Everyone dreams of expanding the usable area of ​​their home. But the area of ​​the house does not always allow for the installation of, for example, an extension. One of best solutions in this case - the construction of an attic roof - additional footage with minimal investment.

This roof is built quite easily and quickly. And by enlisting the help of a few friends, you can save on labor.

To build an attic roof yourself, you need to equip yourself with as much knowledge as possible in this area. Read more about the design of the attic roof. So, attic roofs are:

− 1 level - the building has remote consoles, large area and vertical windows. An attic with a single-level roof extends beyond the level of one of the sides of the house;

− in 2 levels - a project with a mixed type of support. This type of roof is the most complex at all stages of construction; it is designed together with the house;
− gable – one-level attic superstructures, easy to install. The main disadvantage is small area And low ceilings;

− gable broken lines - buildings with 4 pitched planes under different angles. Somewhat more complicated than the previous option, but among the advantages is a full-fledged interior room.

Various designs of mansard roofs are almost no different from standard pitched roofs and include the following elements:

• roofing – appearance and protection from precipitation;
• sheathing – base for roofing and insulation materials;
• horse - crown truss structure;
• rafters - inclined stiffening ribs of the entire structure;
• Mauerlat - base beams for installing the rafter system;
• diagonal bevels - connections for longitudinal beams and vertical posts;
• internal beams - supports under ridge run and/or rafters for structural stability;
• insulation – a structure made of layers of steam, hydro, heat and sound insulation.

Mansard roof in a private house - photo during construction

For the construction, for example, slate roof you will need this type:

• wood - beams (15, 12, 10), unedged boards, boards 40-50mm by 150mm;
• nails - 80 and slate;
• wire – annealed (3-4mm) and for stretch marks;
• slate;
• insulation;
• hydrobarrier.

You most likely won’t even have to buy tools for building an attic roof:

• roulette;
• axe;
• hammer;
• construction stapler;
• plumb line;
• hacksaw.

The angle of the roof allows precipitation to be discharged, but takes away the height of the room. That is, the smaller the angle of inclination, the larger the area of ​​the room itself. The usable area of ​​the attic is partially reduced due to roof insulation. Read which ones exist and how to install them correctly.

Mansard roof construction technology

The technology for constructing a mansard roof has some subtleties:

− the thickness of the rafters must be more than 250 mm. This is necessary for comfortable installation of a 20 cm insulating layer. The rafters can be made from laminated veneer lumber;

− for thermal insulation it is better to use foamed polystyrene or glass - they retain their properties even when humidity increases;

− between the heat-insulating layer and the roof it is necessary to install ventilation in all the rules - with hoods and vents, so that air circulates freely under the surface of the building;

For a roof to be of high quality and reliable, it must have excellent ventilation, thermal insulation, and a high-quality rafter structure made of treated wood.

− the inner side of the thermal insulation needs a vapor barrier layer over the entire surface;

− a layer of hydro- and, if necessary, sound insulation is laid under the roof with outside rafters;

− wood for the entire structure must be treated with special agents against microorganisms and fire, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP;

− if the attic roof is installed in windy areas, it is worth reducing its angle of inclination;

− if the house is located in a quiet, windless place, you need to increase the angle of inclination;

− such roofs are covered with ceramic tiles or slate. Metal, due to its low thermal insulation properties, Not recommended;

− for thermal insulation it is necessary to use non-combustible materials;

− the attic roof provides for a staircase.

The external staircase will not take up the space of the house, but the attic can only be accessed from the street. The internal one is much more convenient, but takes up space in the house. To solve this problem, you can install a ceiling ladder on a hinged joint or a screw structure. And how to choose one for the second floor according to GOST, read our instructions.

Phased construction of an attic roof

Before erecting a roof you must:

• Conduct an examination of the building to identify the maximum load for the walls and foundation.
• Develop an attic project.
• Obtain permission documents:

1. from city authorities for construction and reconstruction;
2. expert opinion about the house;
3. permission from all owners.

Rafters of a sloping mansard roof - diagram

After designing the roof and the preparatory process, you can begin construction:

1. We lay and fasten the mauerlat around the perimeter of the house - 100 by 100 timber.
2. We install the frame. The frame posts will serve as supports for the rafter structure. To construct it, take a beam with a cross-section similar to the cross-section of the longitudinal beams. Vertical posts are placed along the edges of the building and attached to the longitudinal beams using angles and self-tapping screws. We make a jumper on top of each rack.
3. We install the remaining arches. Between the two arches formed at the previous stage of installation, we stretch the cord strictly horizontally. The remaining arches are installed with a guide to the cord and a pitch for the rafters. We connect the arches with stamped corners or nail plates as lintels.
4. Let's move on to the rafters. We cut their upper ends at a certain angle. On the bases of the beams we cut out grooves for mounting on the Mauerlat. The rafters are fixed to basic design. Then, according to the template, we cut the upper rafters and also install them in their places. Also check out more detailed information for the attic.
5. We install the sheathing with boards or sheets of plywood.
6. We lay a layer of vapor and thermal insulation. The layers are installed from the inside of the rafters. We stuff the sheathing over the insulation.
7. We install a layer of waterproofing on the outside of the rafters.
8. The last step will be installation roofing from the selected material. The roofing layer is mounted on top of the waterproofing.
9. Do not forget about ventilation windows, as well as window openings. Of course, a window can only be installed in the gables, but two windows are unlikely to provide sufficient lighting.

How much will it cost to build a mansard roof?

Let's consider the prices for materials for the attic roof, taking into account that the construction will be done independently.

The price of insulation (mineral wool) depends on the density per cubic meter and the base:

• on fiberglass - 1400-2500 rubles. per cubic meter;
• on basalt fiber – 1100-2000 rubles. per cubic meter;
• on jute fiber – 10-16 rubles. per linear meter.

Roofing materials do not differ much in price:

• bitumen shingles - about 340 rubles. per square;
• metal tiles - about 250 rubles. per square.

Calculations of the final cost of the building are made based on the area of ​​the attic roof.

Video

About the construction of an attic roof with your own hands in the video. There is a clear overview of the technology itself and some useful tips.

Mansard roof – perfect solution to expand the area of ​​the house. By enlisting the support of several people and armed with the knowledge of building a structure, you can quickly build a functional and reliable attic roof for many years of use.

The mansard roof is optimal method increasing the usable area of ​​the house. In this case, the costs will be minimal. When installing such a design, you can equip one more or more living rooms. Often children's rooms or an office are arranged in the attic. A comfortable room in the attic can serve as a living room.

When arranging an attic, it is important to remember several principles that will help create a comfortable and practical room. A mansard roof is an attic arranged in a certain way. When creating such a structure, it is important to carefully approach the stages of thermal insulation, redevelopment and ventilation of the roof space. A video of building an attic roof with your own hands (step by step) can be found at the end of the article.

Advantages and disadvantages of the solution

When deciding to equip an attic space, you need to know the features of its construction. The advantages of attic rooms include:

• An additional room appears in the attic. It can be equipped depending on taste preferences and purpose.
• Low costs. The construction of an attic space will not cost much. Such work will be equivalent to building an extension to the house. At the same time, the usable area of ​​the house expands.
• Great view from the window. Attractive scenery outside the window attic space will not leave anyone indifferent.

If we consider the disadvantages of installing an attic, we should remember the need for additional heating of the room.

Types of mansard roofs

When designing an attic floor, it is important to take care of choosing the type of roof. It is necessary to understand not only the choice of the appearance of the structure, but also the methods of its arrangement. There are several options that are most suitable for creating an attic roof. They can be chosen only taking into account the characteristics of the house:

It is important to understand the structure of the attic roof that you decide to make.

Attic construction

Each roof has its own design features. However, attic structures have a number of common features and with simple pitched structures. It is important to know them before starting work:

Knowing the structure of the roof, you can begin the main work. Photos of constructing an attic roof with your own hands (step by step) will help you understand the stages of the process.

Attic construction technology

Often, when drawing up a mansard roof project, architects do not take into account the errors of the ventilation system and the insulating layer. If there are such errors, the result may be disastrous. After just a few years, the roof will begin to leak. Since the attic is located quite close to the wall inside the room, it is quite difficult to ensure optimal level heat exchange. The attic design must include elements such as thermal insulation and ventilation.

Important! Elements of the rafter system should be treated in advance with various protective agents that will reduce the impact of fire and microorganisms.

The thermal insulation layer is 20 cm thick. This is due to the cold climate in most regions of Russia. In addition, if you create good thermal insulation in the summer, it will be cool under the attic roof. The advantages of this solution indicate the need to choose high-quality protective material.

In addition, you will need to create a roof ventilation system. In the summer, when the temperature is quite high, the roof will warm up very much, this can make staying in the attic quite uncomfortable. With a properly equipped air supply and exhaust system, being in the room will become much more pleasant. This same solution will protect the roof from destruction. A layer of sound insulation is laid to create a quiet and comfortable environment inside the attic. At the same time, rain, hail or strong winds will not be heard much.

Advice! When laying insulation materials, it is better to work with an experienced installer. This will avoid mistakes.

Stages of attic construction

Step-by-step instructions for installing an attic floor involve performing a number of subtleties of technology. To build an attic you must have at least minimal experience construction work. The construction of an attic space will be much more difficult than with a conventional roof. This is due to the need to comply required angles stingrays You can figure out how to build an attic in a private house with your own hands after studying the construction plan.

You need to start by drawing up a project for the attic floor. For this purpose, it is better to invite a specialist who can accurately calculate the loads and install required dimensions elements. If you have certain knowledge, all calculations can be performed in a special program. You will also need to calculate the roof slopes and expected loads. To complete the work correctly, you will need to study the book “loads and impacts on buildings and structures.”

Construction of the rafter frame

When performing this stage of work, you will need to invite 2-3 workers. It is better to start installing the roof by laying the Mauerlat beams. They are fixed around the entire perimeter of the house. For mauerlats, 100x100 mm bars are chosen.

Then the frame of the future is mounted attic room. His vertical elements will serve as support posts for the rafter system. First, vertical supports are installed on both sides. They are fixed to the longitudinal beams. To connect you need to use metal corners and self-tapping screws.

Advice! In the process of such work, it is better to use a screwdriver. This will significantly speed up the progress of work.

As a result of such actions, two arches are obtained. They should be connected using a string. It must be positioned strictly horizontally. Even with a slight tilt of the string, one of the arches will have to be shortened. Then other arches should be installed at a certain distance from each other. To secure the jumpers, stamped corners are used.

Then the upper rafters are installed. This kind of work is quite difficult. The rafters should be installed in such a way that they are installed at a certain slope. First, a template is made from boards. They need to match the connected rafters. When using this template, you need to trim the rafters that are on the ground. They are then installed in the desired location. The installation of the rafters is carried out taking into account the construction of the internal attic room.

The installation of the rafter structure ends by nailing the sheathing. It is usually made of plywood or chipboard.

Insulation of attic roof

After completing the installation of the rafter system and sheathing, you can create an insulating layer. The vapor barrier film is laid from the inside of the roof. It is fixed to the rafters using construction brackets. Then thermal insulation is performed. It is necessary to monitor the density of the insulation on the surface of the rafters. There should be no gaps that could cause problems with condensation and thermal protection of the room in the future. The sheathing structure is attached to thermal insulation with a gap of half a meter between the boards.

Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters. It will protect the attic from moisture. The roof covering is laid on top of the waterproofing layer. Such a scheme roofing pie serves optimally when constructing an attic.

Attention! During construction, it is important to ensure compliance with safety requirements.

As you can see, erecting a mansard roof is a serious job. The durability of the structure depends on the degree of seriousness with which the work is approached. You can find a lot of examples of what kind of design and appearance an attic can have. Among its various types, you can choose the most suitable option. If you need to create optimal daylight, you should install a window large sizes. Often its shape is chosen round or square. In any case, before work you should carefully prepare and draw up a project for the future construction.

conclusions

When erecting an attic roof, some operating features should be taken into account. For example, it is important to create proper insulation and waterproofing the cake. In addition, you need to take care when choosing a roofing covering. Thanks to this, the attic roof will be reliably protected from bad weather.

Before work, a project for the future construction is drawn up. It is created taking into account the design loads and materials used. The construction plan reflects all the subtleties of the process. It is important to follow the technology for constructing a mansard roof - this will ensure its reliability and durability.

A house with an attic is not only an additional living space, but also a respectable appearance for the entire building. Even if the room under the roof is made unheated and is used only in summer time, it still creates a powerful “air cushion”, which helps retain heat inside the entire capital building.

And about that - read on our portal.

Attic project

When drawing up a diagram for the construction of an attic, it is best to do this in different projections in order to see and understand the placement of all elements of the rafter system. It is very important to correctly calculate the height of the roof ridge, since the size of the area under it will directly depend on it.

When drawing up a design diagram for the construction of an attic roof, you need to calculate the height of the ridge, ceiling and total area of ​​the room.

The minimum height from the floor to the ridge should be 2.5-2.7 m, but if this distance is less, then the room is not an attic, it can only be called an attic. This parameter is established by SNIP standards.

So that all elements are drawn accurately and have right location in the general system, you need to start from a figure with right angles, that is, a rectangle or square - a cross-section of the attic room being created. Based on the sides (height and width of the future room), it will be almost impossible to make a mistake with the magnitude of the angles at which the roof slopes are located, with the location of the ridge, rafters and all supporting elements. When determining these parameters, they must immediately be entered into the drawing.

First you need to find the middle of the width of the front wall. Starting from this point, the parameters of the height of the ridge, the future ceiling of the attic, the location of the wall studs and the size of the eaves overhang are determined.

Due to the fact that each of the structures has a certain number of connecting nodes, which have different configurations, it would be a good idea to draw each of these connections separately in order to understand their features of interconnecting all the elements connecting at this point.

Any rafter system consists of basic elements and additional ones, which may not be present in every structure. The main components of an attic roof include:

• Floor beams, which are the basis for the remaining elements of the rafter system. They are laid on the main walls of the building.
• Rafter leg, straight in gable system roof or consisting of two sections - in a broken pattern. In this case, the top rafter is called the ridge rafter, since it forms the highest point of the roof - and the rafters that form the walls of the attic are called side rafters.
• Ridge board or timber - required element for a gable roof, but is not always used when installing a broken roof model.
• Mauerlat is a powerful beam attached to the main side walls of the building. Rafter legs are installed on this element.
• Racks are supporting elements necessary to strengthen gable and broken structures. In the latter case, the ridge and side rafters are attached to it, and in the first, the stand is a reliable support for a long rafter. In addition, the racks serve as a frame for insulating and covering the walls of the attic.
• Diagonal bracing members or bevels additionally secure posts or longitudinal beams and rafters, making the structure more durable.
• Beams attic floor They are used in all versions of the attic - they are used to connect the racks, and they also serve as a frame for constructing the ceiling.
• Inter-rafter purlins are installed in a broken roof for structural rigidity.

To be sure that the prepared project has been developed correctly, you need to show it to a specialist. Only he will be able to determine whether the attic parameters are correctly selected for the width and length of the walls of the building.

Video: professional calculation of a mansard roof using special software

Material parameters for the construction of an attic roof

If the graphic design is ready, then, based on the dimensions marked on it, you can calculate the amount of materials required for the construction of the attic roof. Materials must be selected according to their characteristics, which must meet fire and environmental safety requirements. For wood, it is necessary to provide special treatment with fire retardants, which will reduce the flammability of the material. So, for construction you will need:

• Boards for rafter legs. Their cross section is selected based on the results of special calculations - this will be discussed in more detail below.
• A beam with a cross-section of 100×150 or 150×200 mm is for floor beams, depending on the selected rafter system and the width between load-bearing walls, as well as for purlins, diagonal legs or valleys - if they are provided for in the design.
• Beam with a cross section of 100×150 mm or 150×150 mm for laying the Mauerlat.
• For racks, timber 100 × 100 or 150 × 150 mm is usually used.
• Unedged board for laying the subfloor and some fasteners.
• Annealed steel wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm - for fastening some parts together.
• Nails, bolts, staples different sizes, corners of various configurations and other fasteners.
• A metal sheet with a thickness of at least 1 mm is for cutting out overlays.
• Lumber for sheathing and counter-lattens for roofing material - depending on the type of roof chosen.
• – for thermal insulation of the roof.
• Waterproofing and vapor barrier membranes.
• Roofing material and fastening elements for it.

What section of rafters are required?

Rafters are roofing elements that will bear the main external loads, so the requirements for their cross-section are quite special.

The size of the required lumber will depend on many parameters - on the step between the rafter legs, on the length of these legs between the support points, on the snow and wind load that falls on them.

The geometric parameters of the rafter system design are easy to determine in the drawing. But with the remaining parameters, you will have to refer to the reference material and make some calculations.

Snow load is not the same for different regions our country. The figure below shows a map on which the entire territory of Russia is divided into zones according to the intensity of the snow load.

There are eight such zones in total (the last, eighth, is rather extreme and cannot be considered for the construction of an attic roof).

Now you can accurately determine the snow load, which will depend on the angle of the roof slope. For this there is the following formula:

S = Sg × μ

Sg– table value – see the map and the table attached to it

μ — correction factor depending on the steepness of the roof slope.

• If the slope angle is me 25°, then μ=1.0
• With a slope from 25 to 60° - μ=0.7
• If the roof is steeper than 60°, then it is considered that snow does not linger on it, and the snow load is not taken into account at all.

It is typical that if the attic roof has a broken structure, then for different sections of it the load can have different values.

The slope angle of the roof can always be determined either with a protractor - according to the drawing, or by a simple ratio of the height and base of the triangle (usually half the span width):

Wind load also mainly depends on the region in which the building was built and on the characteristics of its surroundings and the height of the roof.

And again, for the calculation, the initial data on the map and the table attached to it are first determined:

The calculation for a specific building will be carried out according to the formula:

Wp = W × k × c

W– table value, depending on the region

k– coefficient taking into account the height of the building and its location (see table)

The following zones are indicated by letters in the table:

• zone A - open areas, steppes, forest-steppes, deserts, tundra or forest-tundra, wind-exposed sea coasts, large lakes and reservoirs.
• zone B – urban areas, wooded areas, areas with frequent wind obstacles, relief or artificial, at least 10 meters high.
• zone IN– dense urban development with an average building height above 25 meters.

With– coefficient depending on the predominant wind direction (wind rose of the region) and on the angle of inclination of the roof slopes.

With this coefficient the situation is somewhat more complicated, since the wind can have a dual effect on the roof slopes. So, it has a direct, overturning effect directly on the roof slopes. But at small angles, the aerodynamic effect of the wind takes on special importance - it tries to raise the slope plane due to the resulting lift forces.

The drawings, diagrams and tables attached to them indicate areas of the roof exposed to maximum wind loads, and indicate the corresponding coefficients for calculation.

It is characteristic that at slope angles of up to 30 degrees (and this is quite possible in the area of ​​ridge rafters), the coefficients are indicated both with a plus sign and negative, that is, directed upward. They somewhat dampen the frontal wind load (this is taken into account in calculations), and in order to neutralize the effect of lifting forces, it will be necessary to very carefully secure the rafter system and roofing material in this area, using additional connections, for example, using annealed steel wire.

Once the wind and snow loads have been calculated, they can be summed up, and, taking into account design features system being created, determine the cross-section of the rafter boards.

Please note that the data is given for the most commonly used coniferous material (pine, spruce, cedar or larch). The table shows maximum length rafters between the support points, the section of the board depending on the grade of the material, and on the pitch between the rafters.

The value of the total load is indicated in kPa (Kilopascals). Convert this value into more familiar kilograms per square meter- not difficult. With completely acceptable rounding we can accept: 1 kPa ≈ 100 kg/m².

The dimensions of the board along its cross-section are rounded to standard sizes lumber to a greater extent.

	rafter section (mm)	Distance between adjacent rafters (mm)
		300	600	900	300	600	900
		1.0 kPa			1.5 kPa
higher	40×89	3.22	2.92	2.55	2.81	2.55	2.23
	40×140	5.06	4.60	4.02	4.42	4.02	3.54
	50×184	6.65	6.05	5.28	5.81	5.28	4.61
	50×235	8.50	7.72	6.74	7.42	6.74	5.89
	50×286	10.34	9.40	8.21	9.03	8.21	7.17
1 or 2	40×89	3.11	2.83	2.47	2.72	2.47	2.16
	40×140	4.90	4.45	3.89	4.28	3.89	3.40
	50×184	6.44	5.85	5.11	5.62	5.11	4.41
	50×235	8.22	7.47	6.50	7.18	6.52	5.39
	50×286	10.00	9.06	7.40	8.74	7.66	6.25
3	40×89	3.06	2.78	2.31	2.67	2.39	1.95
	40×140	4.67	4.04	3.30	3.95	3.42	2.79
	50×184	5.68	4.92	4.02	4.80	4.16	3.40
	50×235	6.95	6.02	4.91	5.87	5.08	4.15
	50×286	8.06	6.98	6.70	6.81	5.90	4.82
total snow and wind load		2.0 kPa			2.5 kPa
higher	40×89	4.02	3.65	3.19	3.73	3.39	2.96
	40×140	5.28	4.80	4.19	4.90	4.45	3.89
	50×184	6.74	6.13	5.35	6.26	5.69	4.97
	50×235	8.21	7.46	6.52	7.62	6.92	5.90
	50×286	2.47	2.24	1.96	2.29	2.08	1.82
1 or 2	40×89	3.89	3.53	3.08	3.61	3.28	2.86
	40×140	5.11	4.64	3.89	4.74	4.31	3.52
	50×184	6.52	5.82	4.75	6.06	5.27	4.30
	50×235	7.80	6.76	5.52	7.06	6.11	4.99
	50×286	2.43	2.11	1.72	2.21	1.91	1.56
3	40×89	3.48	3.01	2.46	3.15	2.73	2.23
	40×140	4.23	3.67	2.99	3.83	3.32	2.71
	50×184	5.18	4.48	3.66	4.68	4.06	3.31
	50×235	6.01	5.20	4.25	5.43	4.71	3.84
	50×286	6.52	5.82	4.75	6.06	5.27	4.30

Tools

Naturally, during work you cannot do without tools, the list of which includes:

• Electric drill, screwdriver.
• Building level and plumb line, tape measure, square.
• Axe, chisel, chisel, hammer
• Circular saw, jigsaw, hacksaw.
• Carpenter's knife.

Installation will be accelerated if the tools for the work are of high quality, and the work will be carried out with competent mentors and assistants, carefully and step by step.

Installation stages

It is necessary to strictly follow the sequence of work - only under this condition the structure will be reliable and durable.

Mounting the Mauerlat

Installation of any rafter system begins with securing a powerful supporting structure to the end of the side walls of the building. timber - mauerlat, on which it will be convenient to install rafter legs. The Mauerlat is made from high-quality timber with a cross-section of at least 100 × 150 mm. It must be laid on roofing felt waterproofing laid along the upper end of the wall (regardless of the material).

Due to the Mauerlat, the load will be evenly distributed over the walls and transferred to the foundation of the building.

The Mauerlat is secured to the wall using metal pins, which are pre-embedded in a concrete belt or crown running along the upper edge of the wall, or with anchor bolts with a diameter of 12 mm. They must go into the wall at least 150 — 170 mm. If the Mauerlat is installed on wooden wall, then the beams are attached to it using wooden dowels.

Installation of truss structure

• Installation of the rafter system begins with the installation of floor beams. They can be attached to the mauerlat from above if the beams are planned to be moved outside the perimeter of the building and thereby increase the area of ​​the attic. In this design, the rafter legs are fixed to the floor beams.

Floor beams fixed on top of the Mauerlat (Fig. A)

• In another case, they can be stacked on waterproofed walls and fastened with corners or brackets to the inner edge of the Mauerlat. This option is used when the rafter legs are planned to be attached directly to the mauerlat.

Another option is that only the rafter legs are attached to the Mauerlat

• Next, you need to find the middle of the floor beam, since this mark will become a guideline for determining the location of the support posts and the ridge.
• The racks should be located at the same distance from the marked middle of the floor beam. They will subsequently determine the location of the walls of the attic room, that is, its width.
• The bars for the racks must have a cross-section equal to the size of the floor beams. The constructions are attached to the beams using special corners and wooden overlays. However, to begin with, they are first nailed, then carefully leveled using building level and plumb line, and only then they are thoroughly secured, taking into account future loads.

• When the first pair of racks is installed, they are fastened together from above with a bar, which is called a tie. This tightening is also connected to the racks using special metal corners.

• After securing the tie, you will get a U-shaped structure. Layered rafters are installed on its sides, the second end of which is attached to the floor beam or placed on the mauerlat.
• A special recess (groove) is cut into the installed supports for the timber or in the rafters. With its use The rafters are tightly installed on the Mauerlat beam and secured with metal brackets.

• To provide rigidity to the structure, additional struts can be installed from the base of the rack to the middle of the installed side rafters. If this does not seem enough, and saving material is not in the foreground, then you can strengthen general design also with additional stands and contractions (they are indicated in the drawing, Fig. A, by translucent lines).
• Next, while tightening, the middle is calculated - the headstock will be attached to this place, supporting the ridge connection of the upper hanging subsystem of the rafters.
• The next step is to install ridge rafters, which can be fastened together different connections- this can be a metal plate or powerful bolts with metal plates or washers.

• After installing them, the headstock is attached to the ridge and the middle of the tightening.
• Having completed work on one part of the rafter system, you need to make all the rest according to the same principle. The distance between adjacent rafters in similar system should be no more than 900 — 950 mm, but the optimal interval would probably still be 600 mm - this will provide both the necessary rigidity and stability of the structure, and will be convenient for insulation using standard mats mineral wool. True, this makes the structure heavier and will require more materials.

• First, the side parts of the system assembly are installed, and then the intermediate parts. They are connected to each other by purlins, which are installed between the upper ends of the racks and act as spacers. Thus, you will get a rigid structure of the attic rafters, in which the frame for wall cladding will already be ready.

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Rafter fasteners

Waterproofing attic roof

When the rafter system is built, you can proceed to finishing it and accompanying materials.

• The first coating that should be fixed directly on top of the rafters will be a waterproofing and windproof film. it is attached to the rafters using staples and a stapler, starting from the cornice. The canvases are laid with an overlap of 150 — 200 mm, and then the joints are glued together with waterproof tape.
• On top of the waterproofing, a counter-lattice is placed on the rafters, which will more reliably fix the film on the surface and create the necessary ventilation distance between the windproof and roofing material. The counter-lattice is usually made of boards 100 wide — 150 mm and thickness 50 — 70 mm.

• The sheathing is fixed perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will then be laid. The pitch between the slats must be calculated depending on the type and size of the sheet roofing material, taking into account the overlap required for it
• If a soft roof is chosen, then plywood sheets are most often fixed to the counter-lattice.

Roofing installation

The roofing material is attached to the prepared sheathing or plywood. Its installation usually starts from the roof eaves and proceeds in rows, from one of the edges - depending on the type of roof. Roofing sheets are mounted with an overlap. If used for coating metallic profile or metal tiles, then such material is secured with special self-tapping screws with elastic gaskets. Fastening elements are usually matched in color to the roofing material.

The most difficult thing about covering an attic sloping roof- This is a transition from layered side rafters to hanging ridge rafters. There may be certain difficulties if the roof has projections for installing roofs over balconies or windows.

In addition, if a chimney pipe goes onto the roof, it requires a separate design of the hole inside the rafter system and an insulating layer, and on the roof, reliable waterproofing must be installed around the pipe.

You can find out in detail how and what is the best way to cover a roof on our portal; there is a whole section where you can find answers to many questions, including recommendations for reliable insulation of an attic room.

Prices for popular types of corrugated sheets

Corrugated sheet

Video: detailed video tutorial on building a mansard roof

It should be noted that the work of constructing any roof, and especially one as complex as an attic roof, is not only responsible, but also quite dangerous and requires special, increased safety measures. If you have no experience in carrying out such construction processes, then it is better to entrust them to professionals or carry out all actions under supervision experienced craftsman, and with the utmost care and precision.

If we talk about the broken shape of the roof, then for some reason many people have questions. Meanwhile, it is nothing more than a type of gable roof. Therefore, for those who decide to expand the space by attic floor, best option I just can't think of it. And so many lovers original designs there are quite a lot.

You can build a broken mansard roof yourself. You just need to know a certain sequence of actions to do this. Main principle The construction of a sloping roof is based on the principle of supporting the rafters on the floor beams.

Before you start building a roof, it is best to start by properly developing a project on paper, preferably in a checkered pattern. That's enough in a simple way determine the height of the structure, slope angles, size and location window openings It’s even easier for people who have drawing skills or know how to work with graphics programs on a computer. Once certain proportions are found, all that remains is to simply adhere to them.

After determining the desired proportions, you need to decide on the cross-sections of the elements of the rafter system, and then carry out strength calculations. For these purposes, you can use any suitable calculation program where such a possibility is provided, for example, “Calculation of the rafter system”. Or produce detailed preliminary calculations in an Excel table.

After all the dimensions of the future sloping attic roof have been completely calculated, you can begin its actual construction. Worth considering this process in more detail, literally step by step. Best to do it on someone specific example, taking, for example, a house with sides 8 by 8 m as a basis.

Step-by-step construction of a sloping mansard roof

Step 1. First of all, you need to start by installing the mauerlat and floor beams. Approximate parameters for calculating the cross-section of beams are 100 by 200 mm. The Mauerlat needs to be mounted on inside walls, and brick the outside for aesthetic reasons. When installing, you must ensure that top part the Mauerlat should not protrude beyond the facing brick by 2-3 cm. This is necessary so that the load of the roof falls on the Mauerlat, otherwise it will be transferred facing bricks, which is fundamentally wrong.

The next step is installation beam floors. First you need to install the outer floor beams. Their removal will determine the width of the cornice. The width of the cornice, depending on the wishes of the customer, can be 40-50 cm. The beams are special beams, the cross-section of which must be calculated separately, taking into account various aspects (snow load, wind load and other factors).

First of all, we install the beams indicated by the numbers 1,2,3,4.

For the specified brick box measuring 8x8 meters, the cross-section of the beam is chosen to be 100x200 mm. When the outer beams of the section are installed, it is necessary to tighten the lace along the top and align the other beams.

The pitch of the beams must be taken into account based on the pitch of the rafters that will be laid in the future. For example, if you take floorboards 50x150 mm, then it would be good to choose a pitch of 60-70 cm, even better to stop at 60 cm, taking into account that roofing insulation usually has this width. After installing long beams, you need to install short ones. The step for them is most often 1 meter. To attach beams to the mauerlat, 150-gauge nails are suitable. Sometimes the use of self-tapping screws and metal rafter corners is allowed.

Step 2. The installation of racks begins, which should be positioned strictly vertically. First of all, racks of timber measuring 100 by 150 mm are installed along the edges, and then, when the laces are tightened, smaller intermediate ones with a cross-section of 50 by 150 mm are installed. The distance between any elements should not exceed 3.

To keep the racks firmly in place, temporary spacers are used. The height of the racks should be 10 cm larger finishing ceilings indoors.

It should be said about the very important nuance. During construction new roof, when everything seems to be calculated and laid out properly, for some reason the correct rectangle does not work out. The result is a house shape that is actually narrowed in some direction. In principle, this should not be a big concern, but to make subsequent work easier, you should still position the racks so that you end up with a regular rectangle. This way it will be possible to make the rafters of the upper slopes using one template. Otherwise, you will have to use cords and trim the finished elements accordingly. Extra waste It’s unlikely that anyone will like the energy and time.

Step 3. Purlins consisting of boards measuring 50 by 150 mm are laid on top of the racks. The missing racks having the same dimensions are installed; no other spacers are needed. These structures will serve as a frame for the proposed walls of the room.

Step 4. In order to properly secure the purlins, roofing corners and tie rods, that is, crossbars, are placed on them. If we proceed from the parameters according to the example, then in this case the length of the ties will be 5.5 m. The sections can be calculated in a special program. If the section width of the guy wires is 50 mm, then, accordingly, the height will be over 210 mm. Various deflections are eliminated using suspensions. Of course, this will significantly increase the load on the rafters of the upper slopes, so it would be reasonable to increase the cross-sectional dimensions of the rafters of the upper slopes obtained in the calculations from 50 to 150 mm to a value of 50 to 200 mm.

A temporary support is placed under each of the bolts (crossbar). To do this, use the middle of the span. There may be sagging that needs to be reduced. An inch measuring 25 by 150 mm is perfect. All these measures will allow you to move safely along the puffs. Breakages, as well as all kinds of sagging, are practically excluded.

To make the structure more rigid, you need to fasten the puffs on top, after them complete installation, board measuring 25 by 150 mm. This very board should not be placed strictly in the middle; you need to deviate from any of the axes by at least 20 cm.

Step 5. Next, you can proceed to installing the side rafters. You will need to make a template first, after which the top cut is made. As for the bottom cut, it is marked in place, and then the rafters are fastened and plugs for the insulation are installed.

Step 6. After this, the process of installing the rafters of the upper slopes begins. To make a template, take a piece of board measuring 25 by 150 cm, which is then fixed to the outer crossbar strictly vertically. Any of the corners of the board must necessarily coincide with the axis of the roof being built. After all, the right edge of the board will coincide with the axis of the roof. Next, take a suitable small board, apply it, and mark the upper and lower cuts on it with a pencil.

Two rafters are made and installed according to the template. It is better not to use ridge beams for this. After installing the first pair of rafters, it must be secured with a brace to prevent a fall.

Next, all other rafters are installed. For a roof 8 m long, 4 struts would be appropriate, a pair in different directions. We temporarily fasten the remaining pairs of rafters with an inch board, because there is no sheathing yet.

Step 7 The sewing of pendants takes place, that is, boards measuring 25 by 150 mm. This is done so that the crossbars do not sag after the temporary supports are removed. This board should also not be placed in the middle of the structure, otherwise it will simply interfere with the process.

Step 8 The final stage of roof construction begins. Namely, the pediment frame is installed and then sheathed. Only after this can you begin to manufacture cornices, sheathing, gable overhangs and ebbs.

After the sloping attic roof is completely ready, you can begin roofing work. This is, without a doubt, no less important stage, but, as they say, a completely different story. It is worth noting that everything construction works, which were discussed, are best performed by three people.

If you want to maximize usable area at home, without spending exorbitant amounts of money, you should definitely consider projects with an attic. The experience of developers suggests that this the best way economy class housing layouts, because one square meter of living space in it costs several times less than in two-story buildings. There is a misconception that the attic is only suitable for seasonal use in the warm season.

However, it is erroneous, since a high-quality insulated sloping attic roof perfectly retains heat in winter, its temperature regime is no less comfortable than in the heated rooms of the first floor.

Even without additional thermal insulation, the attic is a kind of “air cushion” that preserves optimal temperature inside the house.

A broken mansard roof is considered technically complex design, advising you to entrust its construction to a professional team. However, a person familiar with roofing work based on the example of traditional gable roof, is quite capable of mastering its construction with his own hands, with the help of two auxiliary workers and assistants. The main thing is to understand that this is a process that requires a serious approach, which it would be reckless to start without preliminary calculations.

Types of mansard roofs

An attic is a heated or cold space under the roof that is used as living space. According to building regulations, in the attic room it is necessary to equip windows for natural light and ceilings of sufficient height for a person.

Rooms under the roof in which these conditions are not met are called attics. The following types of roofs are suitable for installing an attic:

broken roof

Installation of an attic roof suitable for living requires mandatory thermal insulation, organization of natural lighting using attic or vertical windows and forced ventilation.

Advantages of a broken structure

Of course, you can even equip an attic by building an ordinary one with your own hands triangular roof. But due to the steepness of the slopes, for the ceiling to work, the height of such a roof must be very large. This is not economical, and also impractical, because a roof with a variable pitch angle allows you to use the available space more efficiently.

A flatter top makes the ceilings appear higher. According to building codes, if the distance from the floor to the ridge connection is less than 2.5-2.7 meters, the room is not considered residential, it cannot be called an attic, it is rather just an attic. The sloping roof design has the following advantages:

• Possibility of installing higher ceilings.
• High level of protection from precipitation and wind.
• Light snow falling off the slopes.
• Helps conserve heat.
• Rational use of under-roof space.

Construction stages

Creating a Project

When drawing up a project for a broken mansard roof for construction with your own hands, it is better to draw up drawings with different projections, which will comprehensively show the location of its elements. Based on the length and width of the house, you need to determine the size of the attic space, as well as the roof. First of all, the geometry of the slopes is built:

In order for the project calculations to be correct, it is important to accurately take primary measurements, as well as maintain scale. Can make design easier computer programs, in which you just need to enter the dimensions of the building and the desired type of roof; they perform all the rest of the work automatically. If you have access to this software no, it’s better to use ready-made projects.

Calculation of the rafter system

Rafters are the main supporting elements of a sloping attic roof, a kind of its backbone. They are subjected to enormous loads, so special requirements are placed on them.

The choice of the cross-section of the rafter legs is not randomly, and in accordance with the installation pitch, the distance between supports, the values ​​of wind and snow load. If the first three indicators can be easily determined from the drawing, then the last two require special explanation.

• The territory of Russia is divided into 8 zones with different snow load. For each specific roof, this value is adjusted by the angle of inclination of its slopes. Since the slope of the slopes is different, two indicators are calculated, respectively, the upper and lower rafters may have different sections.
• There is also zoning based on wind load, which also includes 8 zones. Using a coefficient that takes into account the height of the building, amendments are made to the table value of this indicator.
• The values ​​of these two indicators are summed to determine the total load. Numbers should be rounded up to provide a small margin of safety. Based on them, the required cross-section of the boards is determined using reference tables.

Mauerlat installation

The beginning of work on equipping a sloping mansard roof is the installation of a Mauerlat, a strong beam measuring 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. It is fixed to the end of the side external walls.

Its main task is to distribute the weight of the roof structure, transfer it to the foundation, and also protect the slopes from tipping over. The Mauerlat is laid along the top of the wall over pre-laid waterproofing, which is used as roofing material folded in half or several layers of a special film.

Fastening is carried out using metal pins; they must be placed in concrete screed. If we're talking about and reconstruction of the roof with your own hands, it is mounted with anchor bolts to the wall to a depth of 15-17 cm.

For lumber, as well as log houses use wooden dowels. Please note that installation is flush.

Assembling the rafter system

Assembly rafter system of a sloping mansard roof occurs in the following order:

Completing the above points forms one roof truss. The rest are installed in the same way in increments of 60-120 cm.

Waterproofing and roofing works

When the DIY installation work is completed, you need to organize its waterproofing. For this you need waterproofing film or membrane, which is usually produced in roll form.

Fasteners are selected depending on the type of material. For tiles, galvanized self-tapping screws with rubber heads are used, which, during the tightening process, are deformed in such a way that they waterproof the hole.

To speed up the process, you can use a screwdriver. Shinglas or ondulin are fixed with nails 100 mm long. After finishing roofing works gables and overhangs of the attic sloping roof are decorated.

To summarize, we can say that a broken mansard roof will help you expand the area of ​​your house with your own hands. You can build it with your own hands, however, this will require special skills and costs, which will undoubtedly pay for themselves.

Video instruction