The cheapest price for a soft device flat roof is a bituminous material that you can see in most multi-storey buildings Soviet period construction.

In addition to the fact that bitumen is difficult to tolerate negative temperatures, it is also capable of absorbing water, which also leads to numerous gusts.

The second unpleasant fact of using bitumen as roofing– this is strong heating on sunny days. Already at 70˚ the resin begins to melt, gradually sliding along the edge of the roof. But even if it is made using proven technology, water still, after penetrating into the lower layers when heated, begins to tear the bitumen material, turning into steam.

The presence of water in a bitumen roof in the lower word is indicated by such a sign as grass, weeds and even trees growing on the surface.

Polymer membranes are already more modern material, built on the basis of polyurethane. With the help of mastic it is possible to repair a flat roof, obtaining a fairly long-term effect. The fact is that polyurethane mastic copes well with Russian climatic conditions, will survive low temperatures and can be partially repaired.

For those residents who plan to install a flat roof and forget about its repair for many years, it is recommended to line the surface with polymer membranes that have a service life of twenty years and are not afraid of temperature changes, mechanical damage and exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Modern polymers can be attached to the base of the roof or spread out like a carpet. In the latter case, a certain ballast will be required that could keep the surface from being lifted by the wind.

Fastening flat roof membrane coating is carried out only around the perimeter, so even if the house begins to shrink, residents of the upper floors will not have to suffer from leaks.

The main difference between the membrane and bitumen material is the absence of the human factor during installation. After all, if bitumen can be poured unevenly, causing cracks and swelling to appear, then the membrane coating is laid, for example, by our professionals - “Moscow Roofers”, who reliably connect the joints by heating and fix the material around the perimeter.

The roof itself performs three main functions: thermal insulation, waterproofing and aesthetics.

Accordingly, when a customer decides to repair the roof, he is not satisfied with the quality of a particular function.

Aesthetics.

Let's start from the very beginning simple option– the customer is not satisfied with the aesthetics of the roof. In this case, ordinary general construction or repair work is carried out, related to either replacing the existing finishing coating, or decorating parapets, or installing equipment, etc. When carrying out such work on a flat roof, you should remember only one thing: by arranging some additional “bells and whistles” you can damage the thermal or waterproofing, which will lead to further negative consequences, so all actions must be performed very carefully.

In the event of a violation of the thermal or waterproofing of a flat roof, repairs will be much more difficult from an engineering point of view and in terms of labor intensity and, as a rule, the cost of the work. In most cases, the roof simply leaks and it is this circumstance that leads to the realization of the need for repairs.

Thermal insulation (insulation and vapor barrier).

Roof leaks are not always associated with waterproofing failure. For example, the roof can simply “float” if a vapor barrier has not been performed, i.e. Convective currents inside the room reach the dew point in the insulation, where abundant condensation forms, which is noticeable in the form of moisture. A similar, but different in nature case is insufficient roof insulation. In this case, the dew point is not located in the insulation, as it should be, but directly on the floor slab, thereby causing abundant condensation, no matter how well the vapor barrier is made directly under the insulation layer. A similar picture is most often observed in severe frost. There is nowhere for ice and water to come from on the roof, however, there is a lot of dripping in the room. In both cases, the recipe for treating this roof is quite simple - it is necessary to additionally insulate it.

If it is impossible to do this from above because it has already been completed finishing or for other reasons, it is possible to do it from the inside. To do this, as an option, it is necessary to attach an additional layer of insulation to the ceiling below the floor slab and install a vapor barrier. The simplest option is something made from self-adhesive film like Alutrix. After which the thickness of the insulation will be sufficient, the dew point will be in the insulation, a vapor barrier will be performed and the roof will stop floating. If a vapor barrier has not been performed at all, then it is necessary to do it. Again, doing it from above is too expensive due to the need to dismantle the roof, but doing it from below, under the floor slab, is quite simple and cheap. Self-adhesive film will also work.

Waterproofing repair.

The most difficult case from the point of view of repairing a flat roof is a violation of the waterproofing: its damage or leakage due to natural wear and tear. If the roof waterproofing is exposed, i.e. the finishing (decorative) layer has not been laid on the roof, the repair is quite simple - you must first find the holes and patch them. If it is a bitumen roof, then most likely it has already served its useful life and there are quite a lot of holes there due to natural wear and tear. Then our recommendation is to repair your flat roof using modern waterproofing materials. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing over the entire waterproofing area, because If the bitumen roof has actually served its purpose, then it is destroyed in many places.

If the insulation becomes significantly wet, it is necessary to install wind vanes (aerators) to dry it, or if it is completely destroyed, replace it. If mineral wool insulation was used and it gets wet, then it will not be possible to dry it with aerators. In this case, the roof will need to be completely dismantled, the insulation replaced, and a new waterproofing layer installed.

If crushed stone, tiles are laid on a flat roof, or the waterproofing is covered with another finishing coat, repair is quite a difficult task, because... searching for a hole can take a long time - this is an autopsy and other additional work. In this case, work is carried out, as a rule, with the complete removal of the roof and, depending on the condition of the waterproofing and insulation, either they are replaced, or the waterproofing is repaired and wind vanes (aerators) are installed to dry the insulation. If waterproofing is done with modern polymer materials, then its repair does not take much time and is carried out with the same material from which the roof is made. If, of course, these damages can actually be detected. Not at all waterproofing membranes Finding defects is a simple task. On the Resitrix membrane, for example, damage is found quite simply.

Conclusions. Anyway, flat roof repair- a complex and expensive task, usually associated with its dismantling completely or in separate sections. By carrying out roof repairs using the materials that were used to make it and by the same workers, in the end you will get exactly the same thing that you have now - the need for repairs. Our main recommendation is to carry out work involving only specialized organizations that have successful experience in such work.

Flat roofs are gradually conquering the private housing construction market. There are many reasons for this, but one of them is important - increased service life and ease of repair. In this article we will tell you how to repair a flat roof, what materials are used for this, and how much life is extended roofing structure after the repair work.

Materials for covering flat roofs

Flat roofs were very rarely used in private housing construction. In the recent past, this was the prerogative of civil and industrial construction projects. And the material with which such roofs were covered was roofing felt. That is, cardboard impregnated with bitumen. It was laid in several layers, coated with hot bitumen.

This roof covering lasted no more than 5 years. Under the influence low temperatures The roofing material began to crack because it did not have sufficient elasticity. In summer, on the contrary, it softened and expanded, forming voids underneath. Every year, repair services checked roofs covered with roofing felt for the formation of defects. And the residents apartment buildings, living on top floor, they knew exactly when the roofs failed based on leaks on the ceilings.

And then the repairs began, which dragged on for several weeks, because working with hot bitumen and roofing felt is not easy. In addition, spot repairs, that is, patching defects, did not lead to the required results. Therefore, most often the flat roof was completely covered with another repair layer, spending a lot of money and effort on this.

The appearance on the market of more modern roofing materials for covering flat roofs has made it possible, firstly, to increase the service life of the roofing covering - up to 30 years, no less. Secondly, the materials themselves, into which they introduced polymer additives, has become more elastic and repairable. This is how bitumen-polymer roll materials based on fiberglass, which is processed with a mixture of modified bitumen and some kind of polymer, appeared on the market. Most often today they use polyvinyl chloride, also known as PVC.

But it should be noted that even such durable and elastic films cannot guarantee one hundred percent service in the sense that they will “work out” on roofs for the period stated by the manufacturer. Because, as practice shows, there are three reasons for the appearance of defects and flaws:

marriage of the roofer material;

illiterate installation on a flat roof;

reduction of resource during operation, that is, the longer the coating is on the roof, the faster its technical characteristics decrease.

Statistics show that the first position is rare. The last two are more common. In general, the installation of roofing coverings must be approached from the perspective professional installation. After all, the roof of a house is its protection from natural loads, where precipitation comes first. Everyone knows what can happen if the roof is not covered correctly.

Types of roofing defects

Let's start by identifying the types of defects that are most often found on flat roofs. These are standard defects: cracks, through holes, air bubbles, peeling edges and others.

It should be noted that repairs to PVC flat roofs should be divided into two categories: simple and complex. The first includes minor defects: small punctures, short crack length. The second - air bubbles and peeling.

Repair of minor defects

For example, if it is a crack, then the easiest way is to heat its edges and roll it with a small roller. The thing is that PVC membranes roofing type– self-adhesive materials. Treated with special adhesive composition they do not lose it for a long time, even if detachment has occurred. The glue does not lose its characteristics almost throughout the entire period of operation of the flat roof. Therefore, by heating it, that is, by bringing it into a plastic state, you can guarantee that it will serve for many years.

If the hole in the roofing is small, the same puncture, then proceed in exactly the same way. If the hole is, say, a few centimeters, then you can’t do without a patch. It is cut out from the same PVC membrane so that it covers the defect by 5-10 cm on each side. After which it is placed at the location of the flaw, heated with a special welding machine that generates a stream of hot air, and rolled with a roller, pressing firmly against the roofing.

The only thing that needs to be taken into account when conducting PVC repair membranes, this means pre-drying the area that is being repaired. Because moisture accumulated in the roofing defect will resist the gluing process. This means you need to get rid of moisture. For drying they use the same welding machine or a hair dryer.

Major repairs of flat PVC roofing

If the defects of the flat roof are significant, then spot repairs will not help. We will have to carry out a set of measures or so-called major repairs. It is carried out using different technologies.

If there are many defects on the roof, they are located evenly over the entire area and at the same time close to each other friend, then it's better old roofing coating do not dismantle. Eg, a large number of small cracks. It must be cleaned of debris, dried well and coated with primer. The last one is liquid material based on polymers or bitumen, which, when dried on the roof plane, forms a film with high adhesive properties. And already on this plane you can lay a PVC membrane, covering the roof completely. In this case, standard technology is used with gluing the edges of the strips using the hot welding method. This technology is considered the cheapest, because no Nas necessarydismantle old coating, and the polymer membrane itself is laid in one layer.

If defects roofs big ones and them a lot of. In this case you will have to dismantle old roofing coating right down to the waterproofing layer that covers the thermal insulation cake. It is very important to approach the process competently so as not to damage waterproofing, and even more so insulation. If this happens, you will have to repair and lower layers, and this increase repair budget. So, waterproofing layer whole, now you need to treat it with a primer, and then lay a PVC membrane on top using standard technology. Depending on the angle of inclination of the flat roof from 1° to 5°, the number of membrane layers can vary from 2 to 4.

If leaks were not discovered in time, then you will have to carry out major repairs not only of the roof covering, but of the entire roof as a whole. It is clear that precipitation and water from melted snow penetrated the layers of thermal insulation, vapor barrier and screed, damaging them significantly. Therefore it will be necessary dismantle all these layers. Sometimes they try not to touch the screed, but only repair the wet areas. Although it is better to remove the entire screed layer to get some kind of guarantee. And after that restore everything layers roofing pie followed by laying a PVC membrane in several layers. It turns out that this repair option dearest And labour intensive.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies that offer. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

To avoid problems associated with major repairs, it is recommended to periodically inspect the flat roof for the formation of minor defects, and urgently take all measures to eliminate them. And also clean the surface of debris, which, as practice shows, is often the cause of defects. That is, in this way you can avoid spending a lot of money, because, for example, repairing a flat roof in Moscow costs a lot of money. Here are the average prices for operations performed:

installation of PVC membrane in one layer – 600 RUR/m²;

dismantling of strictly roofing – 400 rub./m²;

installation of insulation with a layer of 100 mm – 250 rub./m²;

primer treatment – ​​110 RUR/m²;

pouring screed – 550 RUR/m²;

laying steam or waterproofing – 60 RUR/m²;

cleaning and garbage removal – RUB 3,000/T.

Video description

In the video, a specialist talks about how to repair a flat roof covered with a PVC membrane:

How to repair a flat roof covered with other rolled materials

In addition to PVC membranes, which belong to the group of self-adhesive roll materials, flat roofs are also covered with other roll-type products:

Adhesive. For this they use bitumen mastic, which is first applied to the surface of the roof, and then spread on it in strips and roll covering, rolling it with a roller. The strips, as in all technologies, are laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm, the edges of the overlap are also coated with mastic.

Fused roofing. It is too roll material, only before laying it is heated with an open fire from a gas burner. Bitumen applied to reverse side material melts and becomes semi-liquid. It also acts as an adhesive.

These roofing materials are repaired differently than PVC membranes. For example, if these are minor defects: small cracks or holes, then they are simply covered with bitumen mastic, and the latter is applied using a spatula.

If the roof defects are large, for example, a long and wide crack (hole), then it is covered with a patch made of the same material as the roof itself. The patch is cut out more sizes flaw by 5-10 cm. The defect itself is well treated with bitumen mastic, a patch is laid, rolled with a roller, and after drying, another thick layer of mastic is applied on top, covering the entire area of ​​the patch and the boundaries of the joints.

If the defect of a flat roof is an air bubble or swelling, as a result of moisture getting under the covering, then the defective area is cut into four halves with a sharp knife, as shown in the photo below, then:

dry the defective area construction hairdryer;

treated with mastic;

press the petals of the cut to its place;

roll them with a roller;

treated with mastic;

laid on top of the defective patch patch;

press her and roll with a roller;

on top apply bitumen mastic thick layer.

As with PVC membranes, major repairs of a flat roof covered with other types of rolled materials are carried out in exactly the same way. That is, with the complete dismantling of the roofing covering or with the complete dismantling of all the layers with which the roof was covered.

Video description

The video shows one of the flat roof repair technologies:

Repair of flat roofing from corrugated sheets

Most often, corrugated sheets fail for two reasons:

reduction in service life due to which the protective layers become thinner, hence the formation of fistulas (through holes) and areas covered with rust;

, which leads to the formation of holes or strong concavity of the material, and this leads to the formation of gaps at the junction of two panels.

The ideal option in the first case is to carry out complete replacement roofing covering. Because the material, worn out by time and natural stress, will always fail. And its repair is a waste of money, effort and time.

As for the second option, small holes can be sealed, extending the life of the profiled sheets. There are few repair technologies. One that is most often used is to install a patch cut from a roll of polymer-bitumen roofing material. They do it like this:

clean the defect site;

dry it;

treated with bitumen mastic;

lay down patch, pressing it well and rolling it with a roller;

another one is applied on top mastic layer with full closure joints two materials around the perimeter of the patch.

Video description

The video describes the materials that can be used to repair flat roofs:

Conclusion on the topic

So, we discussed the topic of repairing flat roofs. From the information provided, it becomes clear that the complexity of this process, and accordingly the price of repair work, depends on the complexity of the defects and their number. Therefore, you should not bring the roof to a state where you will have to carry out major repairs. You just need to inspect it at least once a year for any defects. And immediately get rid of them.

Flat roofing is superior to pitched roofing in cost and ease of installation. But there is also a drawback: relatively often you have to do repairs. How and with what materials it is carried out - these questions will be the topic of this article.

Types of flat roof repairs

Roof restoration work is usually divided into three categories:

1. Maintenance.
2. Major renovation.
3. Emergency measures.

Maintenance

Current repairs are a set of works aimed at maintaining normal condition roofs: minor damage and defects that may lead to leaks in the future are eliminated. Typically, the total area of ​​the areas being restored does not exceed 40% of the total roof area, while repairmen most often limit themselves to manipulating the surface layer.

Problem areas are identified through an inspection, which is recommended to be carried out once every six months, or at least once a year.

It is very important to carry out Maintenance in a timely manner, since minor damage on a flat roof quite quickly develops into large ones, which entails a significant increase in the cost of restoring the coating.

Major renovation

In case of severe wear and tear, when the area of ​​areas with damage or unsatisfactory condition exceeds 40% of the roof area, a full-scale reconstruction of the roofing pie is resorted to. In fact, the roof, starting with the vapor barrier, is laid anew - only a small part of the materials that are in good condition is reused.

By doing overhaul flat roof, all layers of the roofing pie are dismantled and re-installed

Emergency repairs

Emergency repairs must be resorted to urgently if the roof leaks. If current and major repairs are usually carried out in the warm season, then emergency repairs are done when necessary, and this is its peculiarity.

In winter, emergency work is carried out to urgently eliminate roofing defects.

Within emergency repairs, like the current one, they usually manipulate only the surface layer. In most cases, the area of ​​damaged areas does not exceed 20% of the entire roof area, but if necessary, the coating is replaced in larger quantities.

Preparation for repair

During roof repair work, it is often necessary to dismantle the old roofing covering. It is clear that at this moment the structure in some places loses its protection from precipitation, so you need to prepare very carefully so that nothing prevents the repairs from being carried out as soon as possible.

Selection of materials for repairing flat roofs

For the device and, accordingly, four types of materials are used.

Bitumen coatings

The category of bituminous materials includes traditional roofing felt, which is cardboard coated with bitumen, as well as newer coatings such as metalloizol and folgoizol, which are reinforced with foil.

Folgoizol is a multilayer structure with an outer coating of aluminum foil

Bitumen waterproofing is the cheapest, but also the least durable - the material becomes unusable after 5–7 years. Such a short service life is explained by the following disadvantages:

• low frost resistance - moisture is retained in the pores of bitumen, which gradually destroys the material during successive freeze-thaw cycles;
• insufficient ductility - due to temperature changes, the bitumen coating cracks relatively quickly;
• instability to influence ultraviolet radiation(bitumen materials and mastics used for gluing them become even more fragile under sunlight).

Bitumen-polymer materials

Adding a small amount (usually no more than 12%) of various polymers to bitumen makes it possible to increase the frost resistance of the material and its plasticity, as a result of which the service life is extended to 15–20 years. In addition, instead of fragile cardboard, fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester is used as a base, due to which the material acquires increased resistance to mechanical stress.

Rubemast is manufactured using more modern technology than roofing felt, therefore it has several times longer service life

At the moment, a wide range of materials are produced using this technology, for example, bikrost, rubemast, rubestek, hydrostekloizol, steklomast, steklobit, linokrom.

Particular success was achieved when mixing into bitumen crumb rubber, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastics. Materials made in a similar way are produced under the brands Filizol, Thermoflex, Dneproflex and Dnepromast, Luberite, Elabit, Mastoplast, Isoplast, etc.

People often call bitumen-polymer materials Euroroofing felt. In addition to increased resistance to negative factors, it has another important difference from roofing felt: laying can be done by fusing, for which the lower surface is heated with a gas or gasoline burner.

To fix the euroroofing material, it is enough to heat its bottom layer using a burner - gasoline or gas

At the same time, euroroofing felt also inherited some disadvantages from its prototype: it also has to be laid in several layers, and, with rare exceptions, it is necessary to sprinkle the surface with stone chips.

The cost of bitumen-polymer materials is higher than traditional roofing felt, but due to the less frequent repair work, the cost of maintaining the roof is ultimately reduced by 2 times (based on 40-year operation).

Single layer membranes

Single-layer membranes are a fundamentally different type of coating, which is made from synthetic rubber or polymers. It has a number of advantages:

• laid in one layer, so it can be installed very quickly;
• is very elastic;
• has no pores, therefore it has high frost resistance;
• perfectly resists all other negative factors external environment- UV radiation, oxidation and temperature changes;
• can be installed at any time of the year;
• does not require powdering with stone chips;
• supplied in rolls up to 15 m wide (the width of bituminous materials is 1 m), due to which the number of seams on the roof is significantly reduced.

The membrane can be secured using either glue or bitumen mastic, and through self-tapping screws. Due to the long service life (more than 25 years), single-layer installation and the rare need for repair work, the maintenance of the roof over 40 years of operation will have to be spent 4 times less funds than in the case of bitumen roofing.

Roof repairs using the single-layer Ecoplast membrane can be carried out at any time of the year

The production of membranes in Russia has been mastered for quite a long time: Cromel, Ecoplast, Logicbase, Rukril and others have proven themselves well.

Roofing mastics

Roofing mastics are liquid formulations, which are applied to the roof in any of the following ways:

• spraying (industrial sprayers are used);
• using a brush;
• using the pouring method followed by leveling with a roller.

After some time, the mass polymerizes and turns into an elastic, waterproof film, similar to rubber. Because of this similarity, roofing mastics are often called liquid rubber. The film is extremely elastic - it does not tear at a relative elongation of up to 1000%. This means that when the building shrinks, the roofing will remain intact.

After polymerization, roofing mastic turns into a waterproof film similar to rubber

Compared to rolled materials, mastics have an important advantage: the coating will be seamless for any roof area. They are also very useful for repair work, as they allow you to fill the most difficult to reach cavities.

Roofing mastics are produced in both one-component and two-component versions. In the second case, the base composition must be mixed with a hardener.

The composition of the mastics varies quite a lot, and accordingly, their service life is different:

• butyl rubber, for example, “Germabutyl NMG-S”, “TechnoNIKOL No. 45”, “Polikrov M-120/M-140” serve for 25 years;
• chlorosulfopolyethylene, for example, “Polikrov-L”, “Izokrov”, “Krovlelit” also protect the roof surface for up to 25 years;
• bitumen-latex, for example, TechnoNIKOL No. 33, BLEM 20, Master Flex must be updated every 20 years;
• bitumen rubber, for example, REBAKS-M, MGH-K, Venta U, will require repair after 15 years of operation.

To glue rolled materials you will need bitumen mastic (not to be confused with roofing mastic - “liquid rubber”). You can buy it at the store, or you can make it yourself. There are two varieties of this material:

• cold mastic - used for gluing internal (lining) layers roll material;
• hot mastic - applied over the coating as a protective layer and to fix the stone chips.

Cold mastic is prepared from the following ingredients:

• bitumen - 2 parts;
• gasoline - 2 parts;
• filler, which can be used as gypsum, lime or ash powder - 1 part.

The bitumen is heated in some container and kept for some time so that the moisture completely evaporates from it. The temperature at which evaporation is carried out is approximately 180 o C. Then filler is poured into the bitumen, after which the mixture is thoroughly stirred with a wooden stick. Next, you need to pour it into gasoline.

If the bitumen is heated, then it is this that needs to be poured into gasoline, and not vice versa. Otherwise, a fire may occur. After cooling, the mastic can be used for its intended purpose. It should be borne in mind that it is not stored for a long time, so there is no point in preparing a large volume for the future.

The technology for preparing hot bitumen mastic involves cooking bitumen at a temperature of approximately 200 o C. During this process, filler is gradually added, while the bitumen is mixed.

If a small amount of bitumen is needed for repairs, it can be heated in a metal bucket, and for large volumes special installations are used

If, when mixing bitumen with filler, the temperature of the mixture drops below 160 o C, the material will greatly lose quality.

To insulate the roof, you should use a material that can support the weight of the coating and snow without being greatly deformed. These are:

• extruded polystyrene foam. Its composition is identical to ordinary polystyrene foam, only the structure is homogeneous and not granular;
• rigid slabs from mineral wool. The density of the material (varies from 50 to 400 kg/m3) must be selected in accordance with the snow loads characteristic of a given region;
• expanded clay The cheapest, but at the same time the least effective heat insulator.

Video: repairing soft roll roofing using mastic - what you need to know

Budgeting

For large volumes of work it is useful to make a calculation necessary materials and calculate their cost. Having an estimate in hand, the owner of the building is guaranteed to acquire everything he needs, so that during repairs he will not have to be distracted by secondary actions. In addition, the estimate will show what funds will need to be allocated, because with large-scale repairs the costs can be quite significant.

If it is decided to entrust the repair of the roof to a team of hired workers or a specialized company, then to draw up an estimate they need to provide the following information:

Preparing tools

To carry out the work you will need:

1. Assembly cutter. With its help it is convenient to remove worn roofing coverings. This tool can be replaced with a well-sharpened ax, which, instead of an axe, is attached to a handle made of steel pipe suitable length.
2. Construction knife. Used for cutting sheets of roofing material.
3. Gas or petrol burner ( blowtorch). It is used for fusing bitumen-polymer roll material, if it is decided to use it as a roofing covering. It is easier to work with a gas burner, and the fuel for it is cheaper. But it is also more dangerous, so in the absence of skills it is better to use a blowtorch.

   The use of a gas burner requires the roofer to pay increased attention to safety rules

4. Construction hairdryer. Helps quickly dry the area being repaired, and can also be used for fusing some materials.

   Using a construction hair dryer, you can quickly dry the area being repaired or fuse roofing material.

5. Maklovitsy. This is the name of the special brushes with which in the process roofing works apply mastic and primer. If there are no brushes available, you can use an old broom instead.

   Apply primers and mastics with a wide brush - a brush

6. Roller. Used for leveling mastics.
7. Protective glasses. According to safety requirements, glasses must be worn when working with gas burner, as well as when knocking down screeds.

Flat roof repair technology

Each type of defect on flat roofs is eliminated using its own method.

The roll material has peeled off

The sequence of actions is as follows:

There is a crack or bulge in the coating

The easiest way to repair such damage is to install a patch. Before this, you need to determine how deeply the moisture has penetrated into the roofing pie.

1. The area with the crack is cut out with an ax or a mounting cutter, and the swelling is opened with a cross-shaped incision. If the underlying layer of roll material is wet, it needs to be cut out. Do the same with other wet layers until they reach dry.

   The area with a crack or swelling is opened using a cross-shaped incision

2. In the resulting hole, place one on top of the other as many fragments of rolled material as were cut out, gluing each one with mastic.
3. If the defect was a swelling, then 4 triangular valves, bent after opening, are returned to their place and securely glued with mastic. Some craftsmen nail these flaps with slate nails.
4. The roof area within a radius of 10–15 cm from the damage site is cleared of debris, dust and dirt, and the cleaned area is filled with bitumen mastic.
5. Apply a patch of the appropriate size.

   A layer of mastic is applied to the opened and treated area, and then a patch is laid on it, the edges of which are also coated with bitumen

6. The edges of the patch are coated with mastic and sprinkled with stone chips, pressing them into the bitumen using a roller.

Installing a patch is not always guaranteed to provide the desired result. The repairman may not notice hidden damage, so after repair the roof will still leak. They often make the mistake of installing a patch above the place where the water appeared on the ceiling: in fact, the damage can be located up to 2 m from the leak.

Taking into account all that has been said, many craftsmen prefer to simply lay a new one over the worn-out coating, which is commonly called repair the old way. It must be taken into account that laying new layers one after another significantly increases the load on the walls. For safety reasons, it is not allowed to lay more than eight layers of coating on the roof, but even with fewer layers, it is advisable to perform strength calculations of the walls and ceilings.

Video: technology for repairing cracks and blisters on a flat roof

Roofing membrane damaged

Single-layer membranes, which were described above, withstand weathering, but can be damaged, for example, when removing snow from the roof with a metal shovel. The tightness of such a coating is restored as follows:

If peeling occurs in the seam area, then the peeled area is welded in the same way, having previously treated it with inside solvent. If the broken section is more than 5 m long, it should be restored using a special repair tape, for example, Eternbond.

Cracks have appeared in the mastic roofing covering

Cracks in the mastic coating appear as a result of aging of the material. Restoration is carried out with the same mastic from which this coating was made. They work like this:

In case of extensive damage, the repair layer must be reinforced with fiberglass mesh with a density of 100 g/m2. First, a layer of mastic is applied by spray, then the mesh is laid, and after that the mastic is applied again, which should completely hide the mesh.

Stages of flat roof repair

Any repair begins with an inspection of the roof. Here's what you need to pay attention to:

WITH special attention areas adjacent to pipes, parapets, ventilation shafts and other objects on the roof.

If the damage covers more than 40% of the roof, a major repair is performed, which includes the following steps:

1. Removal of existing roofing material.
2. Dismantling the screed (bumpers or special machines that cut grooves in the screed can be used).

   Major repairs to a flat roof begin with the complete removal of the old roof covering and the concrete screed underneath

3. Removing insulation.
4. Replacing the vapor barrier or, if possible, restoring it.
5. Restoration of elements of the internal drainage system.
6. Installation of insulation. If mineral wool slabs are used for this purpose, you can purchase varieties that have the slope necessary to ensure drainage (they are called wedge-shaped).

   When using a wedge thermal insulation material The slope of the roof can be done already at the stage of its insulation

7. Sloping the surface by adding sand or expanded clay (if the slope was not formed by insulation).

   The slope of a flat roof can be done by pouring a layer of expanded clay on top of the insulation

8. Installation of funnels for water drainage (elements of the internal drainage system).
9. Laying a screed from a cement-sand mortar and then covering it with bitumen (prevents moisture evaporation).

   Before pouring the screed, reinforcement mesh and wooden beacons are installed on the roof surface

10. Laying roofing material. Bitumen and bitumen-polymer roll materials should be laid in 3–5 layers (the lower the roof slope, the more layers). The strips are laid with an overlap of 10 cm or more, gluing them with mastic. In the first layer they are laid parallel to the cornice, in the second - perpendicular, while the ends of the strips of the second layer are placed on the walls and glued or fixed with dowels. Next, the direction of the stripes in the layers must be alternated.

It is not always possible to perform the tilt correctly. To identify errors, perform the following test:

• before installing the last layer of coating, the roof is filled with water;
• Mark with chalk those areas from which moisture does not drain.

After drying such dents, you need to pour a thick layer of mastic or glue a piece of rolled material (no thicker than 1 mm), after which you can lay finishing layer with stone powder. If there is no powder (ordinary roofing felt), it is applied independently onto a layer of hot mastic, into which the stone chips are pressed with a roller.

Video: flat roof repair on the roof of a house

To reduce the frequency of flat roof repairs, you must initially rely on quality materials. And during maintenance, you should protect the coating from mechanical damage - when clearing the surface of snow and ice, it is not recommended to use a metal shovel or crowbar.