Floors in a house made of aerated concrete are usually made using an armored belt. Despite all the unique advantages of aerated concrete, the strength of the blocks is too low to build houses from aerated concrete higher than two or three floors. The ceiling on aerated concrete walls is mounted on a designed reinforced concrete belt running along the entire contour of the enclosing walls at the plinth level, under each interfloor ceiling and under the roof. Armored belts are necessary for an aerated concrete house not only as supports for beam systems. The floors of the house carry and redistribute the loads on the load-bearing structures of the walls, and aerated concrete has the disadvantage of fragility. Supporting beams on light porous blocks can lead to local punching, therefore, regardless of the type of ceiling, reinforced belts are performed, including in order to enhance the spatial rigidity of the structure.

Requirements for floors of houses made of aerated concrete take into account the insufficient compressive strength of aerated concrete (due to the cellular structure of the blocks). The overlap should provide:

• Optimal strength and rigidity (no deflection);
• The safety factor is plus the calculated load, including forces from people, furniture and all equipment on the floor, plus the own weight of the ceiling and the walls above;
• Fire safety of the home;
• Comfortable level of sound insulation.

Types of floors for aerated concrete houses:

• Slab;
• Monolithic;
• Prefabricated monolithic;
• Beam - on wooden or metal beams.

Various types of ceilings of modern cottages, modern and expressive - hipped, coffered, arched, brick vaults and others - are too structurally complex and uneconomical for aerated block houses.

The difference between an aerated concrete house is necessity reinforced belts for any area, even if seismic phenomena in the construction area are completely excluded. The beam floor, regardless of the material of the beams, is always equipped with an armored belt. The first stage of constructing an armored belt is checking the exact horizontalness of the upper cut load-bearing walls, which is unrealistic in practice. All defects are eliminated by washing aerated concrete material until complete leveling, then the overlap is performed according to technology.

Interfloor ceilings in a house made of aerated concrete

Any type of overlap is possible, subject to load calculations. The optimal floor for an aerated concrete house is considered to be a similar floor made from factory-made autoclaved aerated concrete slabs. But classic wooden beam floors are still more popular.

Floor slabs in aerated concrete house

The difference in the mass of traditional hollow and ribbed reinforced concrete slabs with aerated concrete slabs also determines the choice. For quick construction At home, a prefabricated floor is optimal if the following conditions exist:

• You can drive up to the construction site, drive up special equipment, there is an area for storing slabs;
• The house's plan is simple - without curved walls, which are possible for aerated concrete block masonry, and the spans are up to 6.0 m.

The slabs are mounted along the reinforced belt (options for brick cushions under the slab floor are possible if calculations are available). The slabs are being monolied cement-sand mortar, the ends of the ceiling are thermally insulated.

Monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete

A complex and labor-intensive monolithic floor is justified for unique buildings made of aerated concrete, complex in plan and/or with curved walls. Concrete is made using lightweight aggregates (polystyrene, vermiculite), reinforced frame, usually at least two meshes - lower and upper. High-quality formwork for the ceiling is also required, preferably inventory formwork. Homemade formwork from boards and panels requires control of deflection and careful insulation, and is usually used locally, in small, difficult areas. The total thickness of the floor is 150-200 mm, depending on the span, and each cm of thickening will greatly affect the overall load on the aerated concrete walls.

Professional calculation for monolithic floors – required condition. In addition, in order to reduce and redistribute loads, the design is changed: not a flat floor, but a ribbed one - with beams and thin layers concrete pouring. But this option is closer to a monolithic beam floor, since the forces are absorbed by the ribs-beams. The formwork is permanent and includes reinforcing metal profile sheets. Concrete pouring must be continuous, cold joints are excluded. As for the labor intensity of manufacturing such a ribbed monolithic floor, it is considerable, as is the cost, but for long-span cottages (9.0 m or more) this expensive type of non-standard floor is quite justified.

Advantages of monolithic floors:

• By bearing capacity- more than enough;
• You can cover any span, configuration, even fancy buildings;
• For a span of more than 6.0 m, when additional columns or racks are not planned, a monolith is the only solution.

To the disadvantages of monolithic concrete floors include:

• The long process of concrete hardening and strength gain is at least 28 days. We are no longer talking about quick construction.
• Load calculations are an indispensable condition, and qualified and accurate.
• Without special equipment and custom ready-mixed concrete High Quality not enough. Automixers, concrete pump, equipment for vibrating concrete - a significant increase in construction costs.
• Constant monitoring of the concrete strengthening process, care and creation of heat and humidity conditions. Whether in cold weather or in the summer heat, a thin monolithic ceiling in a private construction environment is extremely costly both in terms of finances and labor. Optimal construction time in middle lane– end of summer, beginning of autumn.
• The resulting high cost of overlapping.

Beam floors

A house made of aerated blocks, which has a standard configuration and distances between load-bearing walls of up to 6.0 m, is traditionally covered with beams with flooring - metal or wood. Rolled metal for beams is quite an expensive material and requires careful anti-corrosion treatment, and the installation of heavy profiles requires special equipment. Therefore, a wooden beam floor for a house made of aerated concrete is still the leader among private builders. Important advantage wooden flooring - the possibility of independent work.

Aerated concrete blocks are rightfully considered the most innovative material for the construction of cottages, dachas and houses. The blocks themselves do not weigh much compared to bricks, have good geometry, and are placed on glue for cellular blocks, which is why the construction load-bearing structures doesn't take up large quantities time.

But aerated concrete also has a minus - due to its low strength, when pressure is applied to it from floors, the walls can crack. For this reason, when constructing floors in such houses, an armored belt is required. Next we will talk about wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete.

Advantages and disadvantages compared to floor slabs

Wooden beams boast their lightness and ease of installation. There is a misconception that light wooden floors do not require a reinforcing layer. This is fundamentally wrong.
Important! For aerated concrete walls Regardless of the type of ceiling, an armored belt is always required!

In the case of wooden floors, its construction will distribute the load from the beams along the entire perimeter of the walls and prevent cracking of aerated concrete from point loads.

Pros wooden beams are:

1. Environmentally friendly, since wood is a renewable natural material.
2. Small mass.
3. Low thermal conductivity compared to concrete structures.
4. Low price compared to other types of floors.
5. Large assortment to choose from.
6. Easy to install beams.

Wood also has its downsides:

1. Fragility. Sooner or later even the most good overlaps may begin to rot.
2. Low strength - wood will not be able to withstand as much weight as a concrete floor could.
3. Flammability (natural materials are highly flammable).

Important! Despite such significant negative qualities, wood is still chosen much more often, and here’s why: special compositions for impregnating wood can extend its service life and protect it from rotting and fire. And low strength is eradicated by using more beams and reducing the laying step.

Now let's look at concrete floors and their disadvantages:

1. The first and most significant disadvantage is the high cost of concrete flooring. Not only are the floors themselves expensive, but their installation and transportation will require special equipment(tap). So you will have to pay a certain amount of money for installation. Wooden floors do not have this disadvantage - you can install them yourself. If the beams are small, then two or three people will be enough. The heavier and more massive they are, the more people will have to be involved.
2. High weight. We have already said that installation will require special equipment. You will also need a more expensive foundation.

Types of beams, advantages and disadvantages of each type

To build floors between floors of a building, I usually use only three types of wooden beams:

1. Solid.
2. Glued.
3. I-beams.

Let's figure out which of them are most suitable specifically for each design, highlight the disadvantages and advantages of each type.

Made from solid timber

Beams from solid timber They are distinguished by their strength, but are inferior in terms of the maximum possible length. To prevent the beam from bending over time, It is recommended not to install it longer than 5 meters. That is, timber floors are suitable only for small houses.

One of the significant disadvantages is that without proper treatment, the floors may begin to rot and become moldy over time. The risk of fire should not be excluded.

Attention! For large structures, experts recommend using floors made from other types of beams.

From laminated veneer lumber

Beams made of laminated veneer lumber have one undeniable advantage - their length without bending can reach 12 meters.

Glued beams have the following advantages:

1. Particular strength.
2. Ability to cover spans up to 12 meters.
3. Small mass.
4. More long term services.
5. Do not deform over time.
6. Relatively fireproof compared to conventional timber.

However, such material costs much more.

Wooden I-beams

I-beams considered one of the most durable and reliable due to the profile shape, because they consist of several layers, each of which is protected by various impregnations.

The advantages of I-beams include:

1. High strength and rigidity due to its shape.
2. No deflections.
3. Quiet operation - structures do not creak when pressure is applied to them, unlike other types of floors.
4. The material does not crack or dry out over time.
5. Easy to install.

Calculation of the required cross-section depending on the span length and loads, laying pitch

The number of beams, their dimensions, and installation pitch depend directly on the area of ​​the room and the expected loads. Most experts believe that the optimal load on floors is 0.4 tons per square meter area (400 kg/m2). This load includes the weight of the beam itself, the weight of the rough and finishing floor covering on top and the ceiling below, insulation, communications, as well as furniture and people.

Advice! The best cross-section for rectangular wooden beams is considered to have a height to width ratio of 1.4:1.

The cross-section also depends on what kind of wood the floors are made of. Now let's give average recommended values ​​for a laying step of 60 cm:

• If the span is 2 meters, then the minimum cross-section should be 7.5 by 10 cm.
• With a span length of 2 and a half meters, the beam should have dimensions of 7.5 by 15 cm.
• If the span is three meters, then it is customary to use beams 7.5 by 20 cm.
• With a beam length of 4 and 4.5 m, it is customary to use them with a section of 10 by 20 cm.
• To build a five-meter floor, crossbars with a section of 125 by 200 mm are used.
• The six-meter ceiling is made of beams measuring 15 by 20 cm.

If the step increases, then the cross-section of the beam should also be increased.
Here is a table of sections of wooden floor beams depending on the span and installation pitch, with a load of 400 kg/m2:

span (m)/ installation pitch (m)
0,6	75x100	75x150	75x200	100x200	100x200	125x200	150x225
1,0	75x150	100x150	100x175	125x200	150x200	150x225	175x250

If you do not plan to load the floors (in the case of a non-residential attic for storing light items), then lower load values ​​from 150 to 350 kg/m2 are acceptable. Here are the values ​​for an installation pitch of 60 cm:

Loads, kg/linear m	Section of beams with span length, m
150
200
250
350

Also, for example, you can replace one beam with a section of 100x200 with two boards 50x200, sewn together with bolts or nails every meter. They do this for various reasons:

• beams with the required cross-section are not available for sale;
• boards with a smaller cross-section weigh lighter, so they can be lifted to the top alone and fastened there.

Types of floors

Nowadays, only three types of floors are mainly used:

1. Beam - consists of beams.
2. Ribbed - beams laid on an edge.
3. Beam-ribbed.

The first option is standard, it is for this that the section dimensions were described. Ribbed and beam-ribbed floors are practically not used at present due to the increased work time and complexity of the design, so we will not dwell on them.

Installation work

The main stage is, of course, the installation of beams. He means competent preparation still at the construction stage of the first floor.

At first the wood should be pre-treated with a fire-fighting compound, as well as an anti-rotting liquid(this must be done with the entire crossbar). This must be done immediately after purchase. If the material will lie for some time before laying, it needs to be rearranged: a row of beams, then 3-4 bars across, then next row. This will allow the board to ventilate and dry out. This will prevent mold from appearing.

The part of the beam embedded in the wall should also be coated:

1. Bitumen or primer.
2. Ruberoid, roofing felt or glassine.
3. Liquid waterproofing agent consisting of bitumen.
4. Linocrom.

This is done due to the fact that wood in contact with concrete and blocks can absorb moisture and begin to rot over time.

Reference. For aerated concrete, an operating humidity content of 3-5% is considered normal. No matter how dry the blocks may seem, direct contact of wood with this material is unacceptable.

The beam must be embedded into the load-bearing wall at least 12 cm. The ends are cut at an angle of 70 degrees to ensure moisture removal.

Attention! Cut off the end of the beam waterproofing material no need. Otherwise, access to moisture evaporation will be blocked. Required to leave small air gap between the end of the beam and the wall.

Beams are laid on a reinforced surface (to enhance the strength of the structure). Instead of an armored belt, some manufacturers in small houses allow a 6x60 mm metal strip to be supported on aerated concrete with a lining.

The beams are fastened to the reinforced belt in houses made of gas silicate using anchor bolts.

To insulate the street side, insulation can be placed in front of the beam. As a rule, the outer ends of beams with outside insulated with polystyrene foam.

Filling the voids between the laid beams is done with gas blocks. Gaps of 2–3 cm are left between the gas silicate and the timber. They are tightly packed with mineral wool, thus preventing the formation of condensation and dampening of the beams.

Don't forget to consider the placement of the stairs to the second floor, since the opening must be provided immediately:

Well, that's all, the floors are ready. Now you can begin the subsequent finishing.

Post-installation finishing

Once the construction of the slab is completed, it is recommended to wait before starting to produce finishing work so that the beams shrink. It is recommended to “hide” the ceilings behind a fine finish before the onset of cold weather so that they are not exposed to humid weather conditions.

It is also necessary to make a roof. If this cannot be accomplished before winter, then the entire structure should be covered with film or awning material, including the windows, so that moisture does not enter the building. But it is still recommended to leave small through gaps so that there is optimal level humidity.

Now directly to the post-installation finishing. First, a rough ceiling is made from the bottom of the ceiling. It can also be made from plywood if, for example, a suspended ceiling is to be erected in the future.

Important! You should start from the bottom of the beam, since insulation is usually placed between the ceiling and the floor, which also acts as sound insulation.

After installing the ceiling, insulation and vapor barrier (if necessary) are placed on top. For example, if the upper and lower floors will be constantly heated, then insulation is not necessary. But it should be noted that insulation also works as sound insulation. If the second floor is an attic, then you definitely need to insulate it - otherwise the heat will escape.

After laying the insulation, you can lay the subfloor (it will help in the further construction of the building, since you will not have to install scaffolding).

Finishing must be done after windows appear in the house and it shrinks.

Wooden interfloor ceilings are one of the most optimal solutions. After all, wooden beams are strong, lightweight and at the same time cheap. They are easy to install and do not put unnecessary pressure on the walls. Main, make the calculations correctly and be sure to process the wooden structure.

To increase the strength of the structure, you can use metal I-beams instead of wood. In this case, you will need a crane for installation. And metal costs more than wood. And if you are ready for such expenses, then isn’t it easier to opt for hollow-core floor slabs? Since the main advantage of overlapping wooden beams in an aerated concrete house is cost savings.

Aerated concrete is quite warm and lightweight material. Its increasing popularity is explained by the fact that aerated concrete blocks retain heat well and have a low cost. But it is important to remember that this material does not have high strength. This must be taken into account when choosing other supporting structures. If we talk about floors, then wooden floors in such a house made of aerated concrete will be the best option.

Types of structures

To divide the interfloor space, the following types of structures can be used:

• ceiling on beams;
• slab floor;
• monolithic ceiling.

The use of heavy metal or reinforced concrete elements is undesirable, so flooring over wooden beams is the most common and reasonable option.

Precast concrete

Reinforced concrete floor support scheme

TO positive aspects This type of construction can be classified as:

• high installation speed;
• reliability and strength;
• non-flammability.

Disadvantages of this type a lot more. They are especially noticeable during the construction of a private house made of aerated concrete:

• limited number of standard sizes;
• large mass of elements;
• the need to use lifting equipment;
• impossibility of use in complex room shapes;
• the need for large area for storage.

In addition, heavy reinforced concrete floors increase the load on the walls and foundations of the house, which significantly reduces the savings achieved through the use of aerated concrete.

Monolithic reinforced concrete

Monolithic ceiling allows it to be used indoors complex shapes and with non-standard spans. There are two types of such floors for a private house:

• on wooden beams and moisture-resistant plywood;
• on metal beams and profiled sheets.

The second is immediately eliminated for an aerated concrete house due to the high mass and too large differences in the characteristics of the material. Monolithic flooring using wooden beams is suitable for buildings with small spans, since with increasing distances between walls, the thickness of the concrete layer increases.

The construction of concrete floors of considerable thickness creates too much stress on fragile aerated concrete walls.

TO positive characteristics This type of construction can be classified as:

• the ability to fill an area of ​​any shape;
• no need for complex technology;
• strength and reliability.

The disadvantages include:

• labor intensity of the process;
• installation of formwork and special support posts is required;
• complexity of technological modes when laying the mixture;
• large mass of the structure.

Wooden

Installation of beams

TO positive qualities wooden floors include:

• low cost;
• small weight;
• the ability to give the design various configurations;
• ease of installation;
• no need for complex technology.

The features of this material include the need for two types of special treatment using fire retardants and antiseptics. The former protect the tree from fire, and the latter prevent damage from fungus or mold. This is especially important when constructing the ceiling of the first floor in the presence of a cold basement or underground and attic floor in a cold attic. In both of these cases wooden structures contact with cold air and condensation may form on them, which leads to damage by microorganisms.

Floor installation using wooden beams

Supporting wooden beams on aerated concrete walls

The main load-bearing element of such a structure is a wooden beam, which transfers the payload and the load of the floor structure to the walls. There are three options:

• beam;
• ribbed;
• beam-ribbed.

When designing a beam, the greatest attention is paid to the load-bearing element. To select the correct cross-section, specialists perform calculations of strength and rigidity. The construction of such structures in a private house allows for an approximate selection of the cross-section of the beams. It depends on the step load-bearing elements. With a step of 0.6 m, the following values ​​can be given:

• 75 by 100 mm with a span of 2 m;
• 75 by 150 mm with a span of 2.5 m;
• 75 by 200 mm – 3 m;
• 100 by 200 mm – 4-4.5 m;
• 125 by 200 mm – 5mm;
• 150 by 200 mm – 6 m.

If the beam spacing is larger, the values ​​should be increased.
In general, the attic floor pie looks like this:

• load-bearing beams;
• logs;
• boardwalk;
• clean floor.

When installing a basement or ceiling last floor when they come into contact with cold air, insulation is placed between the joists. In this case, it becomes necessary to install a vapor barrier layer on the side warm air and protection from moisture from the cold side.

An important point is the fastening load-bearing beams to the walls. The depth of support is taken to be at least 12 cm. When there is contact between materials of different structures, it is necessary to provide a layer of waterproofing: the ends of the beams are covered with waterproofing material. As waterproofing you can use:

• bitumen mastic;
• roofing felt;
• roofing felt (obsolete material);
• hydroisol;
• linochrome

The beam should not be fixed rigidly. Sometimes for this purpose a bevel at an angle of 70 degrees is provided at the end.

To distribute the load evenly, small wooden plates are installed under the beam support points. They should be wider than the supporting beam.

The beams are installed simultaneously with the construction of the walls. First you need to lay the outermost elements and check their evenness using building level and straight long board. After making sure that they are horizontal, install the remaining bars.

At correct installation and careful processing of wooden horizontal elements can achieve a very long service life and high reliability. For a house made of aerated concrete, this type of structure will become great solution at a reasonable price.

Depending on the characteristics of the building, the flooring materials are most often concrete and metal, while wood is increasingly receding into the background due to its lower strength. However, besides this drawback, it has other advantages that can be significantly enhanced in symbiosis with aerated concrete structures.

This combination is almost ideal, both in terms of material and labor costs, and in relation to the requirements for the reliability of the structure. Both aerated concrete and wood are not high-strength materials, but if properly reinforced with reinforcement, they can easily ensure the reliability and stability of the structure.

Types of wooden floors

1. Standard beams.

They are a system of monolithic or laminated wood beams, on top of which they lay rough coating floors in the form of transverse boards, heated floors and other coverings.

The dimensions of such elements reach up to 400 mm in height, 200 mm in width and up to 15 m in length.

In cases where the base of the floor is connected to one or two or more walls, it is not laid from a separate 5 m beam, but one beam 15 m long is installed, centering it and strengthening it with additional spacer elements. Such monolithic technology construction is only possible with multiple supporting walls.

2. Lightweight ribbed

Such details are used infrequently, but they are indispensable when building a house from a wood frame.

Their main feature is that the cladding and ribs are laid at intervals of only 30-50 cm.

Their length is limited to 5 meters and width to 30 centimeters. Coverings from them are sheathed different materials: plywood, chipboard plates, and sometimes steel tape.

To soundproof structures made from them, it is mandatory to use mineral wool. For aerated concrete buildings, their use is rational only in relation to the design features of one separate room.

3. Beam-ribbed

They are a combination of the first two types, by using both beams and ribs in one structure.

In this case, the ribs are installed across the beams, which in this case are needed an order of magnitude smaller due to a more uniform distribution of the load.

In this case, less wood is consumed, but the installation process is slightly more complicated compared to the previous two options.

General rules for the construction of wooden floors

In the case of buildings made of aerated concrete, the correct technology for laying wood is no less important a factor in ensuring the stability and durability of the building than the blocks themselves. If it is violated, there is a possibility of displacement of the geometry and uniform distribution of the load between all structural elements, which in the worst case can lead to partial or complete collapse of the building.

1. To prevent this, during the construction process it is necessary to strictly follow the following rules for the installation of wooden structures: Beams are installed into aerated concrete walls directly during the construction process, before finishing work is carried out. To find out required quantity beams, their installation intervals and
2. optimal sizes nests-recesses are arranged in it, so that their depth is equal to half the thickness of the entire wall. If it is necessary to organize a through nest, it must be covered with insulation with vapor-proof characteristics.
3. The external beams located at the edges of the walls are always installed first. They are leveled using a level and a long, flat board, which is passed along the beams, placing it on the edge. To neutralize their distortions, pieces of boards of suitable thickness are placed under individual logs. Thus, the outer beams become reference beams, and the intermediate elements are aligned along them, using the same straight board, the ends of which rest on the already adjusted outer parts.
4. The base for the subfloor on the floor is laid out with timber no more than 50 mm thick, fixing it with self-tapping screws. A thin, unplaned subfloor board is laid on top. Its elements are laid across the main beams and fixed to the beam with self-tapping screws. Wood parts intended for floor construction must undergo antiseptic treatment before installation.
5. Before constructing a floor covering on beam floors, layers of vapor and waterproofing materials are first laid on them. For example, polystyrene foam is laid in overlapping strips, after which all joints between its segments are covered with tape. On top of it lies insulation slabs in the form of ecowool, expanded clay or the same foamed polystyrene, and finally the finishing of the floor itself. It is not recommended to use it as heavy materials , like lil porcelain tiles. Perfect option

regarding weight, reliability and durability - parquet or regular wooden board.

Floor installation

After preparing all the materials, tools and erecting load-bearing walls, you can begin the installation of floors, which is carried out in several stages.

1. Stage one - design calculation The shortest room size is always taken as the starting point.

The cross-sectional size of the base determines the installation step-interval. As a rule, it corresponds to one meter. For initial timber Especially necessary is the most even surface, which will not allow it to be fixed even with a slight tilt in horizontal plane

. The beam is selected so that it can withstand a load of more than 400 kg per square meter of its area.

Parts with a ratio of 1.5 to 1 are suitable in terms of height to width ratio. Equip floors in gas conditions it is necessary with a margin, so the beams are selected a little longer than necessary according to calculations, and then the excess is sawed off using a regular hacksaw.

2. Stage two – preparation for installation

Even at the stage of wall construction, it is necessary to make special openings in aerated concrete blocks into which covering elements will be inserted. The opening spacing corresponds to the beams and is made every meter, 300 mm deep, and 300 mm wide or more, depending on the characteristics of the beam.

After installation, the end of the ceiling is not filled with anything to prevent wood rotting. It is strictly forbidden to install a load-bearing beam adjacent to a parallel wall.

3. Stage three - floor covering

This operation itself implies a clear sequence of manipulations:

1. One day before installation, all wood elements are prepared for installation by treating them with antiseptic and fire-resistant compounds, excluding the end surfaces.
2. The beams are measured, if necessary, sawing off the excess with a hacksaw, so that on both sides of the installation there is a margin of up to 450 mm from the dimensions of the room. It is necessary to saw off the excess at an angle of 60 degrees to ensure a trapezoidal cut, which, due to its geometry, provides a more reliable fixation in the wall.
3. Install the external beams, adjusting their position according to the level, centering them with a flat board across the direction of laying. The ends of the beam elements should not abut the aerated concrete walls - a gap of 30-50 mm must be provided for their ventilation.
4. After aligning all the beams and adjusting their position, each of them is fixed using dry crushed stone.
5. Finally, the planting nests in the aerated concrete walls are walled up with a solution of cement and crushed stone.
6. As it sets cement mixture start organizing thermal insulation using polystyrene foam, expanded clay, ecowool and other materials.
7. Next, a layer of waterproofing is laid down in the form liquid rubber, mastics, polyurea, polymer varnishes, resins and other materials.
8. Upon completion waterproofing works, using self-tapping screws, they install logs - timber, which is the basis for laying the floorboard.
9. Top on floorboard– rough covering of the floor, lay it with a decorative covering.
10. The ceiling performs two functions at once - floor and ceiling. To equip the second, similar operations are performed, including heat and waterproofing. However, in this case, the logs need to be much less massive, because they will only need to withstand the weight of the finished ceiling covering.
11. Advantages and disadvantages of wooden floors.

Pros:

• Relatively low price, since wood is one of the most affordable building materials. Despite the use of wood best breeds, which has undergone several stages of processing, the price of the final structure made from it will in any case be cheaper than the option based on reinforced concrete.
• Minimum weight characterizes wood material as not very durable, but this property is completely neutralized by the combination with aerated concrete structures, which do not create an increased load, unlike brick buildings, which means a structure with wooden elements does not lose strength. Therefore, combining two not the most durable, but inexpensive, lightweight and very easy to install and operate materials is extremely beneficial.
• Ease of use. Unlike concrete structures, installation costs and restrictions are minimal. The tree does not require “wet” operations and is not limited by the time of year. Therefore, structures made from it can be installed both in winter and in summer. Adjusted for winter frosts when organizing a reinforcing belt for earthquake-prone regions.

Minuses:

• Restrictions on use. Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses do not always provide sufficient structural reliability. For example, in multi-storey buildings with a third and subsequent floors, wood cannot be used on construction sites where seismicity exceeds 8 points.
• Low durability. Over time, a tree sooner or later loses its original performance characteristics. All sorts of impregnations and compounds that are used to pre-treat it will slow down this process. But even if an entire beam rots, its replacement is not an impossible or extremely complex and expensive operation and cannot be compared with the problems of restoring reinforced concrete floors.

1. When choosing a wood section, preference should be given to a more powerful element, since otherwise it will not be possible to compensate for their excessive weakness, even by making a solid palisade out of them in the ceiling.
2. For multi-storey buildings, it is recommended to lay wooden floors between floors not directly on aerated concrete blocks, but on a reinforced concrete reinforcing belt mounted around the entire perimeter of the building.
3. For laying a reinforcing belt and installing beams, the most suitable are special U-shaped blocks, which must be calculated and ordered separately.
4. The attic floor is subject to minimal loads, so you can seriously save on it by eliminating reinforcement and flooring. To move around the attic, it is enough to lay bridges between the joists.

Aerated concrete is used to construct buildings, the strength of which is determined by a number of factors. It is necessary to take into account the quality of the material used and decide on the design of the interfloor structure. When thinking about constructing a floor for the lower floor in a house or forming a reinforced concrete base over a basement, you should figure out how to make floors in a house from aerated concrete. It is important to take into account the dimensions of the beams, the magnitude of the load on the load-bearing beams and form a reinforced concrete base of the required thickness. Let's consider what methods are used to install slabs.

Requirements for the installation of reinforced concrete floors for buildings made of aerated concrete

Floors for a house made of aerated concrete are critical elements of the building. After all, the safety margin of aerated blocks does not allow the construction of buildings with a height of more than three floors, and aerated concrete is inferior in strength characteristics to ordinary concrete. That is why a set of requirements are imposed on the floors of aerated concrete buildings.

The interfloor structure must have the following properties:

An important point is the uniform distribution of loads transmitted by the floor slabs or the surface of the support beam to the main walls. To enhance the rigidity of the structure and equalize the forces, an armored belt is constructed on aerated concrete. It is necessary for any wall thickness. Reinforced concrete edging around the perimeter of the box prevents cracking of the blocks on which the floor beams rest.

About the arrangement of interfloor ceilings - choosing the optimal option

When thinking about constructing an enclosing structure above the basement of the building and between floors, developers have to look for an answer to the question: “Which floors are best for a house made of aerated concrete?” Some believe that optimal solution is a wooden floor, characterized by its low weight, affordable price and maintainability. The main argument for choosing this option is the ease of installation of wooden beams.

However, there are limitations:

• the permissible interval between walls is only 6 m;
• wood needs antiseptic treatment;
• the beams do not have the necessary fire resistance;
• mold and fungal colonies may form on beams.

That is why it is advisable to give preference to a floor formed on a metal profile, or to choose an interfloor structure made of reinforced concrete.

For the construction of houses made of aerated concrete, both prefabricated and monolithic structures floors

When choosing an option, it is important to take into account the results of the load calculation, as well as the following factors:

• functional purpose of the building being constructed;
• distance between main walls;
• number of floors of the future building;
• the magnitude of the forces acting on the ceiling;
• variable and constant loads;
• properties of the building materials used;
• material and section size of floor beams.

It is advisable to entrust the choice of covering option professional builders who will develop project documentation and perform the necessary calculations correctly.

How to make floors in a house made of aerated concrete - recommendations from professionals

Regardless of the design features of the floor for an aerated concrete house, the general algorithm for constructing an interfloor structure includes the following steps:

• select the floor design based on the results of strength calculations;
• use high-quality building materials;
• lay the beams in the prepared grooves on the aerated concrete walls;
• control the horizontality of the structure using a level;
• waterproof the overlapping structure with roofing felt or polyethylene;
• use sheet heat insulator to reduce heat losses;
• carry out installation in strict accordance with technology.

To ensure a long service life of the overlapping structure, it is important to choose the right type of overlapping and comply with the requirements of the technology.

Features and types of floors for an aerated concrete house

Each type of interfloor covering has its own characteristics.

For a building built from aerated concrete blocks, we use the following options overlapping structures:

Let us dwell in more detail on each overlap option.

Prefabricated floors made from standard slabs for aerated concrete buildings

Using standard floor slabs for a house made of aerated concrete, it is easy to build a dividing structure above the basement of the building, as well as between floors, in a limited time. The number of reinforced concrete panels is determined overall dimensions buildings. It is important to choose the right slabs taking into account the span. In this case, the size of the supporting surface on the aerated concrete wall must be at least 15 cm according to the requirements building codes and rules.

Floors made of reinforced concrete slabs are one of the most economical options

Panels are used to form the ceiling various designs and sizes:

• smooth, the length of which is 6 m. The thickness of smooth slabs, depending on the design, reaches 20 cm;
• ribbed, with a length increased to 9 m. The height of the ribbed panel for an aerated concrete house does not exceed 30 cm.

Laying is carried out on the planned surface of aerated concrete walls. Fits on the end plane thin layer cement mixture.

Advantages of the prefabricated version:

• accelerated pace of installation work;
• increased design reliability;
• long service life;
• high noise insulation performance;
• thermal insulation characteristics;
• acceptable level of costs.

Design disadvantages:

• impossibility of performing work without lifting equipment;
• the need to select panels in accordance with the dimensions of the building;
• additional costs for transporting heavy products.

To improve the thermal insulation and noise protection characteristics, the internal cavities in the slabs are filled with mineral wool.

Solid ceiling for walls made of aerated concrete blocks

The monolithic ceiling is constructed directly on construction site. The process of erecting a solid structure is quite labor-intensive, however, it is indispensable for non-standard configurations of the structure. Developers are attracted by the fact that the monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete does not have connecting seams and is different flat surface.

Monolithic ceiling is also acceptable

Sequence of actions for the construction of a monolithic version:

1. Assemble the formwork for pouring a single slab.
2. Install support posts and seal the gaps between the panels.
3. Tie and place the reinforcement cage inside the formwork.
4. Prepare concrete mortar to the required extent.
5. Perform concreting, ensuring a layer thickness of 150-200 mm.
6. Spread the concrete evenly over the surface and compact it.
7. Plan the top plane of the reinforced concrete slab.

The technology allows the use of metal profiles for the construction of formwork, which greatly simplifies the work and allows the formation of a flat ceiling surface.

Advantages of a one-piece design:

• increased load capacity;
• Possibility of filling with increased distance between supports;
• no joint areas and perfect flatness.

TO weaknesses relate:

• increased labor intensity of work;
• long construction cycle associated with concrete hardening;
• increased spending;
• the need to use a concrete pump;
• the difficulty of performing work at subzero temperatures.

The one-piece option is in demand when it is necessary to concrete the floor of a building of a non-standard shape.

Prefabricated monolithic version of the ceiling for the construction of the ceiling of the first floor

Prefabricated monolithic technology allows you to form floors different ways:

Prefabricated monolithic structures are a justified material for floors

• by laying standard slabs followed by reinforcement and concreting of the surface layer;
• placing polystyrene concrete blocks between parallel-laid beams with further reinforcement and pouring concrete.

The second method is more preferable, which does not require the use of lifting equipment. It has a number of advantages:

• ease of implementation of technological requirements;
• increased strength of the monolithic prefabricated structure;
• high sound insulation properties.

Using granulated expanded clay, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene sheets, high thermal insulation characteristics are ensured. To construct a floor using the prefabricated monolithic method using polystyrene concrete blocks, it is necessary to correctly calculate the distance between the beams taking into account the size of the blocks.

Metal and wooden floors in an aerated concrete house on load-bearing beams

Beam technology allows you to quickly construct floors in small aerated concrete buildings based on the following elements:

• wooden beams;
• metal profile.

The first installation method does not require significant costs, unlike the expensive method using metal profiles.

Construction technology beam floor provides:

1. Laying beams on the supporting surface of the walls.
2. Placement between the insulation beams.
3. Formation of sheathing on opposite sides of the beams.
4. Laying waterproofing material.
5. Construction of finished floor and ceiling.

Advantages of beam flooring:

• ease of installation;
• accelerated pace of construction;
• low cost.
• opportunity self-execution works

Disadvantages of technology:

• possibility of use in buildings no more than two floors high;
• reduced fire resistance in fire hazardous situations;
• reduced service life compared to reinforced concrete structures.

Despite its shortcomings, the beam method is popular in private housing construction.

Let's sum it up

Before starting construction activities, it is necessary to decide on a design option and study how to make floors in a house from aerated concrete in accordance with the technology requirements. It is necessary to take a responsible approach to performing work, the quality of which determines the stability and durability of an aerated concrete structure.