The question is where to dig a well in order to be sure that the water in it will be clean and in large quantities, worries those who are planning to organize water supply to their summer cottage from this hydraulic structure. It would seem that the question concerns only the location, but it should be noted that there are special documents government agencies, which accurately determine the distance from the well to the house and other buildings and structures. One of them is SNiP 30-02-97, which deals with the standards for planning and development of summer cottages.

Well structure near the house

Standards for the location of a well in a dacha

But in any document, even in the designated SNiP, you cannot find exact standard distances when it comes to a well for drinking water. The thing is that the well itself does not bear any load on the building. Therefore, you can often find wells that are dug inside the house. However, it is necessary to make a reservation that this type of construction is possible if the house is not built on a shallow foundation.

Shallow foundation structures are usually built for small, lightweight buildings. When excavating soil inside a house or near the foundation, soil movements may occur, which will affect the quality of not only the foundation structure, but also the main structure as a whole. Therefore, it is for such cases that there is a standard distance from the well to the building. It should not be less than 3 m.

Local water supply network

But it is also necessary to take into account the fact that a well can act as a source of water, which is a point of intake for the local water supply network. If you install a pump in a well shaft and connect it with a hose or pipe with piping internal water supply, then you can guarantee the constant presence of water in the house. And in this regard, the closer the well structure is to the house, the better.

• Firstly, this reduces the distance from the source to consumers, which makes it possible to shorten the water supply line and use a pump with less power. And this is a good saving of money.
• Secondly, the small size of the dacha plot does not make it possible to carry out construction or carry out construction on a large scale decorative design territories. Therefore, compactness is the main requirement for development.

Distance from well to sewerage facilities

As for other buildings or objects, the well can be built at a distance:

• more than 30 m from buildings where livestock or poultry are kept;
• more than 4 m from the planted trees, this is in case the roots of the plantings reach the well and begin to destroy it;
• more than 1 m from bushes;
• and at least 30 m to cesspools, septic tanks, sewage system drains, toilets and other objects associated with sewage or pollution.

Attention! Optimal condition– if the well is dug higher than the sewerage facilities are located. And here not only your own buildings are taken into account, but also those of your neighbors.

The photo below shows the location of the well in relation to the main house and other buildings on summer cottage. At the same time, the author of the drawing outlined the ideal location, which guarantees that the water inside this hydraulic structure will always be drinkable.

Ideal location of a well in a summer cottage

Features of the structure

Choosing a place for a well, in principle, is not very difficult if you have a plan for developing a summer cottage. This will be especially important for those who are just starting to equip their dacha. If the house is still just under construction, then you can safely dig a well, which it was decided to organize inside the building. Moreover, the construction of buildings will require water, so the construction of a water source will be very important precisely in the first stages of landscaping a suburban area.

If the foundation has already been poured, then in this case you can also dig a well shaft inside. Although there is no problem doing this with an already erected house. Simply, the more free and open space, the easier it is to excavate soil.

It should also be taken into account that a well inside a building is a loss in usable area Houses. If the total area is large, then there will be no problems. But in small buildings, where everyone counts square meter It is better to refuse such an idea. It is possible in basement, if provided for in the house design. The well shaft will have to be cleaned regularly, and sometimes repaired - this is the installation of a block for cleaning, dirt and debris, so the space around the well should be easy to clean, and Decoration Materials be resistant to moisture.

As for the well near the foundation or in any other place, this is the easiest. The matter can only be complicated by the presence big trees, the roots of which have an extensive network. Therefore, it is worth taking into account even such seemingly not the most stringent requirements and conditions.

Well inside the house

But, as practice shows, shallow wells will create the most trouble. This primarily indicates that the aquifer lies very close to the surface of the earth. When digging a mine, water rises from the horizon by 1.5-2 m, filling the reservoir. That is, its location becomes even higher. And if the construction of the mine and the formation of the shaft are carried out incorrectly, then there is a high probability that, seeping through the walls of the lining of the mine walls, water will begin to wash away the foundation itself. And this is already big trouble.

Therefore, it is very important to take care of sealing the shaft of the well structure. Especially if it is finished with wood, stone or brick. In this regard, reinforced concrete rings guarantee maximum tightness.

So, the distance from the well to the house and other buildings on the dacha plot is a very important value. From all of the above, we can conclude that most often this indicator affects both the purity of water in the well and technical condition houses, first of all the foundation.

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In order for the sewerage system to operate smoothly, it must be equipped in compliance with sanitary and construction standards. When installing mains in a private home, it is important to consider the distances between well structures used for checking, repairing and cleaning the system.

Types of sewer mines

Sewer wells can be inspection, differential, rotary, storage

Sewer well structures are classified depending on their purpose.

• Observations. They are installed to control the operation of system elements and to clean when congestion occurs.
• Rotary. They allow you to control the areas through which waste liquids change the direction of movement, making the places of turns and kinks more accessible, where blockages often form.
• Drops. They are constructed to compensate for the slope of the pipeline, since its increase or decrease leads to the settling of solid impurities in the pipes.
• Nodal. Provides access to connecting pipes.

The material for constructing inspection wells is usually reinforced concrete, but in Lately Plastic tanks are gaining popularity. Any sewerage shafts are installed underground. They act as connecting elements of the sewer main.

Permissible distance between wells

Inspection well

The main document defining the design features of wells in the drainage system and the standard distances between them is SNiP 2.04.03-85. It is necessary to adhere to the data specified in it when laying the sewage line in order to improve the quality of operation of the treatment plants and ensure correct installation. If the standards are observed, cracks and leaks do not form in the structures, and sewer liquids move without obstacles. Each type of well element has its own requirements.

Inspection or revision structures

Wells are constructed during the installation of a pipeline of considerable length, with many turns and bends, where there are branches and transition elements with changes in the pipe cross-section.

The maximum distance between inspection units is determined depending on the cross-section of the pipe sections used for assembly:

• With a pipeline diameter of 100 mm, well structures are installed at least every 15 m.
• If the cross-section of the pipes is 150 mm, then the distance increases to 35 m.
• With a pipeline size of 200–450 mm, inspections are mounted at a maximum distance of 50 m from each other.
• Large pipes with a cross-section above half a meter require a distance between inspection devices of up to 75 m.

The larger the transverse size of the main pipes, the farther apart inspection installations can be installed.

Minimum distance between inspection sewer wells according to SNIP:

It is also important to comply with the minimum indicators. The abundance of revisions is not beneficial - their number affects the speed of movement of the drainage masses. The location of the first revision should be located no closer than three meters from the house, and the permissible maximum distance should be no more than twelve meters.

Rotating devices

According to its functional and design features almost identical to the revision ones. The only difference between them is that the turn signal is installed in places where the pipeline bends.

The distance between rotary shafts depends on the configuration of the networks. The indicator is calculated based on the length of straight sections between pipe turns. If it is longer than the norm specified for inspection structures, it will be necessary to install an additional inspection so that this sewer section can be monitored.

Drop wells

Variants of differential structures

If the area where the sewage system is being installed has a complex topography, drop shafts are used. In hilly areas the slope of the pipeline will be greater. This threatens that the flow rate Wastewater will increase, solid fractions will begin to stick to inner surface pipes and will eventually create a blockage. Drop shafts reduce the speed of wastewater flow.

Exact standards for such structures have not been calculated; other requirements are imposed on them:

• the height difference should not be more than three meters;
• at a depth of up to half a meter, the structure can be replaced with a revision with an overflow;
• devices are mounted in places of pipe bends.

At the beginning of the main line, a tank is installed to flush the network in a section of low flow. This could be a revision or a special device.

Nodal mines

Reservoirs are installed where the supply sewer branches converge into a single drainage main. There are no regulatory requirements for them, except for the cross-section of the shaft itself:

There cannot be more than one incoming and three outgoing pipes in a structure tray.

Distance between storm water inlets

When created on a site storm sewer It is important to consider the distance between rainwater inlets. It depends on the slope of the tray and the terrain:

If the area is wider than 30 m, the distance between storm water inlets is no more than 60 m. The length from the storm water inlet to the collector inspection is a maximum of 40 m, and installation of no more than one is permissible intermediate device. The cross-section of the connecting section is determined by the calculated water inflow to the storm drain with a slope of 0.02, but it cannot be less than 20 cm.

How to calculate the appropriate distance

Layout of the septic tank on the site

When designing calculations when creating a sewerage main, the following factors are taken into account:

• relief of the territory;
• characteristic features of the soil;
• location of aquifers and sanitary protection zones;
• presence of buildings and communication lines.

The standards indicate the distances between structures located on straight highways. On pipelines with bends, they may change slightly downward. However, it is impossible to deviate too much from the requirements, as this will worsen the functioning of the sewerage system.

In addition to the distances between wells, other distances are also taken into account. They are also important for system operation and safety. For example, the minimum distance from any sewer shaft to the foundation of a house is three meters, the maximum is twelve meters.

At least 30 meters are left between the sewage disposal devices and the water supply source so that the wastewater does not pollute drinking water. The area where the water supply is installed is located 50 meters or more away from the septic tank.

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Creating inlet holes in reinforced concrete rings for pipes with a diameter of more than 250 mm, as a rule, leads to their damage. Therefore, for shafts to which such pipes are planned to be connected, the lower part of their main working chamber is constructed either of brick or of monolithic concrete.

One of important characteristics The working chamber of any well is tight. Based on this, the inside of the finished housing is sealed with bitumen. Sealing can also be done by coating the inside of the well cement mortar. For filtration shafts, tightness is not particularly important. In addition, a special hole is often constructed at the bottom of the working chamber for greater drainage.

Pipes that are adjacent to the well must be laid flush with its inner surface.

If, when laying a sewer system, it is impossible to lay a whole number of products between two shafts, then from extreme pipe it is necessary to cut off its flared end. The junction of the installed pipes with the walls of the shaft is carefully sealed with cement mortar, both outside and inside.

The necks of the wells must be installed above the mouth of the largest supply pipeline. In pipeline shafts that have a rotation angle of less than 165°, the neck should be located above the outer shelf of the tray (angle bisector).

Independence own home in the provision of water and waste disposal is the priority of every owner. But when constructing these structures, it is important to know how many meters the minimum distance from well to well will be when installing an artesian excavation and a septic tank, so as not to create environmental problem on site and for your own health.

When starting to build water supply and sewerage structures for your home, you need to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions and SNiP. Successful implementation the project depends on the quality preparatory work, which includes:

1) Drawing up a site plan with exact parameters of buildings and indicating the distance between objects, site fencing and buildings.

2) Determining the location for the construction of a drinking source:

• the distance from the drinking well to the sewerage system should not be less than the standard (20 m);
• When choosing a location for a water source, the quality of the aquifer is taken into account, which is studied by preliminary drilling of a well.

3) Determining the location for a local treatment facility.

We focus on the standard 5–7 m from the house. This interval was adopted based on possible negative consequences:

• When the structure is located at a greater distance from the building, when it is necessary to maintain a minimum distance to the well, it may be difficult to eliminate the blockage. If the interval increases, it will be necessary to install an additional viewing chamber;
• location closer than 5 m and possible depressurization of the septic tank - there is a possibility of the foundation of the building being washed away and the smell of sewage entering the room;
• In addition to the standard gap from buildings, the access to the site of a sewage disposal truck for periodic pumping out of accumulated wastewater is taken into account.

4) Determination of installation locations for water and sewer chambers in SNT:

• when connecting to a water pipeline, the distance between the inspection well and the sewer must be at least 5 m. And from the house the inspection well water chamber can stand 3–5 m;
• the gap from the drainage chamber to the external water conduit should be 3–5 m, so that in the event of depressurization of the septic tank or pressure sewer pipe toxic wastewater did not enter the inspection shaft of the water main.

5) In addition to household, arranged, collecting rainwater into a separate chamber. The space between the clean shaft and the pipes should be maintained in the same way as a domestic sewer.

When starting to build a house and other buildings on the site, you need to start with a source of water supply, since the rules for limiting construction to a sanitary zone will make it difficult to choose a place for a septic tank.

The SNiP standard establishes thatdistance betweendrinkingwellsin neighboring areas at the same depth - at least 50 meters. This norm is determined so that in the event of possible contamination of one of the workings through the aquifer, infection is prevented in another. If the aquifers in the mines are located at different horizons, the distance can be reduced to 30 meters.

SNiP and rules for locating sources in SNT

SNiP standards for the territories of non-profit associations define the gap between the water pipeline and centralized system sewerage, amounting to 3–5 m.

1. Inspection cameras along the water pipeline route are installed at a distance of 50 m from each other, and wells connecting the home network to the central network are placed 5 m from the house.
2. The maximum distance between sewer wells for inspection and removal of blockages, equipped with plastic hatches with a pipe diameter of 200–450 mm, is limited to 50 m. The gap between the chamber connecting the network with internal sewerage at home and building, at least 5 m is established.

Between neighbors

The interval should be at least 20 meters, and the distance between adjacent water shafts located at the same depth should be 50 m. These parameters must be observed regardless of the location of the fence delimiting the territories.

From the water mine and sewerage to the fence

It is regulated by a conditional limitation of the gap from the fence, which must be at least 2 m.

The water source is located no closer than 5 meters from the fence for ease of maintenance. But this is provided that the neighbors behind the fence do not have objects to which SNiP standards apply.

Standard from sewer to sewer chamber

The distance between sewer shafts when installing a collector depends on the diameter of the pipes and the topography of the soil. On a straight section with a pipe diameter of 100 mm, the distance between inspection cameras is no more than 15 m.

With a pipe diameter of 150 mm, the interval between chambers can be 35 meters. These standards ensure stable operation of the collector, preventing clogging. An increase in the volume of wastewater will require a larger diameter pipe, and inspection shafts can be installed up to 50 m apart from each other.

From well to cesspool and toilet

And here lies the first disagreement, one source says from 5 m., in the other from 15 m to cesspool.

8 m from the toilet is enough.

To the gas pipeline

According to clause 4.9 SP 42-101-2003 “The distance from the gas pipeline to the outer walls of wells and other underground chambers utility networks should be taken at least 0.3 m (clear) subject to compliance with the requirements for laying gas pipelines in cramped conditions in areas where the clear distance from the gas pipeline to wells and chambers of other underground utility networks is less than the standard distance for this communication."

From drinking to sewer

SNiP and technical specifications provide a 50-meter protective zone for the water source, in which the filtering capacity of the earth is sufficient to maintain the purity of the water layer. But the minimum and water shaft is limited to 20 m.

The location of the septic tank in the lower part of the terrain also protects against contamination of the aquifer in the event of an emergency depressurization of the waste disposal site.

When constructing a drinking source and a septic tank on a site, there should be no compromise to reduce the gap between objects.

From the foundation of the house and buildings

This SNiP is not regulated, but it is recommended when constructing a well to take into account the influence of the aquifer on shallow foundation. Water from a source located close to the building can wash away the foundation of the house and damage the strength of the structure.

It is customary to remove the shaft from the building by 5–10 m for ease of water delivery, a room for livestock and poultry - at least 20 m, a bathhouse - from 12 m.

To the road

Highways and areas with heavy traffic are required to place the source no closer than 30 m.

Penalties for violating regulations

The owner of the site, depending on the damage caused to nature that led to infection groundwater may be punished:

• fined 80 thousand rubles;
• subject to correctional labor for up to 2 years;
• in case of consequences affecting people's health - imprisonment for up to 3 months.

In case of violation of operation treatment facilities that led to contamination of the aquifer with subsequent harm to human health, the perpetrator will be punished:

• in the form of a fine in the amount of 200 thousand rubles;
• inflicted harm to health requiring long-term rehabilitation - the term of imprisonment will be 2 years.

In order not to harm nature, family and neighbors, and to protect yourself from punishment, when developing a site, you must follow the rules for placing objects.

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