Edition with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4, approved in June 1976, March 1980, February 1986, March 1989 (IUS 7-76, 5-80, 5-86, 5-89 ).

Resolution State Committee standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated September 3, 1974 No. 2089 date of introduction set

01.07.75

The validity period was removed by Decree of the USSR State Standard of March 13, 1989 No. 455

This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) of product surfaces and establishes groups, technical requirements and coating designations.

1. GROUPS OF COATINGS

1.1. Depending on the purpose of the coating, they are divided into groups established in the table. 1.

Table 1

Coating group	Terms of Use	Designation of operating conditions
Weatherproof	Climatic factors
Waterproof	Sea, fresh water and its vapors
	Fresh water and her couples
	Sea water
Special	X-ray and other types of radiation, deep cold, open flame, biological influences, etc.
	X-ray and other types of radiation
	Deep cold (temperature below minus 60 °C)
	Open flame
	Impact biological factors
Oil and petrol resistant	Mineral oils and lubricants, gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum products
	Mineral oils and lubricants
	Gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum products
Chemical resistant	Various chemical reagents
	Aggressive gases, vapors
	Solutions of acids and acid salts
	Solutions of alkalis and basic salts
	Solutions of neutral salts
Heat resistant	Temperature above 60 °C
Electrical insulating and electrical conductive	Electricity, voltage, electric arc and surface discharges
	Electrical insulating
	Electrically conductive

Note. To designate the operating conditions of heat-resistant coatings, add the value of the maximum temperature, for example, 8,160 °C.

If necessary, the maximum temperature value is also added to the designation of operating conditions for other coatings, for example, 4-60 °C, 6/1 150 °C, 8 200 °C.

Sec. 1.

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Coatings must meet the requirements established in table. 2.

table 2

Coverage class	Name of defect	Standard for coatings
										relief
		plain							patterned (hammer)	"Moire"	"Shagreenevs"
		high gloss	glossy, including with glaze effect		semi-gloss	semi-matte		deep matte	glossy and semi-gloss	semi-matte and matte	semi-matte
	Inclusions:	Not allowed
	quantity, pcs/m 2, no more
	size, mm, no more
	distance between inclusions, mm, not less
		Not allowed					Not allowed
		Not allowed					Not allowed
	Strokes, risks	Not allowed					Not allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more	Not allowed					Not allowed
	Variation of shades	Not allowed					Not allowed
	Inclusions:

	size, mm, no more
	distance between inclusions, mm, no more
		Minor is allowed							Not standardized
	Strokes, risks	Individuals are allowed
		Not allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more	Not allowed
	Variation of shades	Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern	Not standardized							Not allowed
	Inclusions:
	quantity, pcs/m 2, no more
	size, mm, no more

				Minor is allowed					Not standardized
				Not allowed
	Strokes, risks			Individuals are allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades			Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern			Not standardized					Not allowed
	Inclusions:

	size, mm, no more
	distance between inclusions, mm, not less
				Allowed					Not standardized
				Not allowed
	Strokes, risks			Individuals are allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades			Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern			Not standardized					Not allowed
	Inclusions:
	quantity, pcs/dm, no more
	size, mm, no more
					Allowed				Not standardized
					Individuals are allowed
	Strokes, risks				Allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades				Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern				Not standardized				Not allowed
	Inclusions:
	quantity, pcs/dm 2, no more
	size, mm, no more
					Allowed				Not standardized
					Individuals are allowed
	Strokes, risks				Allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades				Allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern				Not standardized				Allowed
	Inclusions				Not standardized						Not standardized
					Not standardized						Not standardized
					Not standardized						Not standardized
	Strokes, risks				Not standardized						Not standardized
	Waviness, mm, no more				Not standardized						Not standardized
	Variation of shades				Not standardized						Not standardized
	Heterogeneity of the pattern				Not standardized						Not standardized

Notes:

1. The sign “-” indicates that the use of coatings for this class is unacceptable or not economically feasible.

2. In technically justified cases, the use of high-gloss coatings for classes III - IV, glossy - for V - VII is allowed. At the same time, the standards for high-gloss coatings of classes III - IV must correspond to the standards for glossy coatings, glossy coatings of classes V - VII - for semi-matte.

3. For products with a painted surface area of less than 1 m2 for classes I - III, the number of inclusions is recalculated for a given area; if the result is not a whole number, then the value is rounded aside more. The table shows the size of one inclusion. When assessing the coating, all inclusions visible under the conditions of clause 2.6 are taken into account. For coatings of all classes, a different number of inclusions is allowed, if the size of each inclusion and the total size of the inclusions does not exceed that indicated for this class in the table.

4. For classes IV - VII, individual surface irregularities are allowed, due to the condition of the surface being painted.

5. For cast products weighing more than 10 tons, it is allowed to increase the waviness of coatings by 2 mm for classes III - VI.

6. It is allowed for welded and riveted products with a painted surface of more than 5 m2 to increase the waviness of coatings by 2.5 mm for III class, by 3.5 mm for classes IV - VI.

7. It is allowed to apply classification and designation according to regulatory and technical documentation if the specifics of the non-metallic materials being painted do not allow characterizing the coating class according to Table. 2.

2.2. Coating defects that affect the protective properties of the coating (punctures, craters, wrinkling, etc.) are not allowed.

2.3. Requirements for the surface of the metal to be painted are given in Appendix 2. Requirements for non-metallic surfaces to be painted are established in the standards or technical specifications for the product.

2.4. Requirements for the roughness of a primed or putty surface are given in Appendix 2a.

2.5. Requirements for the gloss of coatings are given in Appendix 3.

2.6. Inspection is carried out in daylight or artificial diffused light, at a distance of 0.3 m from the subject of inspection. Artificial lighting standards are adopted according to SNiP II-A.9-71.

2.7. Methods for determining gloss and the presence of coating defects are given in Appendix 4. Evaluation of shagreen by a profilograph-profilometer is given in Appendix 5.

2.1 - 2.7.

2.8. Quality control of the coating may be carried out using a sample manufactured and approved in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications on the product.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

3. DESIGNATION OF COATINGS

3.1. The designation of coatings is written in the following order:

a) designation of the paint and varnish material of the outer coating layer according to GOST 9825-73;

b) coating class according to table. 2 or according to the relevant regulatory and technical documentation indicating its designation;

c) designation of operating conditions:

in terms of the impact of climatic factors - a group of operating conditions according to GOST 9.104-79;

in terms of exposure to special environments - according to table. 1.

3.2. It is allowed to write down the designation in the designation of the coating instead of the paint and varnish material of the outer layer of the coating paint and varnish materials V technological sequence application (primer, putty, etc.) indicating the number of layers or designate the coating in accordance with standards or specifications.

3.1, 3.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

3.3. The designation of the paint and varnish material, the coating class and the designation of operating conditions are separated by dots. When exposed to different operating conditions, their designations are separated by a “dash”. Examples of coating designations are given in table. 3.

Table 3

Coverage designation	Coating characteristics
Enamel ML-152 blue. VI.У1	Coating with blue enamel ML-152 according to class II, used on outdoors temperate macroclimatic region
Enamel XC-710 gray. Varnish XC-76.IV.7/2	Coating with gray enamel XC-710 followed by varnishing with XC-76 varnish according to class IV, used when exposed to acid solutions
Enamel XB-124 blue V.7/1-T2	Coating with blue enamel XB-124 according to class V, used under a canopy in an atmosphere polluted by gases from chemical and other industries, in a tropical dry macroclimatic region
Primer FL-03k brown VI.U3	Coating with FL-03k primer according to class IV, used in indoors With natural ventilation without artificially controlled climatic conditions in a temperate macroclimatic region
Enamel PF-115 dark gray 896.III.U1	Coating with dark gray 896 PF-115 enamel of class III, used outdoors in a temperate macroclimatic region

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3, 4).

3.4. When designating coatings, it is allowed to indicate special conditions operation by full name.

3.5. If the painted surface is simultaneously or alternately in different conditions operation, then they are all indicated in the designation. In this case, the main condition of operation is put in first place.

3.6. If the paint coating is preceded by a metallic or non-metallic inorganic coating, then their designations are separated by a fraction line, and the designation of the paint coating is placed in second place. For example, a cadmium coating with a thickness of 6 microns, followed by painting with red-brown polyvinyl butyral enamel VL-515 according to class III, for the operation of the coating when exposed to petroleum products:

Kd6/Enamel VL-515 red-brown. III.6/2

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

ANNEX 1 . (Deleted, Amendment No. 3).

APPENDIX 2

Mandatory

Requirements for painted metal surfaces

Coverage class	Name of indicators of the surface to be painted	Standard for coatings
								relief
		plain					patterned (hammer)	"Moire"	"Shagreenevs"
		high gloss	glossy and glossy with glaze effect	semi-gloss	semi-matte	deep matte	glossy and semi-gloss	semi-matte and matte	semi-matte

		Visually by comparison with a sample approved in accordance with the normative and technical documentation for coatings, in case of arbitration - with a profilograph-profilometer type 1 in accordance with GOST 19300-86 or other devices of a similar type
	Risks, touches	Visually, by comparison with a sample approved in accordance with With Technical specifications for coatings

Heterogeneity of the pattern
Variation of shades
Waviness of the coating	A straight edge 500 mm long, placed edgewise on the surface being checked. Using another ruler or feeler gauge, the maximum gap between the surface and the ruler is measured. The ruler is installed in such a way that the greatest waviness is determined on the surface being tested

APPLICATION4 . (Changed edition, Amendment No. 3, 4).

APPENDIX 5 EVALUATION OF SHAGREN BY A PROFILOGRAPHER-PROFILOMETER

The assessment of shagreen by a profilograph-profilometer of the surface of the coating is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the device when maximum length sensor stroke 40 mm. Recommended vertical magnification when recording is 2000 - 4000 times, horizontal - 4 times.

Shagreen is characterized by height h and the basis t unevenness. Using the profilogram, the average height and average base in millimeters are determined for five maximum protrusions:

Where h 1 , h 2 , h 3 , h 4 , h 5 - height of irregularities at five points;

Where l 1 , l 2 , l 3 , l 4 , l 5 - base of irregularities at five points.

An estimate of the size of shagreen is given in the table.

APPLICATION5 . (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 4).

PAINT COATINGS

Paint coatings (oil and enamel paints, as well as nitro enamels) are used for protective and decorative purposes.

Oil paints prepared with oils and drying oils are produced different colors in paste form. Before use, they are diluted with drying oil to a working viscosity and applied to the product with a brush or spray. Coatings oil paints have a low gloss.

Enamel paints are prepared using varnishes; There are oil enamels, alcohol enamels and nitro enamels prepared on cellulose ether varnishes.

Enamels are produced ready for use. Oil enamels applied with a brush or spray, and nitro enamels - preferably with a spray, as they dry quickly.

Enamel coatings are characterized by good gloss and increased hardness, and are resistant to temperature changes from -40 to +60°C.

GROUPS, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CLASSES OF PAINT COATINGS

GOST 9.032-74 applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) of product surfaces and establishes groups, technical requirements and designations of coatings.

Depending on the purpose, coatings are divided into groups (Table 1).

Classes of paint and varnish coatings and requirements for them are given in table. 2; requirements for the surface of the metal being painted - in table. 3; requirements for the gloss of coatings - in table. 4.

1. Groups of paint and varnish coatings

Coating group	terms of Use	Designation of operating conditions
Weatherproof	Climatic factors	According to GOST 9.104-79
Waterproof	Sea, fresh water and its vapors	4
	Fresh water and its vapors	4/1
	Sea water	4/2
Special	X-ray and other types of radiation, deep cold, open flame, biological influences, etc.	5
	X-ray and other types of radiation	5/1
	Deep cold (temperature below minus 60 °C)	5/2
	Open flame	5/3
	Impact of biological factors	5/4
Oil and petrol resistant	Mineral oils and lubricants, gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum products	6
	Mineral oils and lubricants	6/1
	Gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum products	6/2
Chemical resistant	Various chemical reagents	7
	Aggressive gases, vapors	7/1
	Solutions of acids and acid salts	7/2
	Solutions of alkalis and basic salts	7/3
	Solutions of neutral salts	7/4
Heat resistant	Temperature above 60 °C	8
Electrical insulating and electrical conductive	Electric current, voltage, arc and surface discharges	9
	Electrical insulating	9/1
	Electrically conductive	9/2

Note. To designate the operating conditions of heat-resistant coatings, add the value of the maximum temperature, for example, 8,160 ° C.
If necessary, the maximum temperature value is added to the designation of operating conditions for other coatings, for example, 4 60 ° C, 6/1 150 ° C, 9 200 ° C.

2. Classes of paint and varnish coatings and technical requirements for them (according to GOST 9.032-74)

Notes:

2. In technically justified cases, it is allowed to use high-gloss coatings for classes III-IV, glossy ones for V-VII. At the same time, the standards for high-gloss coatings of classes III-IV must correspond to the standards for glossy coatings, and for glossy coatings of classes V-VII - for semi-matte.
3. For products with a painted surface area of less than 1 m2 for classes I-III, the number of inclusions is recalculated for a given area; if the result is not a whole number, then the value is rounded towards a larger number. The table shows the size of one inclusion. When assessing the coating, all inclusions that are visible are taken into account under the conditions that the inspection is carried out in daylight or artificial diffused light, at a distance of 0.3 m from the object of inspection. Artificial lighting standards are adopted according to SNiP II-A.9-71. For coatings of all classes, a different number of inclusions is allowed, if the size of each inclusion and the total size of the inclusions does not exceed that indicated for this class in the table.
4. For classes IV-VII, individual surface irregularities are allowed, due to the condition of the surface being painted.
5. For cast products weighing more than 10 tons, it is allowed to increase the waviness of coatings by 2 mm for classes III-VI.
6. It is allowed for welded and riveted products with a painted surface of more than 5 m2 to increase the waviness of coatings by 2.5 mm for class III, by 3.5 mm for classes IV-VI.
7. It is allowed to apply classification and designation according to regulatory and technical documentation if the specifics of the non-metallic materials being painted do not allow characterizing the coating class according to Table. 2.

3. Requirements for painted metal surfaces (according to GOST 9.032-74)

Notes:
1. The sign “-” indicates that the use of coatings for this class is unacceptable or economically impractical.
2. For all classes of coatings, nicks, unevenly cut edges, sharp edges and corners at the transition points from one section to another are not allowed.
3. When painting cast parts weighing more than 10 tons, an increase in non-flatness by 2 mm is allowed for classes III-VI.
4. It is allowed for products with a painted surface of more than 5 m2 to increase non-flatness by 2.5 mm for class III, by 3.5 mm for classes IV-VI.
5. When painting cast parts weighing more than 5 tons for classes III and IV, it is allowed to increase the roughness of the surface to be puttied to 630 microns.
6. For class I coatings, only local filling is allowed.
7. Individual surface irregularities mean irregularities with dimensions (length or width) of no more than 20 mm.
8. Requirements for surface non-flatness are given for flat surfaces with largest size more than 500 mm. When assessing surface non-flatness, individual irregularities are not taken into account.
9. For surfaces subject to puttying, under class III coatings, the presence of individual irregularities up to 1 mm in height is allowed.

4. Requirements for gloss of coatings

DESIGNATION OF PAINT COATINGS

The designation of the covered area is written in the following order:

Designation of the paint and varnish material of the outer coating layer according to GOST 9825-73;
- coating class according to table. 2 in the section “GROUPS, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CLASSES OF PAINT COATINGS” or according to the relevant regulatory and technical documentation indicating its designation;
- designation of operating conditions:
in terms of the impact of climatic factors - a group of operating conditions according to GOST 9-104-79;
in terms of exposure to special environments - according to table. 1 in the section "GROUPS, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CLASSES OF PAINT COATINGS".

It is allowed in the designation of the coating, instead of the paint and varnish material of the outer layer of the coating, to write down the designation of the paint and varnish materials in the technological sequence of application (primer, putty, etc.) indicating the number of layers or to designate the coating in accordance with standards or specifications.

The designation of the paint and varnish material, the coating class and the designation of operating conditions are separated by dots. When exposed to different operating conditions, their designations are separated by a “dash”. Examples of coating designations are given in table. 1.

Designation coatings	Coating characteristics
Enamel ML-152 blue. II.У1	Coating with blue enamel ML-152 according to class 11, used outdoors in a temperate macro-climatic region
Enamel XC-710 gray. Varnish HS-76.IV.7/2	Coating with gray enamel XC-710 followed by varnishing with XC-76 varnish according to class IV, used when exposed to acid solutions
Enamel ХВ-124 blue.V.7/1-Т2	Coating with blue enamel XB-124 according to class V, used under a canopy in an atmosphere polluted by gases from chemical and other industries, in a tropical dry macroclimatic region
Primer FL-03k brown.VI.U3	Primer coating FL-03k according to class VI, used indoors with natural ventilation without artificially controlled climatic conditions in a temperate macroclimatic region
Enamel PF-115 dark gray 896.III.U1	Coating with dark gray 896 PF-115 enamel of class III, used outdoors in a temperate macroclimatic region

In the designation of coatings, it is allowed to indicate special operating conditions by full name.

If the painted surface is simultaneously or alternately exposed to different operating conditions, then they are all indicated in the designation. In this case, the main condition of operation is put in first place.

If the paint coating is preceded by a metallic or non-metallic inorganic coating, then their designations are separated by a fraction line, and the designation of the paint coating is placed in second place.

For example, a cadmium coating, 6 microns thick, followed by painting with red-brown polyvinyl butyral enamel VL-515 according to class III, for the operation of the coating when exposed to petroleum products:

Kd6/Enamel VL-515 red-brown. III.6/2

GROUPS OF OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR PAINT COATINGS

GOST 9.104-79 applies to varnish and paint coatings of products and establishes groups of operating conditions for coatings in macroclimatic regions and placement categories in accordance with GOST 15150-69.

The operating conditions for coated products (Table 1) are established depending on the resistance of the coatings to the effects of a combination of climatic factors, the values of which are determined by the normal outdoor values of various macroclimatic regions and the categories of placement of painted surfaces.

1. Operating conditions of coatings (according to GOST 9.104-79)

The parameters of climatic factors characterizing macroclimatic regions according to GOST 15150-69 are established by GOST 9.039-74, GOST 16350-80, GOST 24482-80.

Correspondence of previously adopted designations to the designations of operating conditions according to table. 2.

2. Correspondence to previously accepted notations
designations of operating conditions according to GOST 9.104-79

This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) on product surfaces and establishes groups, technical requirements and designations of coatings.

Designation:	GOST 9.032-74*
Russian name:	ESZKS. Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations
Status:	active
Replaces:	GOST 9894-61 “Paint and varnish coatings. Classification and designations"
Date of text update:	01.10.2008
Date added to the database:	01.02.2009
Effective date:	01.07.1975
Designed by:	Ministry of Chemical Industry of the USSR
Approved:	State Standard of the USSR (09/03/1974)
Published:	Publishing house of standards No. 1991 Standardinform No. 2006

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging

PAINT COATINGS

Groups, technical requirements and designations

Unified, system of corrosion and aging protection.
Paint coatings.
Groups, technical requirements and designations

GOST
9.032-74

Date of introduction 01.07.75

This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) on the surfaces of products and establishes groups, technical requirements and designations of coatings.

1. GROUPS OF COATINGS

1.1. Depending on the purpose, coatings are divided into groups established in.

Coating group	terms of Use	Designation of operating conditions
Weatherproof	Climatic factors	By GOST 9.104-79
Waterproof	Sea, fresh water and its vapors
	Fresh water and its vapors
	Sea water
Special	X-ray and other types of radiation, deep cold, open flame, biological influences, etc.
	X-ray and other types of radiation
	Deep cold (temperature below minus 60 °C)
	Open flame
	Impact of biological factors
Oil and petrol resistant	Mineral oils and lubricants, gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum products
	Mineral oils and lubricants
	Gasoline, kerosene and other petroleum products
Chemical resistant	Various chemical reagents
	Aggressive gases, vapors
	Solutions of acids and acid salts
	Solutions of alkalis and basic salts
	Solutions of neutral salts
Heat resistant	Temperature above 60 °C
Electrical insulating and electrical conductive	Electric current, voltage, arc and surface discharges
	Electrical insulating
	Electrically conductive

Note.To designate the operating conditions of heat-resistant coatings, add the value of the maximum temperature, for example, 8 160 ° WITH .

If necessary, the maximum temperature value is added to the designation of operating conditions for other coatings, for example, 4 60 ° С , 6/1 150 ° S, 9 200 ° WITH .

Poke class digging	Name of defect	Standard for coatings
		smooth							relief
		plain						patterned (hammer)	"Moire"	"Shagreenevs"
		high gloss	glossy, including with glaze effect	semi-gloss	semi-matte	matte	deep matte	glossy and semi-gloss	semi-matte and matte	semi-matte
	Inclusions:

	size, mm, no more	Not allowed
	distances betweeninclusions, mm, not less
	Shagreen	Not allowed				Not allowed
	Drips	Not allowed				Not allowed
	Strokes, risks	Not allowed				Not allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more	Not allowed				Not allowed
	Variation of shades	Not allowed				Not allowed
	Inclusions:
	number of pcs/m 2, no more
	size, mm, no more
	distances betweeninclusions, mm, not less
	Shagreen	Minor is allowed						Not standardized
	Strokes, risks	Individuals are allowed
	Drips	Not allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more	Not allowed
	Variation of shades	Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern	Not standardized						Not allowed
	Inclusions:
	number of pcs/m 2, no more
	size, mm, no more
	distances betweeninclusions, mm, not less
	Shagreen		Minor is allowed					Not standardized
	Drips		Not allowed
	Strokes, risks		Individuals are allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades		Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern		Not standardized					Not allowed
	Inclusions:
	number of pcs/m 2, no more
	size, mm, no more
	distances betweeninclusions, mm, not less
	Shagreen		Minor is allowed					Not standardized
	Drips		Not allowed
	Strokes, risks		Individuals are allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades		Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern		Not standardized					Not allowed
	Inclusions:

	size, mm, no more
	distances betweeninclusions, mm, not less
	Shagreen		Not allowed					Not standardized
	Drips		Not allowed
	Strokes, risks		Individuals are allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades		Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern		Not standardized					Not allowed
	Inclusions:
	number of pcs/dm 2, no more
	size, mm, no more
	Shagreen			Allowed				Not standardized
	Drips			Individuals are allowed
	Strokes, risks			Allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades			Not allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern			Not standardized				Not allowed
	Inclusions:
	number of pcs/dm 2, no more
	size, mm, no more
	Shagreen			Allowed				Not standardized
	Drips			Individuals are allowed
	Strokes, risks			Allowed
	Waviness, mm, no more
	Variation of shades			Allowed
	Heterogeneity of the pattern			Not standardized				Allowed
	Inclusions:			Not standardized						Not standardized
	Shagreen			Not standardized						Not standardized
	Drips			Not standardized						Not standardized
	Strokes, risks			Not standardized						Not standardized
	Waviness, mm, no more			Not standardized						Not standardized
	Variation of shades			Not standardized						Not standardized
	Heterogeneity of the pattern			Not standardized						Not standardized

Notes:

2. In technically justified cases, the use of high-gloss coatings for III -IV classes, glossy - for V-VII. At the same time, the standards for high-gloss coatings of classes III-IV must correspond to the standards for glossy coatings, glossy classes V-VII - for semi-matte.

3. For products with a painted surface area of less than 1 m2 for I -III classes, the number of inclusions is recalculated for a given area; if the result is not a whole number, then the value is rounded towards a larger number. The table shows the size of one inclusion. When assessing coverage, all inclusions visible under conditions are taken into account. For coatings of all classes, a different number of inclusions is allowed, if the size of each inclusion and the total size of the inclusions does not exceed that indicated for a given class in the table.

4. For classes IV-VII, individual surface irregularities due to the condition of the surface being painted are allowed.

5. For cast products weighing more than 10 tons, it is allowed to increase the waviness of coatings by 2 mm for classes III-IV.

6. Allowed for welded and riveted products with a painted surface of more than 5 m 2 increasing the waviness of the coating by 2.5 mm for class III, by 3.5 mm for classes IV-VI

7. It is allowed to use the classification and designation of non-normative and technical documentation in the event that the specifics of the non-metallic materials being painted do not allow characterizing the coating class according to.

2.2. Coating defects that affect the protective properties of the coating (punctures, craters, wrinkling, etc.) are not allowed.

2.3. Requirements for the surface of the metal being painted are given in the mandatory.

Requirements for non-metallic painted surfaces are established in standards or technical specifications for the product.

2.4. Requirements for the roughness of a primed or putty surface are given in the reference document.

2.5. Requirements for the gloss of coatings are given in the recommended one.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 4).

2.8. Quality control of the coating may be carried out using a sample manufactured and approved in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for the product.

Coverage designation	Coating characteristics
Enamel ML-152 blue. II.У1	Coating with blue enamel ML-152 according to class 11, used outdoors in a temperate macro-climatic region
Enamel XC-710 gray. Varnish XC-76. IV .7/2	Coating with gray enamel XC-710 followed by varnishing with XC-76 varnish according to class IV, used when exposed to acid solutions
Enamel XB-124 blue. V .7/1-T2	Coating with blue enamel XB-124 according to class V, used under a canopy in an atmosphere polluted by gases from chemical and other industries, in a tropical dry macroclimatic region
Primer FL-03k brown. VI .У3	Primer coating FL-03k according to class VI, used indoors with natural ventilation without artificially controlled climatic conditions in a temperate macroclimatic region
Enamel PF-115 dark gray 896. III.У1	Coating with dark gray 896 PF-115 enamel III class, used in the open air of a temperate macroclimatic region

3.4. In the designation of coatings, it is allowed to indicate special operating conditions by their full name.

3.5. If the painted surface is simultaneously or alternately exposed to different operating conditions, then they are all indicated in the designation. In this case, the main condition of operation is put in first place.

3.6. If the paint coating is preceded by a metallic or non-metallic inorganic coating, then their designations are separated by a fraction line, and the designation of the paint coating is placed in second place. For example, a cadmium coating, 6 microns thick, followed by painting with red-brown polyvinyl butyral enamel VL-515 according to class III, for the operation of the coating when exposed to petroleum products:

Kd6/Enamel VL-515 red-brown.III.6/2

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

Annex 1. (Deleted, Amendment No. 3).

APPENDIX2

Mandatory

Requirements for paintable metal surfaces

Poke class digging	Name of indicators of the surface to be painted	Standard for coatings
		smooth							relief
		plain						patterned (hammer)	"Moire"	"Shagreenevs"
		high gloss		semi-gloss	semi-matte	matte	deep matte	glossy and semi-gloss	semi-matte and matte	semi-matte
	Roughness Rzaccording to GOST 2789-73, microns, no more
	Non-flatness, mm	Not allowed				Not allowed
	Individual irregularities (height, depth)	Not allowed				Not allowed
	Roughness Rz
	not subject to putty
	subject to putty
	Non-flatness, mm	Not allowed
	Individual irregularities (height, depth), mm	Not allowed
	Roughness Rzaccording to GOST 2789-73, microns, no more, surfaces:
	not subject to putty
	subject to putty
	Non-flatness, mm
	not subject to putty	1 , 5	1 , 5	1 , 5	1 , 5	1 , 5	1 , 5	1 , 5	1 , 5	1 , 5
	subject to putty
		Not allowed
	Roughness Rzaccording to GOST 2789-73, microns, no more, surfaces:
	not subject to putty
	subject to putty
	Non-flatness, mm
	not subject to putty	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
	subject to putty	3,5	3,5	3,5	3,5	3,5	3,5	3,5	3,5	3,5
	Individual irregularities (height, depth), mm, no more	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
V	RoughnessRz according to GOST 2789-73, microns, no more, surfaces:
	not subject to putty	-	320	320	320	320	320	320	320	320
	subject to putty	Not standardized
	Non-flatness, mm
	not subject to putty	-	2,5	2,5	2,5	2,5	2,5	2,5	2,5	2,5
	subject to putty	-	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
VI	Individual irregularities (height, depth), mm, no more	-	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
	RoughnessRz according to GOST 2789-73, microns, no more, surfaces:
	not subject to putty	-	Not standardized
	subject to putty	-	Not standardized
	Non-flatness, mm, no more, of the surface:
	not subject to putty	-	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
	subject to putty	-	5,5	5,5	5,5	5,5	5,5	5,5	5,5	5,5
	Individual irregularities (height, depth), mm, no more	-	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
VII	RoughnessRz according to GOST 2789-73, microns, no more, surfaces:
	not subject to putty	-	Not standardized					-	-	Not standardized
	subject to putty	-	Not standardized					-	-	Not standardized
	Non-flatness, mm
	not subject to putty	-	Not standardized					-	-	Not standardized
	subject to putty	-	Not standardized					-	-	Not standardized
	Individual irregularities (height, depth), mm, no more	-	5	5	5	5	5	-	-	5

Notes:

1. The sign “-” means that the use of coatings for this class is unacceptable or not economically feasible.

2. For all classes of coatings, nicks, unevenly cut edges, sharp edges and corners at the transition points from one section to another are not allowed.

3. When painting cast parts weighing more than 10 tons, an increase in non-flatness by 2 mm is allowed forIII- VIclasses.

4. It is allowed for products with a painted surface of more than 5 m2 to increase non-flatness by 2.5 mm for class III, by 3.5 mm for classes IV-VI.

5. When painting cast parts weighing more than 5 tons forIIIAndIVclasses, it is allowed to increase the roughness of the surface to be puttied to 630 microns.

6. For class 1 coating, only local puttying is allowed.

7. Individual surface irregularities mean irregularities with dimensions (length or width) of no more than 20 mm.

8 Requirements for surface non-flatness are given for flat surfaces with the largest dimension greater than 500 mm. When assessing the non-flatness of a surface, individual irregularities are not taken into account

9. For surfaces subject to puttying, under class III coatings, the presence of individual irregularities up to 1 mm in height is allowed.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3, 4).

APPENDIX2a

Information

Requirements for the roughness of a primed or putty surface for various classes of coatings

"moire"

Poke class digging	Roughness standards Rz primed or putty surface according to GOST 2789-73 microns, no more, for coatings
	smooth plain						relief
	high gloss	glossy and glossy with glaze effect	semi-gloss and semi-matte	matte	deep matte	patterned (hammer) glossy and semi-gloss	"moire" (semi-matte or matte)	"shagreen" (semi-matte
I	4	4	-	4	-	-	-	-
II	6 , 3	6 , 3	6 , 3	6 , 3	6 , 3	20	20	20
III	10	10	10	10	10	80	80	80
IV	80	80	80	80	80	80	80	80
V	-	320	320	320	320	320	320	"shagreen"
high gloss	glossy, including glossy with a glaze effect	semi-gloss	semi-matte	matte	deep matte	glossy	semi-gloss	semi-matte	matte	semi-matte
More than 59	From 59 to 50	Gloss meter FB-2 on products or witness samples with coatings obtained using the technology adopted for products or visually by comparison with a sample approved in accordance with the technical specifications for coatings
Inclusions:	Visually
quantity	Drawing ruler according to GOST 17435-72 and magnifying glass LI-3-10´ according to GOST 25706-83
size
Shagreen	Visually by comparison with a sample approved and in accordance with the technical specifications for coatings, during arbitration - with a profilograph-profilometer type -Iaccording to GOST 19300-86 or other devices of a similar type
Risks, touches	Visually, by comparison with a sample approved in accordance with the normative and technical documentation for coatings.
Drips	Same
Heterogeneity of the pattern	»
Variation of shades	»
Waviness of the coating	A straight edge 500 mm long, placed edgewise on the surface being checked. Using another ruler or feeler gauge, the maximum gap between the surface and the ruler is measured. The ruler is installed in such a way that the greatest waviness is determined on the surface being tested

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3, 4).

APPENDIX5

ASSESSMENT OF SHAGREN WITH A PROFILOGRAPHOMPERPROFILOMETER

The evaluation of the coating surface with a shagreen profiler-profilometer is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the device with a maximum stroke length of the sensor of 40 mm. Recommended vertical magnification when recording is 2000 - 4000 times, horizontal - 4 times.

Shagreen is characterized by heighth and the basisl unevenness. Using the profilogram, the average height and average base in millimeters are determined for five maximum protrusions:

Where . (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 4).

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED BY IVNESEN by the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the USSR

DEVELOPERS

A. M. Elisavetsky, Ph.D. chem. sciences; G. K. Kozlovtseva; G. A. Mironova; S. P. Kotova(topic leader); A. T. Shchegoleva; O. A. Barysheva

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by the Resolution of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 09/03/74. No. 2089

3. Inspection frequency - 5 years

4. Instead of GOST 9894-61

5.REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

Designation of the referenced technical document	Item number, application
GOST 9.104-79	1.1, 3.1
GOST 2789-73	Appendix 2
GOST 9825-73	3.1
GOST 17435-72	Appendix 4
GOST 19300-86	Appendix 4
GOST 25706-83

Date of introduction 01.01.78

The standard establishes terms and definitions used in science, technology and production related to paint and varnish coatings. The terms established by this standard are mandatory for use in all types of documentation, textbooks, teaching aids, technical and reference literature. The given definitions can, if necessary, be changed in the form of presentation, without violating the boundaries of concepts. There is one standardized term for each concept. The use of synonymous terms of a standardized term is prohibited. Synonyms that are unacceptable for use are given in the standard as a reference and are designated “NDP”. For individual standardized terms, the standard indicates their short forms for reference, which are permitted to be used in cases that exclude them different interpretation. In the case where the essential features of a concept are contained in the literal meaning of the term, the definition is not given, and a dash is placed in the “Definition” column. The appendix contains terms and definitions used both in the field of paint and varnish coatings and other areas of science and technology and in production. The standard provides an alphabetical index of the terms it contains. Standardized terms are in bold, their short form is in light, and unacceptable synonyms are in italics.

GENERAL CONCEPTS TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING PAINT COATINGS TYPES OF PAINT COATINGS BASIC PROPERTIES OF PAINT COATINGS TYPES OF DESTRUCTION OF PAINT COATINGS ALPHABETICAL INDEX APPENDIX Recommended INFORMATION DATA

Definition

GENERAL CONCEPTS

1. Coating

According to GOST 9.008

2. Paintwork

2a. Paint system

Multilayer coating in which each layer performs a specific function

3. Surface to be painted

According to GOST 28246-89

NDP. Substrate

4. Obtaining paint and varnish coating

Technological process, including the operations of preparing the surface to be painted, painting and drying

5. Coloring

Applying paint and varnish material to the surface to be painted

5a. Padding

Application of intermediate layers of paint and varnish material that has good adhesion to the surface being painted and the next layer of paint and varnish and is intended to improve protective properties coating systems

5 B. Puttying

Leveling a painted or painted surface using putty

6. Formation of paint coating

The physical or chemical process of coating formation.

Note. An example of a physical process is the evaporation of a solvent, an example chemical process is polycondensation, polymerization, polyaddition, etc.

7. Compatibility of paint layers

The ability of layers of paint and varnish material to form a coating

Compatibility

8. Revealing layer of paintwork

A layer of paint coating used to identify defects in putty and primer coatings

Revealing layer

9. Loose paint film

Paint coating separated from the surface to be painted

10. Outer coating layer

According to GOST 9.008-82

11. Texture of paintwork

The structure of the outer layer of paintwork

12. Durability of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to maintain specified properties

13. Paint life

The period during which the paint coating retains its specified properties

14. Durability of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to maintain specified properties for a specified period

15. Aging of paintwork

The process of irreversible changes in the structure and (or) composition of a paint coating that occurs over time

TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING PAINT COATINGS

Staining methods

16. Dip dyeing

17. Fill dyeing

18. Inkjet painting pouring

19. Electrodeposition painting

Painting the surface of a product with a water-borne paint and varnish material under the influence of direct current

20. Autodeposition staining

Painting of metal surfaces with water-dispersed paints and varnishes under the influence of ions formed during the dissolution of the metal

21. Spray painting

22. Air Spray Painting

23. Airless spray painting

24. Electrostatic spray painting

25. Pneumoelectrostatic spray painting

26. Airless electrostatic spray painting

27. Fluid bed painting

28. Painting with a brush

29. Roller painting

Drying methods

30. Drying paintwork

Drying

31. Natural drying of paintwork

Drying paintwork under normal conditions

32. Hot drying of paintwork

Drying paintwork using forced heating.

Note. Hot drying can be carried out by induction, convection, thermoradiation and other heating

33. Radiation-chemical drying of paintwork

Drying paintwork with a stream of accelerated electrons

34. Photochemical drying of paintwork

Drying paintwork ultraviolet radiation

35. Paint drying temperature

Temperature that ensures the formation of a paint coating with specified properties

Drying temperature

TYPES OF PAINT COATINGS

By material

36. Combined coating

A coating in which a paint coating is combined with a metallic or non-metallic inorganic coating

37. Primer coating

Paint coating applied directly to the surface to be painted

38. Putty coating

A paint coating designed to fill uneven surfaces and smooth out the surface to be painted.

By purpose

39. Protective paint coating

A coating designed to protect the painted surface from exposure to factors external environment

40. Protective and decorative paint coating

A paint and varnish coating designed to protect the painted surface from the effects of environmental factors and give it decorative look

41. Preservation paint coating

A paint coating intended for temporary anti-corrosion protection of a painted or painted surface in production process, transportation and storage of products

42. Electrical insulating paint coating

43. Electrically conductive paint coating

44. Special paint coating

45. Weather-resistant paint coating

46. Gasoline-resistant paint coating

47. Waterproof paint coating

48. Oil-resistant paint coating

49. Heat-resistant paint coating

50. Chemically resistant paint coating

By appearance

50a. Smooth paint finish

50b. Relief paint coating

50c. Single color paintwork

50g. Patterned paintwork

A smooth paint coating, the outer layer of which has a specific pattern

BASIC PROPERTIES OF PAINT COATINGS

51. Adhesion

According to GOST 28246-89

52. Shine of paintwork

According to GOST 28246-89

53. Lightfastness of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to maintain specified properties under the influence of light radiation

53a. Paint color

54. Color fastness of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to retain color under the influence of environmental factors

55. Sandability of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to change roughness during abrasive processing

56. Polishability of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to restore or increase gloss when treated with polishing compounds

56a. Impact strength of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to resist destruction (cracking, peeling) upon impact

56b. Elasticity of paint coating

The ability of a paint coating to withstand deformation of the painted surface during bending

NDP. Flexibility

56c. Hardness of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to resist mechanical stress: indentation, scratching

56 Paint class

A set of indicators characterizing the quality and appearance of a paint coating

TYPES OF DESTRUCTION OF PAINT COATINGS

57. Weathering of paintwork

Destruction of paintwork due to erosion

58. Dirt retention of paintwork

The ability of a paint coating to retain foreign particles on the surface that cannot be washed off with water

59. Chalking paintwork

Destruction of pigmented paint and varnish coatings, accompanied by the formation of free pigment particles

Chalking

60. Peeling paintwork

Peeling

61. Swelling of paintwork

Increase in the volume of paint coating under the influence of environmental factors

Swelling

62. Underfilm corrosion

Corrosion of painted metal due to exposure aggressive environment penetrating to its surface through the paintwork

63. Cracking of paintwork

According to GOST 28246-89

64. Dissolving paintwork

65. Bubbles on the paintwork

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

ALPHABETIC INDEX

Adhesion

Shine of paintwork

Weathering of paintwork

Flexibility NDP

56b

Padding

Dirt retention of paintwork

Durability of paintwork

Paint class

56g

Under-film corrosion

Chalking

Chalking paintwork

Swelling

Swelling of paintwork

Coloring

Autodeposition staining

Airless spray painting

Airless electrostatic spray painting

Roller painting

Fluid bed painting

Painting with a brush

Fill dyeing

Dip dyeing

Air Spray Painting

Pneumoelectrostatic spray painting

Spray painting

Jet painting

Electrodeposition painting

Electrostatic spray painting

Peeling

Free paint film

Surface to be painted

NDP substrate

Coating

Primer coating

Combined coating

Paint coating

Weather-resistant paint coating

Gasoline resistant paint coating

Waterproof paint coating

Smooth paint coating

50a

Protective paint coating

Protective and decorative paint coating

Preservative paint coating

Oil-resistant paint coating

Monochromatic paint coating

50v

Relief paint coating

50b

Patterned paint coating

50g

Special paint and varnish coating

Heat-resistant paint and varnish coating

Chemical resistant paint coating

Electrical insulating paint and varnish coating

Electrical conductive paint coating

Putty coating

Polishability of paintwork

Obtaining paint coating

Impact strength of paintwork

56a

Bubbles in paintwork

Dissolving paint coating

Cracking of paintwork

Lightfastness of paintwork

Paint system

Detection layer

Revealing layer of paint coating

External coating layer

Compatibility

Compatibility of paint layers

Paint life

Durability of paintwork

Aging of paintwork

Drying

Drying paintwork

Hot drying of paintwork

Natural drying of paintwork

Radiation-chemical drying of paint and varnish coating

Photochemical drying

Hardness of paintwork

56v

Drying temperature

Paint drying temperature

Texture of paintwork

Formation of paint coating

Paint color

53a

Color fastness of paint coating

Sandability of paintwork

Puttying

5 B

Elasticity of paint coating

56b

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

Definition

Surface treatment

1. Mechanical processing of the surface to be painted

According to GOST 9.008

Mechanical restoration

2. Abrasive treatment of the surface to be painted

According to GOST 23505

3. Jet-abrasive treatment of the surface to be painted

According to GOST 23505

NDP. Abrasive-fluid processing

Hydroprocessing

3a. Liquid-abrasive treatment of the surface to be painted

According to GOST 23505

NDP. Waterjet machining

Galtovka

3b. Liquid treatment of the surface to be painted

Drumming action of liquid, supplied under high pressure

4. Shot blasting of the surface to be painted

Treatment of the surface to be painted with the impact of abrasive materials supplied under the influence of centrifugal force

Shot blasting

5. Shot blasting

Treatment of the surface to be painted with abrasive materials supplied to the surface with a jet of compressed air

6. Sandblasting of the painted surface

Sandblasting

7. Gas flame treatment surface to be painted

Gas flame treatment

NDP. Flame treatment

8. Chemical treatment of the surface to be painted

Treating the surface to be painted with chemical solutions

9. Passivation of the surface to be painted

According to GOST 9.008

Passivation

10. Phosphating

According to GOST 9.008

11. Etching

According to GOST 9.008

12. Degreasing

According to GOST 9.008

12a. Chemical activation

According to GOST 9.008

NDP. Chemical pickling

12b. Oxidation

According to GOST 9.008

Defects in paint and varnish coatings

13. Drips on the paintwork

Thickening of the paint coating on the surface to be painted, formed when the paint and varnish material flowed down and preserved after drying

14. “Craters” in the paintwork

Macroscopic round depressions in the paintwork

15. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

16. “Pockmarks” on the paintwork

Recesses in the paintwork that do not reach the surface to be painted

17. “Pores” in the paintwork

Microscopic round through holes in paintwork

18. Variety of paint colors

A defect characterized by the appearance of spots of various shades on a painted surface

19. Risks on paintwork

A defect in the form of traces of scratches from abrasive processing of the painted surface or lower layers of paint and varnish coating, which appears on the outer layer of the coating

20. Wrinkling of paintwork

Small folds in the form of regular irregularities with small amplitude, appearing throughout the entire thickness of the paintwork or part of it

21. Inclusions in the paintwork

Foreign particles in paintwork

22. “Shagreen” on the paintwork

A surface defect characterized by the appearance of depressions in the paintwork, resembling specially tanned leather

23. Waviness on the paintwork

Defect of flat painted surfaces in the form of periodic irregularities with relatively large steps

24. Change in paint color

Deviation color characteristics paint coating from the norm, arising during formation or operation

25. Heterogeneity of the paintwork pattern

A defect characterized by violations of the shape and size of the elements of the paintwork pattern on patterned coatings

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Chemical Industry DEVELOPERS OF THE STANDARD: G.A. Mironova (topic leader); V.P. Lapshin, Ph.D. chem. sciences; G.K. Kozlovtseva; A.T. Shchegoleva; T.D. Sokolova; G.N. Satin; L.V. Sokolova; L.M. Samoilova 2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated February 15, 1977 No. 388 3. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME4. Inspection frequency - 5 years5. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS 6. Reissue with Changes No. 1, 2, approved in March 1983, Post. No. 1303 of March 23, 1983, August 1989, September 1989 (IUS 6-83, 5-89, 12-89)

Paint coatings must:

Holds firmly on the surface;

Have the necessary mechanical strength, hardness and elasticity;

Be resistant to moisture, oil products, exhaust gases and sunlight;

Be water- and gas-tight;

Maintain its qualities at positive temperatures in summer negative temperatures in winter;

Be neutral, do not cause corrosion of painted surfaces;

Dry quickly after application to the surface and do not require complex drying devices;

Provide the required color of the surface to be painted when minimum thickness and the number of layers applied, i.e. have good hiding power;

Be inexpensive, durable, and capable of producing partial or full recovery in inexpensive and accessible ways.

Not one of modern materials does not fully meet these requirements. For this and a number of other reasons, in most cases, coatings are made multilayer.

10.2 Structure of the paint coating and requirements for basic materials

The main structural elements of a multi-layer paint coating are: a layer of primer, a layer of putty and several layers of paint (Figure 10.1).

The first layer of coating – primer – is applied to the prepared surface. Its main purpose is to ensure high adhesion between the metal and subsequent layers of coating.

Based on this, soils are required to:

High adhesion to metals, wood and others construction materials;

The ability to retain subsequent layers of coating due to the interpenetration of materials;

Good anti-corrosion properties;

Dry as quickly as possible.

1 – surface to be painted;

2 – soil layer;

3 – layer of local putty;

4 – layer of general putty;

5 – layer of paint.

Figure 10.1 – Structure of a multilayer paint coating

Putty is used to level the surface to be painted. There are local and general putty layers. The first is aimed at leveling large defects, the second is to obtain smooth coating over the entire painted area.

The following is required from putty materials:

Good adhesion to soils;

Sufficient mechanical strength, especially shock and vibration resistance;

Relatively good drying properties;

Ability to be sanded.

The treated putty or primer is covered with several layers of paint. Each layer goes through a drying stage.

The paints are required to:

Sufficient adhesion to primers and putties;

Ability to form a continuous protective film;

High weather resistance;

Resistance to technical fluids and other substances with which the coating comes into contact during machine operation.

10.3 Classification of paints and varnishes

Paint and varnish materials are designated by five groups of symbols.

The first group of signs determines the type of paint and varnish material and is indicated by a full word, for example, “primer”, “putty”, “enamel”, “varnish”.

The second group of characters identifies the main resin included in the composition film-forming substance, and is designated by two letters: GF - glypthals, PF - pentaphthals, FL - phenolic, ML - melamine, EP - epoxy, VL - polyvinyl acetate, NC - nitrocellulose, MA - vegetable oils, etc.

The third group of signs determines the group to which the paint and varnish material is assigned according to its purpose: 0 - semi-finished primers and varnishes, 00 - putties, 1 - weather-resistant, 2 - resistant indoors, 5 - special (for leather, rubber, etc. ), 7 – resistant to various environments, 8 – heat-resistant, 9 – electrically insulating. A dash is placed between the second and third groups of characters.

The fourth group of signs relates mainly to enamels and determines their color. It is fully designated by words (“white”, “blue”, and if there are shades “blue – 1”, “blue – 2”, etc.). If the enamel color is assigned a number, then in the fifth group of characters the color number is indicated first, and then the color is written in full in words. A dash is placed between the fourth and fifth groups of characters.

Example symbol: “enamel ML – 12 – 38 blue” (enamel, main film-forming methylamine (ML) resin, weather-resistant (1), serial number second (2), color blue (38).

Paint and varnish coatings are classified according to the coating material, the appearance of the coating surface (coating class) and operating conditions.

Based on their appearance, paint surfaces are divided into four classes. The first class is characterized by a smooth, uniform surface, without defects visible to the naked eye (body passenger cars). The second class allows for individual unnoticeable defects on the surface: specks, streaks, stripping marks, etc. (bus bodies, cabins and tail of trucks). The third class allows for unevenness associated with the condition of the surface to be painted before painting. The fourth class allows visible defects that do not affect the protective properties of the coating. The third and fourth classes are used to paint frames, axles, wheels, loading platforms and other parts of vehicles that only need anti-corrosion protection.

According to operating conditions (stability), paint and varnish coatings are divided into eight groups: indoor resistant (P); weather-resistant (A) (coatings for cars); chemically resistant (Х, ХК, ХШ); water resistant in fresh (B) and sea water(VM); heat-resistant (T); oil resistant (M); petrol resistant (B) and electrical insulating (E).

According to the degree of gloss, paint and varnish coatings are divided into glossy, semi-gloss and matte.

An example of a paint and varnish coating symbol; “EM NTs – 25, blue, I. P” (the coating is applied with nitro enamel (NC) of blue color, made according to the first class (I) and is resistant to indoor use (P).

The most important indicators of varnishes and paints include: viscosity, pouring (the ability of paints to give an even, smooth surface, without brush strokes and without ripples when applied with a spray gun), drying time, hiding power (the property of paint, when applied in a thin, uniform layer, to make the color of the paint invisible surfaces), adhesion (the ability of a paint film to stick to the surface being painted), strength and hardness of the film, water and oil and petrol resistance, toxicity and flammability.

10.4 Technology of painting car bodies. Auxiliary materials

The technology for painting car bodies at car factories, as a rule, includes the following basic operations: degreasing; phosphating; primary priming and drying; applying a secondary primer or putty and drying; application of enamel a certain color and drying.

Painting of engine parts, chassis and transmissions is usually done in one layer over a degreased and phosphated surface.

Auxiliary materials are intended for preparing the surface before painting, diluting paints and varnishes to working viscosity, and accelerating drying of the coating.

Solvents are used to clean surfaces before painting, as well as to bring paints and varnishes to working viscosity. Various organic compounds and, in some cases, water are used as solvents. Organic solvents can be single-component or multi-component (mixtures of single-component solvents), called compound solvents, diluents or thinners. The most common one-component solvents and their purpose are given in Table B.1 of Appendix B. The composition and purpose of multicomponent solvents are given in Table B.2 of Appendix B. Removers are made using solvents - special compositions intended for removing old paintwork. Removers contain the following components: active solvents, thickeners, evaporation retarders, disintegrants, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors and special additives. The composition and purpose of paint removers are given in Table B.3 of Appendix B.

Degreasing the surface before painting involves removing preservative and process oils, lubricants, grinding and polishing compounds from the surface, various contaminants. For degreasing, organic solvents, alkaline or acidic aqueous detergent compositions, and emulsion compositions are used (Tables B.4 and B.5, Appendix B). The required degree of degreasing is achieved by combining various degreasing agents in one technology. Degreasing of car bodies, as a rule, begins with preliminary preparation: external surfaces are wiped with a brush or rag with white spirit, and places with light touch rust, dioxidine - a special deoxidizing liquid. A more progressive method of preliminary preparation of the surface of bodies before painting is jet washing with an aqueous solution of the Omega-1 composition, which has a washing and deoxidizing effect.

Phosphating the metal surface before painting allows you to ensure the required level of protective properties of paint and varnish coatings - it increases the adhesion of the coating to the metal and significantly inhibits the development of under-film corrosion. Phosphating is carried out by surface treatment aqueous solutions, containing phosphorus salts of metals and various additives that play the role of phosphating process activators, corrosion inhibitors, thickeners and fillers. For phosphating, solutions based on zinc, iron, manganese salts, as well as their mixtures are used (Table B.6, Appendix B). The surface is treated with a phosphating solution in the factory by dipping or spraying. Repair technology also uses pouring and application with a brush or swab.

Grinding and polishing operations are integral part technological process car body painting. Before car bodies are sent for painting, the outer surfaces are grinded to eliminate metal defects and ensure a roughness of no more than 2 microns. In body painting technology, grinding is used to improve adhesion between individual layers of coating, smooth out layers of putty, as well as eliminate defects - sagging, unevenness, and debris from dried layers of paint and varnish coatings. For grinding, abrasive materials are used in the form of powders, pastes, and sanding pads on paper and fabric bases. There are dry and wet (with water) grinding methods. More common wet method, for which waterproof sanding pads are used.

10.5 Chemicals for car care

By purpose chemicals for car care are divided into the following types: washing, cleaning, polishing, protective, sealing, operational, auxiliary.

10.5.1 Detergents

Based on the difficulty of removing pollution from the surface of a car, it can be divided into three types: weakly bound (sand with clay impurities), moderately bound (sand with clay impurities, as well as impurities of organic and oily substances) and tightly bound (asphalt particles, various tarry contaminants). Loosely bound contaminants can be washed off with water; moderately bound and strongly bound contaminants cannot be removed with water alone.

To wash paintwork, as well as upholstery and plastic parts of a car, car shampoos are used, which include surfactants, alcohols, carboxylmethylcellulose, liquid soda glass and other substances. Car shampoo formulations are selected in such a way that they do not have a corrosive effect. There are car shampoos, the use of which promotes anti-corrosion protection; they are especially recommended for washing damaged paintwork.

Exist detergents for washing and short-term preservation of paint and varnish coatings (Lak Klin).

High efficiency Automotive preparations such as “Car sill cleaner” are designed for washing closed cavities and the underbody before anti-corrosion treatment.

10.5.2 Cleaning agents

To clean various parts and assemblies of the car from contaminants that cannot be removed with shampoos (rust, carbon deposits and other tightly bound compounds), special cleaning agents are used.

For removing bitumen, grease and oil stains from car paint surfaces, liquid preparations such as “Auto Bitumen Stain Cleaner” containing highly effective solvents are very effective.

To remove rust chemically On metal surfaces, before applying anticorrosives to them, paste-like rust removers of the Omega-1 type are used.

For quick removal dirt, oils and other water-insoluble contaminants from the surface of the engine and components using effective liquid preparations such as "Engine Auto Cleaner". It is applied to the surface to be cleaned and after 10 – 15 minutes it is washed with water until the resulting emulsion is completely removed. It is not allowed to clean the engine with gasoline.

To clean the glass of a car body at moderate and low temperatures (up to – 27 0 C), liquid car preparations of the “Auto Cleaner – 2 glasses” type containing alcohols, surfactants, etc. are used. This product can also be poured into the glass washer reservoir in pure form or diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5. It is not recommended to wash car windows with window glass cleaner.

For removing contaminants from paint coatings and decorative parts of cars without the use of water (which is especially convenient in winter time) "Quick detergent with silicone" is used). When using this product, a protective film is formed on the cleaned surface, protecting paint and varnish and galvanic coatings from harmful atmospheric influences. It is unacceptable to use gasoline to clean paint surfaces.

There are also means for removing scale from the cooling system (“Auto-cleaner – 1 scale”); removing carbon deposits (“Auto carbon deposit cleaner”); cleaning and degreasing friction linings (“Stop”); removing ice and frost from windows and defrosting locks (“Auto defroster”) and others.

10.5.3 Polishing agents

To maintain and restore the shine of the paintwork and maintain its service life, special polishing agents are used.

Depending on the life of the car and the condition of the paintwork, the following types of polishing agents are used:

For new paint coatings (for cars in the first year of operation);

For weathered paint and varnish coatings (for cars in use for 2 - 3 years).

For old paintwork (after 3 years of use).

When caring for an old coating, longer polishing of the surface is required.

Increasing weather resistance is achieved by introducing into the composition polishing and preservative agents, special additives that improve the physical and mechanical properties obtained on the surface protective films, which as a result can withstand up to 5 – 10 washes.

10.6 Self-test questions

1 What are paint and varnish materials used in automobile transport used for?

2 List the basic requirements for paint and varnish coatings?

3 What are the main structural elements of a paint coating?

4 List the main requirements for the soil layer?

5 List the main requirements for putty materials?

6 List the basic requirements for car paints?

7 How are paint and varnish materials classified?

8 What basic operations does a typical car body painting technology include?

9 For what purpose are solvents used when painting cars?

10 For what purposes is degreasing of painted surfaces performed?

11 For what purposes is phosphating of painted surfaces performed?

12 For what purposes and when is sanding used when painting cars?

13 How are car care chemicals classified according to their intended purpose?

14 How are contaminants classified according to difficulty of removal from car surfaces?

15 What are the main components included in car shampoos?

16 For what purposes are cleaning products used when caring for a car?

17 What are the main types of polishing agents, indicate their areas of application?

1. GROUPS OF COATINGS

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

3. DESIGNATION OF COATINGS

APPENDIX 2

Requirements for painted metal surfaces

APPENDIX 5

EVALUATION OF SHAGREN BY A PROFILOGRAPHER-PROFILOMETER

1. GROUPS OF COATINGS

Annex 1. (Deleted, Amendment No. 3).

APPENDIX2

APPENDIX2a

APPENDIX5

GENERAL CONCEPTS

TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING PAINT COATINGS

TYPES OF PAINT COATINGS

By material

BASIC PROPERTIES OF PAINT COATINGS

TYPES OF DESTRUCTION OF PAINT COATINGS

ALPHABETIC INDEX

INFORMATION DATA

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