rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)

And now the moment has come when the terrain of the site has been planned, the dream house is built from reliable material, there are only a couple of points left to be completed related to convenience and nature... A private country house/dacha for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence - without a connection to the central sewerage system requires proper and competent solution to this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewerage system or septic tank, which will purify wastewater and preserve the environment. Therefore, the only solution is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewer and fecal matter almost clean water and harmless sludge. Loss or septic tank is better to choose for country house? But which is the best septic tank or waste tank? Which is right for me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of volatile or non-volatile septic tanks look like? This is probably one of the most difficult issues when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our lives, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked this question when building their dream home, choosing a plot or materials, which of those offered on the market is the most reliable and of the highest quality. I would like to compare to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for yourself. Understand which high-quality septic tank has a great guarantee.

History of the septic tank

Long gone are the days when everyone in a private home had a “birdhouse” on the street. The modern standard of comfortable life, even in a country house, presupposes the presence of a normal toilet and, at a minimum, a shower. And in a house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition there are many household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private home must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of method for processing wastewater. Because the correct selection and subsequent withdrawal Wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.

Article about the best /

What will we get from this article? — MAXIMUM for choosing a septic tank/septic tank. We will also pay attention to definitions, operating principles of various treatment plants, and the most popular and effective models. Let's determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or cottage. And what characteristics need to be taken into account when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to make a mistake in choosing the best sewerage solution for yourself.

Variations of the best septic tank or in 2018

Today is already 2018 and in our modern world there is a lot of competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to make the right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, You understand how many there are, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - will we fully define which is which? Since many people confuse the name septic tank with autonomous sewerage system.

For temporary residence

For permanent residence

DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or .

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general definition of what systems there are and what they are intended for. Below is a block of information to understand the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for your home and dacha will be your own. We will start with the simplest thing - definitions and explanations of what is what.

A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (French réserve from the Latin reservare - to preserve), intended for the accumulation of household wastewater from the sewer. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). This technological solution allows you to save ecological environment on your and neighboring property. The storage tank does not process or purify wastewater from the sewer system.

• The wastewater comes into a storage tank, from where it is periodically pumped out by a sewage disposal machine.

A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a tank and a perforated system drainage pipes, intended for the treatment of domestic wastewater from sewers. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:

• The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, into which wastewater from the house flows.
• The second part of the septic tank is a structure (field filtration or soil treatment) made of perforated pipes laid on a layer of crushed stone.

The first part of the septic tank, or the receiving chamber, can be made of a variety of materials, but we will talk about this in the next article. He will also tell you about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.

VOC is a local treatment facility designed for mechanical and biological treatment of household wastewater from sewers. This structure is a multi-chamber closed system in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment occur. The entire range of measures in the VOC allows for complete and reliable purification with a degree of 98%, which allows the treated wastewater from the VOC to be reused. It can be washed, used for watering plants, washing a car, or simply thrown into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation reaches operating mode (when the colony of bacteria multiplies in sufficient quantity). This may take up to 2-3 weeks.

Since everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, first you need to know the following:

• GWL—groundwater level. The GWL is the first underground aquifer from the surface of the earth. It lies above the first water-resistant layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it is also worth considering that ground water level is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in the spring the snow melts, during which the groundwater level increases, while in the winter it decreases.
• Availability of water protection facilities/zones - a limited regime for carrying out any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing pollution and clogging.
• The area for a septic tank/wastewater is the size of the area that you are willing to give up for organizing wastewater treatment.

IMPORTANT: Bacteria for cleaning wastewater in and

Why are they and why are we writing about them? Bacteria - bacteria are everywhere, but even here you can’t do without them. Let's look in detail at what and how bacteria are formed in a septic tank or VOC for (all-season) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also internal processes. Proper work and conditions for bacteria will be provided reliable operation VOC and septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the purification stages. Let's get to know them better...

Anaerobic bacteria for and

The waste enters the septic tank, where a reaction of decomposition and the formation of bacteria occurs. They form and require a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are sealed and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process using these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply wastewater clarification.

As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently purified and is not industrial water. To dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used/arranged.

Aerobic bacteria for

They are formed in the aeration tank chamber. This is a special tank or structure located after the preliminary settling tank in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pre-treated wastewater with activated sludge flow or are pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment occurs. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen. For the life and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists of separating natural waste into its components. This type of bacteria is the most effective because it quickly affects biological substances.

• For normal functioning, activated sludge organisms require small amounts of dissolved oxygen. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg/dm³, and 0.5 mg/dm³ of dissolved oxygen is considered quite satisfactory.
• The maximum percentage of purification for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
• The maximum percentage of purification with aerobic bacteria is 98%.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE or how it works: , or .

Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how processes and work occur in a septic tank and/or. The wastewater flows through a pipeline or sewer into a septic tank or. The operating principles of all cleaning systems consist of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the required quality of treatment and is not recommended by law and regulations for disposal into the ground. First of all, let's look at the information about the septic tank...

The septic tank is a “beta” version of a local treatment plant. To begin with, how does the cleaning process take place in a septic tank?

• After the wastewater enters the septic tank (reservoir), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to carry out preliminary wastewater treatment. First of all, sedimentation, fermentation and proliferation of anaerobic bacteria occur. As a result of the first stage, heavy fractions settle to the bottom, fat floats up and the effluent is clarified. After preliminary settling and all biological processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
• After the first stage, the degree of purification is not sufficient to allow wastewater to be safely discharged into the ground. It is not technical and does not comply with standards and regulations. The water needs additional purification; for this purpose it is necessary to release the settled wastewater to soil additional treatment (field filtration). At this stage, wastewater has the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This event provides cleaning with a degree of 90%.

These cycles consist of several cleaning stages, which is why the container consists of several parts/compartments. Sewage effluent ends up in VOCs, which are mainly composed of 3 parts.

• The first compartment or preliminary settling tank. It uses a mechanical/anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and autonomous sewer system. The same is true for the first stage in a septic tank. The flow of wastewater into the second compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
• Second compartment or aeration tank. It uses a biological/aerobic cleaning method. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, resulting in the biological decomposition of organic matter. Pumps or compressors are used to produce beneficial microorganisms. The flow of wastewater into the third compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
• The third compartment or secondary settling tank. Here the last stage of purification occurs - the remaining organic matter turns into sludge and settles to the bottom. Process water comes out of the secondary chamber with a degree of purification of 98%. This water is suitable for watering the garden or discharging into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

• Septic tank - purification degree 90%
• VOC - purity 98%

TO WHOM WHAT? how to choose OR OR

Let's take a closer look at the technical features and intended use for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you will choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe even a VOC.

A storage tank is an ideal option for a small country house inhabited by 2-3 people, and not in all cases, since they do not recycle wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all sewerage drainage solutions. Considering the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal tank volume.

Service

There is only one service for storage tanks and it is quite simple. To carry it out, you need to call a sewage treatment machine and pump out the wastewater from the storage tank when it is completely filled.

First of all, a septic tank for a home with field filtration is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal residence. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for country houses(all-season) permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil treatment (filtration field) taking into account laws and regulations. And Low level groundwater is the main factor in the choice existing options removal of treated wastewater. Minimum groundwater level (min. 1.5 m from drainage pipes).

Filter field

The main visual differences between a storage tank and a septic tank are the additional construction of the second stage of cleaning.
The filtration field is an underground system drainpipes, located on a layer of gravel on which wastewater treatment occurs. The receiver of treated wastewater is the soil. In case of high groundwater levels, a pumping station should be installed and the entire treatment structure should be placed higher and installed in the embankment.

At the moment it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a home, cottage or cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, installing a deep biological treatment station requires quite a bit of space compared to a septic tank or storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank; there is no need to organize filtration fields or other technical solutions. All you need to do is discharge the treated wastewater into the ground, ditch or water body.

Degree of purification

VOC is a modern wastewater treatment facility with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be used and is suitable for any area - size and conditions. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the release of treated wastewater. Then the filter fields in the bulk are applied. But these are unique cases that make it possible to organize the absorption of treated wastewater into the soil.

Facilities

Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly select the los for your needs. But it is necessary to correctly understand the processes inside the station, since some deep biological treatment stations require a constant supply of wastewater. Therefore, everything in the Delfin VOC is implemented by gravity.

For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES: , or .

All systems are designed to treat wastewater after a home or cottage, but it is necessary to understand not only the positive side, but also the negative, in order to make the right decision. Below is a table that contains reviews, facts and technical features of using this or that cleaning system. A septic tank for permanent residence, according to its parameters, must fully cope with the expected volumes of runoff, so when purchasing, you must take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary accommodation it is worth paying attention to inexpensive stations that require minimal financial expenses. When it comes to a septic tank for permanent use, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.

	Concrete septic tank/storage tank	Plastic
	Frame
Possibility of self-production	You can do it yourself	Factory version only	Factory version only.
Equipment tightness	When made independently, it is difficult to seal, especially when the groundwater level is high.	The housing is sealed and requires anchoring or special devices. Simple design, ensures stable performance preliminary stage cleaning. Durable. Environmental Safety.	Sealed housing, does not float (always full). All equipment is manufactured at the factory, so reliability will be higher than that of a self-made design. Durable. Environmental Safety.
	Cleaning of drains
Wastewater treatment options	No	Filtration well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators. Limited service life of the filtration field. Fragility and high risk of contamination of soil and groundwater - especially important for cesspools and concrete wells	Autonomous sewerage is small in size. It can be placed on absolutely any site and in any conditions. Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrator, drainage ditch.
Degree of wastewater treatment	Degree of purification - 60%.	Degree of purification - 90%. An unpleasant odor emanating from a storage septic tank, overflow well or filtration field. Penetration of sewage (fecal water) into groundwater, and then often it ends up in water intake wells. The need to use special bacteria for maximum environmental friendliness.	High degree of purification - 98%. Thanks to all treatment technologies, a high degree of purification is achieved, which allows water to be discharged into a ditch or drainage (process water, reuse).
Electricity addiction	No	Energy independence. There are no compressors or pumps in the septic tank design. No electrical connection required. But a permanent stay is required. Necessary for all cleaning processes to take place. Without wastewater, wastewater rotting occurs, which entails unscheduled maintenance of the station.	Energy dependence. This factor is not a disadvantage for all autonomous sewers. Depending on the principle and operating modes of the station, energy dependence can play a key role on the operating cost of the entire station. Since the automation and compressors with pumps operate constantly, the station quickly consumes its service life and the reliability of the station’s components.
Requirement for regular “replenishment”	Doesn't matter	Doesn't matter. Bacteria living in a septic tank do not need daily feeding.	Reacts poorly to uneven flows of wastewater; it is better to use for permanent residence
Salvo release	Handles large volumes perfectly	It copes well with large volumes. If the volume is correctly calculated, the septic tank is not afraid of increased volley discharge of wastewater.	Handles only a certain amount of waste
High groundwater level (GWL)		To ensure pumping of settled wastewater, it is necessary to use a pumping station, which will affect the final cost of the entire station and will become comparable to an autonomous sewerage system.	Can be used when groundwater levels are high. Organization of CNS or additional modifications.
	OPERATION and SERVICE
Service	Regular pumping with a sewage disposal machine (1-3 times a year). Service as the tank is filled. Limited storage capacity. Constant monitoring of wastewater levels.	Regular pumping with a sewage disposal machine (1-3 times a year). Suitable for houses with non-permanent residence. Minimum expenses for service and operation. Regular calling of sewage trucks (necessary even for TANK-type septic tanks that require constant filling of anaerobic bacteria) for pumping out unprocessed wastewater	Minimum service costs. Periodic maintenance by specialists. Many manufacturers strive to reduce the cost of their products that require systematic intervention. service department manufacturer's company. Compressor technical service. Comfortable and easy operation without constant attention.
Smell	Unpleasant odors during service. An excellent breeding ground for bacteria and viruses that are dangerous to health.	Siltation filtration field. Depending on the use and correct design and installation of the entire station system, the need to reinstall the filtration field arises on average after 10-15 years, which entails additional costs.	No smell. All gases exit through ventilation.
	INSTALLATION
Excavation.	Simple installation under the container.	Area by Field Filtration. Complexity of installation and rather large volume earthworks. Since soil purification is required, it is necessary to have additional free area for field filtration. Bulky and not everywhere possible installation primitive treatment septic tanks, the need to provide access to a sewage disposal truck.	Easy installation. For autonomous sewerage, it is not necessary to organize field filtration (soil post-treatment), which entails an additional volume of excavation work (without restrictions on area and geological conditions).

RATING: Description of top IMPORTED (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence

This article will provide a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers/VOCs in the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewers produced in Russia or Europe. Despite the fact that there are many different septic tanks on the market currently, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, you also need to take into account not only the characteristics, but also the manufacturer. When comparing home septic tanks with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general you can...

Since there are currently many types of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in types, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worth clearly analyzing all the nuances and choosing it according technical specifications, the quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.

Delfin

Since 1993 one of the most popular European manufacturers professional equipment for purification of any wastewater. Joint production with the largest company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.

TOPOL ECO

Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production c. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a sealed system for biological treatment of wastewater from the sewer system.

Alta Bio

Russian manufacturer offers A complex approach in water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has occupied a leading position in the market.

Tver

The stations are produced relatively recently compared to everyone else. But they have good feedback and design features from analogues.

UPONOR

Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewers. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to be minimally included in the service of their customers.

UNILOS ASTRA

"SBM-Group" is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewage systems for facilities various types.

EUROBION

In 2005, the group of companies “National Ecological project" Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.

TANK

Appearance of VOC and Septic tank

Appearance can sometimes tell a lot in this case too. How the station will feel depends on the ground conditions.

VOC PRO from Delfin

LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO

VOC from Alta Bio

VOC Tver

UPONOR

LOS UNILOS ASTRA

VOC EUROBION

TANK

Principle of operation

PROCESS of reliable autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO6

Premium class means no interruptions, no rotting of drains and no unscheduled maintenance

1st Camera

Pre-settler

Processes: Accumulation of wastewater, preliminary treatment and sedimentation of wastewater (sedimentation of the heavy fraction).

2nd Camera

Aerotank + MBBR Technology

Processes: Active purification of wastewater in the water column by aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.

3rd chamber

Secondary settling tank

Processes: Secondary settling of treated wastewater before discharge from the station.

The process of deep biological purification in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO /VOC occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aeration tank, secondary settling tank) without stopping recirculation. This ensures reliable operation in case of power outage VOC. European Reliable Autonomous sewage system PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.

• VOC No flooding
• Stable operation of drains
• No unscheduled maintenance

Topas and Principle of operation

is a treatment station built according to a four-chamber design. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another occurs not by gravity, but by airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. Stopping the power supply blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant disadvantage that outweighs the very deep treatment of wastewater (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, so the installation requires a connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the electricity supply is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.

Receiving chamber

Wastewater enters the receiving chamber. Unlike " classical installations» in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator for mixing the drain and saturating it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is turned on when the flow level in it decreases to the operating minimum. Thanks to this, instead of sediment settling and rotting, the flow in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the decomposition of molecules of organic compounds occurs under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. Coarse particle filter Small particles of contaminants mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts waste water through a pipe and pumps it into the aeration tank reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with low productivity and, unlike other types of pumps, without large expenditures of electricity and voltage surges caused by starting the pump. Float switch To switch operating modes of Topas, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with wastewater, the float rises and the first compressor turns on. He serves compressed air on the:

When the drain level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float is lowered and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:

• aeration of the receiving chamber,
• airlift for pumping sludge from an aeration tank to a settling tank-stabilizer,
• airlift for removing grease film in the secondary settling tank,
• aeration in the secondary settling tank.

Aerotank reactor

The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge microorganisms. Thanks to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with air oxygen. During the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles combine into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds - nitrates - for respiration, reducing them to nitrites and then to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification occurs - the removal of nitrates and nitrites.

Secondary settling tank

A chamber in the shape of a truncated inverted pyramid and located in an aeration tank-reactor. Sludge settles in the settling tank and returns to the aeration tank through an opening at the bottom. Additionally, the mixture of water and sludge flows from the aeration tank-reactor into the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This accelerates the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in the upper layer of water and removed to the aeration tank by an airlift built into the pyramid. Treated wastewater is discharged outside by gravity through an outlet in the installation body or collected in a forced discharge tank with a pump installed in it. Most quickly, dying sludge settles to the bottom of the aeration tank-reactor, which, during the settling phase in the aeration tank, is pumped using an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizer settling tank (D). This is the smallest chamber in which sludge accumulates and mineralizes. Through the existing hole in the upper part, clarified sludge water flows back into the receiving chamber, thus closing the internal circulation process. A standard airlift pump is installed in the settling tank-stabilizer for pumping out sludge. This pump is turned off and the air supplied to it stirs up the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping must be done once a quarter. You can pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (sewage) pump for contaminated water.

The principle of operation of the autonomous sewage system Alta Bio

At the heart of every autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. This is where most organic waste breaks down. Today there is a large number of different autonomous sewers. The Alta Group company offers a more advanced design, which is a system for completely purifying water from waste.

Two stages of water purification in the Alta Bio autonomous sewage system:

The first stage of wastewater treatment involves sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber settling tank. The settling tank (lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which domestic sewage flows. The overflows are located in such a way that wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third are 25% each of the total volume of the sump. The total volume of the settling tank is designed for two-day wastewater treatment.

Second stage of wastewater treatment

Additional purification in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the settling tank, clarified wastewater is pumped using a drainage pump controlled by an electronic unit to the upper part of the station and is evenly sprayed through a rotating sprayer over the entire area of ​​the bioload (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, the wastewater is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the loading material.

Autonomous sewage system for a private house Alta Bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate as normal, but as a regular septic tank. And when the power supply is restored, the station will return to operating mode.

Brief description and scope of application of the Alta Bio septic tank

The treatment plant in question is intended for use in private homes or in public places with few visitors. It can be used for arranging sewage systems in dachas, cottages or other types of country buildings. Septic tanks are often installed in country cafes, restaurants or snack bars.

Design and principle of operation of a septic tank Tver

The container is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:

• septic. This is where the wastewater gets first and foremost, and this is where the main processes of settling insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them enter the soluble phase and are sent to the next stage of purification;
• anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber along the wastewater route is the aeration tank. An aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank, through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Fired expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float up. A biofilm of microorganisms is formed on the expanded clay loading, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. In this chamber, the components of the wastewater are mechanically destroyed as they pass through the structural elements of the chamber (brushes) and are partially hydrolyzed due to the activity of anaerobic microorganisms (yeast) - this is where the process takes place waste fermentation;
• aeration tank This chamber contains an aerator, thanks to which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as natural microflora. The oxygen-saturated liquid is sent for further processing;
• settling tank Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, the wastewater passes through a settling chamber, which retains heavy suspended matter, which has a beneficial effect on subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
• aerobic bioreactor. Two processes simultaneously occur in this chamber: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that make up the wastewater, and the limestone located at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds with phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are highly toxic. In the aerobic bioreactor, just like in the second chamber, a brush load is located. A layer of biofilm on the load collects and oxidizes organic contaminants remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor there is a layer of dolomite crushed stone, which gradually dissolves in wastewater, which helps remove phosphates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary settling tank, where dead biofilm is retained, then the wastewater is discharged by gravity to the discharge point.
• settling tank-stabilizer. In this chamber, the liquid is further clarified by the natural sedimentation of heavier inclusions, and only after this, 95-98% purified water leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, this chamber contains floats with chlorine-containing reagents, which are responsible for water disinfection.

The septic tank is light in weight and has fairly thin walls; this cannot be considered a plus or minus. These factors make installation easy, and the thin walls are made of high-quality polypropylene. Under the influence of heavy loads, they may bend, but will not collapse.

FINNISH SEPTIC Uponor

WehoPuts on-site treatment plants are biochemical type treatment plants for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.

Local treatment plant for a country house or cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed for treating wastewater from one household. The model number indicates the number of people living. For the calculation, a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person is used. Both systems are designed for year-round use.

The line of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products for complete biochemical treatment of household wastewater. Those. After passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil cleaning. The stations are volatile, and their normal functioning requires the use of special floating (precipitating) additives. The operating principle of such stations is as follows:

• The wastewater flows by gravity into the receiving chamber (settlement tank), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several settling tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious contaminants as completely as possible;
• Next, the wastewater enters a technological tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of activated sludge is activated (microbiological processes actively occur). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped into the receiving chamber;
• at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the wastewater in portions, which promotes the precipitation of fine suspended matter. It is also responsible for binding phosphorus compounds;
• after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground

Advantages of this system: wastewater is processed in portions, which allows achieving the same quality of cleaning; containers are strong and durable; products are accompanied by all necessary documents, easy to operate. The disadvantages can be considered the overpriced cost of Onor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.

VOC Uponor BioClean is one of the innovative solutions from the Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private homes and in summer cottages. Fits all sanitary requirements. It consists of a solid container in which the following processes take place:

• preliminary processes of rough wastewater treatment take place in the settling tank;
• in the next reservoir, the wastewater is aerated, the inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
• then a flotation reagent is added to the wastewater (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
• excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
• treated wastewater is pumped into a well for sampling

Astra Unilos. This is a well-known treatment station for cleaning the sewerage of a cottage, private house or a whole group of houses. Considering the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often save money on purchasing one powerful unit, which is installed for several families. Advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Disadvantages include: relatively slow operation, high price. The septic tank body is divided into four sections: a receiving compartment, an aeration tank, a settling section and a system for discharging purified water into the external environment. The septic tank comes with pumps and ventilation systems that are required to move water from one section to another and to aerate the wastewater.

Receiving chamber or surge tank

Untreated wastewater through the sewer line (1,2) enters the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where it is prepared - crushed and partially oxidized due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air, which occurs during the operation of an air pump installed in a special compartment (I). compressor. Then, the evenly mixed wastewater is pumped through the coarse fraction filter, which prevents large mechanical and non-degradable contaminants from passing further, and is pumped into the aeration tank chamber (B) by the main pump.

Aerotank

It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the airlift (or mamut pump) principle, where pumping occurs by supplying air into a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. In the aeration tank, the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge - biomass dissolved in water consisting of different types microorganisms that, in the process of vital activity, decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the process of aeration in the aeration tank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.

Secondary settling tank

After the aeration tank, the mixture of purified wastewater and activated sludge enters the next chamber - the secondary settling tank (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the influence of gravity, and clarified purified wastewater, which is technically pure water, exits the station (3). A grease film trap (grease trap) is installed between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary settling tank back to the aeration tank for further processing.

Sludge stabilizer

The sludge that has settled to the common bottom of the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank is pumped into the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber depending on the level of wastewater in the latter.

How Eurobion works

The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms, in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen, to use waste pollutants as food. Below is a technological diagram of the operation of the Eurobion deep biological treatment station.

Receiving aeration tank

The wastewater flows through the supply sewer pipe (1) into the receiving aeration tank (2) in which, with the help of the aeration element “POLIATR” (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturating the wastewater with air oxygen occurs - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge - a biomass of microorganisms that process contaminants.

Primary aerobic settling tank

Partially treated wastewater passes through two holes in the intermediate bottom (4) and enters the upper zone of the primary aerobic settling tank (5). This zone is characterized by a high concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, the process of denitrification, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen, occurs intensively. Further, as the wastewater moves downward, it enters the aerobic sediment zone, where the processes of self-oxidation and decomposition of difficult-to-process contaminants take place. Part of the activated sludge through the overflow (6) enters the lower part of the secondary settling tank (10).

Secondary settling tank

The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary settling tank and is returned to the aeration zone by the recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological cleaning is achieved. The biofilm that is formed during the cleaning process in the secondary settling tank enters the biofilm degasser (14) and, under the action of bubbling, is destroyed in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). The clarified wastewater enters a tertiary settling tank installed directly in front of the AEROSLIV (12) outlet dispenser, the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of purified wastewater to the outlet of the installation. Treated wastewater to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the installation, or enters a storage tank and is pumped out from there by a drainage pump, in the event enforcement stations.

AU BIOTANK

This series has proven itself as absolutely unpretentious in use and practically maintenance-free station for deep biological wastewater treatment. Does not require additional purification in the ground. The advantages of this system: no additional treatment fields, no complex electronics, no operational problems, quick access to the operating mode, not afraid of temporary power outages, the output is clean, odorless water.

The most modern deep biological treatment station BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is available in four modifications.

Firstly, the division of septic tanks is based on the shape of the body, vertical And horizontal. The vertical BIOTANK is designed for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, a horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank for any volume and capacity, is installed where there is no limitation on the area of ​​the pit.

Modifications are also provided for each of the two buildings with gravity water release, and with forced reset on the terrain using a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF And ETC.

Modern polymer material is used to make the case. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by injection is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first, as in other septic tanks, serves as a receiver and settling tank for separating undissolved impurities. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic type nitrifier, which has a floating load covered with biofilm. The main cleaning process takes place in this compartment, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic inclusions and ammonia nitrogen. To ensure the chemical reactions take place, air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber serves as an additional settling tank, in which the medium is separated and the water is freed from residues that formed during the cleaning process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which operates on the principle of a separator. Pure water (98% purified) is supplied to the outlet.

ATTENTION, THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS IN 2018

• Requiring accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of purification if there are more or fewer users, but not all autonomous sewers have an accurate calculation.
• When there is a power outage, most stations, due to their design features, lose the ability to continue treatment and the degree of overall wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
• The design of many autonomous sewers requires frequent and periodic maintenance, repair and replacement components stations.
• A long break in the use of the station is not allowed if it is not equipped with automatic circulation of wastewater and activated sludge.
• The dimensions of the receiving chambers in some autonomous sewers are not designed for large household waste. Also, a volley discharge (draining the bath and simultaneous use of the entire sewer system) can disrupt the processes in the preliminary settling tank, which will lead to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. The volume does not cope well with large household waste and with volley discharge.
Alta BIO 7Tver 1 - PBiotank 6ASTRA 6Biozone Energy consumption, kW/day0,32 0,90 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,44 1,44 3,00 Experience, years25 20 15 10 6 5 20 14 Warranty, years10 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 Service, 1 year1 2 4 1 1 1 4 2 Work without electricityYesYesNoNoYesNoNoNo Susceptibility to chemicals, garbage, food.NoNoYesYesYesYesYesYes MBBR cleaning technologiesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo Location of the controller insideNoNoYesYesNoYesYesYes Salvo discharge, liters.660 500 250 270 250 250 280 260 Capacity in m3/day1,36 1,1 1,15 1,4 1,0 1,00 1,20 1,50 Recycling process (SNIP)YesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo Weight, kg220 210 200 200 165 130 210 220 Station shapehorizontal rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangular Station operability during short-term power outagesWhen there is a power outage, the station starts operating as a regular storage septic tank, which does not in any way affect general work the system as a wholeWhen there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdownWhen there is a power outage, the station starts operating as a regular storage septic tank, which in no way affects the overall operation of the system as a whole.When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown
• Fully automatic control operation of the station with an alarm system → very low energy consumption
• Simple and quick installation
• Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of autonomous sewage systems DELFIN for many years.

Basic parameters when choosing

Since all residential plants are designed and built to treat wastewater, we need the hard facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It won't be that easy, since each station has its own twist. And we’ll tell you how much of a positive effect it has a little later. We compare the parameters and properties of deep biological treatment stations so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or waste tank with a great guarantee is the key to quality and your peace of mind.

not susceptible to chemicals, hair and small debris

Oddly enough, there are also stations that have direct restrictions on discharge into an autonomous sewer system. It is clear that the station is not a garbage can, but we will still take into account how these problems were solved. In some they are completely excluded in order to be as comparable as possible with the central sewer system, but in others, unfortunately, due to design limitations, this problem has not been solved. Below is a brief comparison and description of how the problem was solved.

controller location

Stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many factors environment. Ambient temperature, sudden changes, and humidity create a dew point that can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their operating conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials, without which no electrical device can do, especially depend on environmental conditions. These materials, under the influence of climate and even weather changes, can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of adverse environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account when designing, installing and operating electrical installations.

The energy consumption of an autonomous sewage system depends on

• Operating mode
• Power of devices and equipment

guarantee

When purchasing a product or receiving any services, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. You need to be careful not to make mistakes in marketing moves, such as a service life of more than 1000 years, when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this column we would like to simply rank companies in descending order by the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: ​​to carry out repairs and replacement of parts free of charge. This parameter guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:

• breaking
• poor quality material
• defective parts, etc.

Regarding autonomous sewerage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, brushes, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.

When building a residential building, they simultaneously design a sewer system, most often an independent one. If previously sewage was dumped into a cesspool, now septic tanks are replacing it everywhere. These are progressive devices for the purification of household wastewater, which are an airtight vessel divided into chambers in which the wastewater is first settled, then processed by microorganisms, and then filtered.

The huge selection of drain purifiers on the market raises the question of which septic tank is better for a home with permanent residence, and which one is more suitable for the conditions of a country house.

The main element of a closed (local) sewer system is classified according to various criteria. Based on the number of wells, one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks are distinguished. They are made of steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass, and equipped with suitable materials.
The following is a classification of septic tanks by design features. Depending on the range of functions implemented, there are three types of septic tanks for homes.

1. Cumulative. It includes one chamber or two communicating wells. The waste in a sealed storage tank is separated into liquid and dense fractions, organic matter is broken down, and the liquid with suspensions settles. To avoid overfilling of the vessels, sewage is pumped out from time to time. You can use the storage tank as a basis when installing an inexpensive country septic tank. This technical solution is acceptable , if residents come to the house only on weekends (pumping will have to be done once a year).
2. A settling tank with a soil post-treatment compartment. This is a reservoir delimited into chambers without a bottom (infiltrators), which play the role of aeration platforms (filtration fields). The chambers contain activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of wastewater.
3. Installation for deep cleaning. In it, waste is decomposed in stages, using various methods. First, the solid fraction settles, then comes the stage of bioprocessing of organic matter. Progressive cleaning units of this group are equipped with a compressor. The method is expensive, but very effective: up to 95% of wastewater goes into a neutral state, and sewage has to be removed no more than once every 5-7 years. It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station if the house is being built next to a river or pond.

In order for the local sewage system to function more actively, it is recommended to equip a private home with an anaerobic septic tank. It involves the colonization of special bacteria that feed on organic matter and have no need for oxygen into the primary purification tank. This approach speeds up the disinfection and dissolution of wastewater.

If you remove a pipe from the after-treatment tank to communicate with the atmosphere or connect an air compressor, you can get an aerobic septic tank.

To do this, it is inhabited by microorganisms that process organic matter when oxygen is available. Biological decomposition of waste by two types of bacteria allows you to bring wastewater to the state of industrial water.

When organizing wastewater treatment, an inevitable question arises: how to choose a septic tank for your home? To answer this, the problem must be analyzed from several perspectives.

1.Factory product or homemade design . In the second case, the cleaner is made from tires, concrete rings, and bricks. But such a model is permissible only under the condition of periodic or seasonal residence in the house.

Comparison of septic tanks produced at the plant and self-made in terms of duration and safety of operation, it convincingly proves that for household needs it is better to prefer a purchased installation, which, in combination with proper installation, guarantees full compliance with building and environmental standards.

Stations with a high percentage of filtration allow you to discharge purified water into any body of water.

It is not practical to use such a septic tank for a summer house or a detached cottage, but it can be purchased for a village or street. For an individual user, a two-chamber or two-capacity septic tank is more suitable. The first option collects wastewater and performs its primary purification, the second filters the liquid part and releases water into the ground. Effluent treated with two-chamber units is not allowed to be discharged into water bodies.

2. Material. It also determines the choice of a septic tank for a country house, affecting its service life and reliability.

• Reinforced concrete. The rings, manufactured according to the technical process in accordance with the standards, do not corrode and have great strength, but their installation will not be possible without special equipment.
• Metal. Advantages of steel containers – mechanical strength and an affordable price, but the main disadvantage is increased corrosion. From the inside, the walls of the tank are constantly in contact with the chemically active liquid, and on the outside - with the soil. In order for a metal septic tank to last longer, waterproofing will be required. Installation of a massive tank is impossible without lifting equipment.
• Polymer. Plastic septic tanks are in demand due to their low weight and relative cheapness. The disadvantage of the design is instability: during installation the container must be constantly held in a vertical position. Most polymers are susceptible to damage by rodents and cracking when exposed to low temperatures.
• Fiberglass. Along with chemical neutrality, it also has other positive qualities: durable, lightweight, does not respond to temperature fluctuations. The most durable and practical septic tanks for a country house are made from fiberglass.

3.Groundwater depth and soil type. If a single-chamber model is selected, groundwater must flow deeper than the bottom of the tank. For safe use of the multi-chamber option, they must be 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter).

If the water is located at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip drainage fields for three-section septic tanks, especially on waterproof clay soils. Here are some tips for specific conditions.

• Sandy soil. A unit with biological treatment is recommended, upon completion of which the water directly turns into sand. The filtration field is located higher.
• Clay. In addition to bacterial purification, the wastewater must pass through a sand filter. The purified liquid from the septic tank is discharged directly onto the ground.
• High line occurrence surface waters. The best option is a polymer septic tank with bio-treatment, specially weighted or fixed to prevent floating.

4. Volume of the vessel and its dimensions. Capacity is calculated based on the average daily norm drainage per person (with a standard set of plumbing fixtures - 200 liters), number of residents and a three-day supply. If there are four in a family, the volume of the septic tank is calculated as follows:

200*4 people*3 days. = 2400 liters

If a country mansion is often visited by guests, the result obtained is increased by 2/3: 2400 * 1.66 = 3900 liters. The optimal tank depth is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the resulting cubic capacity, according to Table 1, a septic tank model is selected.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house and cottage

Dacha for occasional holidays

If residents visit the house on weekends, and there is little plumbing equipment in the home, then a productive complex that processes wastewater is not required. Dacha owners often choose inexpensive, low-performance single-chamber drives. Unlike a cesspool, they are filled with sand and crushed stone filter layers, providing 50% purification.

Following the advice of experts, it is better to prefer a small two-chamber mini-septic tank with sedimentation and infiltration sections. If the volume of wastewater is not higher than the standard (certificate), then such equipment perfectly performs the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a compact septic tank for your dacha, get acquainted with its features:

• mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, populated with anaerobic biomaterial (after processing the organic matter, the liquid is filtered in a well, then enters the soil);
• sewer storage tanks are made of reinforced polyethylene, resistant to frost;
• compact products are delivered to their destination in a passenger car; a construction truck crane is not required for loading;
• You can install a septic tank alone.

Country house for permanent residence

For a family with an average income, the best septic tank for a country house is a unit with two or three sections (factory-made or built from reinforced concrete rings). This is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage tank and a septic tank filter. The first two wells (settlements) are sealed, and the third is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it.

When the settling tanks are filled, a sewer is called in to clean the septic tank, and the filter components are changed every three years. A multi-chamber septic tank cleans drains by an average of 90%.

Which septic tank to choose for a country house in order to make the drains cleaner and call the sewer less often?

1. Septic tank with filtration field. This is a complex that combines 2-3 wells and a drainage zone (it requires an underground area of ​​at least 30 m2). The minimum gap between the field and the house is 30 m.
2. Multi-section septic tank with biofilter. This is the answer to the question of which septic tank is better for a country house and cottage if there are permanent residents and taking into account the high boundary of the passage of groundwater. The model, manufactured industrially, consists of 4 sections:

The septic tank has long gained popularity among owners of country houses. This is a much more practical and safe treatment facility than the cesspool to which many summer residents are so accustomed. The design of septic tanks includes chambers where wastewater is settled, purified and processed. Thus, the water becomes safe for the environment. And the principle of operation of septic tanks is that sewer pipes are laid from the house and connected to the device.

The septic tank for a summer residence requires cleaning periodically. Depending on the type of structure, cleaning is carried out every one to five years. A septic tank will be a suitable sewage option for a suburban area. Detailed information about the installation, installation and connection of sewerage in a private house can be found at http://marisrub.ru/uslugi/inzhenernye-sistemy/kanalizatsiya.

Released today different kinds septic tanks for a country house, which differ in performance and volume, material of manufacture and other parameters. Let's find out the rules of choice and consider the rating of septic tanks for a country house.

Types of septic tanks

They produce volatile and autonomous septic tanks, horizontal and vertical models, and devices that differ in type of operation. In the latter case, storage models, devices with soil filtration and deep cleaning.

Storage septic tank is the most affordable option, representing an improved cesspool. Wastewater enters the container and is separated into fractions into storage tanks. The septic tank is cleaned as it fills.

This model is characterized by accessibility, easy installation and low cost. However, they are not very easy to use and require frequent cleaning. The storage structure is suitable for a summer house, which is used for seasonal living and housing.

Septic tanks with soil filtration and post-treatment are suitable for those who constantly live outside the city. In such a device, wastewater is cleaned, and not only accumulated and divided into fractions. Facilities with post-treatment can be cleaned once every two to three years. By the way, to increase the time between cleanings, special bacteria additives are used for septic tanks.

The design with soil post-treatment consists of two chambers. Such models are characterized by ease of use and maintenance, but they are not suitable for installation in areas with clay soil and high groundwater levels.

Septic tanks with deep purification purify and disinfect water by 90-100%, so wastewater is disposed of in the ground without the risk of environmental pollution. The system is distinguished by its versatility and high level of wastewater treatment, absence of odors and easy installation.

A septic tank with deep biological treatment does not require regular cleaning and constant monitoring of the device’s operation. Cleaning is carried out no more than once every five years. This suitable option For country cottage, in which they live permanently. Among the disadvantages, we note the high cost of equipment and installation, but during subsequent operation there are practically no additional costs.

In addition, septic tanks are divided by type of material. The equipment is made of plastic, metal, brick and other raw materials. The most affordable and popular are plastic models, which are characterized by high strength and tightness, light weight and installation, and corrosion resistance. But when installing such a structure, there is a risk that the container will suffer when the soil moves.

Brick septic tanks will not provide proper sealing, so additional waterproofing is required during installation. But reinforced concrete septic tanks will become a reliable device that will last for a long time. Experts do not recommend installing metal models, as they are susceptible to corrosion, which reduces their service life.

How to choose the right septic tank for your dacha

• If the suburban area is located in warm regions or in middle lane Russia, choose plastic products. For northern and cold regions, it is better to choose reinforced concrete structures that can withstand frost, temperature changes and humidity;
• For year-round living in country house Fine a septic tank will do with deep biological treatment; for seasonal stays at the dacha, standard storage models are more often used;
• Each model is characterized by a certain performance. You can easily calculate the required capacity by multiplying 200 liters by the number of people who permanently live in the house. Where 200 liters is the approximate volume of water used by one person per day;
• If there are two or more bathrooms in the house, then the volume of the tank should be larger. Consider how many people constantly live in the room. Yes, for one-story house with one bathroom and 3-5 people living all year round, a septic tank with a volume of 2-3 m3 is suitable;
• Study the characteristics and opinions about the work of the model. Next, we will list the best septic tanks for a country house: a rating based on reviews from customers and experts.

Top 10 septic tanks for a summer residence

Brand	Description	Volume (l)	Productivity (l/day)
Tank	Autonomous, durable and reliable plastic septic tank for any type of soil, easy installation And affordable price, will last more than 50 years. Requires cleaning only once every 4-5 years. Suitable for both seasonal and permanent residence	1200;	600;
Triton	Autonomous plastic device with a service life of about 50 years, high tightness and affordable price, easy installation and compact dimensions. The best option for a country house, requires cleaning every 1-2 years	750;	250;
Tver	Plastic septic tank, simple design, easy installation, suitable for any soil, but depends on electricity, affordable price. Ideal for country cottages	3000;	750;
Poplar	A durable plastic model that can withstand frost down to -30 degrees and will easily last 50 years, works without pumping and smell, and depends on electricity. Suitable for large cottages and production premises	2500;	650;
Topas	Compact and unpretentious device operates without pumping, easy installation and service life of about 50 years, simple maintenance	2300;	800;
Ecopan	Stable and reliable septic tank, suitable for problematic soil, cleaning with a pump, works autonomously. Service life over 50 years, high corrosion resistance. Suitable for country houses and small cottages	4200;	500;
Aqua-bio	A simple to install and easy to maintain device for country houses and seasonal living, sealed and durable, low price, but not suitable for soil with high level groundwater	2000;	700;
Unilos	An efficient plastic septic tank without pumping, it runs on electricity, but there is a process for operation during power outages	1700;	1000;
Leader	Sustainable and robust design, easily tolerates overloads due to contaminated wastewater, does not require the use of bioadditives, runs on electricity	3600;	500;
Yubas	Monolithic body, requires frequent cleaning, easy operation and maximum purification of the most contaminated wastewater, too expensive for small country houses	2400;	1000;

Experts call the Tank the best autonomous septic tank. Among devices that depend on electricity, Topol received the largest number of positive reviews. But remember that the choice is influenced by the amount of water consumed and the number of bathrooms, the type of residence in a country house and the characteristics of the soil.

Experienced craftsmen will tell MariSrub which septic tank to choose for your dacha. We will select a durable and sealed model, perform installation reliably and quickly, and connect sewerage and other utility systems in a private home.

Already at the first stages of project creation wooden house we do necessary calculations for the installation of each engineering system, including water supply and sewerage, ventilation and electrical wiring, heating. As a result, you will get a reliable system that will work for many years without problems!

Installation of a septic tank – practical way solving the problem of wastewater disposal during the construction of a local sewerage system. But, you see, among the diversity ready-made structures Sometimes it's not easy to make a choice.

To simplify the task, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with an overview of the main types of treatment facilities and popular models from leading manufacturers. We will tell you which septic tank to choose based on the characteristics of its operation, and outline the main parameters of the device that must be taken into account when purchasing.

For a better understanding of the issue, we have supplemented the information with photographs of various models of waste disposal units, as well as diagrams for their installation.

A septic tank is a waterproof structure consisting of one or more sections or divided into two or three compartments or chambers. But any sewage treatment plant has its own characteristics.

Therefore, in order to choose a recycler wisely, it is necessary to analyze the types of equipment on the market, understand the principle of their operation and determine for yourself the feasibility of using a particular model.

Types of materials used

Septic tanks, which are the main element of local sewerage, are classified according to different criteria.

Image gallery

Depending on the material, which is used in the manufacture of a septic tank, all structures are divided into the following types:

• Reinforced concrete;
• Plastic.
• Made from stainless metal.

The most widespread are reinforced concrete and plastic septic tanks. Metal products are rarely used, as they are very expensive and wear out quickly.

And this video describes the rules for building a septic tank for a country house.

Comparison of septic tanks for a country house. How and which one to choose?

Let's consider plastic and reinforced concrete septic tanks.

Characteristics of reinforced concrete septic tanks

Cleaning systems based on monolithic reinforced concrete have their own advantages:

• Durable. The service life reaches up to 30 years.
• They have high resistance to mechanical stress and aggressive substances.

There are reinforced concrete septic tanks:

• Prefabricated: collected from massive rings, the diameter of which is from 1 to 2 meters. Installation is carried out using construction equipment, since their weight is very large. Installation takes a day or two.
• Monolithic: They dig a hole directly at the installation site and begin equipping the septic tank. A septic tank, the design of which is monolithic and has fittings inside, is made in a few days.

This photo shows the process of installing a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings for a private house.

Features of plastic septic tanks

Advantages at plastic structures a lot of:

1. Eco-friendly, safe. High tightness of the structure and durable material avoid leaks and waste getting into the soil.
2. Reliable.
3. Service life is long.
4. They have less weight, so during installation you can do without the use of expensive special equipment.

Plastic septic tanks only need to be purchased and installed on the site. There is no need to collect anything.

Important: installation of all types of septic tanks and connection with sewer pipes must be carried out by specialists.

How many chambers should a septic tank have?

Devices for drainage of wastewater and household waste have the following number of cameras:

• One;

For sufficient functionality of the system, the expected waste volume. It affects the number of cameras:

• Single-chamber design: the volume of wastewater is no more than 1 cubic meter per day;
• Two-chamber design: no more than 10 cubic meters per day;
• Three-chamber septic tank: wastewater exceeds 10 cubic meters per day.

Important: in a finished septic tank, a container in the format of a plastic Eurocube has chambers of the same size. The chambers in finished reinforced concrete rings are also the same.

If you plan to make homemade septic tank for a country house, it is advisable to take into account the recommendations of specialists and make design compartments of different sizes:

• Double chamber product: the first chamber is two-thirds of the volume, the second is one third.
• Three-chamber septic tank: the first chamber is half of the total volume, and the second and third are 25% each.

Septic tanks for country houses come in different sizes. The choice of model depends on the number of drains, the volume of which will pass through it. The minimum volume is the amount of waste that can accumulate within three days. The septic tank must have an optimal volume. A large area prevents the uniform distribution of sedimentary masses over the entire surface of the bottom.

Autonomous septic tank for a country house. What is this?

If there is no central sewer system or the connection is difficult for a number of reasons, do not give up. Autonomous septic tank- a rational way out of the current situation.

What does the device look like? The tank for drainage and waste is made of polypropylene. The cleaning process is as follows:

1. The settling tank is filled with wastewater.
2. Next, they are disinfected and cleansed from various impurities.
3. Special bacteria process contaminated wastewater.
4. Mechanical treatment allows you to achieve good purity of wastewater.
5. Purified water is drained into the soil.

The newest generation of autonomous septic tanks allows you to release almost clean water into the soil. In this case, groundwater contamination is excluded.

A septic tank operating autonomously in a country house has a fairly high cost. Drain pit arrange it cheaper. But the obvious advantages of an autonomous wastewater treatment system throughout its entire service life confirm the correctness of the choice. An autonomous septic tank relieves owners from many problems with waste disposal and wastewater disinfection.

Sewer septic tank for a private home: reviews

Many owners of cottages and country houses positively evaluate the use of a septic tank on your own farm.

Andrey, Bryansk: I purchased a Picobell septic tank with a tank volume of 3700 liters. Enough for our family of four. The tank is single chamber. There are no problems at work. I've been using this system for three years now. About cleaning the chambers from silting. It is enough to drain the sludge and wash the chamber once or twice a year, and everything works fine. If the lights are turned off, the system continues to work, although the speed decreases, but still, the process continues! I recommend.

Sergey, Novokuznetsk: I bought a BIOTAL series 4 septic tank and have never regretted my choice. The wastewater settles and is cleaned of bacteria very well. There is practically no smell. I call the vacuum cleaner once a year. It's not expensive. My house is large, 8 people live in it. 4 cubic meters of capacity is enough so that our family is not bothered by the problem of drains. The instructions say that there is a high-quality biological filter inside. This won me over. I am for environmental friendliness.

Rating of the best septic tanks for a country house

• Rosecology.
• City Eco Plast.
• Helix.
• Aqua.
• Topas.
• Bioxi.

Prices for septic tanks for a private (country) house

The cost of septic tank models depends on:

1. Tank volume;
2. Number of cameras;
3. Manufacturing companies;
4. Cleaning technologies;
5. The material from which the structure is made;
6. “Fillings” of the septic tank.

Most Popular the following septic tanks for the private sector:

• Ecopan. 62 thousand -141 thousand. rub;
• Breeze. 58 – 88 thousand rubles;
• Count. 55-75 thousand rubles;
• Biotal. 55-85 thousand rubles;
• Green Rock. 70-200 thousand rubles;
• Eurobion. 56-124 thousand rubles.

Wide selection of products on the market sewerage stations and septic tanks allows home owners to choose a device that will meet all requirements.

When choosing a model, pay attention to the characteristics of various types of septic tanks for installation in a private home, their volume, number of chambers, level of cleaning - and You will forever forget about problems with wastewater treatment and waste disposal.