Sometimes you really want to leave the hustle and bustle of the city and go to the country. Silence, walks, doing your favorite things - what could be better! If comfort is provided at the dacha, you want to come again and again. One of the comfortable living conditions at the dacha is a bathhouse.

Construction can, of course, be entrusted professional builders. However, to build and improve a bathhouse on summer cottage quite capable on my own. This eliminates additional expenses and allows you to carry out finishing and landscaping in full accordance with your desires and preferences. Therefore, this task is not easy, but it is quite within the capabilities of a novice builder. A self-built bathhouse will delight the owners even more. So, how to build a bathhouse yourself?

Firstly, as with any construction, you first need to decide on the project and the materials from which the bathhouse will be built. The choice of the main material for construction depends on the geographical location and operating conditions, as well as on one’s own capabilities.

Bathhouses are made of brick, aerated concrete and other stone materials; some prefer frame bathhouses, however, many novice builders prefer to build a bathhouse from wood. This lightweight and durable material does not require serious and expensive foundation, however, it has excellent characteristics. With proper care, operating the bathhouse will not cause much trouble.

And of course, preference should be given to timber - a bathhouse made of this material will retain all the advantages of a wooden structure and eliminate the problems and additional costs that may arise when building walls from logs. Building walls from timber is similar to working with a construction set - it can have different geometric dimensions and cross-sections (rectangle, square, semicircular), and also, in the case of profiled timber, there are grooves for fastening. Building from timber is easy and convenient - what could be better for a novice builder!

How to choose a place to build a bathhouse.

One of the most important points is the choice of location for the future building. The location must satisfy both existing legislation and ease of use. Basic recommendations that can help you make your choice:

• if there is a body of water nearby, you should not place the bathhouse too close to it, as the building will be in danger of flooding;
• it is necessary to decide how the bathhouse will be located relative to the house: a separate building or will it be attached to it, since each option has its own positive and negative sides;
• It is believed that it is better to build a bathhouse on backyard, in relative solitude;
• It is necessary to provide for mandatory ventilation during construction, as well as to provide for wastewater disposal;
• It is highly not recommended to determine the location next to a nearby road;
• when placing a building, it is necessary to take into account the cardinal directions and the direction of the wind: the best place is the southern part of the site, protected from the wind so that it does not disturb vacationers, it is better to have windows facing west;
• It is desirable that the bathhouse be located at some distance from other buildings, and if it is an extension to the house, it is imperative that during construction it is necessary to comply with fire safety rules, as, indeed, when constructing a separate building;
• when determining the location of the bath and its size, it is necessary to observe established by rules distances from the boundaries of the site so that neighbors do not experience discomfort in the future and do not make claims to the owner;
• It is recommended to maintain a distance to the water intake (well or borehole) of no more than 20 meters.

At the beginning of construction, it is highly advisable to make a project that should, among other things, determine optimal area the buildings.

It is believed that the estimated area for 1 person should be approximately 5 sq.m. Thus, if the expected number of visitors to the bathhouse is 4 people, its total area should not be less than 20 sq.m.

The minimum composition of the premises is as follows: steam room, washing room, relaxation room and dressing room. It is important to determine the most convenient location of these rooms relative to each other, as well as their geometric dimensions.

First you need to complete several diagrams and drawings:

— general plan of the building;
— drawings of each room separately;
— diagram of the foundation;
- roofing diagram;
- plan for fastening and laying out timber;
— plan for the installation of the floor and ceiling of the bathhouse;
— installation diagram of the furnace, taking into account its design features.

All the necessary drawings can be completed independently, and can also be found in many open sources. As a rule, bathhouses made of timber have similar designs and you can easily choose the most suitable one. If you wish and have the necessary budget, you can entrust the design to a professional architect or builder.

Selection of building materials.

Below is a list of materials that will be needed to build a bathhouse from timber:

a) timber 150x150 mm, although it is possible to use timber with a cross-section of 100 mm or 200 mm;

b) floorboard (edged board 150x50 mm 4 meters long is excellent);

c) hardwood boards for ceiling construction (usually lining with a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 20 mm or more is used);

d) material for wall decoration (as a rule, the same lining is used);

e) material for vapor barrier (an excellent option would be to use a vapor barrier film);

e) waterproofing (it is advisable to use penofol, although polyethylene film is suitable);

g) ceiling insulation (mineral wool materials are a good option);

h) sheet asbestos for insulating wooden structures from temperature influences, including for walls near the stove and elements located next to the chimney;

i) cement, sand and crushed stone for foundation construction (recommendation - cement should be purchased before starting construction);

j) roofing material for the roof, which can be selected based on personal preferences and the main thing is that it fits organically into the surrounding roofs of other buildings;

l) insulation for the inter-crown space (it is better to use jute, although moss or tow are perfect).

The best time to start construction is spring, since after completion of the main construction work it is necessary for the timber to dry and shrink. This requires at least 6 months.

Do-it-yourself sauna - step-by-step instructions.

Step I – preparing the area for construction.

Before starting construction, it is necessary to clear the site - remove bushes, stumps, remove debris and everything that will interfere with the foundation work.

Step II - building the foundation.

It is best to build a bathhouse made of timber on a columnar foundation, which is inexpensive and excellent for the construction of small wooden and frame buildings.

When constructing it, you first need to dig the estimated number of holes for installing supports. Their number is calculated as follows: supports must be installed in the corners of the building and at the intersections of walls, as well as with a certain step along their perimeter.

The pitch is selected taking into account the type of soil and the calculated total weight structures. The depth of the holes should be 1-1.5 meters, although it may vary depending on the depth of soil freezing in a given area. To perform this type of foundation, in addition to the materials listed above, you will need asbestos-cement pipes and fittings.

At the bottom of the pit it is necessary to pour a mixture of sand and crushed stone 10-15 cm thick. Then install an asbestos-cement pipe of the required length into it, strictly vertically, and secure it. Several reinforcement bars should be placed inside the pipe.

After this, pour into the pipe and free space There is a concrete solution between the walls of the pit and the pipe.

After pouring the solution, you need to wait a few days, then lay a half-brick thick wall between the pillars.

Step III – erection of walls and arrangement of the roof.

The traditional material for the construction of bathhouse walls is timber measuring 150x150 mm. Before laying the first crown, it is imperative to put waterproofing on the foundation. The lower part of the crown must be treated with an antiseptic. Most often, the timber is laid out using the “paw” method.

The first crown must be carefully aligned according to geometric parameters - all angles must be exactly 90 degrees. After the first crown is erected, they begin laying the beams for the set of walls. When laying out the walls, you need to make openings for future doors and windows and be sure to insulate each row with the selected thermal insulation material.

To connect the crowns, dowels are used - metal or wooden pins.

After the walls are removed, the roofing is installed. Depending on the chosen roof shape, it is necessary to fix the rafters, which are attached to the upper crown with brackets.

When installing a single-pitched sloping roof the rafters are secured either by two external or one external and one internal supports. During construction gable roof It is necessary to securely support the rafters from below to the wall, and connect them together from above to form a roof ridge.

Sheathing boards are attached to the fixed rafters, then hydro- and vapor barriers and insulation are laid on them.

The roof installation is completed by installing the selected roofing material.

Step IV - interior finishing work.

Interior decoration must begin with the installation of communications - sewerage, water supply, electricity. You should worry about sewerage even when designing and constructing the foundation.

It is necessary to dig a drainage well next to the future bathhouse, which includes a sewer pipe buried in the ground with a slope to remove wastewater from washing department.

After the sewerage installation is completed, a finishing floor is made, which is made of wood or concrete. Concrete floors are more durable and are most often faced with tiles or porcelain stoneware.

If a wooden floor is chosen for interior decoration, it is usually made to leak. To do this, floor boards are nailed to the installed joists with a small gap, or a small drain hole is installed in the floor, covered with a grate.

In this case, the floor must be made with a slight slope towards the drain. Then the water that gets into the drain will be discharged through the sewer pipe into the drainage well.

After installing the sewer system, it is necessary to perform insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier of the walls and ceiling using appropriate materials, install electricity and water supply.

After installing windows and doors, then finish the room using, for example, lining.

After finishing is completed, you need to install the necessary electrical appliances.

Step V - installation of the stove and shelves.

There are a great many options for placing shelves; you just need to follow the recommended dimensions and the fact that they should be made of hardwood. The installation principle is simple - a stable frame is mounted, usually made of timber, and boards are attached to it.

The installation of the furnace must be carried out in full accordance with the requirements fire safety. Wooden structures must be insulated from the high temperatures of the operating stove and chimney. If the furnace is heavy, it must be installed on a specially equipped foundation. This is determined on a case-by-case basis depending on the oven selected.

The stove is selected depending on the preferences of the owner. This can be a traditional wood-burning heater, a metal wood-burning or electric stove; sometimes it is advisable to choose a gas stove for a sauna.

Step VI - choosing accessories

There are many accessories for a bath.

The main ones are:

— brooms (oak, birch and others);
- containers (buckets, basins);
- a wooden ladle for adding water;
— wooden gratings for the floor and much more.

Additional individuality can be added by the interior decoration of the premises, which remains at the discretion of the owner - here, depending on desires and financial capabilities, you can give free rein to your imagination.

It should be added that all of the listed accessories can be made independently. The bathhouse is a great place to spend time in a pleasant, friendly company or with your family. It will be much more pleasant to realize that all this was done with your own hands, including useful and necessary devices: for example, hangers, lamps or ventilation grilles.

Enjoy Your Bath!

Video about building a bathhouse yourself.

Almost everyone dreams of having their own bathhouse. It’s nice to be able to warm up in the steam room at any time, drink tea on the terrace and enjoy the silence. Visiting a bathhouse is good for health, it cleanses the body, relieves stress and improves mood. In the bathhouse you can relax both body and soul.

It is especially pleasant to go to a bathhouse built with your own hands. To build it, you need to know the procedure for building a bathhouse, draw up a budget and choose the material.

What material should you use to build your own bathhouse at home?

Currently, the choice of materials for building a bathhouse is quite diverse, so anyone can choose an option to their liking. Typically, a bathhouse is built from wood, aerated concrete or brick.

Wooden bathhouse

A wooden bathhouse is a classic; it was from this material that our ancestors built a bathhouse. Wood is natural and environmentally friendly, it has low thermal conductivity and an attractive appearance. A wooden bathhouse does not require additional finishing.

Most people build a bathhouse from this material because of the special atmosphere that only wood can create: a pleasant aroma, cozy atmosphere, unity with nature - in such a bath it is pleasant and comfortable.

Wooden buildings are also divided into several types depending on the material from which they are built.

The strip foundation is more reliable, so it is suitable for the construction of bathhouses with heavy weight: brick, aerated concrete, two-story, etc. If you are going to build a small one-story bathhouse, then you can limit yourself to a columnar foundation, which is easier and cheaper to build.

Strip foundations can withstand high loads, which is why they are chosen during construction two-story baths. But the construction of this base will cost more than a columnar one, since more material will be required. An important advantage of a strip foundation is the ability to create a warm ground floor or basement.

For wooden baths A shallow type of strip foundation is suitable; for block or brick foundations - a recessed type.

If you are going to build a bathhouse on soil with weak bearing capacity, you will have to abandon the strip foundation and choose a different type of foundation.

A columnar foundation is a simpler and cheaper option that is suitable for any type of soil. Making such a base is quite simple, so it will be a good solution for small buildings. Foundation supports can be made of different materials: brick, concrete, iron, etc.

If you plan to make a columnar foundation, it is recommended to install a grillage - this will give the structure additional strength.

But sometimes it happens that you have to build a bathhouse on an uneven surface, in particular, this happens if you want to build a building next to a river. In this case, you need to do. This base option will also be indispensable when building a bathhouse in permafrost regions. Pile foundation will cost about 40% less than tape, which is a significant saving on construction. But during its construction, additional costs arise due to the need to use special equipment.

Any of these types of foundations can be made independently, without turning to specialists. In the articles presented on this site, you will find detailed instructions on how to install a foundation yourself.

Before making the foundation, you need to prepare the site, namely make markings. Make sure that the markings are as even as possible - how even the bathhouse will turn out will depend on this.

Step 4. Construction of walls

As already mentioned, to build a bathhouse you can choose different materials: timber, gas block, expanded clay concrete, brick, logs, etc. Whatever material you choose, it is also important to ensure that the walls of the bathhouse are as smooth as possible.

When building a wooden bathhouse, it is better to choose larger logs for the lower crowns than for other rows.

When choosing materials you need to be more careful; it is important to purchase only high-quality ones, otherwise the building will quickly deform. If you come across defective materials, you should stop using them, otherwise the service life of the building will be significantly reduced.

You should buy materials for building a bathhouse with a reserve; there is a high probability that the materials will be defective. In addition, if there are not enough of them, you will have to go and buy new ones, and this will slow down the work process.

You need to decide in advance on the location of windows and doors and when laying the walls, do not forget to leave gaps for them.

Step 5. Install the roof

To install the roof you need to do rafter system- frame made of wooden beams. Afterwards, you should install rafters from beams, sheathe the roof with roofing material and insulate it. To install the roof, you need to use wood species that do not produce a lot of resin, so it is better to choose hardwood.

The roofing material can be any, but metal tiles are considered the most popular.

Step 6. Interior and exterior decoration of the bathhouse, furniture arrangement

It is most often carried out using lining. This material has excellent performance properties and an affordable price. For finishing a steam room, lining made from deciduous trees is suitable, and for other rooms you can use coniferous wood.

Coniferous trees contain resin that is released at high temperatures. If you make a steam room decoration from such a material, the resin can lead to poisoning and will burn if it comes into contact with the skin.

The strictest rules for registration. The choice of furniture and finishing materials is limited here. The steam room should have a stove and shelves, nothing more. The shelves can be arranged in one row, two or three, depending on the height of the ceiling. As already stated, conifers They cannot be used in decoration and furniture in the steam room, so choose deciduous ones.

Various decorative elements in a steam room will be appropriate only in limited quantities. For example, you can decorate the walls with the same clapboard, cutting it into pieces and assembling some kind of shape from them.

An additional decoration that will also make a trip to the steam room even more useful can be Himalayan salt. It has a beneficial effect on the body, while on the walls it looks original and impressive. And if you add additional lighting, the steam room will immediately be transformed.

Design also has certain limitations caused by its functional purpose. Since the washing room is needed to wash yourself after the steam room, it should have either a shower stall, or basins, tubs and a bench. If space and budget allow, some also install a hot tub and pool.

Here, in addition to lining, you can also use tiles to decorate the walls. If you put it on the floor, then choose a non-slip one, otherwise you can easily get injured. Natural and fake diamond, PVC panels, etc.

This is a room where there are the fewest design rules. As for the mandatory furniture, it includes only a table and chairs, the rest is at your discretion. For example, if the rest room plays the role of a dressing room, then hangers and shelves for shoes will also be useful here.

If you plan to stay overnight in the room, you can put a folding sofa or even a bed, if the space of the room allows. IN spacious room For relaxation, some people make a mini-kitchen, install a billiard table, and decorate a children’s corner.

For finishing, you can use different materials: lining, stone, drywall, wallpaper, etc. It is recommended to decorate the room with paintings, various figurines and other decorative elements.

Exterior finishing does not always need to be done. Usually they resort to it if blocks were used to build the bathhouse. If wood or brick, then exterior decoration no need, the building looks neat and well-groomed even without it.

Every person has visited a sauna or steam room at least once in their life. The feeling of being in a hot bathhouse is impossible to forget. Bath procedures help rejuvenate and heal the body. Many owners of their own plots are not averse to building a special room equipped for warm washing. The easiest way is to order a ready-made project from professionals, but you can try to build a bathhouse with your own hands. This will save you a lot of money family budget, gain invaluable experience.

Advantages and disadvantages of self-building

Building a bathhouse with your own hands in the garden is a complex, but creative and constructive process. Self-construction is quite popular. Among the main advantages of performing the work on our own can be distinguished:

• the ability to use a project developed in accordance with personal needs, taking into account the preferences of all family members;
• saving money, the owner manages the allocated budget himself, rather than paying the amount announced by the contractor;
• it is possible to build in stages, investing small amounts;
• confidence in the quality of purchased building materials;
• gaining and accumulating experience, it will be useful in the construction of other buildings;
• pride in a structure you built yourself, which you can show off to your friends and relatives.

To the disadvantages self-construction baths can be classified as:

• the need to study existing projects, draw up your own scheme;
• acquisition, transportation of building materials and equipment, costs of purchasing tools required to perform the work;
• low speed of construction; experienced builders will build a steam room much faster;
• full responsibility for all stages of work, from the poured foundation to the construction of walls and roofs, installation of windows and doors;
• difficulty in location heating equipment, utility wiring;
• you should be completely confident in your abilities; if you don’t have enough time, patience, money, then as a result personal plot an unfinished object may appear.

Features of design and layout

When building a bathhouse, you must initially decide on the location. It can be installed in a house, attached to it, or made into a separate structure. But as practice shows, many developers who chose the option combined with the main building regret it. Another important aspect is orientation to the cardinal points. For example, based on practical considerations, it is better to place windows from the south or west. It is also worth observing the standards for distances between buildings, taking into account the distance of the building from the boundaries of the site, a private house, and the distance to the reservoir.

The construction of a sauna, like any other structure, begins with drawing up a project. When designing it, the expected number of family members who will visit it at the same time, the layout of the site, the allocated area, the number of Money. The scheme may include several rooms, including a steam room, washing room, dressing room, swimming pool, billiard room, and other rooms. When drawing up a drawing, you should worry about all the important points in advance, include everything you need in it, which will allow you to do without additional extensions or redevelopment of the building in the future.

According to current legislation, the construction of a bathhouse on your own site does not require obtaining any permits, since it is an auxiliary facility. But when drawing up a steam room design, special attention should be paid to architecture and fire safety; it is recommended to study the following regulatory documents: SNiP 21-01-97* “Fire safety of buildings and structures”, SNiP 3.04.01-87 “Insulating and finishing coatings”, SP 1.13130 .2009 “Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits", SNiP II-L.13-62 "Baths. Design standards".

Optimal area

The main room, without which it is impossible to imagine a bathhouse, is the steam room. Here the shelves are located and the stove is installed. The main rooms also include a washing room or shower room, a dressing room, which also serves as a place to relax, and a dressing room. If the structure is planned to be used year-round, then it is supplemented with a vestibule, which helps to retain heat. When designing a bathhouse and determining its dimensions, a number of important points are taken into account:

• its location on the site, whether it is a separate structure or acts as an extension to the house;
• heater power level;
• number of visitors;
• size of the plot, amount of free space on it;
• wall thickness, presence of insulation, finishing used.

• the ceiling height in a “Russian” or “Finnish” bathhouse should be more than 2.1 m;
• The minimum size of the steam room per visitor must be at least 850 x 1150 mm or 0.98 square meters. m;
• dressing room - 1000 x 2150 mm or 2.15 sq. m;
• washing area – 1150 x 1300 mm or 1.49 sq. m.

The given values ​​are conditional. They are calculated based on the average height of a person. When planning, you should take into account the parameters of all family members. For a separate building, the ratio of steam room, washing room, dressing room is recommended to be 1: 1.5: 2 parts, respectively. In reality, everything depends on the wishes of the owner.

Room zoning

For large structures, zoning is not necessary. Here you can freely provide a separate room for a steam room and a washing room, a billiard room and a swimming pool, a dining room and a locker room, and place a furnace room and a bathroom. However, sometimes the owners of a bathhouse need to properly arrange it, divide the recreation area into useful functional areas.

If you approach the issue correctly, then even a single relaxation room can be made multifunctional. Here you can eat, have a tea party, relax on the sofa, watching your favorite TV shows, play billiards, spend time comfortably with friends, discussing last news. Also in the relaxation room you can provide a locker room and organize a place to store bath accessories.

For zoning, you can use different techniques. Partitions, windows, artificial lighting, existing pieces of furniture will help to highlight functional areas; you can also use different finishing materials. When planning, experts recommend separating the dining area from the living room, for example, placing a billiard table between them. A fireplace placed in one of the corners, complemented by a pair of armchairs, will help create additional comfort.

External extensions - terraces, verandas, gazebos and barbecue area

An external extension to the bathhouse can be provided at the design stage, or, if necessary, an existing structure can be expanded. It often happens that a structure is built first, and then, due to various circumstances, the need arises to enlarge it. An extension can have different purposes, and its type depends on the available premises.

When expanding a bathhouse or including additional functional areas, a vestibule, veranda, terrace, balcony, gazebo, summer kitchen, and barbecue area are often added to the project. The simplest extension is a vestibule, canopy or porch. Also, the construction of a terrace does not cause any particular difficulties; it is more labor-intensive to build an open or glazed veranda, and during construction two-story buildings very often a balcony is provided.

If funds allow, then one of the best solutions is a built gazebo or summer kitchen with a stove or barbecue. The stove allows you to improve the overall appearance of the bathhouse, enjoy a delicious aromatic dinner, and maintain comfortable temperature air. However, it should be remembered that the stove is quite heavy, so when constructing it, special attention should be paid to the construction of a reinforced foundation.

Internal additional rooms

Undoubtedly, the central room of any bathhouse is the steam room. In fact, this is not the only room that plays an important role. You can provide many other useful spaces in the building that can make it very comfortable and cozy. One of them is a leisure room, in which you can place various interior items. The main thing when equipping this area is choice quality furniture and finishing materials that can last a long time in conditions of high humidity.

In larger buildings, it is possible to provide a separate swimming pool. After going to the steam room, many people like not to douse themselves in buckets, take a summer shower, and immediately dive completely into the cool water. However, the construction of a swimming pool requires the presence of utilities. Filling it will require a large amount of water, so simply draining it will not work; you will need a good drainage system. An alternative to a full-fledged pool can be a small font, which looks like a small wooden barrel or a large trough that can accommodate several people at the same time.

Looking at ready-made projects, you can find bathhouses with a billiard room, a bathroom, and a kitchen. Separately, it is worth noting the buildings that include living quarters. They can be called full-fledged houses, which are in demand in the country. Such projects have their fans and opponents. When choosing such a design, you must first think about the high humidity in the house and pay attention to fire safety, for example, use gas and electric stoves.

Communication design

It is impossible to use a bathhouse or sauna normally, characterized by high humidity and temperature, without properly designed and constructed communications. Here, increased demands are placed on engineering networks related to their safe operation. Particular attention should be paid to water supply, drainage, electricity and ventilation.

Even at the design stage, it is necessary to calculate the volume of water consumption and the number of water intake points. It is also necessary to decide in advance on the operating mode (seasonal, year-round). If the structure will not be heated in winter, it should be possible to drain water from the entire system so that it does not freeze at subzero temperatures.

Ventilation installation can be done with your own hands. It is enough to install two windows in the bathhouse. One of them will provide an influx of cold air, the other will serve to release heated and waterlogged oxygen. There is a natural and forced ventilation. In the second case, either expensive automatic systems, maintaining a given temperature and humidity in the room, or a budget option, which implies the presence of fans located on the ventilation windows.

When organizing electricity in a bathhouse, you should adhere to existing norms and standards, for example, comply with GOST R 50571.12–96. When choosing a cable, it is recommended to pay attention to the fact that it can withstand temperatures up to 180 degrees. Among the heat-resistant products we can highlight RKGM, PVKV, PRKS, PMTK, and others. Sockets must be heat-resistant, moisture-proof, and have a hidden installation. The safety level of the fittings must comply with IP-44/IP-65 standards. It is also worth remembering about protective automatic devices (RCD), which must necessarily be included in the electrical wiring connection project.

What kind of bathhouse to build - types of steam rooms

Many peoples of the world, in the process of their development, have developed their own unique traditions in the arrangement and use of baths. Among the most common types are Russian, Finnish, Roman, Turkish, Irish, Japanese, and Chinese bath complexes. Each of them is characterized by its size, shape, design, air temperature, and humidity. Let us dwell in more detail on the most common types of these structures in the world.

Russian

The main feature of the Russian bath is that the body is steamed in warm air saturated with water vapor. Its temperature is 50-70 degrees and humidity 40-65%. Traditionally, a classic building consists of a dressing room, a washing area, and a steam room. The steam room is the main place in the building. The main attribute is the stove. Only firewood is used for its combustion.

To maintain the temperature, the hot stove is watered with water and infusions of medicinal herbs, which creates “light steam”, after which it becomes easier to breathe in the humidified room. Larch boards are used to decorate walls and shelves. The shelves themselves have the shape of steps and are located near the stove. Temperatures on the lower steps are 50 degrees, while the highest ones can reach 100 degrees or higher.

In the washing room there are usually buckets of water, showers, if space allows, they are equipped with swimming pools and even swimming pools are built. Previously, the dressing room was used as a locker room. Now it is equipped with a recreation room, divided into different functional areas, and used as a place for a comfortable and cozy time with family or friends.

Finnish

The main distinguishing feature Finnish sauna we can say that it is heated with dry steam. This type of sauna is the hottest. In the steam room, the air temperature reaches 70-100 degrees, while its humidity rarely exceeds 8-20%. It is low humidity that allows a person to withstand high temperatures, while increasing it by 5-10% can lead to burns skin, in the worst case, fatal.

Another characteristic feature of a sauna is the stove. Nowadays, a conventional wood-burning heater is rarely installed here; instead, compact electric stoves made of stainless steel and galvanized alloys are used. Unlike the Russian bathhouse, the stones here are not placed inside the stove, but on its surface. This arrangement provides faster heating, and therefore cooling occurs much faster.

The duration of the first entry into the steam room should not exceed 3-5 minutes, so as not to overheat. Afterwards, it is recommended to take a shower, take a dip in the pool and relax in the relaxation room. Starting from the next approaches, their duration can be gradually increased, but the maximum period of time should not exceed 15 minutes, even for experienced people, and their total number is 3-6 times.

Chinese

There is a whole bath culture in China. The main components of the sauna are wooden sandals and massage combined with manual therapy. The bathhouse begins with a bathroom in which there are several Jacuzzis. In each individual bath, the water has a different temperature: cold, warm, hot. Aromatic oils and rose petals must be added to the water.

In the same room there are also special steam cabins. Unlike Russian steam rooms, special steam generators are produced here that are not capable of producing the hot heat emanating from traditional heaters. Some bathhouse projects include special snow rooms, where the air temperature is maintained at minus 10 degrees and artificial snow is produced.

After visiting the steam room, a person should go for a massage. The procedures begin with dousing with warm water, after which the bath attendant begins to rub the entire body with a towel or sponge wrapped around his hand. This procedure lasts at least half an hour. After the body is covered with a cool towel, the back massage begins. Upon completion of the procedures, you can go back to the steam room, after dousing yourself with milk and honey.

The main distinguishing feature of a Turkish bath is the high humidity in the steam room, it reaches 100% at relatively low temperatures of 45-50 degrees. As a result, a person is completely immersed in steam, all his muscles relax, and blood circulation normalizes. In addition to the traditional warming up of the body, a visit to the hammam includes a number of additional procedures: peeling, wrapping, massage.

Wood is not used in the construction of the steam room. Used to decorate a steam room ceramic tiles, in more expensive options - natural marble. It is very comfortable to lie on the heated marble. The bath can be heated in two ways, using water or electric heating. The first option is the most profitable; all surfaces are heated using pipes laid under the cladding.

A mandatory attribute for a hammam is a steam generator that provides increased humidity. The device is equipped with a special sensor; it automatically turns off the system if the room temperature exceeds 55 degrees. Thanks to this steam room device, the hair and skin are moisturized, the existing tan is not washed off the body, but, on the contrary, is fixed on it.

How to choose a site for construction

The construction of a bathhouse usually begins with choosing the most suitable location and drawing up a construction plan. When preparing calculations, it is important to comply with the rules and regulations that govern the conditions for locating a steam room in the residential sector. The specific structure must be located at a distance of no closer than 1 meter to the boundary of the neighboring plot. If there are neighbors in the yard wooden buildings, from them to the bathhouse there should be more than 15 meters.

Separately standing sauna or built as an extension to a house can only be built taking into account the rules and regulations regarding natural, plant, and protected areas. Allowable distance to a reservoir - 5 meters, an artificial well with drinking water - 12 meters, tall trees - 4 meters, forest - 15 meters.

In the house

You should plan the construction of a steam room in your home at the building design stage. The bathhouse will require special waterproofing, finishing, and processing of materials. More often they make mini-rooms, but they are spacious enough for a comfortable stay. The advantages of planning a residential building with a bathhouse include the following factors:

• Saving space in the garden area;
• Possibility of free movement between rooms, without the need to go outside;
• Simplified firebox. All necessary materials are located in the living area;
• Close location to the bathroom.

The disadvantages of organizing a bathhouse right in the house include a high fire hazard. Even high-quality and systematic treatment of a room with fire retardants does not provide 100% protection against fire and smoke. Additional vapor barrier will also be required. Due to high humidity, complex ventilation will have to be done. Good air exchange can be ensured by installing expensive internal equipment.

Extension to the house

Attach a bathhouse to residential building possible only if the house is made of brick or foam blocks. In other cases, being too close may be unsafe. You can use a ready-made terrace or fill a separate area with the foundation for a sauna. Before installation flooring It is necessary to consider good protection from moisture and high-quality sewer drainage.

You can make a bathhouse extension 2 years after the shrinkage of the main residential building. It is easy to bring communications into the room and make it heated. Disadvantages include a high risk of fire due to open flame. The danger increases if the frame part of the country house extension is made of budget timber, poorly processed wood materials. Dirt and debris from the firebox easily enter the house, and high humidity destroys the wall covering, leading to inevitable frequent repairs.

Freestanding

The best option for building a bathhouse on the site. The easiest way to make it is from a log house. You will need a lightweight foundation, timber for making a roof truss, and basic material for the walls. Construction will take a minimum of time. You can safely implement your favorite design and furnace equipment with any characteristics.

The disadvantages include the use of an impressive area for construction and a large amount of building materials and improvised means. Due to the distance from a residential building, heating costs will increase, and attempts to save money will lead to a deterioration in technical parameters.

What material is best to build from?

Many owners of suburban areas dream of having their own bathhouse. But building it according to all the rules is not at all easy. Due to the presence of a furnace, very stringent requirements are imposed on such buildings. When choosing the base material, you need to rely not only on the price and ease of building a home sauna, but also take into account compliance with the conditions inside the steam room.

Baths are often built from wood or brick. These materials are capable of providing high levels of thermal insulation. They do not emit toxic compounds when heated and are highly resistant to humid environments. Each type has its own characteristics and is used for the construction of a steam room, taking into account its size, number of floors, and climatic indicators.

From wooden beams

The wooden structure retains heat well and quickly removes toxins and gases. The light weight of the bath allows the installation of building materials without additional reinforcement of the foundation. The type of rock gives the structure special characteristics. Among the popular varieties are the following:

• Pine. Budget material has an attractive appearance, light shade and sufficient moisture resistance. Due to the release of resin when heated, the formation of mold is slowed down. It is not recommended to decorate the steam room with pine, since when heated, thick sap is released, which can easily burn the skin.
• Linden. Due to low moisture resistance, only specially processed varieties are suitable for making baths. A material with excellent heat resistance begins to darken after a couple of years.
• Aspen. The density of golden rock only increases over time, making it difficult to process and repair. The waterproof material retains heat well, but is not included in the budget category.
• Alder. Boards with a beautiful reddish tint practically do not shrink, but quickly darken when in contact with moisture.

Made of brick

The main advantage of brickwork is durability. A bathhouse made of such material will easily last up to 20 years. There is no need for additional cladding, since the brick itself looks attractive. Also an undeniable advantage in favor of this type of bathhouse will be its non-flammability, the absence of fungus and mold on the walls.

The considerable weight of the brick requires the installation of a strip base under the steam room. This increases the duration of construction work. First you need to pour a concrete foundation, wait for it to completely harden, then install the brick walls and roof in stages.

You can build a bathhouse from red or gas silicate bricks. For any of the types, it will take at least 1 hour to warm up. The building will also need to be insulated from the inside. Fireclay bricks are used to lay out the hearth and other places in contact with open fire.

Brick does not allow air to pass through, so when building a bathhouse you need to take care of good ventilation.

From foam blocks

Affordable material will allow you to quickly build a strong structure. Cellular blocks of regular rectangular shape are processed in autoclaves, which gives them all the necessary characteristics. The low weight of the elements allows the construction of a bathhouse structure without additional strengthening of the foundation. The blocks are cut into pieces with a simple hacksaw. Installation takes place using a special cement adhesive.

The disadvantages include the hygroscopicity of the material. But special treatment makes it possible to reduce the transfer of heat to the outside. Foam blocks of the lowest density and thermal conductivity are suitable for building a bathhouse.

Bathhouse foundation

The base for the bathhouse must be chosen before construction, since it will no longer be possible to change it after pouring the concrete. The main task of the foundation is to uniformly distribute the load on the ground. The service life of the entire building will depend on the type of structure. There are several options for pouring concrete, differing in the installation method. When building steam rooms, the following options are most often used:

• Pile. Used on soils slightly saturated with moisture. According to the installation principle, it is divided into pile-screw, pile-driven, and columnar. The choice of suitable installation technology depends on the degree and direction of earth movement.
• Tape. A wide concrete strip is installed around the perimeter of the entire building. This approach simplifies the construction of bathhouse walls; there is no need to further strengthen the structure. You can make a purely strip or block base.
• Monolithic. Cement mortar is poured around the entire perimeter of the future building. The thickness of the solid slab must be at least 30 cm.

What to heat - choosing a stove

When choosing a stove for a sauna, first of all you need to pay attention to the power. This indicator must correspond to the volume of the steam room. The presence of uninsulated areas and the material used to make the door are also taken into account. According to the type of fuel, sauna stoves are as follows:

• Wood-burning. The classic version of the firebox allows you to create a special atmosphere. A ubiquitous tree does not require additional communications. You can independently prepare all kinds of varieties to create different effects.
• Gas. Units of impressive size can only be connected by a qualified gas technician. In such stoves there is no need to constantly add firewood and control the flame. They have no firebox or ash pan. Gas furnaces significantly increase the fire hazard of the entire structure.
• Electric furnaces. Miniature devices heat the room evenly and quickly. The installations are absolutely safe, with great functionality. Because of high flow rate electricity operating costs will be high.

Step-by-step instructions for building a free-standing bathhouse

When you decide to create a cozy bathhouse in your summer cottage, you don’t have to turn to specialists for help. Even with little experience in construction, such a construction can be organized independently. First, they draw up a project and select materials. At this stage it is important to consider geographical position construction and conditions of its operation. The following construction procedures are performed step by step.

Preparing the site for construction

When a suitable location has been selected and the material has been delivered, you can begin to prepare the site for construction. Depending on the specifics of the soil, the type of foundation is determined. The construction site should be level with a slight slope for water drainage.

First, they draw the outline of the future foundation and remove all vegetation from the soil. Then pegs are driven in around the perimeter, based on the area of ​​the building. From the posts with nailed boards, cast-offs are made and the axial dimensions of the foundation contour are marked.

On next stage start digging a pit, holes for posts or a trench. When the required depth is reached, special shields are installed to prevent the soil from collapsing. At the end of the excavation work they are removed.

For a free-standing bathhouse made of timber, a columnar foundation is suitable. The budgetary basis will easily withstand relatively light wooden design. Then they dig it up required amount holes with a certain step. It is necessary to have supports in the corners, at the intersection of walls.

Crushed stone and sand are poured into the bottom of the pit. Then the asbestos-cement pipe is installed strictly vertically and secured. Reinforcement is placed inside and concrete solution is poured. A few days later, after waiting for complete hardening, a small half-brick wall is laid between the pipes around the perimeter.

Construction of walls and roofing

More often, 15 x 15 cm timber is used to build a free-standing bathhouse. They begin installing the first crown after laying the waterproofing and carefully processing the materials in contact with the base. The beams can be joined in several ways: on rectangular dowels, in the main tenon, using the “ dovetail" When building walls, the crowns are connected using special wooden and metal pins - dowels.

At the next stage, the roofing is installed. First, choose a suitable roof shape and install the rafters according to the plan. Then the supports are erected and securely fastened. Sheathing boards are placed against them and covered waterproofing material, insulation, install the selected roofing material.

Heat and vapor insulation

Regardless of the type of oven chosen, any steam room will always have high temperature and humidity. The thermal insulation layer helps retain heat for a long time. The following types of materials are suitable for use in the construction of a bathhouse:

• Film. Dense fabrics can be smooth, rough with reinforcement. This insulation option will be cheap.
• Membrane. Non-woven fabric laid on top of the insulation. It perfectly protects against condensation and moisture.
• Foil sheets. A special coating made of foil and metal lavsan effectively retains heat in a steam room of any size.

Interior finishing work - what materials are best to use

Internal finishing work must begin with the installation of communications. The sewerage point, the place where water pipes and electricity pass must be laid out at the design stage.

After installation work After laying communications, they proceed to the production of the finished floor. It can be concrete or wood. The cement filling will be durable; after hardening, it is additionally tiled. The wooden flooring is made to leak; a small gap is left between the joists and floor boards.

After the windows and doorway are installed, you can begin decorating the interior walls of the bathhouse. The use of synthetic materials is excluded, since when heated they release harmful substances. Best type of finish – natural wood. This can be a polished edged board, a blockhouse, or lining. When choosing the appropriate option, you need to take into account the characteristics of each breed and the characteristics of the varieties.

Installation of oven and shelves

Shelves for relaxation in the bathhouse should fit the size of the room and be made of wood materials. First, a stable frame is made from timber, then polished boards are attached to it.

Each owner chooses the stove himself depending on personal preferences. If it is a heavy unit, it is installed on a special foundation. The installation is carried out in accordance with all fire safety requirements. All wooden structures near an open fire must be well insulated.

Bathhouse design and decoration

A huge selection of finishing materials allows you to create stylish interior indoors, realizing the most daring idea. When choosing the right style, one should not forget about functionality and convenience. Excessive clutter with unnecessary objects will create a feeling of heaviness and isolation.

Wooden items are suitable for finishing in the Russian style. Buckets and wooden ladles can be placed on stands and shelves in the steam room. The decor for the floor in the rest room will be woven rugs, in the washing room it will be wooden grates. The walls will be decorated with oak brooms and steam room hats with funny inscriptions.

The chalet style assumes the presence of only women's or men's items. These could be tea sets, bouquets of fragrant herbs, beautiful tablecloths or hunter's accessories. Modern style is not complete without elements of luxury. The ceilings in the steam room and relaxation room are high and multi-tiered. Lighting creates successful accents.

What furniture to choose for a bath

The amount of furniture in the bathhouse directly depends on its size. To organize a locker room, it is enough to install a wooden hanger. The number of hooks can be calculated based on the total number of visitors, 3-4 pieces per person. For storing towels, detergents, sheets, you can provide a small wall cabinet. It is advisable to install a bench under the hanger, which will serve as a place for folding clothes while changing clothes.

In the rest room in the dining area there must be wooden table, surrounded by chairs or benches. When organizing a place to relax, you can provide a sofa, soft chairs. Shelves should be placed on the walls for storing dishes and bath accessories, while it is better not to use a bulky closed cabinet.

After building a house on their plot, most land owners think about building a good steam room there. In this case, the work is supposed to be done with your own hands, and the bathhouse should be built quickly, cheaply and very simply. Satisfying such criteria is not so easy, but it is still possible.

It is unlikely that you should rely on other people's designs or order overly expensive custom building plans. In most cases, a small building is required to meet the needs of a family of 2-3 people.

The foundation is the basis of everything

For most autonomous buildings with little physical load, the following types of foundations are used:

• poured concrete;
• support-columnar;
• on pile-screw supports;
• tape-block.

The simplest is the support-column base. It is used both for frame buildings and timber. This is where the cheap one starts frame bath, built with your own hands.

For support, cement blocks (cinder block) with dimensions of 200x200x400 mm are used. They are mounted according to a prepared template at the corners of a conventional 2x2 m grid. Accordingly, in order to build a 12 m2 bathhouse with your own hands cheaply and step by step, as shown here, you will need approximately 9 such supports. Each of them contains 4 blocks.

Before installation, it is necessary to level the site, and laying should be carried out according to the construction hydraulic level. First you need to pour a layer of sand under the base and compact it. From this stage it is possible to envisage the installation of a weir.

Using screw piles It is unlikely that it will be possible to reduce the final cost less than the price of a strip foundation. However, for wetland areas or for soil with high levels groundwater this solution would be appropriate. In such a situation, you can save money by installing it yourself without involving third-party specialists or equipment.

You can build a bathhouse with your own hands cheaply on a strip foundation made of blocks. For a building of 12 m2, you will need an amount of 6,000 rubles, taking into account the fact that the installation is carried out independently, as well as the preparation of the solution. This will reduce costs.

For most types of foundations, it is necessary to ensure the presence of a sand cushion.

Current building materials

When building walls for a cheap bathhouse with your own hands (there is a video on the website), you can use a large amount modern materials. They have a lot of positive qualities, but the most accessible of them, and at the same time effective, are the following:

• wooden beam;
• wood concrete;
• use of an insulated frame.

In our country, it is enough to use 100 mm thick timber for the outer walls of a bathhouse, which will be used from late spring to late autumn. During installation of timber, it is necessary to install dowels at least every 0.9-1.0 m. classic size in 12 m2 it will be enough to stock up on 62 beams. Such a DIY sauna will definitely be cheaper than its larger counterparts.

Inter-crown insulation is used in the process. The total amount of these materials will be about 25...30 thousand rubles. If you buy all this from a wholesale warehouse or directly from the manufacturer, you can save money.

When building the cheapest wood concrete bathhouse with your own hands, you need to stock up on the following amount of material:

• about 20 bags of cement;
• a quarter or a third of a cube of sawdust;
• sand 2.5-3.0 tons;
• about 1 m 3 of lumber;
• sufficient quantity water.

When pouring a sawdust bath, wait 2-3 days each time for the layer to harden, and only after that the formwork is rearranged. It is necessary to take into account that with this method, the maximum cost of constructing walls is unlikely to exceed 12,000-15,000 rubles.

When building walls from this material, you will need to spend a lot of time protecting them from moisture in the steam room. Increased waterproofing will protect the material from destruction by water.

Construction from wood concrete

In addition to a cheap bathhouse made of timber or wood concrete, you can build it yourself frame structure. At the same time, it will need to be reliably insulated. For an estimated building of 12 m2 area, you need to stock up on 3 m3 beams. You will also need to include insulation in the estimate. In the lightweight version, 10 cm thickness is enough. If during construction you use basalt wool, then the total cost of the walls will not exceed 25,000 rubles. At the same time, the advantage of this type of mineral wool is its maximum fire safety.

Floor installation

Any sauna built with your own hands, cheaply and quickly, cannot do without a reliable floor. For its installation, various paired circuits tested by many owners are used. In most cases, you have to use the double base option.

• A 150 mm sand cushion is preliminarily arranged, which can be poured and compacted for better installation.
• The base surface is then poured with 70-80 mm concrete.
• The top layer is a mesh strip, knocked down into a rigid frame. This flooring can be moved and laid as desired.

After each visit, it is advisable to dry and ventilate the wooden frames from the floor outside the walls of the steam room.

The total cost, which includes sand, cement and slats, will be approximately 3000-4000 rubles.

Even before laying and installing the floor surface in the bathhouse, you need to drain it and drain it into a waste pit outside. To avoid odor, it is necessary to use ready-made gutters with water seals.

Working with the ceiling

When working with the ceiling, you need to adhere to certain tricks, only then will you be able to build a bathhouse with your own hands cheaply, as in the video. You cannot use excessively thin lining to cover the ceiling; this applies to a thickness of about 15 mm, as it quickly absorbs moisture and becomes damp. It is necessary to take boards of about 30 mm thickness, which will save on insulation.

Scheme of a quality ceiling

In the old days, a mixture of earth or clay mixed with dry leaves was used to insulate ceilings. This natural option remains in demand today, when you need to build a bathhouse with your own hands cheaply, as in the photo. Sawdust can be used instead of leaves.

For a project of 12 m2, it is enough to have 17 prepared boards with tongues to cover the entire ceiling. Before filling in the insulation, a layer of glassine must be laid on the outside.

A pitched roof will require about 0.7 m 3 of wooden beams. They are covered with two layers of roofing material, and the seams are glued with bitumen. Such a roof can last up to five years without leaking.

VIDEO: Sauna for a summer residence - very fast and very cheap

When designing baths, you should take into account many factors - from location to area. Financial opportunities also play a significant role; if the bathhouse is planned primarily as a place for family recreation, then it is not necessary to build a palace.

For full functioning, 2-3 rooms are enough - a dressing room, a steam room and a washing room. The last two rooms are sometimes combined into one to save space.

Layout of a small bathhouse

In an effort to reduce the space occupied by a bathhouse, you should not be too zealous - there are certain standards. So, two people should fit freely in the steam room, taking into account the fact that they use brooms. If it is very crowded, then you will hardly be able to enjoy going to the bathhouse.

Features of the layout of a bathhouse with a small area

Small log sauna

The layout of a small bathhouse begins with the choice of material for its construction - it can be a log, timber, brick or foam blocks. Wooden construction is the most preferable, as it allows you to breathe easily and freely, and naturally maintains a balance between humidity and high air temperature.

What you should especially pay attention to:

• Foundation - the weight of the structure does not require the construction of a powerful foundation, the best option– strip or support-pile foundation. There will be no need to carry out significant excavation work for them;
• The convenient arrangement of the rooms inside will facilitate both the process of visiting the bathhouse and the preparation for it;
• It is advisable to install the stove in the dressing room so that it can be lit without interfering with others going into the steam room or washing room. The firebox must be protected from the possibility of accidental fire;
• An important point is ventilation. It is carried out through windows and doors. It is better to give preference to wooden window structures - it is environmentally friendly pure material emitting a pleasant aroma. In addition, it is a source of natural air exchange;
• Small baths are built according to the same rules as their large-scale counterparts - the shelves are located along a blank wall, the door threshold is high, and the frame is low. This is important so that less steam comes out when opening;
• There should be no locks, and all doors in the bathhouse open outward.

The useful area of ​​the bathhouse cannot be less than 10 square meters. meters, otherwise it will be impossible to steam in it and wash comfortably.

Convenient bath layout for two people

Bathhouse project of 3 rooms

It is not always possible to build a spacious bathhouse and you have to be content with modest dimensions. But even if it is not possible for two people to be in the steam room at the same time, then the presence of a separate washing room will allow the structure to be used for its intended purpose.

Competent design internal space makes it functional:

• Dressing room - area will be 2.7 square meters. meters. It can be used both as a locker room and as a rest room. But its main purpose is to prevent the penetration of cold air;
• The plan of a small bathhouse necessarily includes a washing area - an area of ​​1.7 square meters. meters. There are two options - install a shower stall or equip a simple shower. The second is to place stools and basins, and pour water into them from a tank located behind the stove. With such a volume, you can fit everything you need in it. It will be heated by a stove chimney;
• And the most important room is the steam room. Its area is 1.14 square meters. meters. The heater is placed in the corner, so it will give off some of the heat to the washing area. It will not be possible to place a lounger, so you will have to steam on a stool or bench.

Note! If a residential building does not have a bath or shower, then a small bathhouse is an excellent solution. She will combine business with pleasure.

Project of a small bathhouse of two rooms

Small frame bathhouse made of timber

If you don’t want to huddle in tiny rooms, then combining a steam room and a washing room can get a good result. The external size of the bathhouse can be 3.6 * 2 meters - this is quite enough.

How to build a small bathhouse with your own hands on a plot of land, this is only possible if you have a carefully thought-out project:

• Dressing room with a total area of ​​2.4 sq. meters - here you can already turn around. The dimensions allow you to place a tiny table where you can enjoy drinking tea. The role of the locker room remains;
• The steam room and washing room are combined to create a room of 3 square meters. meters. The shower will have to be sacrificed, but now there will be a full-fledged sun lounger and a bench for washing. Basins with water are placed on it. Excess moisture There is no need for a shower, it will make the air heavier and make breathing difficult.

To ensure that the benefits of bathing procedures in this project are not reduced, the following instructions must be followed:

• Install a more powerful stove that can heat two rooms at once;
• Do not spray water around the steam room - this will increase the humidity;
• Bathing procedures begin in the steam room, and only then begin washing.

Photo of a small bathhouse on the lake shore

In both layout options, the door should open outward, and the building itself should be installed no less than 5-10 meters from capital house. These are mandatory fire safety requirements. The ceilings in the bathhouse should not be more than 2.2 meters, and the door frame should not be more than 1.5 meters. Otherwise, it will not retain heat.

The stove can be any - electric, wood or gas. But the latter is not very desirable. Electric is easy to install and makes it easier to control the temperature level.

But the best one is wood-burning. It creates a unique spirit and aroma of the bathhouse.

The price of a wood stove is not that high

A bathhouse is the dream of almost every owner of a suburban area. But the size of the plot does not always allow for the construction of a large and spacious structure, and then you have to be content with the small. But this does not make the bathhouse any less functional.

With the right approach to planning, it turns out useful and convenient. The video in this article will tell you in more detail about small bathhouses and their advantages.

Small bathhouse: how to build it yourself, layout, video instructions, plan, photo and price

How to build a 3x3 sauna with your own hands

The primary task facing every owner of a country plot is the construction of a small bathhouse located not far from country house. Our article will talk about how to build a 3x3 sauna with your own hands, which would fit perfectly into the space of a small household plot.

The starting material used for the construction of such a structure is most often traditional wood beams. For those wishing to deviate from established traditions, such common building materials as brick, silicate and foam blocks or natural (artificial) stone can be offered.

Structural features

The bathhouse, measuring 3x3 m, is a small one-story building that can accommodate 2-3 people at a time. Its usable area usually does not exceed 8‒8.5 m² and is distributed as follows:

Note that the dressing room in such a bathhouse is also used as a relaxation room. Despite the limited size of the room, it is usually possible to fit a small table and 2-3 benches. The table can be made folding, which allows you to free up as much space in the dressing room as possible while lighting the stove and cleaning the room.

When choosing the design of a bathhouse building, one should not exclude from consideration the option of a small-sized structure that is simply attached to the main residential building.

What to build a bathhouse from?

The simplest and cheapest manufacturing method wooden bath made of timber is considered to be the use of a standard frame structure installed on a lightweight strip-type foundation.

A bathhouse made from traditional “round timber” also looks good, which is well-sanded logs selected according to the appropriate diameter. Forest moss is usually used as insulation in these structures, laid between the individual crowns.

In addition to timber and round timber, profiled or laminated timber can be used to construct a bathhouse. In any case, the material you choose must be well dried (that is, subjected to a shrinkage procedure in advance). Thanks to this, you will be able to start using the sauna building immediately after finishing it.

Note! When constructing a structure made of brick or stone strip foundation for a bathhouse it must be designed for heavy loads.

Work order

The construction of a bathhouse from the material you have chosen is usually carried out in the following order:

Foundation preparation

Basically, the type of foundation is not a whim of the customer, but is selected based on many factors. Often, for the construction of a bathhouse, a pile or columnar foundation is made. In some cases, it may be necessary to make a slab foundation. We will consider only one type of foundation, which is more universal and applicable in most cases.

The strip foundation for a log house made of three-meter timber is made shallow, which is also acceptable when using rounded logs. The procedure for its preparation is as follows:

1. First, a square of appropriate dimensions is marked, after which trenches 10–15 cm wide are dug to a depth exceeding the soil freezing mark.
2. The bottom of the dug trench is covered with a layer of sand about 15 cm thick, which is then spilled with water and thoroughly compacted. After compaction is completed, the bottom of the trench is filled with crushed stone, after which it will be possible to proceed to the preparation of formwork, assembled from ordinary unedged boards.
3. Imported or self-made concrete mixture is poured into the finished formwork, which should include moisture-resistant cement.
4. Foundation waterproofing is carried out using a suitable roll material(roofing felt, for example).

Walling

When assembling a box from 100×100 beams for the lower crowns, it is advisable to use larch or aspen blanks with a larger cross-section (150×150 cm, for example). The base frame is attached to the foundation using special plates, the counterpart of which is fixed to the lower beam of the frame.

The construction of the foundation is carried out by one of known methods, which involves the use of the method of joining beams (logs). Given the relative lightness of three-meter beams, the assembly of the frame is most often done manually and without assistants.

To reliably connect the crowns to each other (without gaps), pre-prepared wooden dowels and a special jute seal are used.

Manufacturing of roof, ceiling and floor

When arranging a roof for a 3x3 meter bathhouse, preference is usually given to one of the simplest structures: single-pitch or gable. The optimal angle of inclination of the roof is selected taking into account the brand of material used as a roofing covering (inexpensive roofing felt or slate are most often used for these purposes). You can see a sample of roofing arrangement in the photo located at the end of the article.

At the next stage of work, the ceiling is installed, made in the form of flooring, laid directly on the walls of the building. The floor covering is fixed on special logs placed directly on the foundation.

Interior decoration of the building

Before finishing the bathhouse, the walls and ceiling of the building are reliably insulated; in this case, special attention is paid to the steam room. To finish it, it is advisable to use natural types of insulation material (mineral wool, for example) and then apply a layer of foil to it. Note that the foil in this case is used as a reflector capable of retaining heat inside the steam room.

After installation of the insulation and foil is completed, the walls and ceiling of the room are sheathed with clapboard made from special types of wood (linden or aspen).

As for the dressing room, it is not at all necessary to use expensive materials to decorate it; the walls of this room can simply be impregnated with special waterproof varnishes that perfectly highlight the texture of the wood.

How to build a 3x3 sauna with your own hands - building a small sauna

Learn how to build a 3x3 sauna with your own hands. The article describes how and from what materials to build such a small bathhouse.

Do-it-yourself small sauna

A small do-it-yourself sauna is a great option when the area near the house or in the yard of the dacha is limited. In addition, with this solution you can significantly save your budget, but as a result you will get a full-fledged vacation spot, which will not only relieve stress after a hard day, but improve your health and have a pleasant time with family and friends.

Examples of projects

Ideally, the bathhouse includes 4 rooms in its design:

You can expand the functionality of some rooms by combining them with each other. At the same time, the comfort of your stay is not lost. The overall size of the building will largely depend on how many people will be inside at the same time.

• 1.20 mx2.50 m. Very compact solution. In this case, the bathhouse consists of only two rooms: a steam room and a dressing room. The dimensions of the first are 1.20 m×1.50 m, the second - 1 m×1.20 m. There is no rest room, but in the dressing room you can easily change clothes. The washing room can be combined with a steam room. This size will be enough for one person.
• 2.50 m×2.50 m. In terms of the number of rooms - the same as the first option. The size of the steam room is 2.50 m×1.50 m, the waiting room is 1 m×2.50 m. At the same time, it will be possible to organize extra bed for storing firewood. In such conditions, two people can comfortably fit.
• 3 m×3 m. This option can be planned in different ways. If you want the steam room to accommodate three people, then it can be made 3 m x 1.50 m in size; the washing room can be made separate by placing a shower stall there. The size of this room will be 1 m × 1.50 m. There is also a dressing room of 2 m × 1.5 m. You can combine a washing room and a steam room, then there will be space that can be used as a relaxation room, which will also serve as a dressing room.
• 4 m×3 m. In this case, you can separate 4 m2 for the steam room (for example, 2 m × 2 m). The washing room will occupy 1 m × 1.50 m, leaving 2 m × 3 m for the rest room. In such conditions, four people can comfortably fit. They will be able to be in the steam room at the same time, and also enjoy communication in the waiting room.
• 4 m×4 m. In such an area you can already turn around well. The steam room can be left measuring 2 m × 2 m. A separate dressing room can be made measuring 2 m × 1.50 m. The rest room in this case is 4 m × 2 m (one side will be 2.50 m). The washing room can be combined with a rest room, for this purpose it is installed electric boiler and a shower stall. They can be placed in one of the corners of the room, which does not take up much space.

These are indicative examples. You can easily vary the size of the premises within accessible limits. You may want to reduce the steam room because... there is no need for 4 people to be there at the same time. At the same time, it will be possible to expand the space of the rest room.

Choosing material

Various materials can be used to build walls. Much will depend on the project you choose, as well as the amount of money planned. For example, you can use ordinary brick. You can read how to build a brick sauna here. The following points will be positive:

• availability;
• ease of delivery;
• relative ease of construction;
• long service life (with proper care– up to 150 years);
• ease of maintenance;
• possibility of combination with the main structure;
• when using new brick there is no need for cladding;
• freedom to choose the form of construction.

TO negative aspects can be attributed:

• high cost of material;
• the need for good ventilation, because brick has poor vapor conductivity;
• lighting such a bathhouse takes more time than building made of wood;
• high costs for interior decoration.

Along with brick, foam block is often used. This is a more progressive material; it has properties characteristic only of it:

• light weight with large size;
• high laying speed;
• ease of adjustment of block shapes;
• good thermal insulation;
• relatively low price;
• excellent sound insulation;
• environmental friendliness;
• If you follow the recommendations, there will be little glue consumption.

There is also a fly in the ointment:

• uneven pores can be a problem when hanging furniture;
• Shrinkage may occur over several months;
• poor bending resistance.

The most favorite manufacturing method is a rounded log. A lot can be said about its advantages, here are just a few:

• high environmental friendliness;
• pleasant appearance;
• low heat capacity;
• no need for interior and exterior finishing;
• pleasant internal atmosphere.

The negative side is:

• unprofitable to use in small buildings;
• some complexity of construction;
• high cost of material;
• long shrinkage time.

One of the cheapest and fastest options is the construction of a frame structure. Minimal construction skills will be required for this method. The advantages are:

• no need for a massive foundation;
• availability of materials;
• relatively low cost compared to other options;
• ease of care;
• very fast heating of the steam room with good insulation;
• ease of laying communications;
• seismic resistance;
• no shrinkage.

One of the disadvantages is the need to organize good sound insulation. High level of noise – transmission of various vibrations, which can cause inconvenience. It is also important to ensure good ventilation so that moisture does not accumulate inside, which will lead to the development of fungus and mold.

Strip foundation

In the case where a really small bathhouse is planned, there is no point in sinking the foundation to the level of soil freezing. This will only increase the overall cost of the project. With proper manufacturing and waterproofing, you won’t have to worry about the walls being cold. This type of foundation will be relevant for any of the listed building options.

• The first thing that needs to be done is to clearly define the territory that will be allocated for construction.
• Next, debris is removed. In addition, you will need to remove upper layer soil with grass to make it easier for you to carry out further tasks.
• Using pegs, the boundaries of the future building are marked.
• Special holders are made to make it easier to navigate with excavation. To do this, two pieces of board 50x50 cm (or whatever is at hand) are sharpened on one side and connected using a transverse crossbar from a board 10 cm wide, its length should be about 70 cm. You will need 8 such structures. They are installed two at each corner of the house. Between them two fishing lines are stretched to the width of the future foundation. Be sure to check that all angles correspond to 90°. This way you get clearly defined lines that will be difficult to move even if you hit them.

At the stage of laying the foundation, provision is made for the supply of necessary communications. This could be a water supply and sewer drain for washing water.

Pile foundation

There are several ways to build a foundation. Piles can be bored or driven. In the first case, a well is drilled, formwork is made, reinforcement rods are lowered and the entire space is filled with concrete. In the second option, ready-made concrete, wooden or metal posts with a pointed end are driven in immediately. The most suitable options for a small bath will be screw ones. They consist of a metal base in the form of a pipe and blades that help immerse the supports into the ground. You can purchase them or make them yourself. If you chose the second option, then you need to act like this:

• The first step is to find out to what depth the soil freezes. To do this, you can contact the appropriate service.
• Pipe blanks with a diameter of 110 mm are purchased. The thickness of its wall should be more than 3 mm. The total length should be such that it can be sunk below the freezing level by 50 cm and at the same time so that it is 30-40 cm above the ground surface. Additionally, you can buy blanks for screws. It is also necessary to make a square cap on the pile. It should be 25x25 cm in size and 5-6 mm thick.

In each of the described options, separate supporting elements for the stove, especially if you plan to use a heater. This is very important, because its weight can be large, which can lead to damage to the floor and joists.

Construction of brick walls

For a bathhouse, it is better to use red brick, which has undergone heat treatment and has a lower thermal capacity. To calculate the amount of material needed, you need to calculate the area of ​​each wall. To do this, the width is multiplied by the length. Then you need to divide this number by the area of ​​one brick. The area of ​​the masonry joints can be neglected, because you will still need to make a reserve in case of battle or marriage.

The wall can be erected using several methods:

• in two bricks with external insulation.
• with air gaps, they are about 6 cm;
• with a layer of insulation between two rows of bricks.

Work begins with the construction of corners. This is an important process because... It is they who will subsequently ensure the correctness of the entire structure. To maintain the vertical level of future walls, two are dug into the corners. metal profiles 5x5 cm and a length equal to the height of the future walls. They are leveled and secured with jibs. A fishing line is stretched between them to the height of one row. After it is laid, the line is rearranged to the height of the next one. The thickness of the seam should be about 20-25 mm. It should be applied at a distance of no more than a meter so that it does not have time to dry. Additionally, the plane is checked using bubble level. If the second and third types of masonry are chosen, then it is necessary to ensure a bandage between the two walls. This is achieved by laying two bricks transversely opposite each other at certain intervals. Also, each row should be offset by half a brick to ensure the overall interweaving of the entire plane.

Above the windows or doorways a jumper must be installed. Usually it is reinforced concrete. You can purchase it ready-made or pour it directly on site. It should extend beyond the openings by at least 25 cm. Supports are installed and mounted on them. wooden plank. Two rows of bricks are laid out on edge. Between them there are reinforcement rods, which should also extend 25 cm beyond the opening, and it is better to bend them to intertwine them with the existing masonry. Concrete is poured inside. After complete hardening (usually 10-12 days), the lower supports can be dismantled and the logs removed.

Walls made of foam blocks

The general installation principle will be the same as in the previous case. You should also start with the corners, which must be accurately and clearly set.

In the same way, guides are made from profiled pipes. But there are some nuances:

• In order to achieve the best adhesion, the base row is laid on cement mortar. It is better to make the ratio with sand 1:3. It is very important to endure horizontal plane so that all other rows also lie correctly.
• All other rows are fixed with special glue.
• The thickness of the adhesive layer should not exceed 5 mm. Only in this case will it be possible to achieve ideal thermal insulation.
• Every 3 rows a seam is placed metal grid, which serves to provide additional rigidity.
• Foam blocks are placed on the edge.
• Lintels over doors and windows are made in the same way as in the case of brickwork.

Log walls

This is exactly the option that comes to mind when it comes to a bathhouse. To make it, you will need to stock up on rounded or profiled logs. It is better to make from this material external wall. Because The structure is small, it is good if the partitions are framed.

After the construction of the walls is completed, primary caulking is performed. During which the hanging insulation is simply driven into the joints. Complete shrinkage of the building can last more than 1.5 years.

Frame walls

After the foundation is erected, an additional foundation is made for such a structure. It is carried out according to the example of the grillage discussed above. For corner posts we will need exactly the same timber as for the base. In addition, you will need to stock up on edged boards with a length equal to the height of the future walls, a width equal to the width of the grillage and a thickness of 5-10 cm.

• At the base, it is imperative to check the diagonals so that they are the same. It is attached to the concrete foundation using anchor bolts. It is advisable to recess the head. For this purpose, a countersunk groove is made in advance. Waterproofing made of bicrost or roofing felt is laid under the grillage on a concrete foundation.

Erection of the roof

For small buildings ideal solution there will be a pitched roof. It is necessary to plan its production at the design stage. It is very important to be able to raise one wall higher than the other. When this is done, in the case of a wall made of brick and foam block, waterproofing made of bicrost or roofing material is laid on the upper end. Additional beams are mounted on it, which will serve as a Mauerlat. They are attached to the base using anchor bolts or walled-in studs. Beams are laid on top onto which the sheathing will be placed. They can be secured to the Mauerlat using metal corners.

In another option, the walls are made the same. Ceiling beams are laid on the Mauerlat. On one side are installed vertical boards, which will form a pediment, from which the rafter legs descend to the other wall. At the point where they adjoin the Mauerlat, they are cut to the required angle. They are secured with metal corners. To make it easier to maintain the roof in one plane, the two outermost elements are installed first. A string is stretched between them, which will serve as a level.

The ceiling must be insulated. A vapor barrier is attached to the top of the ceiling crossbars. Thick foil can play this role. Insulation in the form of mineral wool is placed in the space between the beams. Additionally it closes plastic film. The inside is hemmed using wooden lining or polished edged boards.

Finish line

An integral part of every sauna is the stove. You can make it yourself from sheet material or metal pipe large diameter. In another version, it is laid out of brick, but in this case it can take up a large space. For small spaces, it is better to use electric options that are purchased ready-made.

A shelf is installed inside the steam room. It is better not to use coniferous wood for it, because... When heated, it may release resin, causing burns. Good stuff for her there will be aspen, larch, linden or oak. If the space is small, a width of 40 cm will be sufficient; it is more convenient when there is a footrest. The fastening material must be flush so as not to burn the skin (it must also be made of stainless material). It is better if the entire structure is assembled on dowels.

For wiring, you must use a double braided cable. It is better if it is non-flammable (usually the marking has the prefix “ng”). Be sure to lay the conductor in the corrugation. There are no switches installed in the steam room itself. The lamps used are waterproof with an IP68 index.

Make sure there is good ventilation. To do this, you can install an adjustable supply valve, as well as anemostats with an outlet to the gable through the roof. This will be enough to ensure that all moisture is removed after taking a steam bath.

As you can see, there are no restrictions on what you can build a small bathhouse from. Choose the option that suits you best.

Small sauna with your own hands - how to build

This article tells you how to build a small sauna. Find out more about preferred materials, sizes and other options.

What and how to build a simple bathhouse in the country?

Washing in a country bathhouse is a pleasure available to everyone. Its construction does not require large financial investments. In a minimal plan, such a structure is erected in a few days.

In this article we will look at the topic of how to build the simplest bathhouse in your country house quickly and inexpensively.

Let's start by studying ready-made options, we will discuss the designs of walls, floors, stoves and sewers that are popular among craftsmen.

Design Features

The main conditions for the comfort of any bath are:

• Walls, floor and ceiling well protected from heat loss.
• Reliable insulation of structures from water and steam.
• Compact, quick heating oven.
• Effective sewerage and ventilation.

Examples of country baths

In photo No. 1 we see a simple bathhouse, reminiscent of Diogenes’ barrel. You can only take a steam bath in it. You won't be able to wash yourself here because there is no sewage system in the building. However, if desired, it is not difficult to do. To do this, you need to install a standard shower tray in the corner of the bathhouse and lead the drain pipe into the septic tank.

An important advantage of this design is its low weight, allowing it to be placed on a plank terrace.

The construction of the simplest bathhouse from the container category is shown in photo No. 2.

It consists of one steam room. For washing, the owner needs to attach a canopy with summer shower or supplement the room with sewerage, and the stove with a tank for heating water.

Improvising on the theme of a barrel-shaped bath, let’s pay attention to cellular polycarbonate. It can be quickly and easily assembled original design. In order for it to retain heat well, you will need two large sheets of this material and a frame made of metal or wooden blocks. A mineral wool insulation 10 cm thick is laid between them.

The ends of the building can be made from boards, stuffed onto an insulated wooden frame. Place such a bathhouse anywhere: at your dacha, on a polar ice floe or on the top of Everest and you will always be comfortable in its steam room (photo No. 5).

A small Russian bathhouse, made from scraps of timber, can be installed on oak posts. We see an example of such a structure in photograph No. 6.

Larger structures require their own foundation. There are three possible options here:

1. Rubble concrete tape.
2. Brick columns.
3. Piles made of asbestos cement pipes.

Do not forget that the type of foundation affects the choice of material and wall design. Pile and columnar foundations are used to install a wooden frame, as well as for bathhouses made of timber or logs (photos No. 7 and No. 8).

The “tape” of rubble concrete is suitable for any walls (made of gas silicate blocks, logs and frames).

A cheap, reliable and simple version of a bathhouse is obtained using a technology called “clay mortar”. For such a structure you will need little: a truck of firewood, a cart of straw and a dump truck of clay (photo No. 10).

The best shape for a wood burning structure is round. It eliminates the need to reinforce masonry corners and looks aesthetically pleasing and original.

By borrowing from birds the technology of building nests from branches and clay, you can build such a simple and warm bathhouse (photo No. 11).

Recommendations for choosing finishing, insulation, sewerage installation, flooring, roofing and stove

For exterior finishing For a frame bath, we can recommend the following materials:

• Wooden blockhouse.
• Metal tiles or corrugated sheets.
• Plastic siding.
• Cement particle board (CSB).
• OSB board.
• Flat slate.

It is best to use ecowool as insulation. It does not accumulate moisture, does not rot and does not burn. If ecowool is not available in your region, then you can buy ordinary mineral insulation in the form of a semi-rigid slab. It is easily and simply placed in the spaces between the frame posts.

To protect mineral wool from water vapor and reduce heat loss, the walls are lined with sheets of foil polyethylene. After this, a frame of slats is attached to them and trimmed with wood: alder, linden or pine clapboard (photo No. 13).

We do not recommend installing OSB board indoors. This material releases toxic gases when exposed to high temperatures.

Options for steam and thermal insulation of walls of a frame structure, as well as a bathhouse built from blocks or logs, are presented in Figure No. 1.

Building a simple bathhouse with your own hands includes sewerage. It can be made from standard plastic pipes led into a cesspool or drainage well.

The water intake funnel is placed in the center or in the corner of the room, and the floor is made in the form of expanded clay concrete screed with a slope towards the drain. Before concreting, you need to compact the soil and cover it with several layers of waterproofing. Wooden flooring is an excellent option, but in a bathhouse it quickly rots and requires replacement. Instead, we recommend making gratings from wooden slats and laying them on a concrete screed. After washing, they can be removed, taken outside and dried.

The design of the bath ceiling is standard. First, a vapor barrier film is “attached” to the rafters and counter-battens (3x4 cm) are stuffed. A clapboard cladding is attached to them. The gaps between the rafters are filled with insulation and covered with under-roofing film. It protects it from weathering and atmospheric moisture (Fig. No. 2).

A counter-lattice is placed on the film, creating a ventilated gap between the roof and the insulation. The work on installing the ceiling and roof is completed by installing the main sheathing and laying the roofing material (slate or metal tiles).

The main “detail” is any country bathhouse- bake. It should provide rapid heating of the air and maintain a high temperature. A metal stove heats up the fastest.

To accumulate heat and create steam, it must be equipped with a compartment for stones. There are many options for stoves for simple baths, so we will not dwell on them in detail. Let's just say that the easiest way to make a heat generator is from steel pipe large diameter, old gas cylinder or barrel (photo No. 15). Another easy-to-use material is a steel sheet 3-5 mm thick (photo No. 16).

Mastering the simplest techniques welding work, you can assemble such a structure without outside help.

A simple do-it-yourself bathhouse - options and construction features

Options for simple baths made of various materials, photos of examples and their descriptions. Recommendations for building a simple bathhouse at the dacha with your own hands.