Astrophysicists from Denmark, Belgium, China and Italy were not excluded superflares on the Sun, capable of destroying most of the living organisms on Earth... Previously, the likelihood of such an event was assessed as negligible.
New research shows that this is not the case. An article by astrophysicists was published in the journal Nature Communications, and briefly reported on the website of the University of Aarhus.
What are superflashes
The most powerful flares observed on the Sun throw enormous energy into the surrounding space. In a few minutes in open space leaves up to a trillion megatons in TNT equivalent. This is about a fifth of the energy emitted by the Sun in one second, and all the energy that a person will produce in a million years (assuming it is produced at a modern rate).
Superflares usually occur on larger stars of spectral types F8 - G8, massive analogs of the Sun (belonging to the G2 class). These luminaries usually rotate slowly around their axis and can be part of a close binary system. The power of superflares exceeds that of the sun by tens of thousands of times.
What scientists have found
Astrophysicists have proven that the Sun can also produce a superflare. In their study, the scientists studied the activity of 5648 sun-like stars, 48 of which had superflares. It turned out that luminaries with superflares are characterized by larger emissions of matter from the chromosphere than the Sun. At least four of the studied stars (KIC 8493735, KIC 9025370, KIC 8552540, and KIC 8396230) had a magnetic field almost identical to the solar one (or slightly less active).
The latter circumstance allowed astrophysicists to assume that solar flares and superflares on other stars have a common nature. Scientists analyzed the data obtained by the Kepler space telescope during the search for exoplanets by the transit method (according to the change in the apparent luminosity of a star when a celestial body passes through its disk). NASA's observatory discovered many superflares in stars four years ago.
A detailed study of the stars was carried out using the world's largest spectral telescope LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope), located in northeastern China near Beijing. The observatory's field of view coincided with the area of the sky surveyed by Kepler. In total, astrophysicists have studied the spectra of about one hundred thousand stars using LAMOST.
Solar flares are classified by their peak X-ray intensity (S-index). The minimum corresponds to peak A, equal to the radiation power less than ten to the minus seventh power of watts per square meter... The maximum is peak X, a thousand times greater than A. Scientists presented graphs of the S-index (using the example of calcium absorption lines) for the stars KIC 8493735, KIC 9025370, KIC 8552540 and KIC 8396230, equal at the time of the superflare 0.15, 0.23, 0 , 30 and 0.34, respectively.
Outbreaks have been registered there, thousands of times more intense than those on the Sun. These stars are similar to the Sun, and their magnetic fields are not stronger than the Sun's. This means that such superflares can occur on our luminary. Their consequences can be detrimental to life on the planet. After all, and known to science strong flares on the sun have done a lot of trouble.
Carrington Event
The abnormally high content of carbon isotopes in the tree's annual rings indicates that a small superflare on the Sun could have occurred in 775 (and also probably in 993). V wood material the isotopes came from the Earth's atmosphere, where they appeared after the bombardment of the planet by a stream of high-energy particles (protons) from the Sun. An alternative explanation suggests that these particles originated in other parts of the Milky Way.
The 775 event could be 10-100 times more intense than the most powerful solar flare that has been recorded so far - the events of Carrington.
In early September 1859, a geomagnetic storm caused the telegraph systems of Europe and North America to fail.
The reason was the powerful coronal mass ejection that reached the planet in 18 hours and was observed on September 1 by the British astronomer Richard Carrington.
LAMOST Observatory
Geo magnetic storms 2003 and 2005 were most likely caused by a solar storm similar to that of 1859. In particular, on October 28, 2003, one of the high-voltage transformers in the Swedish city of Malmö failed, locality... Other countries were also affected by the storm.
What solar flares
A consistent theory describing the formation of solar flares does not yet exist.
Flares occur, as a rule, in places of interaction of sunspots at the border of regions of north and south magnetic polarities.
This leads to a rapid release of the energy of the magnetic and electric fields, which then goes to heating the plasma (increasing the speed of its ions).
The spots are observed as areas of the Sun's surface with a temperature of about two thousand degrees Celsius below the temperature of the surrounding photosphere (about 5.5 thousand degrees Celsius).
In the darkest parts of the sunspot, the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the surface of the Sun, while in the lighter part of the sunspot they are closer to the tangent. The magnetic field strength of such objects exceeds its terrestrial value by a factor of thousands, and the flares themselves are associated with abrupt change local geometry of the magnetic field.
Alternative scenarios
There are three alternative scenarios that explain the occurrence of superflares on stars, in addition to the redistribution of the energy of the magnetic field observed on the Sun. The "star-star" theory assumes the presence of a closely spaced companion star near the star, the magnetospheres of which are temporarily connected by a magnetic force tube. The superflare is the rupture of this tube.
The second scenario, "star-disk", is based on the hypothesis of the existence of a disk of gas and dust around the star. Rotating around the star, at some point, it destroys the magnetic configuration, which initiates a superflare.
The third scenario, "star-planet", speaks of a massive exoplanet near a star. The interaction of celestial bodies is also capable of creating a magnetic tube and lead to its rupture (as in the first scenario) or a change in the polarity of the star due to the intensification of the magnetic dynamo effect.
What to wait
Modern observational tools and theoretical models predict a solar flare in about three days. Several countries have a variety of satellites that track the activity of the star. One of the most powerful stations is the SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) laboratory of NASA. Russia conducted satellite observations of solar activity using the Koronas-Foton apparatus.
Some studies indicate that the significance of solar flares is exaggerated, while others blame them as the cause of the mass extinction of animals. So, in one of the articles it is reported that in the event of a strong outbreak, changes in the magnetic field will not affect the entire planet, only some of its parts, and the simultaneous shutdown of all the Earth's energy systems in the event of even a powerful geomagnetic storm is unlikely.
A class C flare was registered on the Sun on March 23 (not dangerous to humans and a million times weaker than a potentially dangerous superflare). Already on March 24, the magnetic activity on the luminary was minimal. In any case, there is no reason to expect predictable (and pleasant) surprises from the Sun.
MOSCOW, September 8 - RIA Novosti. The plasma cloud, which was formed as a result of a powerful solar flare, has reached the earth. Now the magnetic field of the ejection "burns" the field lines of our planet, according to the report of the Laboratory of X-ray Astronomy of the Sun of the Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences (FIAN).
According to scientists, the plasma cloud came to Earth's orbit about 12 hours earlier than predicted. This means that its speed exceeded the expected one and a half times.
Record solar activity
Strongest surge in 12 years solar activity took place on September 6-8. Several flashes of extreme brightness occurred on the surface of the celestial body. Coronal matter was emitted towards the Earth. On our planet, this phenomenon caused a strong geomagnetic storm, but so far no negative consequences solar flares did not.
The first outbreak occurred on Wednesday, September 6, and was the most powerful in the past 12 years. She was given a score of X9.3. (The previous explosion of such force was recorded on September 7, 2005). The sunspot, on the territory of which the flare occurred, remained active until September 8, it emitted three more medium (M levels) and one strong (X level) flare. The last outbreak, which was as close as possible to level X in strength, occurred at about 11:00 Moscow time.
The shock wave from the first flare reached the Earth much earlier than expected: already at midnight on September 8, a strong (fourth level on a five-point scale) geomagnetic storm began. According to forecasts by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the magnetic storm should end at 18:00 Moscow time.The sunquake and the placebo effect
During the first flare, seismic waves propagated along the surface of the star, which scientists call a sunquake, Alexei Struminsky, a leading researcher at the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, told RIA Novosti.
"The interesting thing about this flare is that at the time of individual flares, a sunquake is observed, when seismic waves propagate across the Sun - they are visible in the images," he said.
According to Struminsky, the consequences of such an outbreak should not bring any harm to health. "There are people who believe in this (the effect of solar flares on health). There are those who do not. If we talk about those who believe, it will affect in the same way as the same flares in previous cycles affected ... Almost no one will notice anything. ", - said the scientist.
He clarified that, despite the strength of the outbreak, only a minor impact will be exerted on the operation of radio communications and satellites.The head of the Moscow Space Club, Ivan Moiseev, has a slightly different opinion. According to him, the outbreak could lead to malfunctions of satellites. Failures should not occur, but temporary equipment failures during geomagnetic storms are a common phenomenon.
And here is the opportunity negative impact Moiseev ruled out outbreaks on people's health. Rather, psychological factors have a harmful effect.
"Such facts scientific research not yet fixed. Theoretically - yes, it is possible, but in practice it has not been proven. It should be understood that the placebo effect in the sensations of people reading news about outbreaks, as well as about spots on the Sun, has a stronger effect on their physical and psycho-emotional state. A person worries, expects troubles - so they happen, "Moiseev believes.
All systems are working normally
Despite the alarming prospects for radio and satellite technology, there have been no reports of equipment failures or serious disruptions. The first that solar flares did not affect control systems in any way was reported in the Strategic Missile Forces.
“A powerful geomagnetic storm caused by a solar flare did not have a significant impact on the operability of the strategic missile forces' combat control systems.<…>The systems make it possible to exclude any influence of external sources on the combat readiness of troops. Paths for communicating orders and collecting reports automated system combat command and control are formed by wire, radio and satellite communication channels and have the necessary survivability and noise immunity, "the Defense Ministry said.The ministry stressed that the orders of the combat control are brought to the launchers directly, bypassing intermediate links, including in conditions of nuclear impact and electronic suppression.
Later, the Ministry of Defense reported that the Russian orbital group harmful effects was not provided.
"A magnetic storm caused by a solar flare did not negative impact to the Russian orbital group and ground control systems spacecraft Space Forces of Russia ", - noted in the Russian military department.
"Duty forces of the ground-based automated control complex carry out communication and control sessions of spacecraft of the Russian orbital group in the normal mode," the Defense Ministry added.
The largest Russian cellular operators the consequences of astronomical phenomena were also not affected.
"Solar flares did not affect the operation of the MTS network in any way," said Dmitry Solodovnikov, press secretary of MTS.
"Megafon's network is operating normally," the operator's press service assured."The Beeline network is operating normally, there is no deterioration in connection with the solar flare," said a representative of VimpelCom.
There was no need to evacuate the international crew of the International space station... In the event of a threat of radiation exposure, cosmonauts and astronauts usually hide in the descent vehicle of the Soyuz spacecraft docked to the station. The Mission Control Center (MCC) reported that the background radiation on the ISS, despite new flares, quickly returned to normal.
Northern lights at unprecedented southern latitudes
That such solar flares can cause northern Lights at latitudes at which it usually does not exist, said Pavel Skripnichenko, an employee of the Department of Astronomy of the Ural Federal University.
"In the Urals, in general, the aurora as such is not observed, because there are enough southern latitudes. Normal auroras, multicolored, which are best known, are observed to the north. But as a result of the strong activity of the Sun in the Urals, at latitudes of about 50-60 degrees, they can be observed here. such red flashes. That is, it is not guaranteed that they will be visible, but they, in principle, can be observed when solar activity is high or when there is a flash, "- said the scientist.
Senior researcher at the Pulkovo Laboratory Sergei Smirnov said that the northern lights may be visible in St. Petersburg as well."In St. Petersburg, the northern lights can be with a high probability, however, due to strong clouds, the townspeople may not see it. For example, now the cloud cover over the city is two tiers. So it is better to observe this phenomenon outside the city," Smirnov said.
According to NOAA forecasts, the northern lights, provoked by powerful solar flares, with a probability of about 50% will reach Moscow on Sunday night.
Nevertheless, Vladimir Surdin, a senior researcher at the Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, believes that large cities are rather poorly suited for observing the aurora borealis. Even if it does reach Moscow, Muscovites will have little chance of observing the amazing phenomenon.
“It is unlikely, since there are clouds over Moscow, and they are unlikely to disappear in the coming nights. such a bright thing, "Surdin told RIA Novosti.
The end of the strongest storm
After several flares of average magnitude (but approaching in values to the boundary of powerful flares), the activity of the Sun dropped to a weak level of class C, it follows from the graph of the Laboratory of X-ray Astronomy of the Sun of the Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences.
The representative of FIAN specified that a magnetic storm of the fourth level on a five-point scale is taking place on Earth. The strength of the event is about 10 times greater than predicted. Canada, now on the night side of the Earth, has strong auroras at high and mid latitudes. The storm is planetary in nature.Scientists note that what happened is a natural result of changes in the solar corona over the past three days. During this period, as a result of the interaction of two large sunspot groups, energy was accumulated, which was released in a large flare. At present, the consequences of this natural phenomenon are difficult to predict with sufficient accuracy.
According to the NOAA forecast, the end of the magnetic storm on Earth is expected at about 18:00 Moscow time.
American conceptual inventor Thomas Leverith in his video talked about the effect of the sun on the skin.
Weak magnetic storms, intensity G1, are expected in the middle of the month, October 11-14. At the same time, according to the Laboratory of X-ray Astronomy of the Sun, on October 24, the magnetic storm will repeat itself from the G1 to G2 level.
Magnetic storms are disturbances of the Earth's magnetic field lasting from several hours to several days. Especially sensitive people on such days may not be in the best condition. This phenomenon has consequences for both humanity and technical devices... A new magnetic storm is expected to affect cellular communication and will increase the likelihood of technical breakdowns.
Magnetic storm can cause malfunctions electronic devices, in particular, communication facilities, and also increases the risk of man-made accidents. In addition, such phenomena can cause discomfort to people with increased meteosensitivity.
In October, the Sun entered its active phase again, so solar flares cause a lot of problems for meteosensitive people. Despite the fact that in 5 days a magnetic storm will reach the Earth, it ...
In the coming days, the solar wind will reach the Earth, which will cause another magnetic storm on October 13-14, reports the Phobos weather center. In addition, on such days, the risk of various man-made accidents increases.
Forecasters explain that the impact of magnetic storms on a person is almost always characterized by poor health, headaches, migraines, heart palpitations, insomnia, and pressure drops. But it is clear that the majority of people endure magnetic storms without even noticing them.
nation-news.ru: Scientists have warned of serious consequences that await people from a powerful solar flare
According to scientists, powerful explosion on the surface of the Sun occurred exactly at the point that looks at the Earth, so people will definitely feel its consequences on themselves….
- In the coming days, a new portion of the solar wind will reach the Earth, which will cause the next magnetic storm, which is expected on October 13-14. At the same time, on October 11-12, as well as on October 15, the Earth's magnetosphere is expected to be disturbed, forecasters report.
Flash in the Sun today latest news... Exclusive.
It is assumed that the storm will begin to show activity as early as October 11, and its peak will be on October 14.
Scientists-ufologists are trying to substantiate that the cyclical nature of solar activity will lead to the death of all life on Earth in the next half of the 100th anniversary. In the near future, an increase in the magnetic field of the Sun will lead to the appearance of radiation that can kill all life on planet Earth. Scientists say that from 2039, the approach of Neptune with the Sun will begin. This period will last until 2055. From 2043, the fiery planet will begin to approach Uranus, which will entail the release of a whole wave of radiation that can burn the entire energy system of the Earth. The earth can also suffer from this phenomenon. And a huge part of them are associated with physical processes directly in the interior of the star.
Doctors advise meteo-dependent people to be extra careful on such days. It is not recommended to get behind the wheel, take the subway, go to the gym, abuse coffee and strong tea. If necessary, you should immediately consult a doctor. The main task is to watch your health and get enough sleep.
Magnetic storms on Earth began on September 6, when the first ejections of solar plasma reached the Earth, following a series of powerful solar flares.
"URA.RU" asked the Yekaterinburg astronomer for a comment, and the Ural specialist refuted this theory.
This phenomenon is provoked by the solar wind, which will be active on Friday and Saturday, October 13 and 14.
A solar flare is about the danger and consequences. Detailed data.
The sun is a huge ball of gas that rotates on its axis. Rotational speed different parts the sun is different: the poles rotate more slowly, and the equator - faster. It turns out that the magnetic field of the Sun, together with the plasma, twists, amplifies and begins to raise it to the surface. Thus, the activity of the sun increases and flares appear. It turns out that the rotation energy of this star is converted into magnetic energy, and where too much energy is released, flares occur.
Recall that the last massive solar flares occurred in the last month. As Sergei Kuzin, head of the Laboratory of X-ray Astronomy of the Sun at the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, told TASS, strong magnetic storms in early autumn were anomalous phenomena and the likelihood of their recurrence is rather low.
Magnetic storms on Earth cause violent reactions in many people. Therefore, people are wondering if there will be magnetic storms in October. Forecasters say that people should get ready to the arrival of storms in October….
Forecasters predict that a series of magnetic storms will soon await the planet. According to scientists, October prepares both minor and powerful storms. The strongest will be held from 11 to 12 October, as well as 15 October. In 13-14 numbers magnetic storms will be insignificant. The reason will be a portion of the solar wind that will reach our planet.
"At the same time on October 11-12, and on October 15, the Earth's magnetosphere is supposed to be outraged," the reporters quote the words of the forecasters.
According to which, in 2039, Neptune will begin to approach the Sun - the phenomenon will last until 2055, and everything would be fine if it were not for Uranus, which will begin to approach the star in 2043. The process will last 16 years. Various magnetic waves demonstrate that the Sun and the Earth, as well as other planets, are connected with each other. And every time the Earth, flying through this zone, will be exposed to strong radiation that can burn the Earth's energy system, built by people.
Scientists warned of a two-day magnetic storm on Tuesday: due to the activity of the solar wind on October 13 and 14, a geomagnetic disturbance is expected on Earth. It is reported that in the coming days, the Earth's population will feel the newest portion of the solar wind, which will cause a magnetic storm. On such days, you should be especially careful about your body and take proactive measures recommended by your doctor.
svpressa.ru: A new powerful flare occurred on the Sun
Russian scientists from the Laboratory of X-ray Astronomy of the Sun of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences recorded a new powerful flare on the Sun. The flare was recorded on the evening of September 7. Second outbreak assigned the highest activity class - X. According to experts, the approximate size of plasma clouds in Earth's orbit ...
The solar wind should reach the Earth very soon, forecasters predicted. The growth of man-made disasters is not excluded. Although in Chelyabinsk during this period clear and warm weather is expected, honey. staff are advised to be especially careful about their health. At the moment, as then, the quality of communication may deteriorate, the likelihood of man-made disasters increases, and besides, weather-sensitive people will feel a deterioration in their well-being.
Flash in the sun photo. Latest details.
These days, meteorologists advise people to be extra careful. Storms lead to malfunctions of communication systems and electronic devices, increasing the risk of accidents. People with increased sensitivity to weather changes can feel serious discomfort in psycho-emotional terms. During this period, there is an increased number of people suffering from headaches, migraines, pressure drops, heart palpitations and those who are trying to defeat insomnia
Forecasters warn the citizens of Russia that in the coming days the likelihood of man-made accidents and disasters is growing. Electromagnetic worries will subside only by the end of the week and the storm will end on Sunday 15 October. The main symptoms are the appearance of headaches, palpitations, insomnia and pressure drops.
Scientists studying the cycles of solar activity sound the alarm - everything indicates that in a few decades our star will 100% destroy energy system Earth. It was reported that solar flares allegedly overlap each other every time, which can lead to catastrophic consequences.
A series of solar flares began on September 4. The plasma ejected by the Sun began to "burn" the lines of the Earth's magnetic field.
It became known that scientists have informed about the newest date of the End of the World. After all, her outbursts are superimposed on each other every time, which can lead to disastrous consequences. When major planets begin to approach the Sun, its magnetic fields increase, and a powerful emission of radiation occurs. As a result, the Sun will be several hundred thousand kilometers closer to our planet, and therefore the heat of the star will "wash away" the Earth's atmosphere.
Due to flares in the sun, a large number of plasma, which forms a kind of clouds. They move with the help of the wind and are directed towards the Earth, burning its field and causing magnetic storms.
In the middle of the 21st century, the Sun can kill the Earth with a lethal dose of radiation. As noted, from 2039, Neptune and the Sun will begin to converge, sending massive radiation waves that will destroy everything in their path. This period will last until 2055. In addition, from 2043, the star will approach Uranus, which is fraught with the release of a wave of radiation that can actually burn the Earth's energy system. From 2043, the fiery planet will begin to approach Uranus, which will entail the release of a whole wave of radiation that can burn the entire energy system of the Earth.
A magnetic storm can affect the operation of communications, these days the likelihood of some technical breakdowns and accidents usually increases, many people, especially sensitive ones, feel discomfort.
Flash in the Sun video. Urgent news.
