor design and installation errors in at this point are not reflected.

In the paragraph “Conclusion” they give general conclusion on established equipment, recommendations to operating personnel on servicing new, undeveloped equipment and safety measures during its operation.

The annexes include:

The act of comprehensive testing of mechanisms;

Protocol for approval of project changes, subject to the availability of the latter.

All copies of the report must contain the original signatures of the persons who approved and signed it. Signatures on the title page are certified with the seal of the commissioning department.

ANNOTATION

The technical report contains materials from the commissioning and operational adjustment work carried out with the steam boiler DE-6.5-14 GM in the heating and production boiler house of the MUP Manufactory factory (city, st., 9).

During the commissioning, the operation of the equipment was checked, automation equipment was configured, and optimal combustion modes were found when the boiler was operating on backup fuel - diesel.

A conclusion was made about the possibility of operating the boiler unit in accordance with the design and regulatory and technical documentation.

The report contains 66 pages, 14 graphs, 9 tables.

Introduction……………………………………………………………………...………...……..
Brief technical specifications equipment…………..…….……
Description of work performed…………………………………….………..
Layout of measuring instruments on the boiler …………………………..
Table of boiler parameters measuring instruments……………………………
Summary table of measurement and calculation results….…...…….……….
Steam boiler operating chart……………………..………………………...
Graphs of boiler parameters.....…………………………………………………………
Operational regime map………………………...………………………..
Map of automatic safety settings …………………………………..
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………..
Bibliography ……………………………………………...…..………
Application		Commissioning and commissioning program
Application		Methodology for carrying out operational and adjustment work
Application		Fuel quality certificate
Application		Protocol for setting up security automation sensors
Application		Safety automatic activation test protocol
Application		Certificate of comprehensive testing of the boiler unit
Application		Certificate of completion of adjustment work
Application		Instructions for starting (igniting) the DE-6.5-14 GM boiler
Application		Tables for CL switchboard regulator settings
Application		Electrical circuit diagrams

INTRODUCTION

The boiler room was installed in one of the existing factory buildings. A steam boiler DE-6.5-14 GM is installed in the boiler room (in accordance with the project, another boiler must be installed - DE-4-14 GM). The purpose of the boiler room is to supply steam for the technological needs of the factory, work in a closed water heating system according to the schedule “95-70”.

To control the boiler when operating on diesel fuel, a new automation panel was designed and installed.

According to agreement No., concluded between the municipal unitary enterprise “Manufactory” and LLC “Stroy”, the following work was carried out in this boiler house: startup and adjustment of boiler control devices, startup and operational adjustment of a diesel fuel boiler.

The technical competence of Stroy LLC and its compliance with industrial safety rules are confirmed by the certificate of the State Mining and Technical Supervision of Russia (reg. No.).

Beginning of work:	August 200,
ending:	October 200
Brigade composition:		Lead Engineer,
		Lead Engineer,

BRIEF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EQUIPMENT

Parameter name	Magnitude
Steam boiler
	DE-6.5-14 (serial number, registration number)
Estimated steam capacity, t/h
Estimated steam pressure g., kgf/cm 2
Steam volume at max. level, m 3
Water volume at max. level, m 3
radiation
convective
Economizer
Number of columns, pcs.
Water volume, m 3
Heating surface area, m 2
Limit slave water pressure, kgf/cm 2
Firebox
	chamber
Firebox volume, m 3
Burner
	mixing - GM-4.5
Nominal thermal power, MW
Davl. fuel oil in front of the nozzle., MPa
Number of nozzles, pcs.
Blower fan
Rotation speed, rpm
Quantity, pcs.
Smoke exhauster
	VDN-11.2-1000
Productivity (=1.18 kg/m 3), m 3 /h
Total pressure (=1.18 kg/m 3), daPa
Electric motor power, kW
Rotation speed, rpm
Quantity, pcs.

Table continuation

Feed pumps
Feed, m 3 / h
Pressure, m water. Art.
Electric motor power, kW
Rotation speed, rpm
Quantity, pcs.
Diesel fuel pumps
		NMSh 2-40-1.6/16
Feed, m 3 / h
Pressure, kgf/cm 2
Electric motor power, kW
Rotation speed, rpm
Quantity, pcs.
Diesel fuel containers
Volume, m3
Water treatment:	two-stage Na-cationization, deaeration

Boiler DE-6.5-14 GM (manufacturer - Biysk Boiler Plant) - double-drum steam. The side walls of the boiler are thermally insulated with lightweight lining. The boiler is designed to produce saturated steam. The evaporation scheme is single-stage.

A gas-oil burner GM-4.5 (Perlovsky Power Equipment Plant, Mytishchi) is attached to the front of the boiler.

The burner nozzle is steam-mechanical. In addition to the main nozzle, the nozzle assembly also includes a replaceable nozzle installed at an angle to the burner axis. The replacement nozzle is turned on for a short time, necessary for cleaning or replacement.

The air guide device contains an air box, an axial swirler with profile blades and a cone stabilizer. A small part of the air passes through a perforated sheet (diffuser) along the axis of the burner to cool the nozzle.

Diesel fuel is supplied to the boiler room by gear pumps located in a separate pump house building (pavilion). The fuel not consumed by the burner is returned to the tank through the return pipeline.

In the burner, diesel fuel is atomized (without the use of steam), ignited by an ignition device (powered by natural or bottled gas), mixed with air supplied by a blower fan, and burned. The combustion products, having given up some of the heat in the firebox, pass through the convective surfaces of the boiler, then through the economizer, and pass into the chimney.

Regulating devices and automation – boiler control panel, “KL” panel.

The MINITERM 300.01 devices (Moscow Thermal Automation Plant) located on the boiler control panel support

water level in the boiler drum (primary converter – “Sapphire” (06.3) kPa, (05) mA, electric actuator at the control valve – MEO-100/25-0.25)

and a given vacuum value (primary transducer - “Sapphire”

(-0.220.22) kPa, (05) mA, the electric actuator at the guide vane of the smoke exhauster is MEO-100/25-0.25).

The “KL” panel performs semi-automatic ignition of the boiler according to an algorithm at specified time intervals.

The “KL” switchboard performs an automatic emergency stop of the boiler (or prohibits ignition) for the following reasons:

emergency deviation of the water level in the upper drum of the boiler,

emergency reduction of vacuum in the furnace,

emergency reduction of air pressure in front of the burner,

the torch goes out (or does not appear during ignition),

emergency reduction of diesel fuel pressure after the valve,

turning off the power supply to the “old” control panel and/or the “CL” panel itself.

In case of emergency deviations of parameters, the siren is automatically turned on.

In the boiler room, in two places in the hall, alarms for maximum concentrations of carbon monoxide in the air are installed - SOU-1.

When the maximum permissible concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of the boiler room, called “threshold 1,” is exceeded, the red indicator on the body of the SOU-1 alarm begins to flash. When the concentration “threshold 2” is exceeded, the red indicator starts to glow continuously and an intermittent sound signal sounds.

A measuring system was installed in the boiler room to take into account the steam consumption from the boiler and the steam consumption going to production. The complex includes restriction devices, pressure and pressure difference sensors “Sapphire”, thermal resistance TSM, meter VST 25, heat calculator SPT961 (NPF “Logika”, St. Petersburg).

To take into account the heat supply for heating, a measuring complex was installed, consisting of electromagnetic flow transducers IP-02M (Etalon plant, Vladimir), a VST 25 meter, KRT-1 pressure sensors, thermal resistances, as well as a TERM-02 heat meter.

DESCRIPTION OF WORK PERFORMED

Regime and adjustment work was carried out according to the program (Appendix A).

A preliminary inspection of the boiler room equipment was carried out, its readiness for commissioning was determined, the availability of control devices, verified measuring instruments, as well as the necessary tie-ins and impulse lines was taken into account. Based on the results of the inspection, a list of defects was compiled and submitted to the operating organization.

The reconstruction project provides for control of the boiler from the cable line panel together with the “old” boiler control panel. To carry out commissioning work on diesel fuel, it was decided to install an electric key on the “old” boiler control panel GAS-DIESEL FUEL to switch control from the BUK-1 device.

During the setup process, all boiler devices were tested,

the operation of measuring instruments was checked,

control and alarm systems have been established,

combustion modes are configured.

Regime adjustment was carried out using summer diesel fuel, in accordance with the methodology (Appendix B).

In the process of operational adjustment work, in order to determine the optimal excess air, the composition of the exhaust gases and their temperature were monitored using a portable gas analyzer DAG-500. The tests were carried out under stabilized boiler operation conditions. The boiler parameters were maintained at the design level and allowed by the manufacturer’s operating instructions. For each load, 4-5 regime experiments and 1-2 balance experiments were carried out, not counting the estimated ones. The duration of one regime experiment is (11.5) hours. The duration of the balance experiment is (11.5) hours. The duration of the estimated experiment is up to 1 hour. The intervals between experiments at different boiler loads were at least an hour.

Determination of the optimal air flow for each load was made by reducing the air supply and finding the point of underburning. Then the air supply was increased until the oxygen concentration in the boiler exhaust gases was within the range of (46)%.

The fuel pressure in front of the injector and air pressure were adjusted manually. Parameter measurements were carried out with verified instruments.

The boiler efficiency was determined using reverse balance.

Nominal value of heat loss in environment boiler adopted according to the schedule “Determination of heat losses to the environment of steam block-transportable boilers”.

Calculation of heat losses with flue gases was carried out according to the method described in.

As a result of the operational adjustment work carried out, the optimal excess air was determined at four boiler loads.

The optimal parameter values ​​are entered into the boiler operating maps.

Based on the test results, the boiler efficiency was determined.

Upon completion of commissioning work, a comprehensive testing of the boiler and auxiliary equipment was carried out within 72 hours (see Appendix E).

Safety automation settings mapsteam boiler DE-6.5-14 GM

Parameter name	Magnitude	before turning off the diesel fuel,
Water level in the boiler drum, deviation from the mean
Vacuum in the boiler furnace minimum	1 daPa(g)
Air pressure in front of the burner minimum
Diesel fuel pressure after the valve is minimal
Loss of flame

Note. Less than 2 seconds after the parameter reaches the emergency level, the corresponding light display should automatically turn on, and the electric bell of the boiler control panel and/or the siren of the CL panel should ring.

CONCLUSION

As a result of the work performed, optimal combustion modes were found and automatic regulation and control devices were put into operation. During the tests it was determined that diesel fuel the boiler and its auxiliary equipment can operate stably and economically.

In order to increase operational convenience in the boiler room, increase reliability, efficiency and safety, it is recommended:

install in the steam pipeline used for the technological needs of the factory a reducing valve (reducer), which automatically maintains the specified steam pressure after itself,

connect proportional safety valves (up to locking device along the way)

install frequency regulators on the electric drives of the feed pump and smoke exhauster, maintaining the water level in the boiler drum and the vacuum in the furnace, respectively,

cover the chimney drain pipe with thermal insulation,

Write their installation numbers on the fuel containers (at the ends above the drain valves).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Boiler room with two boilers MUP “Manufactory”.

Working draft. JSC “Institute” – bbbbbbbbbb, 200b

Reconstruction of the automation system of the boiler DE-6.5-14-GM in the boiler room of the MUP “Manufactory”.

Working draft. Stroy LLC – bbbbbb, 200b

Rivkin S.L., Alexandrov A.A. Thermophysical properties of water and water vapor. M.: Energy. - 1980

Guidelines for startup, commissioning, and thermal testing of boiler plants using gaseous and reserve fuels. "bbbb" LLC. Registered by the Gosgaznadzor inspection bbbbbgosenergonadzor 28.01.0b, No. bbb – NR

Pekker Ya.L. Thermal calculations according to the given fuel characteristics. Generalized methods. M.: Energy, 1977

Yankelevich V.I. Adjustment of gas-oil industrial boiler houses. - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1998 - 216 pp., ill.

PROTOCOL

settings of automatic safety sensors for steam boiler DE-6.5-14 GM

in the boiler room of MUP “Manufactory”

Trigger reason	actuation	Sensor type or device	Factory number
Rising water level in the upper drum of the boiler		differential pressure gauge Chipboard-4 31.5 cm
Lowering water level in the upper drum of the boiler
Decrease in vacuum	0.5 kgf/m 2	pressure sensor DNT-1 (-10÷100) kgf/m 2
Decreased pressure air in front of the burner		pressure switch DUNGS LGW 10 A2 (0÷10) mbar	no number
Decreased pressure diesel fuel after valve		pressure meter DD-1.6 (2÷16) kgf/cm 2
Flame going out		signaling device

PROTOCOL

checking the operation of the automatic safety system of the DE-6.5-14 GM steam boiler

in the boiler room of MUP “Manufactory”

Trigger reason	Time until fuel supply stops or response threshold
The water level in the boiler drum increases
The water level in the boiler drum decreases
Decreased vacuum in the furnace	less than 10 seconds
Air pressure in front of the burner decreases
Diesel fuel pressure after valve demotion
Burner flame disappears	less than 2 seconds
Turning off the power supply to the boiler	less than 2 seconds

Light and sound alarms are activated.

2. Introduction

This technical report contains materials on optimizing the operation of the heat supply system in the village of Podozersky.

The purpose of the work is: to study the throughput of heating networks in connection with the planned reconstruction of the heat source and calculate the optimal operating modes operation of the heat supply system, issuing recommendations for setting up heating network subscribers.

The results of the activities specified in the report, completed in full,

must be:

Reducing the costs for the own needs of boiler houses and the costs associated with the operation of a large number of small boiler houses;

Increasing the hydraulic stability of heating networks;

Creation of the necessary pressures at the thermal inputs of consumers;

Consumption of estimated heat consumption by heating network subscribers;

Security comfortable conditions in the premises of heat consumers.

2. Description of the heating system

2.1 Heat source

The source of heat on the heating network is the boiler house of the Podozersky village. The boiler house currently runs on peat. It is planned to modernize equipment at heat sources in order to switch to another type of fuel - gas. The pressures at the outlet of the boiler houses were selected based on considerations of the minimum sufficiency of pressures at the subscriber inputs connected to this source, subject to commissioning - installation of restrictive throttling washers at all heat consumers. The throughput capacity and available power of the heat source were also not considered due to the lack of a boiler room reconstruction project.

Regulation of heat supply for heating is carried out according to a schedule of 95/70 C. As calculations have shown, the throughput of the networks in the village of Podozersky allows the selected temperature schedule to be maintained.

2.2 Heat networks

The heating networks of the Podozersky village are two-pipe, radial, and dead-end. It is possible to loop them (reconnect), if necessary, through internal networks children's factory (N16-N49) The total length of the heating system heating networks is 5200 meters, the total volume of the heating system networks is 100.4 m3, heating consumption is 169 t/hour.

The volume of heating networks was determined by the formula

where V is the volume of the heating main section in a two-pipe design, m3;

L – length of the section, m;

D – internal diameter of pipes, m.

2.3 Consumers

Thermal consumers of the Podozersky village - a total of 80 inputs. There are no large industrial consumers.

All consumers are connected directly to the heating network.

The maximum thermal loads of heating systems for administrative buildings and industrial buildings, in which there are no heating and ventilation installations, residential and public buildings, were determined by the formula:

, (2)

Sanitary standards" href="/text/category/sanitarnie_normi/" rel="bookmark">sanitary and hygienic standards SNiP 2.04.05-91.

The estimated flow of network water for the heating system (HC), connected according to a dependent circuit, is determined by the formula:

Water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network at the design temperature of the outside air for heating design, °C;

Water temperature in the return pipeline of the heating system at the design temperature of the outside air for heating design, °C;

The total heating consumption taking into account the future (warehouse and tool shop) is 169 t/hour.

3. Initial data

Temperature chart for heating needs 95/70 oC.

The estimated water consumption in the heating network is 169 t/hour.

For distribution of loads among subscribers, see Appendices 3 – 5.

The geodesy of subscribers and the heat source is determined by the elevation marks of the area.

Heating network diagram, see Appendix 2

4. Hydraulic calculations

4.1 Hydraulic calculation with an available pressure at the source of 20 m.v. st

Hydraulic calculations were performed using specialized computer program"Bernoulli" has a certificate of official registration of the computer program No., registered in the Register of Computer Programs on October 11, 2007.

The program is designed to carry out verification and adjustment hydraulic and thermal calculations based on the compilation of a geographic information system - a diagram of a heating network on a map of the area and filling out a database of characteristics of heating mains, subscribers and sources. The task of hydraulic calculation of pipelines is to determine the pressure loss of each section and the amount of pressure loss in sections from the outlets of the heat source to each heat consumer, as well as to determine the expected available pressures at each subscriber.

Hydraulic calculation of an external water heating network is carried out on the basis of the roughness of pipelines, assumed to be 2 mm, since the duration of operation of most networks exceeds 3 years.

During commissioning, the necessary restriction devices (throttle diaphragms) for heat consumers are calculated due to the elevator-free system for regulating the heating load at customer inputs.

The pressures at the source were selected based on the following considerations. Available pressures (pressure difference in supply and return pipelines) at the inputs for non-elevator connection of heat consuming systems must exceed the hydraulic resistance of local heat consuming systems; direct pressures should be minimal; return pressures must exceed the geodetic elevation by 5 meters plus the height of the subscriber’s heating system (building height).

To take into account the mutual influence of factors determining the hydraulic mode of the system district heating(hydraulic pressure losses along the network, terrain profile, height of heat consumption systems, etc.) a graph of water pressure in the network was constructed in dynamic and static modes (piezometric graph).

Using the pressure graph, the following were determined:

Required available pressure at the heat source terminals;

Available pressures at the inputs of heat consumption systems;

The need for relocation of individual sections of the network.

In order to determine the condition and capacity of the existing heating network, a hydraulic and thermal calculation of the Podozersky village was performed for the existing heating loads under the following parameters.

The estimated water consumption in the heating network is 169 t/hour. The estimated available pressure at the entrance to the heating network is 20 m. Geodetic marks and pressures at the nodes of the heating network are adopted in a single reference system. To achieve this pressure is calculated in meters of water column. Working diagram heating network with coding of cameras and subscribers, compiled in accordance with the provided materials, is displayed in Appendix 3. Geodetic marks of the heating network nodes are taken from a topographic map of the area along lines of equal heights. The lengths of the routes are calculated based on the heating network diagram on a real scale. The internal diameters of pipelines are given to standard values.

Calculations were performed after adjustment calculations. Thus, it was not the current state of the network that was studied, but the state of the network in the case of installing limit washers. For subscribers with light loads ( artesian well) it was not possible to establish heating consumption corresponding to the contractual ones due to the ban on installing washers with hole diameters smaller than 3 mm due to the tendency of small holes to rapid clogging. For these subscribers, to eliminate overflows, a serial connection with neighboring subscribers is recommended.

Table of required throttling devices (washers) for the option with an available pressure at the source of 20 m.v. Art. is given in Appendix 6.

Under such conditions, boilers, network pumps and the existing heating network cope with the generation, supply and transport of the calculated amount of heat.

Calculation results (piezometer, and data table in Appendix 3).

4.2 Hydraulic calculation with available pressure at the source of 17 m.v. st

The calculated available pressure at the entrance to the heating network is 17 m. At many inputs to subscriber nodes, the available pressures are close to the internal resistance of subscribers. Conclusion - the pressure is the minimum required. For subscribers at Stationnaya 6 and 8, it is insufficient due to the insufficient diameter of the supply pipelines. This mode does not ensure the stability of the heating network. Calculation results (piezometer, and data table in Appendix 4).

4.3 Hydraulic calculation with available pressure at the source of 10 m.v. st

The estimated available pressure at the entrance to the heating network is 10 m. In this mode, subscribers are identified who are at risk of underheating due to a systematic underestimation of pressure at the outlet of the source. Calculation results (piezometer, and data table in Appendix 5).

4.4 Hydraulic calculation to identify problem areas and subscribers.

The calculated available pressure at the entrance to the heating network is 15 m. The diameters of the washers are left as for adjustment at 20 m. Art. In this mode, problems will arise for subscribers with the addresses Station 6 (N14) and Station 8 (N17, N18). They are powered through pipes with a diameter of 50 mm that is insufficient for stable heat supply. The diameter should be replaced with 69 mm. The internal diameter of the pipes is indicated. The result of this reconstruction is illustrated by summary piezometers in Appendix 6. Subscribers of the dead-end branch on Sovetskaya Street 12, 14, 16 and the school building on the same street are most vulnerable to sufficient pressure at the exit from the boiler room. It is recommended to install pressure gauges, e.g. heating point school buildings to control the sufficiency of the available pressure.

5. Main conclusions

results hydraulic calculations allow us to recommend adjusting heating networks to an available pressure at the outlet of the source of 20 m.w.s. in accordance with the table, calculation of throttling devices (washers), see Appendix 6.

To eliminate overflows for small subscribers, it is proposed to use serial circuit their connection through one thermal unit with one narrowing washer (throttle diaphragm). This connection scheme will allow you to bypass the difficulties associated with the restriction on the diameter of the restricting device - the washer (at least 3 mm, associated with the danger of frequent blockages).

Subscribers at 6 and 8 Stationnaya Street require the relocation of supply routes from the connection chamber with internal diameter 69 mm.

To monitor the state of the hydraulic regime, pressure gauges should be installed on the supply and return lines in the school building on Sovetskaya Street, as the most vulnerable part of the heating networks. You should also organize periodic monitoring of the readings of these pressure gauges.

For greater reliability of calculations in order to achieve optimal operating conditions, it is necessary to collect more detailed information about the parameters of the heating network, source and consumer loads.

It should be noted that the calculation results are valid if, along with the reconstruction of heating mains, work is carried out to install washers at the user inputs limiting the coolant flow to the agreed value, and also flushing is carried out internal systems heating of subscribers. These activities must be carried out in accordance with the attached instructions (Appendix 1, 1a).

6. List of used literature

1. SNiP Construction climatology 01/01/2003

Application

INSTRUCTIONS

for flushing heating networks using a hydropneumatic method.

The currently used methods for flushing heat pipelines and heating systems, either by filling them with water and then releasing them into drainage, or by creating high velocities of water in them using a direct flow (discharge) or closed circuit (through temporary mud traps) using network or other pumps, are not give a positive effect.

IN Lately heating networks of Mosenergo, Lenenergo and a number of other cities began to flush heating pipelines and local heating systems using compressed air.

The use of compressed air when flushing networks helps to increase the speed of the water-air environment and create high turbulence in its movement, which ensures the most favorable conditions for pressure from pipes of sand and other deposits.

Heat pipes are washed in separate sections. The choice of the length of the washed section depends on the diameter of the pipelines, their configuration and fittings.

Pipelines diameter
Pipelines diameter
Pipelines diameter
Pipelines diameter
Pipelines diameter	200mm and above

For diameters D=100¸200 mm, you can use compensators with a capacity of 3–6 m3/min (for example, an AK-6 autocompressor with a capacity of 6 m3/min and an AK-3 with a capacity of 3 m3/min). For larger diameter pipelines, it is advisable to use two compressors or one compressor with higher capacity.

When flushing heating networks industrial enterprises It is possible to use compressed air from turbocompressors or compressor stations.

The duration of flushing depends on the degree and nature of contamination, as well as the diameter of the pipes and the performance of the compensator.

Before starting work, the pipeline (supply and return) is divided into sections, the boundaries of which are usually wells. In wells located at the beginning and at the end of the area to be washed, the valves are removed or partially disassembled and devices are installed in their place, with the help of which air is admitted and washing water is discharged.

The air intake devices are a flange made in the form of a flange connection of the removed fittings welded to it gas pipe Dy=38 ¸50 mm.

To regulate the air supply and protect the compressor receiver from water ingress, an appropriate valve is installed and check valve.

The device for selecting flush water consists of a short pipeline (riser) with a flange on one side corresponding to the flange of the removed fittings, and a valve on the other side, as well as a rigid hose that is attached to the valve and removed from the chamber (well).

If there are no valves on the pipeline being flushed, you can use valves on the branches. If both of these valves are missing, it is necessary to weld a temporary air fitting Dy=mm and a fitting for draining the flushing water. On pipelines with a diameter of up to 200 mm, the drain pipes must be at least Dy = 50 mm, with a diameter of Dy = mm – Dy = 100 mm, and with a diameter of 500 mm or more – Dy = 200 mm.

Water is supplied by a make-up pump through the main pipelines, and the water must pass into the washed area from the side of the compressed air supply.

For flushing, water supply, network and process water. Areas are washed in the following order:

1) fill the area to be washed with water using a make-up pump and keep the pressure in it no more than 4 ati.

2) open the drain valve.

3) open the compressed air valve.

Incoming compressed air It moves with water at high speed, carrying with it all contaminants into the drainage.

Flushing is carried out until the water coming out is clean.

When washing, the pressure of the washing water at the beginning of the section should be close to 3.5 ati, since more high pressure creates tension for the operation of the compressor, which usually operates at a pressure close to 4 ati.

The correct ratio of the quantities of water and air supplied to the pipeline is checked by the mixture movement mode.

The normal mode of movement of the mixture is considered to be one that is accompanied by pushes and slippages of alternately water and air.

Appendix a

INSTRUCTIONS

for flushing heating systems using hydropneumatic method

(suggested option)

Washing scheme

1,2,3,4 valves;

Required to install:

1. valve dy=25 – supply of network water;

2. check valve dy=25;

3. valve dy=32 – water-air supply to the heating system;

4. check valve dy=25;

5. valve dy=25 – air supply;

6. valve dy=25 – discharge into drainage, outside;

7. fittings for valve dy=25, 32, 25;

Before washing local system heating, you must do the following:

1. Install fittings for valves dy=25, 32, 25, as indicated in the diagram;

2. Assemble a flushing circuit with valves and check valves;

3. After flushing the heating system, plug the fitting (11).

Procedure for flushing the system.

1. Close valves 3 and 4 at the thermal input;

2. Fill the system with water through valves 5 and 7 (it is advisable that the system sit with water for at least 5 days before flushing). When filling with water, the vents must be opened. After filling the system, close the vents;

3. Start the compensator, open drain valve 10 and open valve 9 for air supply;

4. Flushing should not be carried out for the entire system at once, but separately in groups of risers (2 - 3 risers), the remaining risers must be turned off;

5. Rinse until clean water from the drain valve.

Note:

Washing can be done:

a) continuously with a constant supply of water, air and mixture discharge;

b) Periodically - with periodic supply of water and discharge of the mixture.

In relation to existing thermal inputs, the water-air supply assembly can be changed.