Quite often, owners of private estates or two-level apartments we have to face the problem of insufficient space. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure convenient descent and ascent to the second floor, on the other hand, the need to allocate a significant part of the first floor under the staircase opening is clearly not a good decision. A possible solution would be to winder steps.

Staircase with a turn

The essence of the design is that instead of one straight flight, two or three are installed, offset relative to each other by an angle of 90 or 180 degrees. Depending on the angle, there are three types.

• Quarter turn - the angle is 90 degrees. Typically, a wooden staircase is mounted along adjacent walls, in the corner of the room. The photo shows an option with a 90 degree rotation.
• Half-turn - the angle of rotation is 180 degrees. In this case, one march is mounted near load-bearing wall. The photo shows a turn with winder steps.
• Circular - the rotation is 360 degrees. The marching design in this case is implemented extremely rarely - the occupied area is huge, and the height of the second floor is usually not that high. But the screw one is quite suitable for implementation.

This turn itself can be done in two ways.

• Landing - a landing is installed between two flights. In this case, the subsequent march is shifted relative to the previous one by 90 or 180 degrees.
• Winder steps - this method provides a smooth bend without intermediate platforms, but is somewhat inferior to the first option in terms of convenience.

Advantages and disadvantages

Winder steps are wedge-shaped plates with different widths at two edges. The dimensions can be varied subject to two mandatory values: the width of the step in the middle part cannot be less than 20 cm, and in the narrowest part - no less than 10 cm. This is due to the peculiarities of the ascent: one foot of the walker ends up on a wider area and receives sufficient area for supports. The second foot finds itself in too narrow an area and does not receive sufficient support. Actually, this is their biggest drawback: it is inconvenient to rise and fall, since there is a danger of the foot slipping. If the step is less than the specified parameters, the staircase will be unsuitable for walking.

Partially, the risk of slipping is solved by the chosen material – wood. Wooden steps have a less smooth surface than stone or glass, and provide relative safety of movement.

The second disadvantage is the relative complexity of the design, and, accordingly, the complexity of the calculations. The drawing shows an example of calculating the width of steps for an option with a rotation of 180 degrees.

This solution also has advantages: the design with smooth rotation takes even less area than a turning straight line (with an opening width of no more than 1500 cm), it can be erected both near the wall and in the center of the room.

Design Features

In its simplest version, the staircase is a combination of two straight flights with a number of wedge-shaped steps in its turning part. Obviously, the turning part and straight sections are calculated differently, but it is absolutely necessary that the final design contains both fragments. The drawing shows a diagram wooden stairs with a rotation angle of 90 degrees.

The stumbling point quite often is the middle step of the turn, the one that rests on the right angle between the walls. The step can be made in two versions.

• First, the middle part of the step is adjacent to the angle of rotation so that the edges of the step in its widest part rest against perpendicular walls staircase opening. In this case, the step has quite complex shape. The photo shows the view of the step.
• The second is that the edge of the upper step is adjacent to the corner between the walls. In this case, the previous step rests against one wall, and the next one rests against it perpendicular to it. The shapes of the steps do not differ from each other.

The inconvenience of moving along wedge-shaped steps can be reduced by using a special calculation method. It allows you to proportionally widen the ends of the winders due to straight steps. This complicates the design of the staircase, but it ensures a uniform change in steps, and therefore convenience when ascending and descending. The drawing shows a fragment of a graphical calculation with proportional expansion.

A wooden turning staircase with winder steps is one of the most difficult projects to manufacture. A novice master who has managed to implement it has every reason to be proud.

When planning to make a wooden or metal staircase with your own hands, you need to pay a lot of attention to calculations. Despite its apparent simplicity, the staircase is a very complex engineering structure, each node of which must be thought out, and all together they must create a single ensemble.

The design of a metal/wooden staircase must take into account its functional and decorative components. This will be more difficult to do, the less experience you have in this type of work. Since we don’t do calculations every day, we need to describe in detail how to calculate the stairs to the second floor of a private house. General principles The construction of wooden and metal stairs is no different. As they say, “the devil is in the details.” We will consider them in detail.

It is worth noting that the arrangement of stairs in apartment buildings or administrative buildings is regulated by many documents. The main ones are GOST 23120-78 Flight stairs, platforms and steel fences and SNiP IV-14-84 Collection 1-14 Stairs.

However, in private houses, the height of which is often limited to two floors, the owner is free to choose the configuration. Although, of course, the basic rules for constructing stairs must be followed.

Rule 1 - Choosing the location of the stairs in the house

Making a straight staircase in accordance with the standards in a private house is hampered by limited space. Therefore, many owners give preference to complex structures: a staircase with a turn or a spiral one. Professionals put forward several recommendations regarding where and how to place the staircase in the house so that it takes up little space.

• It is better to place the stairs in the part of the house that is least used. The staircase in the living room creates certain inconveniences;

• provide free access to the stairs;

• landings are preferable to winder steps. Especially if independent construction is planned;

• consider more first simple options, and only then more complex ones;

• Keep in mind that you will need to not only walk up the stairs, but also bring in/take out furniture and equipment. It should be easy to use for all family members;

• if you plan to use the space (place) under the stairs in the house, it is better to choose closed design. And vice versa, open staircase makes the space more spacious, so it is advisable to use it in rooms;

• Please note that installing a metal staircase in wooden house can be done after the house shrinks. That is, in 1-1.5 years. Otherwise, shrinkage of the house will lead to a violation of the integrity of the structure.

• make sure that you can make an opening in the ceiling (ceiling) for a staircase to provide access to the attic or attic. For example, in monolithic slab the construction of a staircase creates significant difficulties.

How to reduce the size of the opening for the stairs to the second floor?

Useful tips from experienced professionals:

• 20% is possible if a staircase with 180 degree winder steps is installed;

• Installing a staircase with two flights and a platform will help by 30%. Space saving is achieved due to the fact that the movement changes by 180°;

• by 60% by installing a staircase with “duck step” steps;

• 80% is achieved by installing a spiral staircase. In this case, the movement changes 360°.

Rule 2 - Shape and types of stairs

In a private house, it is possible to not follow standards and GOSTs so strictly. However, the basic principles of staircase arrangement must be observed, since neglecting them may result in a decrease in the safety of this engineering structure.

Before you start making calculations, you need to know that there are two important factors that will affect the result.

Firstly, this is a design feature.

From a design point of view, all stairs can be divided into three types:

• marching. Consist of separate marches. They, in turn, are divided into single-flight, two or more - multi-flight. In addition, the flight of stairs can be straight, with a landing or with turns (winder steps).

In private homes, wooden and metal staircases with winder steps (rotated 90, 180, 360 degrees) are popular.

• screw (spiral). In stairs of this type, the steps are twisted around an axis. They are convenient when there is no free space in the room for a marching structure. But the construction of a spiral staircase is much more labor-intensive and requires more careful calculations.

• folding. They relate to portable structures, so we will skip them, since we will do the calculation for a stationary staircase.

Secondly, this is the shape of the frame.

The frame of a metal and wooden staircase can be made in three options:

• staircase on stringers. The basis of the frame is one or two solid beams, on which steps are laid on top.

• ladder on a bowstring. The frame consists of two support beams that support the steps from the sides

• staircase on rails(from German “pin”). The steps are fastened directly to the wall.

Rule 3 - Calculation of staircase parameters

Many users do not know what needs to be taken into account in order to calculate the stairs correctly. Professionals say that taking into account three main parameters will make the design safe, beautiful and easy to use.

The parameters of the stairs are shown in the figure

Stair height

Height - the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor (not ceiling) of the second. Often the upper end of the staircase rests on the ceiling of the first floor. For ease of movement, there is a gap above such a staircase.

The distance from the step to the ceiling can be calculated as follows: take the height of the tallest family member and add 100 mm. The recommended clearance value (working height of the stairs) is 2 m. This value must be constant throughout the entire flight.

Note. Place the ladder in living rooms This is only possible if the rooms on the first and second floors are heated. Otherwise, it should be placed in a non-residential area.

Stair length (flight length)

For a traditional flight design, the length of the staircase is equal to the length of the flight or the sum of the lengths of the flights plus the landing between them.

When calculating the length of a spiral staircase or a staircase with winder steps, the average length of the flight is calculated. In this case, the measurement is performed at a distance of 50 cm from the railing (edge ​​of the span).

Width of stairs in a private house

Width - the distance of the stairs from the wall or between two handrails. Recommended parameters are shown in the diagram.

Width of the flight of stairs:

• 1.5 m - increased level of comfort;

• 1-1.2 m - comfort zone;

• 0.8-1 m - only permissible for a flight of stairs located along the wall;

• less than 0.8 m. is only suitable for auxiliary stairs.

Width of a flight of stairs with winder steps:

Spiral staircase width:

• 1.4 m - comfort zone;

• 1.1 m is the minimum allowable width.

This is due to the fact that the winder steps taper towards the central element of the staircase.

Stair inclination angle (steepness)

The angle of inclination determines the ease of use of the stairs. A staircase that is too steep allows you to save useful space, but a flat one makes moving along it more comfortable.

The type of staircase depending on the steepness is shown in Fig. Here you can clearly see at what angle the staircase in a living room should be.

Most comfortable option for movement is located in the green zone of the picture.

Material prepared for the website www.site

Note. When the angle of inclination is over 45°, you can only go down the stairs with your back forward.

As practice shows, most often in the house they use combined options. To understand at what angle to place the handrail on the stairs, you need to draw a parallel between the base of the stairs (stringer, bowstring) and lay the handrail along it. Mathematically, this is a simple calculation of the angle using the Pythagorean theorem.

Number of steps of the staircase

The number of steps is not regulated and depends on the height of the stairs and the height of the tread (riser). In double-flight staircases, it is recommended to have the same number of steps in both flights, but in practice the steps are distributed unequally between the flights.

Note. For multi-apartment residential buildings, the number of steps is regulated and is 9-11 steps.

Tread height (distance between stair steps)

Users found the distance between adjacent steps to be 150 mm most convenient for movement.

Note. For those who make their own stairs, the excess height can be easily removed by adjusting the height of the tread between the last and penultimate steps or between the first and second.

Stair step (step width)

You need to rest your full foot on the stair step. Hence, optimal width stair steps must be at least 230 mm. (size 35). The minimum acceptable width is 100 mm. But frequent walking on such steps is fraught with injury.

Note. If you increase the width of the steps beyond 650 mm (the average step length of an adult), then when walking on such stairs you can get confused and stumble.

You can increase the width of the step by extending the step. In this case, the step should not overhang the previous one by more than 50 mm.

Note. When calculating the width of the stairs, do not forget that the distance between the balusters should be within 100-150 mm. Otherwise, such a fence will be unsafe. In turn, the balusters are installed so that the aesthetics of the fence are maintained - one per step, two per step, or otherwise.

Stair step length

The length of the step is determined by the design of the staircase. If two bowstrings are used as the main structural element- the length of the step corresponds to the distance between them. If there is a stringer (one or two), then the length of the step is determined by the customer.

Rule 4 - Accurate calculation of the dimensions of the stairs

Since all the parameters are interconnected, to calculate them, it is enough to have basic knowledge of geometry. We will show you how to calculate a staircase using an example.

Example 1. Calculation of the length of the stairs and the width of the opening

In this case, the calculation is simple and suitable for those who have a lot free space in the room.

How to calculate the length of stairs in a house

Defined as follows. The width is added to the height of the room of 3000 mm ceiling at 200 mm. The resulting value is 3200 mm. divide by 160 mm (recommended riser height) and we get the number 20. That is. the staircase will contain 20 steps.

Based on the fact that the recommended step width is 300 mm, the length of the stairs should be 6000 mm (20 steps of 300 mm each). Or, if the step is extended by 50 mm, then the length of the staircase will be 5000 mm (20 steps by 250 mm (300 mm - 50 mm)).

How to calculate the width of a staircase opening

It is determined as follows: 1900 (recommended clearance value) is subtracted from 3000 mm (room height). We get 1100 mm. We divide this value by 160 mm (step height) and get the number of steps over which the ceiling can be located. The calculation result is 6.875, i.e. 7 steps.

The remaining 13 of the 20 steps must be located in an area free of overlap. Otherwise, walking under them will be uncomfortable. The width of the step is 300 mm, then the width of the opening will be 13x300 mm = 3900 mm.

We check 1100 (overlap width) + 3900 (opening width) = 6000 (staircase length)

However, not everyone has the opportunity to leave 6 or 5 meters under the stairs. In this case, it is worth playing with the width of the step or the height of the tread. Or you can make a staircase with a turn or with “duck step” steps. Such structures are more complex, which means the calculation will also be more complex.

An example of a drawing of a metal staircase on one stringer

Example 2. Calculation of the angle of inclination of the stairs and parameters of the steps

These calculations are more complex and can be performed using several methods. Among them the following are known:

• computer method;
• Danish method;
• line lifting method;
• sweep method;

What these methods have in common is the need for basic design knowledge. The diagram of the staircase in a graphical interpretation obtained using the methods described above is shown in the figure.

• method of proportions.

Suitable for a beginner in the field of design and allows you to easily calculate both a straight line and stairs with winder steps or a spiral one. After all, there is a peculiarity here, namely, the steps narrow towards the center.

Calculation of a metal or wooden staircase with winder steps of 90 and 180 degrees using the proportion method is based on the uniform distribution of space on the turning section. The calculation is performed as follows:

1. a sketch of the stairs is made in horizontal projection;
2. indicated by a line showing average length march. For convenience, we will place it in the middle;
3. a line indicating the middle of the staircase turn is indicated. The place where the longest step will be located.
4. We plot the width of the steps on the middle line. Thus, their number can be calculated. The calculation is carried out from the turning line.
5. We determine the points where the last identical steps will end. There should be two such points - at the beginning and at the end of the stairs. In rare cases, stairs begin or end with winder steps;
6. in the place where the step will have a minimum width (near one of the stringers, a bowstring or a screw pipe, we set aside 50 mm from the turning line. In total, 50+50 will give us 100 mm. Which is the minimum allowable width of the step;
7. we connect the marked points with the previously marked points that show the width of the step and extend them to the opposite side (the second stringer, bowstring or railing of a spiral staircase).
8. set aside the remaining steps. Approximate proportion 1:2:3. One mm on the narrow part of the staircase is equal to 2 mm on the center line and 3 on the wide part of the turn.

The data from the sketch is transferred to the staircase blanks in accordance with the scale.

The diagram of a staircase with winder steps and a 90-degree turn is clearly presented in the drawings

A staircase with winder steps with a 180-degree turn is calculated in a similar way.

The diagram of a staircase with winder steps with a 180 degree turn is presented below

This method of calculation cannot be called ultra-precise, but calculations sufficient to build a staircase with your own hands can be obtained. If you don't trust him, you can contact a specialist or use a computer program.

Calculation of stairs on bolts

The process is similar to calculating a staircase with winder steps. The only difference is in the method of fastening. The option of mounting on a wall string or without it is possible.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

The calculation of a spiral-type staircase is carried out similarly to the calculation of winder steps. But in this case, you need to accurately determine the configuration. From a design point of view, there are four types.

Note. Spiral staircase considered the most dangerous in terms of movement.

Drawings of spiral staircases

Duck step ladder calculation

This configuration is good because it takes up minimal space, but such stairs are very troublesome to manufacture and operate. A duck step ladder is installed if the slope angle exceeds 45 degrees, and use ladder I don `t want. The peculiarity of this design is that only one leg rests on one step. However, despite this, the design of the frame of such a staircase is no different from the frame of a marching staircase. The only difference is in the shape of the steps.

Goose step staircase diagram

Note. According to the standard, the number of steps in a duck step staircase should be odd. Moreover, it is preferable to do the first step on the right. This is because most users have their dominant foot on the right. The maximum tread is also set to the right.

Computer programs for calculating stairs

The software method allows you to create a 3D project, visualize the project and obtain a drawing of the staircase with an accurate indication of all parameters. Most widespread received programs such as:

• “Compass” (as practice shows, most craftsmen are familiar with this program);

• SolidWorks - allows you to create designs of different engineering structures, not just stairs;

• Consultec Staircon - makes it possible not only to create a staircase project, but to calculate an estimate for its construction. Full 3D model allows you to get a complete understanding of future design.

Rule 5 - Detailed drawing or sketch

Calculation computer method or the method of proportions already presupposes the presence of a drawing of the future staircase. However, even those who do simple staircase It’s worth creating a sketch with dimensions marked on it.

Note. On the sketch you need to put not only the parameters of the staircase, but also indicate the main parameters of the room. For example, the presence and size of a window, a protruding part of a window sill, columns or other objects that can be placed change the configuration or parameters of the staircase during work.

Having thus prepared, you can begin building the stairs with your own hands.

The main disadvantage of a direct march is the high requirements for free space. Therefore, this design is not suitable for every home. Less demanding on free space - a corner staircase with a 90° turn.

Short description

A distinctive feature of a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn is the absence landing. In its place are several wedge-shaped steps. Together they form a smooth turn from one march to another. To do this, one part of the steps is made narrow and the other wide.

In fact, a winder staircase is a combination of a spiral and a marching structure. From the first variety it received space savings (albeit not too significant), from the second - ease of use.

Such structures are usually installed in the corner of the room, although in some cases they can be placed directly in the center of the room. In the first case, the load is partially transferred to the walls, in the second, the structure is held in place by 2 load-bearing beams.
Making a staircase with a 90-degree turn is quite a difficult task. This will require the execution of precise, availability necessary tools, as well as the production of complex parts. However, with the right approach, this is a completely doable task.

Pros and cons of winder design

The advantages of a staircase with a 90-degree angle include the following:

• Saving free space. Compared to straight marching products, winder models take up less space.
• Ease of use. If the steps are not too narrow, then going up or down the corner stairs is almost as convenient as going up or down a regular flight of stairs.
• Good reliability and load capacity. Marching varieties are the strongest and most reliable structures.
• Wide possibilities for design. The variety of materials, shapes and details allows you to create a staircase with a unique design.
• Interior element. Turning stairs fit almost any room, giving the interior a new and unusual look.

Like all staircase structures, winder stairs have not only advantages, but also some disadvantages. Among which it is worth highlighting the following points:

• High price. Cost of production or purchase finished design remains high.
• Difficulty of manufacturing. To create a high-quality product, complex calculations and a lot of time for manufacturing parts will be required.
• Difficulty in installing the structure. Installing a staircase with a 90-degree turn will require considerable effort and at least 2 people.

Material used

IN modern world Many materials are used to produce stairs. For example:

• tree;
• metal;
• concrete and reinforced concrete;
• fiberglass, etc.

In most cases, there are models made of wood or metal. The high popularity of these materials can be explained by two factors: reasonable cost and good strength.
Working with wood is quite simple - no special skills or complex equipment are required. Also, wooden stairs look presentable and give the room a certain coziness. However, it is worth considering that to protect the surface, it is necessary to cover it with protective agents from time to time.

All-metal products are less common. The fact is that the manufacture of such structures requires knowledge of welding and the availability of appropriate equipment. Besides, metal stairs with an angle of 90 degrees they look quite specific and are not suitable for every interior.

Advice!
In some cases, a combined approach can be used. For example, make load-bearing beams from metal and install wooden steps on them.

Despite the similarity of the winder corner design with marching models, going up or down such stairs is less convenient. The main negative point is the winder steps, which have one end narrow and the other wide. It is this structure that increases the risk of injury and the likelihood of slipping off a step.

The size of other elements also affects ease of use. For example, high railings are not suitable for children, and climbing narrow steps will not be very convenient for everyone without exception.

Therefore, to increase the comfort of use, you should consider important points:

• the minimum depth of the narrow part of the winder step is 10 cm, the middle part is no less than 20 cm, the wide part is no more than 40 cm;
• the optimal step height is 15-20 cm;
• The dimensions of winder and straight steps must correspond throughout flight of stairs;
• recommended railing height – 80-100cm;
• the optimal distance between balusters is 12-15 cm;
• minimum height of the opening (free space above the stairs) – 2 m;
• the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is 30-45°;
• minimum width flight of stairs– 90 cm.

Calculation of steps

• N = number of stages;
• H1 – floor height;
• H2 – step height.

Calculation of stairs with winder steps.

But in some cases, the integer value may not work. In this case, you can go in three ways:

• change the height of the steps;
• make the first step of a non-standard size;
• install a platform under the stairs to “adjust” the structure to the desired height.

Advice!
Separately, it is worth mentioning the winder steps - it is not recommended to install more than three to five of them. If there are more of them, then the depth of each tread will be too narrow and climbing such stairs will be inconvenient or even dangerous.

Making a winder staircase with your own hands

Unlike buying a finished product, self-creation a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn will avoid large financial costs. However, it is worth considering that this is a long and complex process.

For greater clarity, it should be divided into several stages:

1. carrying out calculations;
2. manufacturing of parts;
3. installation of the structure.

Preparation

Design is the most important stage in creating a staircase. It is at this stage that the dimensions of the elements are determined, as well as appearance designs. For this reason, special attention should be paid to preparation.

Design consists of 3 stages:

1. taking measurements;
2. making payments;
3. drawing up a diagram.

First of all, you should determine the location of the flight of stairs and take appropriate measurements. In particular, the length, width and height of the space under the stairs. It is the location of the winder product and the free area that influence the dimensions of the structure.

The next step is to carry out calculations. Here you should build on the previous stage, and also take into account optimal sizes. For example, the angle of inclination of the stairs, the number of steps, etc.

The last stage is drawing up a drawing. It should be performed in three projections: front, side and top views. On the vertical projection, you should indicate the location of the flight of stairs (for this you need to draw a floor plan) and its direction.

The winder staircase diagram serves as a visual aid. In addition, a careful and unhurried approach to drawing up a drawing will avoid many problems on next stages. For example, questions about the size of individual elements or their compliance with the recommended parameters.

Execution of work

To manufacture parts and install the structure, you will need the following tools:

• saw;
• Sander;
• drill;
• welding machine (if there are metal elements in the stairs);
• fastening elements (bolts, anchors, screws).

Manufacturing and installation of the structure occurs in a certain order:

1. load-bearing beams are manufactured and attached to the wall;
2. a support pillar is installed;
3. steps are cut out;
4. the steps are installed on supporting beams (they should be mounted from the bottom up);
5. balusters are inserted into the supporting beams;
6. Handrails are placed on the fence posts.

Space saving and pleasant appearance - that’s it short description corner stairs with winder steps. This design will look great in any room, literally transforming it. Therefore, in order to get beautiful and quality product, you should act very carefully and slowly at all stages of production.

To save space in the room or when there is an acute shortage of space, winder staircases are installed as a connection between floors. In such designs outer side The tread is always larger than the inner one, which allows increasing the area of ​​support for the human foot. Below we will talk about the properties, places of application and calculations of such structures, and also watch the video in this article on this topic.

As we have already said, a winder staircase is installed with your own hands if there is a shortage of space and its slope is steeper than that of a regular one. Such modified steps are made to increase the area of ​​support of the foot and the feeling of safety; the foot should fit on it by at least 70%. This means that the tread width will start from 25 cm or more (find out here how to make winder steps for wooden stairs).

How to calculate winder structures when turning 180⁰

• On steep staircase descents, which can be called slopes of 40⁰ or more, and also in order to avoid making a platform between flights when turning, winder steps are used. This ensures not only comfort, but also safety, especially on a descent, when the foot rests on the heel and there is a high probability of it slipping if the support is not wide enough.

• The lack of tread width is especially felt on helical structures or turns, where the tread narrows towards the center, so its narrowest part should be at least 100 mm, because during the descent this will be the maximum platform for the foot. But the overhang of the tread should be limited to 50 mm, so that when lifting, the toe does not cling to the overhanging part. The distance between parallel marches should be at least ¼ of their width, as required by the instructions, so that the treads at the turn are wide enough.

• Pay attention to the schematic drawing above, and you will see two design options with parallel flights, where the platform is replaced by winder steps. In option “a”, the average movement line ABC is drawn, where the width of the treads is marked (note that line BC divides the average tread exactly in the middle, into two equal parts). So we get divisions 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on, how many steps there are.

Advice. The more straight steps there are in the calculation, the more convenient the staircase will be, and the transition will not be so noticeable.

• Of the straight steps that this winder staircase diagram shows in Figure 11 with a dotted line, three of them are captured - 6, 7, and 8. Line DE in this case encloses straight step 8, from which the correction of the width of the treads begins, and center A is connected to divisions 1 and 2 on the movement line. These lines continue until they intersect with DE, where segment 1-2 is formed, which, when laid off from point D to point E, points 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are formed.
• These points are connected by straight lines to points that correspond by numbers marked on the line of movement. As a result of the graphical calculation, we have a projection of the shape of the treads for the winder steps on the left half of the structure. Exactly the same calculation should be made for the right side.
• Another drawing of the winder staircase in Figure “b” shows the adjustment of the winder steps according to accepted norm. The width is plotted from point b along the line of movement, but this is done in such a way that line DB intersects tread 1 in the middle, dividing it into equal parts. Then, we take the number of straight steps, and in our case it is 6, 7, 8, we get a segment AB and from the vertical line DB draw an inclined AC to it at any angle less than 90⁰, and put 7 divisions on it.
• These seven divisions should correspond to the seven steps being adjusted (the scale does not matter). But the size of the divisions should increase by one part each time, that is, starting from point A, the first division will be equal to 2, the second - 3 parts, and so on. For the drawing, you can use any size, where one part will be 5, 10 or 15 mm - everything will depend on the scale of the drawing.
• Point B connects to point C and if we draw lines parallel to them from each point, then on the vertical AB we will get the corresponding segments. Now we connect the intersection points with points 2, 3, 4, 5 and so on, and continue them to the wall that surrounds the cage - this is how we get a horizontal projection of the shape of the winder steps.

How to calculate structures when rotated by 90⁰

• A design such as a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn (see photo above) involves bent stringers, bowstrings or other supports that will follow a smooth bend, so they are most often made without a smooth transition, but at a right (sharp, obtuse) angle . The calculation of such a structure can be done in a manner similar to the upper calculation, using the same graphics (see also the article Calculation of a staircase with winder steps - how to do it right). The sequence of such work is indicated in the lower drawings.

• These drawings indicate the entire sequence of actions, and you can perform all types of work at home. Explanations are given for certain parts of the diagram directly in the figure.

• Graphic calculations do not provide perfect result, so these dimensions can be changed during the rendering process, but this should not affect the width of the tread along the center line of movement. That is, for some treads you can change the width of one side or the other without affecting the middle.

Advice. When you transfer dimensions from a drawing to a real object, be sure to sum up the entire chain so that it does not exceed the existing parameters of the space marked in the room.

Calculation of a straight staircase with winder steps

• In order to calculate the number of steps on a flight of straight stairs, you need to mark three points - A, B and C, where A is the place of the second floor floor at the junction with the flight, B is the place on the lower level under point A, and C is the lower the end of the march is at the level of point B. Thus, we get triangle ABC, which we will use to navigate.
• In this case, our segment CB is 4 m, which means the difference in the horizontal position of the lower and top point march. Our segment AB is 2.5 m, which means the difference between the end vertical points of the march. The climb is somewhat steep, but that’s what the winder steps are for.
• In this case, you can make either 14 or 15 steps, then their height will be 17.8 cm and 16.6 cm, respectively. Both options are suitable, only as the number of steps increases, the width of the tread decreases.

• To calculate the net width of the tread (without overhang), you need to divide the CB value by the estimated number of steps, which means 400/15 = 26.6 cm, and 400/14 = 28.5 cm, which with the addition of an overhang of 3-5 cm forms a chic tread, quite sufficient for a comfortable descent and ascent.

A drawing of a staircase with winder steps is used in great demand in houses where comfortable, safe movement between floors is required, but there is no technical possibility of placing a direct structure. Such structures require special attention at stage .

Diagram with the names of the winder staircase elements

Winder steps are widely used for the following types of stairs:

1. Screw. The most compact options for lifting structures. The recommended width of the total opening is up to 3000 mm.
2. L-shaped. Devices with 90˚ rotation. Occupy less space than straight marches or marches with platforms.
3. U-shaped. They have a 180˚ rotation and are more compact than the previous version.
4. Curvilinear. Features smooth turning lines. Winder steps (treads) are more often used with the same parameters, which creates additional comfort when climbing.

The shape of the turning tread in such structures has the shape of a truncated triangle. Due to the compactness of the device, it saves.

Diagram of the staircase rotation device

Winder steps can be located at the bottom, at the top, or in the middle of the flight of stairs. For safe movement, the first two options are recommended. They have good visibility of the turning area, which allows you to orient yourself in time and change the position of the foot or the length of the step.

Schemes of winder stairs are more difficult to complete than straight structures or with platforms for transition. Therefore, there are often drawings with incorrectly executed structures.

This not only reduces the comfort of movement, but also increases the risk of injury from a fall.

Basic requirements for winder stairs

Comfort and safety are the basic principles that any building structure must meet. The staircase is no exception. A number of the presented technical requirements are also typical for straight march structures:

Scheme of a wooden staircase with winder steps

All of the listed characteristics and data will ensure comfort and safety of movement between floors.

Advantages of winder designs

The main advantages of a winder staircase include:

1. Compactness. Often the area or dimensions of the opening to the second floor do not allow the placement of a straight structure. In order to overcome these difficulties with minimal losses, winder steps are installed in turning flights.
2. Aesthetics. adds a special charm to the interior of the house.
3. Saving materials. As the slope angle (steepness) increases, the consumption of materials decreases slightly.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the level of comfort and safety of movement. The winder treads differ in size, you will have to adapt. And it is more difficult to disperse on such a flight than on ordinary stairs.

Classic look of a winder staircase

Technical data for drawings

To correctly draw up a diagram of a winder staircase, it is necessary to take into account all the standards listed above, the dimensions of the premises and link them to the plan. To do this, proceed to the following steps:

1. Determine the location of the structure.
2. Make the appropriate measurements: the width of the opening, the height from the finished floor of the first floor to the surface of the floor of the second.
3. Draw to scale with detail. If there are openings, windows, ledges, niches in the place where the stairs will be mounted, they are marked on the drawing with reference to the walls and floor.
4. Select the type of structure and building material for it.
5. Produce preliminary calculations by the number, height and depth of steps.

Scheme and drawing of a winder staircase

This data will help you do correct selection structures that will ensure compliance with building codes.

Preliminary data calculation

Knowing the height between levels and the formula for comfortable movement, you can calculate the length of the flight of stairs and the number of expected steps. For example, the specified height between floors is 2600 mm. We will select the height of the degrees from the recommended range of 120 mm. Let's make all the calculations to build the drawing:

The example shows that it is better to reconsider the parameters of the steps. This will significantly save space. For example, with a riser height of 150 mm, the tread depth will become 300 mm, and the length of the staircase will be 5,400. This will save 3 sq. m. usable area Houses.

Drawings and methods for calculating winder steps

Taking into account modern realities and get a quick result, you can use several ways to draw up a design diagram.

Project programs

The best option for design. There are software that, based on the drawing, issue specifications for materials with cutting. There is no provision for this option. But having done detail drawing, calculating the amount of material will not be difficult. The disadvantage of this method is the time spent searching and mastering the software product.

Ready solutions

Drawings posted on the Internet allow you to select suitable option. But you should check them for compliance technical requirements, to protect yourself from someone’s design illiteracy.

Winder staircase drawing

To do this, you can use online calculators or master one of the methods for calculating winder steps.

The main difficulty when working with such drawings is to fit them into the required space ready-made solution. You may find that a window or a ledge on the wall ends up in the place where the stairs are installed.

You will have to either adapt the design to fit, or look for another suitable option.

Online calculators

They will help you make calculations and give recommendations for correcting the design if it does not comply building regulations. Based on the received data, a detailed drawing is automatically generated. This is the simplest and affordable way development of drawings for custom sizes. But in the future you should link to .

Interface online calculator to calculate the winder staircase

Otherwise, the resulting structure may close the window or doorway.

Proportion method

The main difficulty in independently designing a staircase with winder steps is calculating the number and developing the shapes of the rotating elements. Calculation using proportions. This method is suitable for stairs with a rotation of 90˚, 180˚. First, you should draw a top view of the future structure, fitting it into the intended area. Next, perform a series of operations:

This is the simplest and most accessible way to construct a drawing. There are three other methods: Danish, sweep and line lifting. The listed technologies are complex and require deeper knowledge of mathematical analysis. These methods require taking into account the horizontal and vertical curvature of the structure.

Example metal frame for winder stairs

It should be noted that the drawing using any of the above methods is performed with a certain degree of error. Therefore, even professionals adjust parts at the assembly site. Winder staircase - more complex design, therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculation, design, and installation to specialized enterprises.