We bring to your attention 10 amazing magic experiments, or science shows, that you can do with your own hands at home.
Whether it's your child's birthday party, the weekend or the holidays, have a good time and become the center of attention of many eyes! 🙂

An experienced organizer of scientific shows helped us in preparing this post - Professor Nicolas. He explained the principles that are inherent in this or that focus.

1 - Lava lamp

1. Surely many of you have seen a lamp with a liquid inside that imitates hot lava. Looks magical.

2. Water is poured into sunflower oil and food coloring (red or blue) is added.

3. After this, add effervescent aspirin to the vessel and observe an amazing effect.

4. During the reaction, the colored water rises and falls through the oil without mixing with it. And if you turn off the light and turn on the flashlight, the “real magic” will begin.

: “Water and oil have different densities, and they also have the property of not mixing, no matter how much we shake the bottle. When we add effervescent tablets inside the bottle, they dissolve in water and begin to release carbon dioxide and set the liquid in motion.”

Do you want to put on a real science show? More experiments can be found in the book.

2 - Soda experience

5. Surely there are several cans of soda at home or in a nearby store for the holiday. Before you drink them, ask the kids a question: “What happens if you immerse soda cans in water?”
Will they drown? Will they float? Depends on the soda.
Invite the children to guess in advance what will happen to a particular jar and conduct an experiment.

6. Take the jars and carefully lower them into the water.

7. It turns out that despite the same volume, they have different weights. This is why some banks sink and others don't.

Professor Nicolas's comment: “All our cans have the same volume, but the mass of each can is different, which means that the density is different. What is density? This is the mass divided by the volume. Since the volume of all cans is the same, the density will be higher for the one whose mass is greater.
Whether a jar will float or sink in a container depends on the ratio of its density to the density of water. If the density of the jar is less, then it will be on the surface, otherwise the jar will sink to the bottom.
But what makes a can of regular cola denser (heavier) than a can of diet drink?
It's all about the sugar! Unlike regular cola, where granulated sugar is used as a sweetener, a special sweetener is added to diet cola, which weighs much less. So how much sugar is in a regular can of soda? The difference in mass between regular soda and its diet counterpart will give us the answer!”

3 - Paper cover

Ask those present: “What happens if you turn a glass of water over?” Of course it will pour out! What if you press the paper against the glass and turn it over? Will the paper fall and water will still spill on the floor? Let's check.

10. Carefully cut out the paper.

11. Place on top of the glass.

12. And carefully turn the glass over. The paper stuck to the glass as if magnetized, and the water did not spill out. Miracles!

Professor Nicolas's comment: “Although this is not so obvious, in fact we are in a real ocean, only in this ocean there is not water, but air, which presses on all objects, including you and me, we are just so used to it to this pressure that we don’t notice it at all. When we cover a glass of water with a piece of paper and turn it over, water presses on the sheet on one side, and air on the other side (from the very bottom)! The air pressure turned out to be greater than the water pressure in the glass, so the leaf does not fall.”

4 - Soap Volcano

How to make a small volcano erupt at home?

14. You will need baking soda, vinegar, some dishwashing chemicals and cardboard.

16. Dilute vinegar in water, add washing liquid and tint everything with iodine.

17. We wrap everything in dark cardboard - this will be the “body” of the volcano. A pinch of soda falls into the glass and the volcano begins to erupt.

Professor Nicolas's comment: “As a result of the interaction of vinegar with soda, a real chemical reaction with the release of carbon dioxide. And liquid soap and dye, interacting with carbon dioxide, form a colored soap suds- here comes the eruption.”

5 - Spark plug pump

Can a candle change the laws of gravity and lift water up?

19. Place the candle on the saucer and light it.

20. Pour colored water onto a saucer.

21. Cover the candle with a glass. After some time, the water will be drawn inside the glass, contrary to the laws of gravity.

Professor Nicolas's comment: “What does the pump do? Changes the pressure: increases (then water or air begins to “escape”) or, conversely, decreases (then gas or liquid begins to “arrive”). When we covered the burning candle with a glass, the candle went out, the air inside the glass cooled, and therefore the pressure decreased, so the water from the bowl began to be sucked in.”

Games and experiments with water and fire are in the book "Professor Nicolas' Experiments".

6 - Water in a sieve

We continue to study the magical properties of water and surrounding objects. Ask someone present to pull the bandage and pour water through it. As we can see, it passes through the holes in the bandage without any difficulty.
Bet with those around you that you can make sure that water does not pass through the bandage without any additional techniques.

Professor Nicolas's comment: “Thanks to this property of water, surface tension, water molecules want to be together all the time and are not so easy to separate (they are such wonderful girlfriends!). And if the size of the holes is small (as in our case), then the film does not tear even under the weight of water!”

7 - Diving bell

And to secure the honorary title of Water Mage and Lord of the Elements for you, promise that you can deliver paper to the bottom of any ocean (or bathtub or even basin) without getting it wet.

26. Fold the piece of paper and put it in the glass so that it rests against its walls and does not slide down. We immerse the leaf in an inverted glass to the bottom of the tank.

27. The paper remains dry - water cannot reach it! After you pull out the leaf, let the audience make sure that it is really dry.

Professor Nicolas's comment: “If you take a glass with a piece of paper inside and look at it carefully, it seems that there is nothing but paper, but this is not so, there is air in it.
When we turn the glass upside down and lower it into water, the air prevents the water from getting to the paper, which is why it remains dry.

A small child is not only a perpetual motion machine and a jumper, but also a brilliant inventor and an endless why. Although children's curiosity gives parents a lot of worries, it is in itself very useful - after all, it is the key to the development of the baby. Learning something new is useful not only in the form of lessons, but also in the form of games or experiments. That's what we'll talk about today. Simple physical and chemical experiments do not require special knowledge, special training or expensive materials. They can be held in the kitchen to surprise, entertain the child, open up the whole world to him or simply lift his spirits. The child can prepare and perform almost any experiment independently in your presence. However, in some of the experiments, it is better to make mom or dad the main character.

Explosion of color in milk

What could be more surprising than the transformation of a familiar thing into an unusual one, when white milk, familiar to everyone, becomes multi-colored?

You will need: whole milk (required!), food coloring of different colors, any liquid detergent, cotton swabs, a plate.
Work plan:

1. Pour milk into a plate.
2. Add a few drops of each dye to it. Try to do this carefully so as not to move the plate itself.
3. Take a cotton swab, dip it in the product and touch it to the very center of the plate of milk.
4. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix. A real explosion of color in a plate!

Explanation of the experiment: Milk is made up of molecules different types: fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. When detergent is added to milk, several processes occur simultaneously. First, the detergent reduces surface tension, allowing food coloring to move freely across the entire surface of the milk. But the most important thing is that the detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for this experiment.

Growing crystals

Everyone knows this experience from childhood - obtaining crystals from salt water. You can, of course, do this with a solution copper sulfate, But children's version- plain table salt.


The essence of the experiment is simple - we lower a colored thread into a salty solution (18 tablespoons of salt per half liter of water) and wait for crystals to grow on it. It will be very interesting. Especially if you take woolen thread or replace it with intricate bristle wire.

Potato becomes a submarine

Has your child already learned to peel and cut potatoes? Will you no longer surprise him with this gray-brown tuber? Of course you will surprise! You need to turn a potato into a submarine!
For this we need one potato tuber, a liter jar and table salt. Pour half a can of water and lower the potatoes. She will drown. Add saturated salt solution to the jar. The potatoes will float. If you want it to be immersed in water again, just add water to the jar. Why not a submarine?
Solution: Potatoes are drowning because... it is heavier than water. Compared to a salt solution, it is lighter, which is why it floats to the surface.

Lemon battery

It’s good to do this experiment with dad so that he can explain in more detail where the electricity in a lemon comes from?

We will need:

• Lemon, thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
• Two pieces of insulated copper wire approximately 0.2-0.5 mm thick and 10 cm long.
• Steel paper clip.
• A light bulb from a flashlight.

Conducting the experiment: First of all, we strip the opposite ends of both wires at a distance of 2-3 cm. Insert a paper clip into the lemon and screw the end of one of the wires to it. We stick the end of the second wire into the lemon 1-1.5 cm from the paperclip. To do this, first pierce the lemon in this place with a needle. Take the two free ends of the wires and attach them to the contacts of the light bulb.
What happened? The light came on!

Glass of laughter

Do you urgently need to finish cooking the soup, but your child is hanging on his feet and dragging him to the nursery? This experience will keep him distracted for a few minutes!
We only need a glass with thin, even walls, filled to the top with water.
Conducting the experiment: take the glass in your hand and bring it to your eyes. Look through it at the fingers of the other hand. What happened?
In the glass you will see very long and thin fingers without brush. Turn your fingers upward, and they will turn into funny short people. Move the glass away from your eyes, and the whole hand will appear in the glass, but small and to the side, as if you had moved your hand.
Look at each other through a glass with your child - and there is no need to go to the laughter room.

Water flows up the napkin

This is a very beautiful experience ideal for girls. We need to take a napkin, cut out a strip, and draw lines of different colors with dots. Then we lower the napkin into a glass with a small amount of water and watch in admiration as the water rises and the dotted lines turn into solid ones.

Miracle rocket from a tea bag

This elementary focus experience is simply a “bomb” for any child. If you are already tired of looking for brilliant entertainment for children, this is what you need!


Carefully open the regular tea bag, place it vertically and set it on fire. The bag will burn to the end, fly high into the air and circle above you. This simple experiment usually causes a storm of delight among both adults and children. And the reason for this phenomenon is the same that makes sparks fly off from a fire. During combustion, a flow of warm air is created, which pushes the ash upward. If you set fire to and extinguish the bag gradually, there will be no flight. By the way, the bag will not always take off if the air temperature in the room is high enough.

Live fish

Another simple experience that can pleasantly surprise not only children, but also friends.
Cut out a fish from thick paper. In the middle of the fish round hole A, which is connected to the tail by a narrow channel AB.

Pour water into a basin and place the fish on the water so that the bottom side is completely wet and the top side remains completely dry. It’s convenient to do this with a fork: placing the fish on the fork, carefully lower it into the water, push the fork deeper and pull it out.
Now you need to drop a large drop of oil into hole A. It is best to use a bicycle oiler for this or sewing machine. If you don’t have an oil can, you can put machine or vegetable oil into a pipette or cocktail tube: lower one end of the tube into the oil 2-3 mm. Then cover the upper end with your finger and transfer the straw to the fish. Keeping the bottom end exactly above the hole, release your finger. The oil will flow directly into the hole.
Trying to spread over the surface of the water, the oil will flow through channel AB. The fish will not allow it to spread in other directions. What do you think the fish will do under the influence of the oil flowing back? It’s clear: she will swim forward!

Water spell trick

Every child believes that his mother is a sorceress! And in order to prolong this fairy tale longer, you sometimes need to reinforce your magical nature with real “magics”.
Take a jar with a tight-fitting lid. Paint the inside of the lid with red watercolor paint. Pour water into the jar and screw the lid on. During the demonstration, do not turn the can towards small spectators so that it is visible inner side covers. Say the spell loudly: “Just like in the fairy tale, make the water red.” With these words, shake the jar of water. The water will wash away the watercolor layer of paint and turn red.

Density Tower

This experiment is suitable for older children or attentive, diligent children.
In this experiment, objects will hang in the thickness of the liquid.
We will need:

• tall narrow glass vessel, for example, an empty, clean half-liter jar of canned olives or mushrooms
• 1/4 cup (65 ml) corn syrup or honey
• food coloring of any color
• 1/4 cup tap water
• 1/4 cup vegetable oil
• 1/4 cup rubbing alcohol
• various small objects, for example, a cork, a grape, a nut, a piece of dry pasta, a rubber ball, a cherry tomato, a small plastic toy, a metal screw

Preparation:

• Carefully pour honey into the vessel so that it takes up 1/4 of the volume.
• Dissolve a few drops of food coloring in water. Fill the vessel halfway with water. Please note: when adding each liquid, pour it very carefully so that it does not mix with the bottom layer.
• Slowly pour the same amount of vegetable oil into the vessel.
• Fill the vessel to the top with alcohol.

Let's begin the scientific magic:

• Announce to the audience that you are now going to make different objects float. They may tell you that it is easy. Then explain to them that you will make different objects float in liquids at different levels.
• Carefully place small items into the container one at a time.
• Let the audience see for themselves what happened.

Result: different objects will float in the liquid at different levels. Some will “hang” right in the middle of the vessel.
Explanation: This trick is based on the ability various substances sink or float depending on their density. Substances with lower densities float on the surface of denser substances.
The alcohol remains on the surface of the vegetable oil because the density of alcohol is less than the density of oil. Vegetable oil remains on the surface of the water because the density of oil is less than the density of water. In turn, water is a substance less dense than honey or corn syrup, so it remains on the surface of these liquids. When you put objects into a vessel, they float or sink depending on their density and the density of the layers of liquid. The screw has a higher density than any of the liquids in the vessel, so it will fall to the very bottom. The density of pasta is higher than the density of alcohol, vegetable oil and water, but lower than the density of honey, so it will float on the surface of the honey layer. The rubber ball has the lowest density, lower than that of any liquid, so it will float on the surface of the topmost, alcohol, layer.

Grape submarine

Another trick for lovers of sea adventures!


Take a glass of fresh sparkling water or lemonade and drop a grape into it. It is slightly heavier than water and will sink to the bottom. But gas bubbles, like small balloons, will immediately begin to land on it. Soon there will be so many of them that the grape will float up. But on the surface the bubbles will burst and the gas will fly away. The heavy grape will sink to the bottom again. Here it will again become covered with gas bubbles and float up again. This will continue several times until the water runs out. This principle is how a real boat floats up and rises. And fish have a swim bladder. When she needs to submerge, the muscles contract, squeezing the bubble. Its volume decreases, the fish goes down. But you need to get up - the muscles relax, the bubble dissolves. It increases and the fish floats up.

Lotus flowers

Another experiment from the “for girls” series.
Cut out flowers with long petals from colored paper. Using a pencil, curl the petals towards the center. Now lower the multi-colored lotuses into the water poured into the basin. Literally before your eyes, flower petals will begin to bloom. This happens because the paper gets wet, gradually becomes heavier and the petals open.

Where did the ink go?

You can add the following trick to your magic mother’s piggy bank.
Add ink or ink to a bottle of water until the solution is pale blue. Place a crushed tablet there. activated carbon. Close the neck with your finger and shake the mixture. It will brighten before your eyes. The fact is that coal absorbs dye molecules on its surface and it is no longer visible.

"Stop, hands up!"

And this experience is again for the boys - explosive and playful fidgets!
Take a small plastic jar for medicine, vitamins, etc. Pour some water into it, put any effervescent tablet and close it with a lid (non-screw).
Place it on the table, turning it upside down, and wait. The gas released during the chemical reaction of the tablet and water will push the bottle out, a “rumble” will be heard and the bottle will be thrown up.

Secret letter

Each of us has dreamed of becoming a detective or secret agent at least once in our lives. It's so exciting to solve riddles, look for traces and see the invisible.


Let the child make a drawing or inscription on a blank sheet of white paper using milk, lemon juice or table vinegar. Then heat a sheet of paper (preferably over a device without an open flame) and you will see how the invisible turns into visible. The improvised ink will boil, the letters will darken, and the secret letter can be read.

Running toothpicks

If there is nothing to do in the kitchen, and the only toys available are toothpicks, then we can easily put them to use!

To conduct the experiment you will need: a bowl of water, 8 wooden toothpicks, a pipette, a piece of refined sugar (not instant), dishwashing liquid.
1. Place toothpicks in rays in a bowl of water.
2. Carefully lower a piece of sugar into the center of the bowl; the toothpicks will begin to gather towards the center.
3. Remove the sugar with a teaspoon and drop a few drops of dishwashing liquid into the center of the bowl with a pipette - the toothpicks will “scatter”!
What's going on? The sugar absorbs the water, creating a movement that moves the toothpicks towards the center. The soap, spreading over the water, carries along the water particles, and they cause the toothpicks to scatter. Explain to the children that you showed them a magic trick, and all magic tricks are based on certain natural physical phenomena that they will study at school.

Vanishing coin

And this trick can be taught to any child over 5 years old, let him show it to his friends!
Props:

• glass jar with 1 liter capacity lid
• tap water
• coin
• assistant

Preparation:

• Pour water into the jar and close the lid.
• Give your assistant a coin so that he can make sure that it is really an ordinary coin and there is no trick in it.
• Have him place the coin on the table. Ask him: “Do you see the coin?” (Of course he will answer yes.)
• Place a jar of water on the coin.
• Say magic words, for example: “Here is a magic coin, here it was, but here it is not.”
• Have your assistant look through the water on the side of the jar and say, can he see the coin now? What will he answer?

Tips for a learned wizard:
You can make this trick even more effective. After your assistant fails to see the coin, you can make it appear again. Say other magic words, for example: “As the coin fell through, so it appeared.” Now remove the jar and the coin will be back in place.
Result: When you place a jar of water on a coin, the coin appears to disappear. Your assistant won't see it.

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Master Class

“Fun scientific experiments for children and adults” (extracurricular activities for experimental activities)

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard“considerable attention should be paid to design research activities. Research project activities of junior schoolchildren can be focused on organizing independent research

For the study of flora and fauna;

Minerals and rocks;

Conducting phenological observations;

Study of the properties of the surrounding nature, substances and materials.

Research activities develop the ability to work with various sources of information, instruments, and laboratory equipment. A group form of work has been chosen, which contributes to the formation of such communication skills as the ability to distribute responsibilities in a group, argue one’s point of view, and participate in discussion.

The goal of my work is to develop educational and cognitive activity in elementary school students and the ability to see and understand the world through scientific experience. practical activities.

Expected results:

1. Younger schoolchildren, in the process of research activities, will be able to master knowledge with interest through the experience of practical experiments and studying properties various items.

2. The ability to conduct research in the form of simple experiments and use various information will help you move painlessly to senior education.

3. Conducting experimental activities will help children form a correct scientific picture of the world.

And further: In research activities, we should focus not on the result, but on the process of activity. The main thing is to arouse the child’s interest, awaken a desire to learn the unusual and unexplored, involve him in an atmosphere of activity, and then the result will be ensured.

Of particular importance for the development of a student’s personality is his assimilation of ideas about the relationship between nature and man. Mastering the methods of practical interaction with the environment ensures the formation of the child’s worldview, his personal growth. A significant role in this direction is played by the search and cognitive activity of schoolchildren, taking place in the form of experimental actions. In their process, children transform objects in order to reveal their hidden significant connections with natural phenomena. IN school age such testing actions change significantly and turn into complex forms of search activity (N.E. Veraksa, N.N. Poddyakov, L.A. Paramonova).

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Preview:

How does a ball get into a 3L jar or dinner party?

Experience shows how warm air When cooled, it tends to decrease in volume and thus draws the ball into the jar.

The essence of the experience:

Material: balloon, water, glass jar, kettle with hot water

Experiment stages:

• Pour enough water into the balloon so that the balloon cannot penetrate the neck of a three-liter jar.
• Boil water in a kettle.
• Let's pour hot water in a three-liter jar.
• After the walls of the jar have warmed up, pour the water out of the jar.
• Place a ball of water on the neck of the jar.
• We watch how the ball itself penetrates the jar.

What can I say? Experience demonstrates the relationship between gas volume, pressure and temperature. Details are below.

Hot water, once in the jar, heats the glass walls of the vessel. When the water is poured out, the glass begins to cool, giving off heat to the air inside the jar. That is, the air heats up. This means that the molecules move faster and the distance between them increases.

By placing the ball on the neck of the jar, we thereby block the entrance and exit of molecules and create a constant volume inside the container. But we remember that the air is heated, the distance between the molecules is greater than under normal conditions, and, therefore, their number per unit volume is less.

There are two options for the development of events here. As the temperature decreases, the volume at constant pressure may decrease. Or the pressure decreases at a constant volume.

If we close such a jar with a metal lid, then this will be the second option. And when we open a can that has already cooled down, we will hear a click - this is the pressure difference. In this way, jars for various edible preparations are sterilized.

In our case, the “lid” is not rigid, and therefore is pulled into the jar. This way the pressure remains constant and the ball ends up in the jar.

Nimble Egg

The experiment illustrates how you can use fire to push an egg into a bottle and get it back out without damaging the egg.

The essence of the experience: To push the egg into the bottle, you need to reduce the pressure inside it. Due to the combustion of oxygen in the bottle, the pressure decreased, but the pressure outside remained the same. Therefore, the pressure from above pressed the egg inside. To get an egg out of a bottle, you need to reduce the pressure outside it. This is very convenient to do if you place the neck of the bottle in a larger vessel, in which you lower the pressure with the same fire. The egg was not affected by the difference in pressure and is quite edible.

Material: bottle, three-liter jar, boiled egg, plasticine, gas lighter, paper boat and airplane

Experiment stages:

• Peel the boiled egg.
• Set fire to a paper boat.
• We throw the boat into the bottle.
• Cover the neck of the bottle with the egg. Egg inside.
• Take a three-liter jar.
• We seal the neck with plasticine to seal it.
• Set fire to a paper airplane.
• We throw the airplane into the jar.
• Cover the jar with a bottle of egg, neck down.
• The egg ends up in a jar.

So, in order to remove an egg from a bottle, you must first place it there.

This experiment has been carried out many times, and the Internet is teeming with publications about it. We set fire to the paper, throw it into the bottle, put a boiled, peeled egg in the neck, and it is sucked up.

But when it comes to explaining the processes by which this happens, opinions differ. There is an assumption that oxygen burns, the air becomes rarefied (or even a vacuum), and the egg slides down due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the bottle. Another approach explains the pressure difference due to temperature changes. Those. when the paper burns, the air heats up, and, therefore, its density in the container becomes less. When the egg restricts the flow of air into the bottle and combustion stops, the air begins to cool, the temperature drops, and with it the pressure drops.

Let's return to the first assumption about burned oxygen and vacuum. Of course this is true. It actually enters into a chemical reaction, the result of which is always CO 2 + H 2 O . Nothing goes away, the chemical composition of the gas just changes. Accordingly, there cannot be a vacuum.

Logic and ingenuity come to the rescue. It is necessary to reverse the conditions in which the egg is located. Those. let's turn the bottle upside down and create a lower pressure outside it. Setting the room on fire and abruptly cooling it is not an option. You can, of course, climb high into the mountains, where the pressure is low, taking a corked bottle with you, and open it there. But this is also not an easy method. You just need to limit the space not to a room, but to a slightly smaller volume. For example, a jar, the size of which is larger than a bottle, and from which it will then be possible to remove the egg without damaging it. In this case, plasticine will ensure tightness. We repeat all steps in the same sequence, and the egg is free.

Water Tamer or Atmospheric Pressure

Experience shows thatode does not pour out of the flask due to the force arising from the difference atmospheric pressure outside the vessel and the pressure that forms inside between the bottom and the surface of the water.

The essence of experience : Water does not pour out of the flask due to the force arising from the difference in atmospheric pressure outside the vessel and the pressure that forms inside between the bottom and the surface of the water. That is, when a column of water tries to go down, a medium with low blood pressure, which holds the liquid.

Material: containers with water, acrylic paints, sheets of paper

Experiment stages:

• Pour water into the vessels.
• For beauty we add acrylic paints in water.
• Place a sheet of paper on top of each vessel.
• Holding the sheet of paper with your hand, turn the vessels over.

Atmospheric pressure is the air pressure on the earth's surface and on all objects in the atmosphere, created by the gravitational attraction of the Earth. It spreads in all directions with equal force. That is, up too.

If you tilt a glass filled with water, water will begin to pour out of it, because gravity acts on it, and nothing prevents the liquid from rushing down.

To prevent water from spilling out of the vessel, you can go in several ways. Cover with a tight lid, freeze, do not overturn the glass. Or, finally, just don’t pour it there.

But we are not looking for easy ways.

Let's try to create conditions under which the water in the vesselmaintains precisely atmospheric pressure, despite the force of gravity.

Cover the flask filled with liquid with a paper sheet, press it tightly with your hand, turn it over and hold it in this position for some time. At this time, water wets the surface of the paper, and it “sticks” to the walls of the flask due tosurface tension forces. Then we slowly remove our hand and observe the stated result.

Between the bottom (which is now at the top) and the surface of the water, a space is formed filled with air and water vapor. A column of water tends downward under the influence of gravity, increasing the volume of this very space. At a constant temperature, the pressure in it drops, that is, in relation to atmospheric pressure, it becomes less. And the lower this pressure, the larger column of liquid it can hold. Theoretically, up to 10 m. So, the sum of the air and water pressure on the paper from the inside is slightly less than the atmospheric pressure outside. This is what it is based on.

But this doesn't last forever. After some time, the evaporation of water will increase the air pressure and it will become equal to atmospheric pressure. The strength, ductility and wettability of paper, water temperature, and the curvature of the surface of the vessel also affect the tear-off speed.

Paper flowers on the water

Experience demonstrates how paper flowers bloom when they fall into water, and how a snowflake made from toothpicks can be turned into a star.

The essence of the experience: By bending the paper, we thereby create a break and change its thickness at the bend. The paper does not have sufficient elasticity to return to its original state. But when it gets into water, the hydrogen bonds between the molecules weaken, and it, absorbing the liquid, seems to swell. The deformed area from the fold becomes thicker, and the paper straightens.

Material: filter paper, paper for printer, two markers of different colors, scissors, toothpicks, pipette, aquarium or saucers with water

Experiment stages:

• Cut out daisies from printer paper and color the centers yellow.
• Cut out daisies from filter paper and color the centers blue.
• We fold the daisy petals towards the middle.
• Place the closed flowers on the water. Watching the daisies bloom.
• We break five toothpicks in half, but not completely.
• We fold the toothpicks with their broken ends towards each other, we get an impromptu snowflake.
• Drop water into the center of the snowflake. We watch how a snowflake turns into a star.

Let's talk about flowers. Paper ones.

Why would they “bloom” on the water? To answer this question, let us turn to the composition, manufacturing method and properties of paper.

To make paper, mainly plant substances are used, which have long fibers and are insoluble in water. Basically, it is cellulose contained in wood. It has the property of creating a homogeneous plastic mass when mixed with water.

Cellulose fibers are ground to a size of 1-2 mm, mixed with various additives, and diluted with water. Then they are pressed and dried.

The result is a porous-capillary flat material, the fibers of which are interconnected mainly by hydrogen bonds. Due to this, ordinary paper, when soaked in water, loses mechanical strength. And, for example, in non-polar solvents such as kerosene or oil, the strength of the paper will not change.

Filter paper contains minimal impurities and therefore contains more cellulose than regular paper. Therefore, it straightens almost instantly.

What about toothpicks?!

Why be surprised? Wood contains 46-56% cellulose, so by all laws, dry wood, when water gets on it, also swells and becomes more elastic.

So water can destroy, restore, create, delight, sadden... However, just like money.

Balloon and cereal and static electricity

The ball is charged with static electricity when it is rubbed against a woolen surface. After that they are attracted to him cereals.

The essence of the experience: By rubbing a balloon with wool, the balloon acquires a negative charge. If you then present it to light oat flakes, they will begin to be attracted to it even at a distance of several centimeters.

Material: balloon, oatmeal, woolen fabric, plate

Experiment stages:

• Pour oatmeal into a plate.
• Inflate the balloon.
• Three balls on a woolen surface.
• We bring the ball over the cereal.

When you come home after a long hard day and take off your woolen clothes, you can hear a characteristic crackling sound, and if the room is dark enough, you can even see sparks jumping. This phenomenon and what is shown in the video have a common electrical nature.

When the ball is rubbed against wool, a redistribution of electrons occurs in both substances. In this case, the substance that has a greater affinity for electrons, that is, a greater ability to hold electrons, is charged negatively, the other - positively. In our case, the wool is charged positively, the rubber ball is charged negatively. That is, by rubbing the ball, we literally “rip out”, “select” the electrons of the wool.

However, why are small objects, flakes, not having direct contact with the ball and initially not charged either positively or negatively, nevertheless attracted to it? Here it should be said that both the ball and the flakes consist of a dielectric, a material that does not conduct electric current. Dielectrics have the property of polarization - in the external electric field an excess positive or negative charge is formed on their surface or, as they say, “induced,” depending on the field configuration. The ball, as we found out, is negatively charged; it causes a redistribution of charge on the surface of the flakes, as a result of which they turn into electric dipoles, the positively charged “ends” of which face towards the ball. And the dipole flakes are attracted to the ball by their positive properties.

It should be said that our ancestors’ interest in electricity arose precisely in connection with the phenomenon of electrification of bodies by friction. But if humanity has been familiar with static electricity for so long, does it mean that in our computer age they have completely lost interest in it? No. Often, the electrification of bodies and subsequent discharges carry great danger. Microelectronics can easily fail due to a spark, which is why motherboards and processors are always placed in antistatic bags. For the same reason, fuel trucks that are electrified due to continuous friction of tires road surface metal chains are attached to the back, which drag along the ground and serve as grounding.

But at the same time, static electricity can be beneficial. When you need to create a large charge, generators come to the rescue high voltage, for example, the well-known Van der Graaff generator (there is even such a rock band), in which a charge is obtained by rubbing a rubber band against brushes. Such generators are used, for example, in particle accelerators or thermonuclear fusion reactors.

Magnetic dancing

The experiment illustrates how a magnet interacts with iron in its various forms and does not interact with copper.

The essence of experience : As you know, iron is attracted to a magnet, unlike copper. Regardless of the form of iron, be it small sawdust, larger shavings or a simple paper clip, iron is equally well attracted to a magnet.

Material: permanent magnet, iron and copper filings, iron filings, glass test tube, paper clips

Experiment stages:

• Mix copper and iron filings.
• Using a permanent magnet we can easily separate the sawdust mixture.
• Pour iron filings into a glass test tube.
• Invert the test tube onto a sheet of glass.
• We bring a permanent magnet from below.
• We remove the test tube. The pillar of iron filings remains standing on the glass.
• We make little people out of paper clips.
• We put them on a sheet of glass.
• We bring a permanent magnet from the bottom of the glass.
• We twist the magnet under the glass, the little people “dance”.

Preview:

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra

Municipal educational institution

"Average comprehensive school No. 2"

Master Class

"Fun science experiments for children and adults"

Primary school teacher

Stepanova Lyudmila Alexandrovna

Yugorsk, 2014.

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard“Significant attention should be paid to project research activities. Research project activities of junior schoolchildren can be focused on organizing independent research

For the study of flora and fauna;

Minerals and rocks;

Conducting phenological observations;

Study of the properties of the surrounding nature, substances and materials.

Research activities develop the ability to work with various sources of information, instruments, and laboratory equipment. A group form of work has been chosen, which contributes to the formation of such communication skills as the ability to distribute responsibilities in a group, argue one’s point of view, and participate in discussion.

The goal of my work is to develop educational and cognitive activity in elementary school students and the ability to see and understand the world through the experience of scientific and practical activities.

Expected results:

1. In the process of research activities, younger schoolchildren will be able to master knowledge with interest through practical experiments and studying the properties of different objects.
2. The ability to conduct research in the form of simple experiments and use various information will help you move painlessly to senior education.
3. Conducting experimental activities will help children form a correct scientific picture of the world.

And further: In research activities, we should focus not on the result, but on the process of activity. The main thing is to arouse the child’s interest, awaken a desire to learn the unusual and unexplored, involve him in an atmosphere of activity, and then the result will be ensured.

Of particular importance for the development of a student’s personality is his assimilation of ideas about the relationship between nature and man. Mastering the methods of practical interaction with the environment ensures the formation of a child’s worldview and his personal growth. A significant role in this direction is played by the search and cognitive activity of schoolchildren, taking place in the form of experimental actions. In their process, children transform objects in order to reveal their hidden significant connections with natural phenomena. At school age, such testing actions change significantly and turn into complex shapes search activity (N.E. Veraksa, N.N. Poddyakov, L.A. Paramonova).

Good afternoon, dear guests.

There are many interesting things in the world that we still have to learn about. Lots of mysteries to solve. But it may be that our little researchers can become these discoverers.

We begin our little lesson with the words of the famous hero from the fairy tale “Cinderella”:

"I'm not a magician, I'm just learning". ( Slide 4)

So the magic begins:

1. Wishes.

When you go to a lesson, we always set a goal for what we want to learn. A goal is the desire to learn something or achieve something.

This activity is unusual. And we will formulate an unusual goal. In this goal - wish, you will write the answer to the question: what do you expect from the lesson? What should it be like? (exciting, interesting, instructive, useful, etc.).

You have a solution on your tables. Take cotton swabs and write your wish for this lesson, preferably in one word and so that it fits on an A4 sheet.

Now dip cotton swabs into the iodine solution that is on your tables, run the swab 3-4 times over your inscriptions.

(They read the wishes, the teacher, together with the children, hangs the wishes on the board)

We will all try together to make all your wishes come true.

Now, please tell me, why did colorless inscriptions appear on these sheets?(A chemical reaction occurred between the starch and the iodine solution.)

You and I are already on the threshold of the country “Chemiphysics” (slide 5)

We invite you, dear adults, to visit a magical land with us and become real magicians.

Student: Lyudmila A., but not everyone is allowed there!

Yes, we forgot the most important thing - to repeat the rules of this country: (slide 7)

1. Listen carefully to the teacher’s instructions!

2. Glass and plastic utensils and cutlery should be used carefully.

3. Never place them on the edge of the desk.

4. Stir the liquid with a stick carefully, without touching the walls of the glass.

5. Upon completion of work, all equipment must be placed in its designated places, and the workplace must be put in order.

6. Perform experiments ONLY TOGETHER WITH ADULTS!!!

So, let's continue our magic.

Demonstration of experiments

1. How a ball gets into a 3L jar or dinner party (slide 8)

You can't eat balloons. However, there is one item that happily absorbs them. This is normal Glass bottle. Let's give the bottle a dinner party. And this will help us...

Student:

This experience, like all others, must be done only with the help of adults!!!

- We poured hot water into a jar before class to heat it up.

L.A. I just poured out the water, and now I’ll cover it with a ball filled with water.

Notice what's about to happen.

While our gluttonous jar is enjoying a delicious lunch, we will show you one more magic.

1. Cinderella or the magic ball (slide 9)

- And Evelina Ya will help us with this.

Let's remember the fairy tale about Cinderella. While we were preparing dinner, Cinderella spilled pepper and salt in the kitchen. She has to separate it all. How can this be done before the evil stepmother and her daughters arrive?

Perhaps our guests will help us? ...

Student:

We will need an ordinary inflated balloon.

(demonstrates and performs together with participants)

Rub the ball on something woolen and bring it to a saucer. Look what happened: all the pepper, as if by magic, will end up on the ball. Cinderella is saved!

In the same way, you can collect oatmeal, make a “beautiful” hairstyle, be the ruler of cotton clouds, make paper men dance, control a stream of water, etc.)

Conclusion: The ball becomes negatively charged from friction with the wool, and the peppercorns acquire a positive charge and are attracted to the ball. But in salt, electrons move poorly, so it remains neutral, does not acquire a charge from the ball, and therefore does not stick to it!

Static tension helps us with this.

Continuation of experiment 1 “How a ball penetrates a 3 liter jar or a dinner party (slide 8)

Maybe one of you will tell us the secret? ....

Look, the ball is pulled so tightly into the jar that it is impossible to tear it off. How do we open the jar? ...(scientist demonstrates)

Conclusion: It's all physics. Experience shows how warm air, when cooled, tends to decrease in volume and thus draws the ball into the jar. When the particles find the smallest point of penetration into the jar, they rush into it and open the lid with their pressure.

- We encounter this phenomenon when closing the lids during pickling and canning.

1. Nimble Egg

There are animals that can get into the narrowest crack. They are able to control their body to squeeze through even small space. It turns out that not only animals, but an ordinary chicken egg are endowed with this ability.

Student:

The dinner party continues. For this experiment we will need: a peeled hard-boiled egg, a glass bottle with a narrow neck, paper, matches or a lighter.

L.A. I threw a match into the bottle, and I closed the neck with an egg.

Look closely at what is about to happen.

Now we will take the egg out of the bottle.

Maybe, dear guests, you can explain this experience and be able to tell me how to get the egg back out.

Conclusion: Due to the combustion of oxygen in the bottle, the pressure decreased, but the pressure outside remained the same. Therefore, the pressure from above pressed the egg inside. To get an egg out of a bottle, you need to reduce the pressure outside it. This is very convenient to do if you place the neck of the bottle in a larger vessel, in which you lower the pressure with the same fire. The egg was not affected by the difference in pressure and is quite edible.

1. Water tamer or atmospheric pressure (slide 12)

Water is the most amazing substance on earth. How much is explainable and at the same time inexplicable hidden in this unique substance.

Student:

And now I will become a water tamer. I have magic hands.

I take a container with colored water and put a sheet of paper on it. Now I’ll turn the container over. Tell me please, what will happen?

Now watch carefully as I perform the experiment. After the show, try it with us. Please note that this magic does not last long due to certain phenomena. After a while, you need to turn the container over again, otherwise the water will try to pour out of it.

Well done. And you became water tamers. What happened?

Conclusion : (pay attention to the slide) - experience shows that inThe water does not pour out of the container due to the force arising from the difference in atmospheric pressure outside the container and the pressure that forms inside between the bottom and the surface of the water.

1. Snowflake stars

And now we invite you to do another experiment with us.

To do this, we will need 5 toothpicks, which you break carefully so as not to break them.Place the toothpicks with their broken ends facing each other to create an impromptu snowflake. Drop water into the center of the snowflake and observe.

1. Paper flowers on the water

And now, my assistant and I will give you pieces of small folded paper. And during the next experiment, you will see what is hidden in it.

There are saucers of water on your desks. Carefully place your pieces of paper into the water and you will see what is hidden in them.

Student:

- By bending the paper, we thereby create a break and change its thickness at the bend. The paper does not have sufficient elasticity to return to its original state. But when it gets into water, the hydrogen bonds between the molecules weaken, and it, absorbing the liquid, seems to swell. The deformed area from the fold becomes thicker, and the paper straightens.

Dear guests, this is the end of our unusual activity. Look at your wishes and please tell me: have we achieved our goal?

Guys, I invite you to the table.

We want to end our lesson with the same words:I'm not a magician, I'm just learning! Slide 1

Stepanova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna, primary school teacher, municipal budgetary educational institution “Secondary school No. 2”, Yugorsk Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra Fun scientific experiments for children and adults physics and chemistry master class

The purpose of the research activity is to develop the ability of younger schoolchildren to learn the world through the experience of scientific and practical activities. Expected results: In the process of research activities, primary schoolchildren will learn to conduct simple practical experiments to study the properties of various objects; - use various information to substantiate observations; understand the picture of the world and draw simple conclusions based on science. The main thing is to arouse the child’s interest, awaken a desire to learn the unusual and unexplored, involve him in an atmosphere of activity, and then the result will be ensured.

In research activities, we should focus not on the result, but on the process of activity. The main thing is to arouse the child’s interest, awaken a desire to learn the unusual and unexplored, involve him in an atmosphere of activity, and then the result will be ensured.

Glossary Chemistry is the science of substances, their properties, structure and transformations. Physics is the science of matter (in the form of matter and fields) and the most general form of its movement, as well as the interactions of nature that control the movement of matter.

I'm not a magician, I'm just learning

CHEMISTRY

1. Listen carefully to the teacher’s instructions! 2. Glass and plastic dishes and cutlery must be used carefully. 3. Never place them on the edge of the desk. 4. Stir the liquid with a stick carefully, without touching the walls of the glass. 5. Upon completion of work, all equipment must be placed in its designated places, and the workplace must be put in order. 6. Perform experiments ONLY TOGETHER WITH ADULTS!!!

How does a ball get into a 3L jar or dinner party?

Cinderella or the magic ball

Water Tamer or Atmospheric Pressure

Maybe he will grow up to be a scientist, Or maybe he will become a football player... The main thing is that he is passionate, that his heart is kind and pure...

QUESTIONS 1. WHAT COLOR IS THE WATER? 2. WHAT COLOR IS THE MILK? 3. NAME THE TRANSPARENT SUBSTANCES. 4. WHY IS IT DARK AT THE BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN? 5. IS WATER ALWAYS TRANSPARENT? 1. HOW TO MEASURE WATER TEMPERATURE? 2. WHAT HAPPENS TO WATER WHEN HEATED? 3. WHAT HAPPENS TO IT WHEN COOLING? 4. HOW DOES THE THERMOMETER WORK? 5. WHAT IS THE FEATURE OF A MEDICAL THERMOMETER?

Who didn't believe in miracles as a child? To have a fun and educational time with your baby, you can try experiments in entertaining chemistry. They are safe, interesting and educational. These experiments will answer many children's “whys” and awaken interest in science and knowledge of the world around us. And today I want to tell you what experiments parents can organize for children at home.

Pharaoh's snake

This experience is based on increasing the volume of mixed reagents. During the burning process, they transform and, wriggling, resemble a snake. The experiment got its name from a biblical miracle when Moses, who came to Pharaoh with a request, turned his rod into a snake.

For the experiment you will need the following ingredients:

• ordinary sand;
• ethanol;
• crushed sugar;
• baking soda.

We soak the sand in alcohol, then form a small hill out of it and make a depression at the top. After this, mix a small spoon of powdered sugar and a pinch of soda, then pour everything into an improvised “crater”. We set fire to our volcano, the alcohol in the sand begins to burn out, and black balls form. They are a product of the decomposition of soda and caramelized sugar.

After all the alcohol has burned out, the pile of sand will turn black and a wriggling “black pharaoh’s snake” will form. This experiment looks more impressive with the use of real reagents and strong acids, which can only be used in a chemical laboratory.

You can do it a little easier and buy a calcium gluconate tablet at the pharmacy. Set it on fire at home, the effect will be almost the same, only the “snake” will quickly collapse.

Magic lamp

In stores you can often see lamps, inside of which a beautiful illuminated liquid moves and shimmers. Such lamps were invented in the early 60s. They work on the basis of paraffin and oil. At the bottom of the device there is a built-in conventional incandescent lamp, which heats the descending molten wax. Part of it reaches the top and falls, the other part heats up and rises, so we see a kind of “dance” of paraffin inside the container.

In order to carry out a similar experience at home with a child, we will need:

• any juice;
• vegetable oil;
• effervescent tablets;
• beautiful container.

Take a container and fill it more than halfway with juice. Add vegetable oil on top and throw in an effervescent tablet. It begins to “work”, the bubbles rising from the bottom of the glass capture the juice and form a beautiful bubbling in the oil layer. Then the bubbles reaching the edge of the glass burst and the juice falls down. It turns out to be a kind of “circulation” of juice in a glass. Such magic lamps are absolutely harmless, unlike paraffin lamps, which a child can accidentally break and get burned.

Ball and orange: experience for kids

What will happen to a balloon if you drop orange or lemon juice on it? It will burst as soon as the citrus droplets touch it. And you can then eat the orange with your baby. It's very entertaining and fun. For the experiment we will need a couple of balloons and citrus. We inflate them and let the baby drip some fruit juice onto each one and see what happens.

Why does the balloon burst? It's all about a special chemical - limonene. It is found in citrus fruits and is often used in the cosmetics industry. When the juice comes into contact with the rubber of the balloon, a reaction occurs, limonene dissolves the rubber and the balloon bursts.

Sweet glass

You can make amazing things from caramelized sugar. In the early days of cinema, edible sweet glass was used in most fight scenes. This is because it is less traumatic for actors during filming and is inexpensive. Its fragments can then be collected, melted and made into film props.

Many people made sugar cockerels or fudge in childhood; glass should be made according to the same principle. Pour water into the pan, heat it up a little, the water should not be cold. After this, add granulated sugar and bring to a boil. When the liquid boils, cook until the mixture gradually begins to thicken and bubbles strongly. The melted sugar in the container should turn into viscous caramel, which, if lowered into cold water, will turn into glass.

Pour the prepared liquid onto a previously prepared baking sheet greased with vegetable oil, cool and the sweet glass is ready.

During the cooking process, you can add dye to it and cast it into some interesting shape, and then treat and surprise everyone around you.

Philosophical nail

This entertaining experiment is based on the principle of copper plating of iron. Named by analogy with a substance that, according to legend, could turn everything into gold, and was called the philosopher's stone. To conduct the experiment we will need:

• iron nail;
• a quarter of a glass of acetic acid;
• table salt;
• soda;
• a piece of copper wire;
• glass container.

Take a glass jar and pour acid and salt into it and stir well. Be careful, vinegar is harsh bad smell. It can burn the baby's delicate airways. Then we put copper wire into the resulting solution for 10-15 minutes, after some time we lower an iron nail, previously cleaned with soda, into the solution. After some time, we can see that a copper coating has appeared on it, and the wire has become shiny as new. How could this happen?

Copper reacts with acetic acid to form a copper salt, then the copper ions on the surface of the nail exchange places with iron ions and form a coating on the surface of the nail. And the concentration of iron salts in the solution increases.

Copper coins are not suitable for the experiment because this metal itself is very soft, and to make the money stronger, its alloys with brass and aluminum are used.

Copper products do not rust over time; they are covered with a special green coating - patina, which prevents it from further corrosion.

DIY soap bubbles

Who didn't love blowing soap bubbles as a child? How beautifully they shimmer and burst merrily. You can simply buy them in the store, but it will be much more interesting to create your own solution with your child and then blow bubbles.

It should be said right away that the usual mixture of laundry soap and water won't do. It produces bubbles that quickly disappear and are difficult to blow out. Most affordable way To prepare such a substance, mix two glasses of water with a glass of dishwashing detergent. If you add sugar to the solution, the bubbles become stronger. They will fly for a long time and will not burst. And the huge bubbles that can be seen on stage by professional artists are created by mixing glycerin, water and detergent.

For beauty and mood, you can mix food coloring into the solution. Then the bubbles will glow beautifully in the sun. You can create several different solutions and use them in turn with your child. It's interesting to experiment with color and create your own new shade of soap bubbles.

You can also try mixing the soap solution with other substances and see how they affect the bubbles. Maybe you will invent and patent some new type of yours.

Spy ink

This legendary invisible ink. What are they made of? Now there are so many films about spies and interesting intellectual investigations. You can invite your child to play secret agents a little.

The point of such ink is that it cannot be seen on paper with the naked eye. Only by applying special influence, for example, heat or chemical reagents, can you see the secret message. Unfortunately, most recipes for making them are ineffective and such ink leaves marks.

We will make special ones that are difficult to see without special identification. For this you will need:

• water;
• spoon;
• baking soda;
• any heat source;
• stick with cotton on the end.

Pour warm liquid into any container, then, stirring, pour baking soda into it until it stops dissolving, i.e. the mixture will reach a high concentration. We put a stick with cotton wool at the end there and write something on paper with it. Let's wait until it dries, then hold the leaf to a lit candle or gas stove. After a while, you can see how the yellow letters of the written word appear on the paper. Make sure that the leaf does not catch fire while developing the letters.

Fireproof money

This is a famous and old experiment. For it you will need:

• water;
• alcohol;
• salt.

Take a deep glass container and pour water into it, then add alcohol and salt, stir well until all ingredients dissolve. To set it on fire, you can take ordinary pieces of paper, or if you don’t mind, you can take a banknote. Just take a small denomination, otherwise something may go wrong in the experiment and the money will be spoiled.

Place strips of paper or money in a water-salt solution; after a while they can be removed from the liquid and set on fire. You can see that the flame covers the entire bill, but it does not light up. This effect is explained by the fact that the alcohol in the solution evaporates, and the wet paper itself does not catch fire.

Wish-fulfilling stone

The process of growing crystals is very exciting, but labor-intensive. However, what you get as a result will be worth your time. The most popular is the creation of crystals from table salt or sugar.

Let's consider growing a “wishing stone” from refined sugar. For this you will need:

• drinking water;
• granulated sugar;
• piece of paper;
• thin wooden stick;
• small container and glass.

First, let's make the preparation. To do this we need to prepare a sugar mixture. In no large capacity pour out some water and sugar. Let the mixture boil and cook until it becomes syrupy. Then we lower the wooden stick there and sprinkle it with sugar, this must be done evenly, in this case the resulting crystal will become more beautiful and even. Leave the base for the crystal overnight to dry and harden.

Let's start preparing the syrup solution. Pour water into a large container and add sugar, stirring slowly. Then, when the mixture boils, cook it until it becomes a viscous syrup. Remove from heat and let cool.

We cut out circles from paper and attach them to the end of a wooden stick. It will become the lid on which the wand with crystals is attached. Fill the glass with the solution and lower the workpiece into it. We wait for a week, and the “wishing stone” is ready. If you add dye to the syrup during cooking, it will turn out even more beautiful.

The process of creating crystals from salt is somewhat simpler. Here you just need to monitor the mixture and change it periodically in order to increase the concentration.

First of all, we create a blank. Pour warm water into a glass container and gradually stir, add salt until it stops dissolving. Leave the container for a day. After this time, you can find many small crystals in the glass; choose the largest one and tie it to a thread. Make a new salt solution and put a crystal there; it must not touch the bottom or edges of the glass. This may lead to unwanted deformations.

After a couple of days you can notice that he has grown. The more often you change the mixture, increasing the concentration of salt, the faster you can grow your wishing stone.

Glowing tomato

This experiment must be carried out strictly under the supervision of adults, as it uses harmful substances. The glowing tomato that will be created during this experiment should absolutely not be eaten, as it can lead to death or severe poisoning. We will need:

• regular tomato;
• syringe;
• sulfuric matter from matches;
• bleach;
• hydrogen peroxide.

We take a small container, put pre-prepared match sulfur there and pour in bleach. We leave all this for a while, after which we take the mixture into a syringe and inject it inside the tomato from different sides, so that it glows evenly. To start the chemical process, hydrogen peroxide is needed, which we introduce through the trace from the petiole from above. We turn off the lights in the room and we can enjoy the process.

Egg in vinegar: a very simple experiment

This is a simple and interesting ordinary acetic acid. To implement it you will need a boiled chicken egg and vinegar. Take a transparent glass container and place an egg in its shell in it, then fill it to the top with acetic acid. You can see bubbles rising from its surface; this is a chemical reaction taking place. After three days, we can observe that the shell has become soft and the egg is elastic, like a ball. If you shine a flashlight on it, you can see that it glows. Conduct an experiment with raw egg not recommended, as the soft shell may rupture when squeezed.

DIY slime made from PVA

This is a fairly common strange toy from our childhood. Currently it is quite difficult to find it. Let's try to make slime at home. Its classic color is green, but you can use the one you like. Try mixing several shades and creating your own unique color.

To conduct the experiment we will need:

• glass jar;
• several small glasses;
• dye;
• PVA glue;
• regular starch.

Let's prepare three identical glasses with solutions that we will mix. Pour PVA glue into the first, water into the second, and dilute starch into the third. First, pour water into the jar, then add glue and dye, stir everything thoroughly and then add starch. The mixture needs to be stirred quickly so that it does not thicken, and you can play with the finished slime.

How to quickly inflate a balloon

Is there a holiday coming up and you need to inflate a lot of balloons? What to do? This unusual experience will help make the task easier. For it we need a rubber ball, acetic acid and regular soda. It must be carried out carefully in the presence of adults.

Pour a pinch of soda into a balloon and place it on the neck of a bottle of acetic acid so that the soda does not spill out, straighten the balloon and let its contents fall into the vinegar. You will see a chemical reaction take place and it will begin to foam, releasing carbon dioxide and inflating the balloon.

That's all for today. Don’t forget, it’s better to conduct experiments for children at home under supervision, it will be safer and more interesting. See you again!

Parents of little fidgets can surprise them with experiments that can be carried out at home. Light, but at the same time surprising and delightful, they can not only diversify a child’s leisure time, but also allow them to look at familiar things with completely different eyes. And discover their properties, functions, purpose.

Young naturalists

Experiments at home, great for children under 10 years old - The best way Help your child gain practical experience that will be useful to him in the future.

Safety precautions when conducting experiments

To ensure that educational experiments are not overshadowed by troubles and injuries, it is enough to remember a few simple but important rules.

Safety comes first

1. Before you start working with chemicals, work surface need to be protected by covering it with film or paper. This will save parents from unnecessary cleaning and will preserve the appearance and functionality of the furniture.
2. During work, you do not need to get too close to the reagents, bending over them. Especially if your plans include chemical experiments for young children that involve unsafe substances. The measure will protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes from irritation and burns.
3. If possible you should use protective devices: gloves, glasses. They must be suitable in size for the child and not interfere with him during the experiment.

Simple experiments for little ones

Developmental experiences and experiments for very young children (or for children under 10 years old) are usually simple and do not require parents to have any special skills or rare or expensive equipment. But the joy of discovery and miracle, which is so easy to do with your own hands, will remain with him for a long time.

For example, children will be indescribably delighted by a real seven-color rainbow, which they can create themselves with the help of an ordinary mirror, a container of water and a sheet of white paper.

Rainbow in a Bottle Experience

To begin with, place a mirror at the bottom of a small basin or bathtub. Then, it is filled with water; and the light of the lantern is directed onto the mirror. After the light is reflected and passes through the water, it is decomposed into its component colors, becoming the same rainbow that can be seen on a sheet of white paper.

Another very simple and beautiful experiment can be carried out using ordinary water, wire and salt.

To begin the experiment, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution. Calculating the required concentration of a substance is quite simple: with the required amount of salt in water, it stops dissolving when the next portion is added. It is very good to use warm distilled water for this purpose. To make the experiment more successful, the finished solution can also be poured into another container - this will remove dirt and make it cleaner.

Experience "Salt on a Wire"

When everything is ready, a small piece of copper wire with a loop at the end is lowered into the solution. The container itself is removed to a warm place and left there for a certain time. As the solution begins to cool, the solubility of the salt will decrease and it will begin to settle on the wire in the form beautiful crystals. You will be able to notice the first results within a few days. By the way, you can use not only ordinary, straight wire in the experiment: by twisting fancy figures from it, you can grow crystals of very different sizes and shapes. By the way, this experiment will give the child great idea New Year's toys in the form of real ice snowflakes - you just need to find a flexible wire and form a beautiful symmetrical snowflake out of it.

Invisible ink can also make a lasting impression on a child. It’s very simple to prepare them: just take a cup of water, matches, cotton wool, half a lemon. And a sheet on which you can write text.

Invisible ink you can buy ready-made

First, mix equal amounts of lemon juice and water in a cup. Then, a little cotton wool is wrapped around a toothpick or a thin match. The resulting “pencil” is dipped into the mixture in the resulting liquid; Then they can write any text on a piece of paper.

Even though the words on paper will be completely invisible at first, it will be very easy to manifest them. To do this, a sheet of already dried ink needs to be brought to the lamp. The written words will immediately appear on a heated sheet of paper.

Which child doesn't love balloons?

It turns out that even inflating an ordinary balloon can be very in an original way. To do this, dissolve one spoon of baking soda in a bottle of water. And in another cup, mix the juice of one lemon and three tablespoons of vinegar. Afterwards, the contents of the cup are introduced into the bottle (for convenience, you can use a small funnel). The ball must be placed on the neck of the bottle as quickly as possible until the chemical reaction is completed. During this time, carbon dioxide will be able to quickly inflate the balloon under pressure. To prevent the ball from jumping off the neck of the bottle, it can be secured with electrical tape or tape.

"Inflate the balloon" experiment

Colored milk looks very interesting and unusual, the colors of which will move, intricately mixing with each other. For this experiment, you need to pour some whole milk into a plate and add a few drops of food coloring to it. Individual areas of the liquid will become colored different colors, but the spots will remain motionless. How to set them in motion? Very simple. It is enough to take a small cotton swab and, after dipping it in detergent, bring it to the surface of the colored milk. By reacting with the milk fat molecules, the detergent molecules will cause it to move.

Experience “Drawings on milk”

Important! Skim milk is not suitable for this experiment. Only whole ones can be used!

Surely all children have had the opportunity to observe funny air bubbles in a mineral or sweet water. But are they strong enough to lift a grain of corn or raisin to the surface? It turns out yes! To check this, just pour any sparkling water into a bottle, and then throw some corn or raisins into it. The child will see for himself how easily, under the influence of air bubbles, both corn and raisins will begin to rise up, and then, having reached the surface of the liquid, fall down again.

Experiments for older children

Older children (from 10 years old) can be offered more complex chemical experiments that require more components. These experiments are a little more difficult for older children, but children can already take part in them.

To comply with safety precautions, children under 10 years of age should conduct experiments under the strict supervision of adults, mainly as a spectator. Children over 10 years old can take a more active part in the experiments.

An example of such an experiment would be the creation lava lamp. Surely many children dream of such a miracle. But it’s much more pleasant to make it yourself, using simple components that are probably found in every home.

Lava Lamp Experience

The basis of the lava lamp will be a small jar or an ordinary glass. In addition, for the experiment you will need vegetable oil, water, salt and a little food coloring.

The jar or other container used as the base of the lamp is filled two-thirds with water and one-third with oil. Since oil is much lighter in weight than water, it will remain on its surface without mixing with it. Then, a little food coloring is added to the jar - this will give the lava lamp color and make the experiment more beautiful and spectacular. And after that, add a teaspoon of salt to the resulting mixture. For what? Salt causes the oil to sink to the bottom in the form of bubbles, and then, dissolving, pushes them up.

The following chemical experiment will help make a school subject like geography exciting and interesting.

Making a volcano with your own hands

After all, studying volcanoes is much more interesting when there is not just a dry book text nearby, but a whole model! Especially if you can easily do it at home with your own hands, using available means at hand: sand, food coloring, soda, vinegar and a bottle are perfect.

To begin with, a bottle is placed on a tray - it will become the basis of the future volcano. Around it you need to mold a small cone of sand, clay or plasticine - this way the mountain will take on a more complete and believable appearance. Now you need to cause a volcanic eruption: a little warm water is poured into the bottle, then a little soda and food coloring (red or orange). The finishing touch will be a quarter glass of vinegar. Having reacted with soda, the vinegar will begin to actively push the contents of the bottle out. This explains the interesting effect of the eruption, which can be observed with the child.

A volcano can be made from toothpaste

Can paper burn without being burned?

It turns out yes. And an experiment with fireproof money will easily prove this. For this ten ruble banknote immersed in a 50% alcohol solution (water is mixed with alcohol in a 1 to 1 ratio, a pinch of salt is added to it). After the bill has been thoroughly soaked, excess liquid is removed from it, and the bill itself is set on fire. Once it flares up, it will begin to burn, but will not burn out at all. This experience is quite simple to explain. The temperature at which alcohol burns is not high enough to evaporate the water. Thanks to this, even after the substance burns out completely, the money will remain slightly damp, but absolutely intact.

Experiments with ice are always a success

Young nature lovers can be encouraged to germinate seeds at home without using soil. How it's done?

A little cotton wool is placed in the eggshell; it is actively moistened with water, and then some seeds (for example, alfalfa) are placed in it. In just a few days you will be able to notice the first shoots. Thus, soil is not always needed for seed germination - only water is enough.

And the next experiment, which is easy to do at home for children, will certainly appeal to girls. After all, who doesn’t like flowers?

A painted flower can be given to your mother

Especially the most unusual ones, bright colors! Thanks to a simple experiment, right in front of amazed children, simple and familiar flowers can turn into the most unexpected color. Moreover, this is extremely simple to do: just put the cut flower in water with food coloring added to it. Climbing up the stem to the petals, chemical dyes will color them in the colors you want. To better absorb water, it is better to make a cut diagonally - this way it will have the maximum area. In order for the color to appear brighter, it is advisable to use light or white flowers. An even more interesting and fantastic effect will be obtained if, before starting the experiment, the stem is split into several parts and each of them is immersed in its own glass of colored water.

The petals will turn into all colors at once in the most unexpected and bizarre way. That we will undoubtedly make a lasting impression on the child!

Experience "Colored foam"

Everyone knows that under the influence of gravity, water can only flow downwards. But is it possible to make it rise up the napkin? To conduct this experiment, an ordinary glass is filled about a third with water. The napkin is folded several times to form a narrow rectangle. After this, the napkin unfolds again; Having stepped back a little from the bottom edge, you need to draw a line of colored dots of a sufficiently large diameter on it. The napkin is immersed in water so that about one and a half centimeters of its colored part is in it. Having come into contact with the napkin, the water will begin to gradually rise upward, coloring it with multi-colored stripes. This unusual effect occurs due to the fact that, having a porous structure, the fibers of the napkin easily allow water to pass upward.

Experiment with water and napkin

To carry out the following experiment, you will need a small blotter, cookie cutters of different shapes, some gelatin, a transparent bag, a glass and water.

Gelatin water does not mix

Gelatin dissolves in a quarter glass of water; it should swell and increase in volume. Then, the substance is dissolved in a water bath and brought to approximately 50 degrees. the resulting liquid is needed thin layer distribute into a plastic bag. Using gelatin cookie cutters, cut out figures various shapes. After this, you need to lay them on a blotter or napkin, and then breathe on them. Warm breath will cause the gelatin to increase in volume, causing the figures to begin to bend on one side.

Experiments conducted at home with children are very easy to diversify.

Gelatin figures from molds

In winter, you can try to slightly modify the experiment by taking the gelatin figures out onto the balcony or leaving them in the freezer for a while. When the gelatin hardens under the influence of cold, patterns of ice crystals will clearly appear on it.

Conclusion

Description of other experiments

Delight and the sea positive emotions– this is what experimentation will bring to curious children, carried out together with adults. And parents will allow themselves to share the joy of their first discoveries with young researchers. After all, no matter how old a person is, the opportunity to return to childhood at least for a short time is truly priceless.