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Podocarpus is classified in the Podocarpaceae family, which contains about 19 genera and almost 200 species. The plant is an evergreen representative of the flora, and takes on a shrub or tree form. It can be found in the literature under the name Nocarp. It is quite ancient, since representatives of this family (Podocarpacidae) were settled throughout the ancient supercontinent Gondwana. The plant got its name by combining two words Greek language"????", which means foot and "??????" - fruit. It mainly likes to settle in mountains with a tropical climate - these can be territories extending south of Chile and New Zealand, and in the northern direction, podocarpus is found from Japanese to Mexican lands. The problem is that the vast podocarp forests that are located in south-eastern African areas are being mercilessly cut down and are now on the verge of extinction. But still, such forests, consisting of podocarpus, are still preserved at heights inaccessible to humans.
The plant is distinguished by a wide variety of forms; giant trees are described in the literature, whose height reached about 80 m, and the girth of the trunk measured 2 m (podocarpus uzambarensis), and there are some species in which thin shoots spread along the soil surface (podocarpus snowy).
Podocarpus is a coniferous plant that can measure from half a meter to 2 m in height. Under conditions of natural growth, its tree-like form extends its branches up to 12 m. The stems of the legcarp grow straight and become lignified with age. The leaf plates have nothing in common with the needles of representatives of the trees we are used to. coniferous species. They differ in their elongated, knife-shaped shape, but they are also oval or ovoid, with a pointed tip. Some varieties of podocarpus are distinguished by a pronounced vein pattern. The surface is shiny and smooth, rich green, and can reach 0.5–15 cm in length and ten centimeters in width. The needle-leaves are arranged on the stem in a spiral pattern, but in some species the leaf blade is twisted, and such leaves are arranged in two horizontal rows. Podocarpus blooms with dioecious flowers (when there are flowers of both sexes on the same tree or bush), although this feature is not found in all species.
Some types of podocarpus are grown in gardens, where their fruits in the form of berries are used as food. They have a reddish, purple or bluish tint and can be consumed either raw or cooked. The inside of the fruit is somewhat sticky and has sweet taste. But, nevertheless, the plant has slight toxicity, so it is recommended to eat the fruits in limited quantities. Podocarpus is also often used in traditional local medicine. Birds love to feast on the fruits of this plant, and then they spread the podocarpus seeds around the circumference with droppings.
In the homeland of these plants, podocarpus wood, which is distinguished by its beauty and strength, is highly valued. The footcarp appeared in Europe only in early XIX century and began to be grown both in gardens (in the southern climate) and in pot culture. The plant has the ability inherent in all conifers to purify the air by releasing phytoncides.
Legwort is quite unpretentious when grown at home. If this plant is grown in a pot, then it is customary to form a bonsai from it. But sometimes the species is considered ampelous, since without specially made support the branches and the stem of the podocarpus itself begin to droop down. The shape of the plant is given by pruning and using improvised means of fastening (for example, wire). The growth rate of the footcarp is very low.
Creating conditions for the cultivation of podocarpus
- Lighting. The plant loves sunlight very much, so it can be installed on south-facing windows, but window sills where the rays of the sun peer into it at sunset or dawn are also suitable. But the plant can also remain quietly in the shade. The only thing is that if the podocarpus doesn’t get enough sunlight, its needle leaves will become very elongated. And yet, it is customary to hide the plant from hot rays at midday, as they can cause burns on leaf surfaces. The plant must be protected from possible drafts. If the podocarpus is placed on outdoors, then they try to choose an appropriate place (without bright sunlight and not in a draft).
- Content temperature. The plant needs to be grown at moderate thermometer readings. 18–20 degrees, but this is provided that there was cold wintering. With the onset of autumn, Podocarpus must be kept in cool unheated rooms, in which the temperature would not fall below 12 degrees, since this mark is already destructive for the legworm (but in some literature there is a mention that the plant can tolerate 8 degrees during the wintering period). The most important thing is to ensure optimal winter rest for podocarpus with a temperature of 12–13 degrees. If such conditions are not maintained, then the plant will not have a period winter holiday and at high temperatures in city apartments, it will continue to grow, become exhausted and die.
- Air humidity. Podocarpus loves high humidity levels, especially during those periods when the temperature becomes higher than comfortable for the plant. To do this, it is necessary to periodically spray with soft water. This procedure can be done daily in hot weather. You can also use various humidifiers to raise humidity levels. Sometimes it is useful to place a pot with a plant in a deep tray slightly filled with moistened expanded clay or small pebbles.
- Watering podocarpus. The plant must be watered regularly and quite abundantly (about once a week); the soil in the pot should never dry out, as this will have a detrimental effect on the crown of the tree and its root system. It is customary to cover the soil in the pot with a layer of sphagnum moss; it not only retards the evaporation of moisture and drying out of the soil, but also serves as a kind of indicator for moistening the podocarpus; if all the moss is dry, then it is necessary to urgently water the podocarpus. However, if the lower part of the flooring is still damp, then watering is postponed for a day. For humidification, use soft water, which is obtained by settling or boiling tap water, or you can pass tap water through a filter. IN winter time resting soil moisture is halved. If the plant begins to change the color of the leaves to gray, then watering is too abundant.
- Applying fertilizing for the legs. You can use liquid fertilizers for bonsai-style plants - apply once every 14 days in spring. summer period, but as soon as the plant is in winter dormancy, the podocarpus is fed only once every month and a half. You can use iron chelate and acidify the water, since the plant loves acidic soil - this fertilizer is applied once a year. Such fertilizers will relieve the plant from possible chlorosis.
- Selecting soil and replanting podocarpus. For replanting plants, choose pots made of ceramics in light colors. If the plant is young, then its pot and soil are changed every year; in adult specimens, such a change occurs only once every 2-3 years. The time for this procedure is chosen in early spring (but when pruning roots, cool temperatures are required and replanting is carried out from late autumn to early spring). Since the roots grow well, you should trim from 1/3 to 1/2 of the entire root system. Then the plant is planted in a prepared container of large volume. On the root shoots of podocarpus there are small tubers with nitrogen-fixing bacteria; they look like grains of semolina. Therefore, if this is noticed, then this is not a cause for concern.
- compost soil, clay turf soil, river sand, you can add finely crushed brick chips (the proportions of all ingredients are equal) and a little deciduous soil, about 0.5 parts;
- garden or turf soil, humus from needles or leaves, peat soil, coarse sand (all parts of the components are equal);
- clay-turf or leaf soil, bark humus, river sand, heather soil (all parts are equal);
- leaf soil and compost soil, in equal parts;
- humus soil and coarse sand, in equal parts.
Podocarpus propagation at home
In order to propagate the legcarp, the method is used seed propagation and cuttings. However, any of the methods is quite complicated.
After the podocarpus seed material has been collected or purchased, it must be stratified. To do this, the seeds must be placed in a small container in which a peat-sand mixture is poured. Seed material is poured on top of the substrate, and this mixture is also covered on top. The height of the container should measure no more than 15 cm, otherwise there will be a possibility of uneven seed germination. The soil mixture with crops is slightly moistened, the container is covered plastic bag and put in the refrigerator in the vegetable compartment, where temperature indicators always be within 0–5 degrees. It is necessary to carefully ensure that the substrate in the container does not dry out; for this, moistening is done once every 2 weeks. As soon as the seeds hatch, they must be transferred to a mini-greenhouse for further growth. Most often this happens in early summer. If necessary, such sowing is carried out at the end of winter.
Breeding time should be in the spring months. To cut cuttings, lignified shoots are selected and planted in a siliceous substrate. Required terms for rooting are constant heating of the soil in a pot with cuttings (within 18–20 degrees) and clay-sand soil (in proportions 1:2). Phytohormones are also used for successful rooting. The plants remain in these initial pots until the following spring.
You can root non-lignified cuttings (this year's growth) by placing them in a container filled with water. Once the roots of the plant are formed, it can be planted in the ground for plants in the form of a bonsai.
Harmful insects and problems in growing podocarpus
If sheet plates are purchased yellow tint or they began to turn pale and this is accompanied by stretching of the shoots - a consequence of insufficient lighting, and if these symptoms appear without stretching the branches - the cause is insufficient moisture of the substrate.
Podocarpus is quite resistant to pests, but still, with increased dry air, it can be damaged spider mite. Modern insecticides are used to combat this harmful insect. Podocarpus must be thoroughly sprayed, preferably covering the soil in the pot with a plastic bag. To consolidate the result, the operation is repeated after 3 weeks. It is rare, but you can see pests such as scale insects on podocarpus, mealybugs, thrips. When these problems appear, pests generally manifest themselves as a sticky formation on the leaf plates or a flour-like coating. In this case, the plant must be sprayed with the solutions described above.
Sometimes, if podocarpus cuttings have just taken root and have been transplanted, aphid damage may occur. It is necessary to immediately spray with pesticides or insecticides. In addition to this method, you can also use folk methods - treating the leaves and stems of the plant with soap, oil or alcohol solutions.
The footcarp can be subject to various rots or fungal infections. This is due to stagnation of water in the pot and lack of quality drainage. If this problem occurs, the plant must be treated with a fungicide.
Formation of the podocarpus crown
When the plant begins to grow and some branches begin to go beyond the established forms for podocarpus, you will have to trim these shoots and treat the cut areas with a special disinfectant (for example, well-ground activated carbon), which can be purchased at a flower shop. It is also advised not to use a disinfectant such as garden pitch, as it penetrates very deeply into the plant bark and leaves unsightly spotting. If shoots appear that sprout from the root itself, then they should also be removed, since over time such shoots cover the stem.
Podocarpus species
- Large-leaved podocarpus (Podocarpus macrophyllus). Native habitat of China, Japan and Taiwan. This species grows in northern areas. Can settle at altitudes of 1000 m above sea level. It was recorded in Yunnan province as a low bush form at an altitude of 2400 m. The plant never changes the color of the leaves, reaching a height of 5–20 m and sometimes having a trunk diameter of up to 60 cm. The leaf blades are arranged alternately in a spiral sequence. Their shape is pointed-ruled or lanceolate with sharp apices at both ends. The length of the leaves can vary from 2.5 to 14 cm, with a width ranging from 3–13 mm. The flowers of the plant are dioecious: the staminate male flowers have the shape of elongated cone-shaped earrings, reaching 3 cm in length; women's - single. Fruiting occurs in round, green berries with a centimeter diameter, which become purple when ripe. Inside, the fruits are quite fleshy and riddled with purple veins. In the middle of the berry there are egg-shaped seeds of light brown tones with dimensions of 10x8 mm. The flowering process lasts from mid to late spring. The trunks have grey-red-brown bark, which may come off in the form of long, fleecy blades. The outer cortex is about 4 mm brown tone, inner - 3–5 mm pinkish.
- Podocarpus Nageia. A tree that bears flowers of both sexes and grows up to 24 m in height. If the plant has the shape of a bush, then its shoots grow very wide and have a curved shape. The buds of the footcarp are cone-shaped and measure 3 mm.
- Podocarpus totara. A plant characterized by a tree-like shape, with a slender trunk, which in the natural environment can reach 40 m with a diameter of 2.5 m. When the plant is young, the trunk is covered with a thick fibrous reddish-brown bark, which becomes light brownish with age.
Podocarpus, sometimes called Podocarpus, belongs to the Podocarpus family. It is a tree or shrub evergreen coniferous plant. In nature, some species can reach 60 m in height. Species grown in room conditions, significantly lower, about 2 m. With proper pruning, the Nogocarp forms neat bushes or trees. Most often, in indoor culture, Nogocarp is shaped into a decorative compact dense bush, about a meter high. Some species are successfully used for growing bonsai.
The needles of the plant are narrow, long, up to 10 cm, belt-like leathery leaves of a dark green color, which are arranged around the shoot in a spiral. At proper care they are quite thick, which creates an attractive decorative appearance.
Nogocarp blooms with a candle-shaped panicle characteristic of most conifers. Later, a fruit forms in its place purple, vaguely reminiscent of a cherry in shape. The seeds are attached to the shoot using a bright red stalk, which is twice the size of the seed itself. In indoor conditions, it is usually not possible to achieve flowering and fruit formation, but even without them, the Nogocarp looks quite interesting and decorative. The plant is dioecious, which also often becomes an obstacle to fruit production.
Growing
To grow Nogocarp, use containers that match the size of the plant and its root ball. Replanting is recommended once every two to three years.
Shoots of the Nogocarp most often grow vertically. Regular pruning is recommended to give them the desired shape. When creating bonsai, special technology is used.
The plant is a slow-growing plant and requires regular fertilizing with complex fertilizers for decorative foliage.
Watering in summer is recommended to be moderate; the earthen ball should be kept moist, but without overflowing. In winter, it decreases against the backdrop of a decrease in temperature, thus providing the plant with a period of rest.
Diseases and pests
Fungal diseases, scale insects, mealybugs.
Reproduction
Cuttings.
First steps after purchase
You can leave him in quarantine for two to three weeks. During this period, it is advisable to carry out treatment with chemicals for the purpose of prevention.
Secrets of success
The footcarp is relatively unpretentious. In the warm season it can grow on a balcony or veranda. Having chosen a sufficiently lit place for it with a short period of exposure to direct sunlight and maintaining optimal normal height temperature, you can get healthy and attractive specimens.
The plant is not heat-loving. The most acceptable indicators for it in summer are about +20°C, and in winter period no more than +10°С, but not lower than +6°С. At higher temperatures during the cold season, the Nogocarp may die.
Possible difficulties
The tips of the leaves dry out
Reasons: 1) insufficient watering, 2) heat content.
Leaves fall
Reasons: 1) high room temperature.
Podocarpus is a coniferous plant belonging to the Nocarpaceae family. It grows in the subtropical and tropical zones of the Southern Hemisphere. This tree can reach a height of about 12 m.
Called the “Buddhist pine,” this coniferous tree is characterized by powerful branches extending horizontally from the trunk, evergreen leaves and densely branched shoots.
This genus unites more than 100 species, but only a few of them have taken root in Western Europe.
This is very light-loving plant, That's why all year round it can be kept in a sunny place.
And in order for the podocarpus to develop normally, it simply needs warmth. In winter, the temperature in which this plant will be located should not be less than 13 ° C. However, there is an important condition - the absence of drafts.
Podocarpus should be planted in ceramic dishes of medium depth. The shape of such a container should correspond to the style of the tree.
As it grows, growing shoots should be removed from the trunk of the plant. Also, it is periodically necessary to check the podocarpus for the presence of insects that like to settle under the bark of the trunk (especially for peeling areas).
Watering should be regular and moderate. The surface of the container should always be slightly moistened. A tree like this requires good drainage.
In order to maintain the required level of humidity around the tree, you should regularly spray it with water using a spray bottle. If necessary, in winter, dishes with podocarpus can be placed on a bowl, which is filled with wet pebbles or expanded clay.
In autumn and spring period Podocarpus should be fed organic fertilizers, which have the ability to slowly decompose. If the tree is absolutely healthy, then you can feed it in winter.
Planting Podocarpus
This plant grows very slowly. When planting podocarpus, you should give preference to soil that consists of leaf and compost soil, compost and river sand V equal parts. This plant prefers loose, fresh and well-drained soils.
Podocarpus transplantation should be carried out once every 2-3 years, and this should happen in the spring. The plant needs to be cut off from a third to a half of the root masses, after which it is transplanted into a larger container.
During the growing season top part young shoots should be regularly pinched with the index and thumb.
But you need to get rid of shoots that are too long with scissors, and they should be cut above the whorls of leaves so that the needles themselves are not damaged. Also, if necessary, you need to remove long individual sheets.
Podocarpus propagation
After the podocarpus seeds have been collected, they must be stratified. Only after this can they be sown in June in warm greenhouse. If necessary, this procedure can be performed in February.
If we're talking about about the propagation of podocarpus by means of cuttings, then a certain procedure should be followed. Cuttings are taken from almost lignified shoots, after which they need to be planted in siliceous soil located in a greenhouse.
Podocarpus, or Podocarp, or Podocarpus, is an evergreen, slow-growing coniferous plant of the Podocarpaceae family. It is a tree or shrub 0.5 - 2 m high.
At home, in the tropics and subtropics of the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth, the footcarp reaches 9 - 12 m in height. The leaves of the plant are belt-shaped, linear, shiny, about 7 cm long. Stems are erect, woody.
What you will learn from this material:
Podocarpus podocarpus photo
Branch of a podocarp or footcarp. © wizdaz
Popular Podocarpus species
The Podocarpus genus has about 100 plant species.
The most popular type of footcarp is large-leaved footcarp(Podocarpus macrophyllus), this species is of the Maki variety, which is characterized by its compact size and small leaves. In addition, you can find on sale Naga's footcarp(Podocarpus nageia) and Totara's footcarp(Podocarpus totara).
from podocarp. © anolba
Podocarpus care
Podocarpus is a light-loving plant, it needs bright light with some direct sunlight. The footcarp requires cool keeping; the temperature in winter should not be lower than 6 °C, but not higher than 10..12 °C. Nogocarp tolerates dry indoor air well, and in the hot summer it is advisable to spray the leaves.
Water the plant regularly, abundantly in summer, moderately in winter, not allowing the earthen clod to dry out. Feed podocarpus once a month with complex fertilizer. Replanting is carried out once a year, in the spring, the soil is prepared from a mixture of clay-turf soil, leaf soil and sand in a ratio of 2:1:1, the reaction should be close to neutral.
Young podocarp in a pot. © Kelby Miller
Adult specimens can be replanted every 2 to 3 years. By using regular pruning the leg can be given the desired shape.
Podocarpus propagation
The plant is propagated by stem cuttings. Rooting of podocarpus is quite difficult; phytohormones and bottom heating are required. Reproduction is possible using seeds.
The footcarp is rarely affected by diseases and pests.
Podocarpus podocarpus
Podocarpus chinensis from the family Podocarpus chinensis is found in botanical gardens and personal collections under the “illegal” from the point of view of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature name “Podocmpus maki”.
Like all East Asian species of the genus, it bears little resemblance to a conifer. Lanceolate bluish-green dense leathery leaves, reaching 10 cm in length, are located on the branches of this low, strongly branched, crooked-trunked dioecious tree in a dense spiral.
A bunch of young leaves, even from a short distance, can be mistaken for a peculiar creamy-greenish flower. All appearance plants, its intricately twisted shoots evoke images of the ancient parks of Japan and China, where the footcarp has actually been grown since ancient times. The conditions for cultivating Chinese legwort are similar to those of Bidwill's araucaria, only the former is much more shade-tolerant and does not like direct sun.
By the way, typical for most conifer cones the legworm does not. If a lush Chinese footcarp tree grows in your apartment, then upon reaching 20 years of age, small bluish seeds on fleshy bright red legs will easily form on the female specimen.
But if your tree belongs to the “strong half” of the representatives of its species, then small cylindrical “earrings” appear on the mature tree - male strobili that produce pollen. Chinese footcarp - perfect plant for bonsai, especially for indoor version dwarf tree crops.
The simple requirements of this plant are complemented by some biological features, valuable from the point of view of bonsai lovers. Chinese footcarp grows evenly, tolerates both deep and profiling pruning, and has flexible shoots that, without much risk, can be given the desired shape using wire.
Moreover, he has a very at a young age a real stem is formed, giving the very young plant the appearance of a respectable tree.
Podocarpus chinensis (Podocarpus chinensis)
And finally, another important advantage is longevity. Like many of its brethren, the Chinese plant can live for several hundred years. Some old specimens in Kyoto parks and cities in China's Zhejiang province are believed to be over 1,000 years old.
In private collections in the south of Japan, there are known bonsai of the Chinese footcarp, the age of which also probably exceeded ten centuries. True, we are talking about garden bonsai, which received the obscure name “container plants” in Europe and Russia.
For most of the territory of our country, the eastern technology of garden bonsai is unacceptable, but nothing will prevent you from growing legwort as a crop - in the cold season in the room, and in the summer - on fresh air.
In the southern regions of Russia, the “summer period” for Chinese footcarp can last from early spring to late autumn, but also in middle lane this spectacular plant can give your summer cottage unusual oriental flavor. If you do not have the opportunity to take your pet out of town, he will be satisfied that you will keep him on the balcony all summer. The footcarp will gratefully respond to periodic spraying in the evening.
If you live in the center of a large city, regularly wipe off dust from the leaves. By the way, unlike many other evergreen species recommended for indoor bonsai, the Chinese legwort very easily tolerates “moving” from the street to the house (and back) and easily tolerates low indoor humidity in winter. And as for giving your home a spirit Far East Chinese footcarp is undoubtedly unparalleled.
Podocarpus bonsai
Origin . Japan, China, India.
Description. Podocarpus or Podocarpus is an evergreen coniferous tree with a very branched trunk. Young branches are located vertically, but droop with age. The leaves are flat, needle-shaped, leathery with a pronounced central vein, about 7 cm long. Young plants have lighter green leaves, with age the foliage darkens.
Height. Podocarpus grows very slowly and mostly young plants are kept indoors. In cultivation, the height of this tree can be adjusted by pruning.
1. Podocarpus care at home
1.1.Temperature conditions
Podocarpus does not have a pronounced dormant period and can be kept all year round at room temperature; it does not like heat. Do not expose to temperatures below 10°C.
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1.2.Lighting
Podocarpus needs bright light throughout the year in the form of reflected sunlight. Does well in light shade, especially during the winter months when growth slows.
1.3.Care
This plant is easy to maintain and adapts well to different conditions and does not require special care. To form a dense, bushy plant, pruning is used, which is carried out in spring or summer. Podocarpus will appreciate being outdoors in the warmer months.
1.4.Substrate
Use well-drained soil with the addition of leaf humus and perlite or coarse river sand. The footcarp adapts well to wide range soil types, from very acidic to slightly alkaline.
1.5.Feeding
Feed monthly liquid fertilizers at half concentration. In autumn and winter, fertilizing can be stopped.
1.6.Purpose
Podocarpus is a very elegant coniferous tree, which can also be kept indoors without any problems. Easily formed into bonsai style.
1.7.Flowering time
Podocarpus does not bloom indoors.
1.8.Air humidity
If the indoor air becomes too dry - for example in winter, when you turn on central heating, use a room humidifier or a tray of wet pebbles to increase humidity.
1.9.Soil moisture
Watering should be moderate throughout the year, the soil should dry out a little before receiving water again. If the plant is kept cool in winter, then the frequency of watering should be reduced, protecting the soil from drying out completely.
1.10.Transfer
The plant feels good in slightly cramped conditions and it is not at all necessary to change the size of the container when replanting. Replant adult legs every two to three years in the spring. For large specimens, change upper layer fresh soil annually.
1.11.Reproduction
Propagated by cuttings 8 - 10 cm long, using rooting preparations. Remove the lower leaves from the cuttings before planting and immerse their bases in a damp mixture of peat and sand. Cover young plants with a transparent bag or glass. Rooting may take up to 8 weeks. Seeds are sown in the spring, but it will take several years to obtain an adult plant.
1.12.Pests and diseases
Podocarpus is a very disease-resistant plant. When overwatered, the tips of the leaves turn brown. When there is insufficient lighting, the lower leaves on the branches become large.
Pests may appear itovki, mealybugs, spider mites. When grown outdoors, the plant can be attacked by slugs and snails.
Insects - pests
| Insect name | Signs of infection | Control measures |
| or felt | The surface of the leaves and shoots is covered with a fluffy, cotton-like white coating. Plants lag behind in development | Folk remedies : spraying with soap and alcohol solution. Infusions of tobacco, garlic, cyclamen tubers, alcohol treatments, and pharmacy tincture of calendula have worked well. Chemicals : green soap solution, Actellik, Fitoverm. |
| Spider mite | Inconspicuous cobwebs on the leaves, yellowing and falling leaves with extensive damage. The surface of the leaf plates becomes dead and covered with small cracks. Plant development slows down. | Traditional methods . Plants can be washed in the shower and left in the bathroom in a humid atmosphere for half an hour. Irradiation ultraviolet lamp every week for 2 minutes. Chemicals based on pyrethrum, sulfur powders, Fitoverm, Actellik. |
| Scale insect and false scale insect | Sticky droplets on the leaves, small yellow spots on the surface of the leaf blades. At widespread Scale insects cause leaves to dry out and fall off. Flowers slow down their development | Traditional methods struggle. Spraying with soap and alcohol solution. Scale insect larvae do not like garlic infusion; they also use pyrethrum-based products. Chemicals. Fitoverm, Aktellik, Fufanon. |
| Snails, slugs | Through holes on leaf blades, traces of mucus on the surface of leaves. | Traditional methods: manual collection of harmful insects, dusting plant leaves with mustard and hot pepper, wood ash mixed with baking soda, tobacco dust. Chemicals: superphosphate granules, copper preparations, Thunderstorm, Slug Eater, Anti-slug, Meta. |
