Service dog breeds today are used for guard, border, search, herding and other purposes. The most significant group among all service dogs are shepherds.

For the full functioning of a service dog while performing specific tasks and work necessarily requires additional nutrients, which are taken into account when calculating daily feed rations in comparison with individuals that are not on duty. Increased muscle work in dogs inevitably leads to an acceleration in the consumption of energy, vitamins, proteins, fats, carbohydrates and mineral components in the animal body.

The more strenuous the work, the greater the need for additional nutrients. Not every service dog expends the same amount of energy per amount of work. Energy consumption for the work done depends on the level of training of the pet, which eliminates unnecessary movements, on overfatigue, in which case the vital activity of the dog’s body noticeably decreases, as well as on the individual, personal properties of a particular dog - breed, structure and development of the body, and so on.

While working, service dogs typically increase their energy expenditure by approximately 35% compared to adults at rest. Required amount energy service dogs when calculated per kilogram of body weight is given in the description below.

For example, for a guard dog with a body weight of 30–45 kg and kept in an unheated building, the mandatory daily diet should include: 450 g of meat, 450 g of cereal, 290 g of potatoes and other vegetables, 200 g of flour products, 20 g of animal fat and 15 g table salt.

If meat is replaced by offal in the diet, their quantity is increased evenly with calorie content. As a rule, when feeding service dogs with various offal products, the amount of the latter is doubled compared to the usual amount of meat. Meat can be exchanged for the same amount of seafood.

It is customary to feed cereals that are simpler and more affordable - oatmeal, wheat, barley. Unhealthy service dogs are presented with rice, buckwheat or semolina cereals. It is sometimes possible to exchange meat or cereals for milk and other dairy products. Of the types of bread, gray and wheat are preferable. But it is recommended to feed stale bread(dried). As a rule, rendered lard is included in the daily food ration of working dogs as a mandatory animal fat. The most preferred vegetables in your pet's diet are beets, carrots and cabbage. Dogs are also great at eating boiled pumpkin, which has been freed from the rind and seeds in advance. It is allowed to feed with tomatoes and eggplants. Cabbage is given both fresh and pickled. In the spring and summer, it is recommended to give dogs young nettles, lettuce, sorrel, all raw and crushed, adding a little to the soup.

Service dogs instantly get bored with the same type of food and for this reason significantly slows down the absorption of essential nutrients from the daily food ration. In this regard, food in diets needs to be varied in every possible way. This effect is achieved by changing the types of meat products, cereals and vegetation. In the case of collective keeping of service dogs in special kennels or in teams, for the purpose of preparing food, separate kitchens are built only for the pets.

In field conditions, if cooking food is physically impossible, service dogs are fed biscuits, canned meat or concentrates (dry food). Instructions for the use of biscuits and concentrates, and in addition their the nutritional value, often indicated in the accompanying descriptions. For several days, for example, along the route, it is allowed to feed service dogs with bread, water, bread with milk, bread with kefir, and crackers soaked in water.

In the case of individual keeping, a significant part of a service dog’s daily diet may well be leftover food from its owner’s table.

Reserve healthy non-working service dogs are fed according to the standards and rations of pets during rest.

Service dog breeds are used as guard dogs, search dogs, border dogs, herding dogs, etc. The largest group in the service dog category are shepherd dogs.

For normal functioning, a service dog needs additional nutrients when performing certain work, which are taken into account when compiling food rations in comparison with non-working dogs. The muscular work of dogs leads to an increase in the body's consumption of energy, protein and fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. The harder the work, the higher the need for nutrients. Not all service dogs expend the same amount of energy on the same job. Energy costs for perfect work depend on the degree of training of the dog, which eliminates unnecessary movements, on fatigue, in which the vital activity of the body is greatly reduced, as well as on the individual properties of the dog - breed, body constitution, etc.

The work of service dogs increases energy expenditure by an average of 30% compared to adult dogs during the resting period. The energy requirements of service dogs per 1 kg of body weight are given in Table 19.

Table 19

Energy requirement of service dogs, per 1 kg of body weight

IN winter period and when keeping service dogs in unheated premises, the energy requirement increases by approximately 20%.

The requirement of working dogs for protein increases on average by 30–50%, fat – by 15% and easily digestible carbohydrates – by 30% compared to dogs during the resting period. The daily requirements for service dogs depending on body weight are given in the appendix. In the daily diet of service dogs when performing average job the amount of protein should be approximately 40% higher than that of dogs at rest, and dogs should receive at least 30% of their protein in meat, fish and milk. If there is a lack of carbohydrates in the diet, service dogs lose weight. The less fat in a dog's diet, the more carbohydrates it should contain.

Diets for service dogs are prepared in accordance with established standards for nutrient requirements and the approximate structure of the diet.

Approximate structure of a typical diet for adult service dogs as a percentage of the daily energy requirement:

Meat II category – 25% (20–30), Cereals – 53% (45–60), Bread– 15% (10–15), Potato– 5% (3–7), Vegetables– 2% (1–3). For example, a guard dog with a body weight of 30–40 kg and kept in unheated room The daily diet includes: 400 g of meat, 400 g of cereal, 300 g of potatoes and vegetables, 200 g of bread, 20 g of animal fat and 15 g of table salt.

When replacing meat in the diet with offal, their quantity is increased according to the calorie content. Typically, when feeding dogs with offal, the amount of offal is doubled compared to the meat allowance. Meat can be replaced with the same amount of fish.

Cheaper cereals are fed - oatmeal, barley, millet; sick service dogs are given rice, buckwheat or semolina. Meat and cereals can be replaced with milk and dairy products. The bread they feed is usually gray, wheat. It is better to give stale bread. The diet includes mainly rendered lard as animal fat. Vegetables in the diet include beets, carrots, and cabbage. Dogs willingly eat boiled pumpkin, previously peeled and seeded. You can feed tomatoes and eggplants. Cabbage is fed both fresh and pickled. In spring and early summer, it is useful for dogs to give young nettles, lettuce, sorrel in raw crushed form, mixed with soup.

Service dogs quickly get bored with monotonous food and therefore the absorption of nutrients in the food ration is greatly reduced. Therefore, food in diets needs to be varied. This is achieved by changing meat products, cereals and vegetables. When keeping service dogs in groups in kennels and in teams, special kitchens are equipped for preparing food.

In field conditions, when cooking food is impossible, service dogs are fed biscuits, canned food and concentrates (dry food). Processing methods for biscuits and concentrates, as well as their nutritional value, are usually indicated in the accompanying instructions. For several days, for example, while traveling, dogs can be fed bread, bread with milk, bread with water, or crackers soaked in water.

In conditions of individual maintenance of a service dog, a significant part of the daily diet can be the leftover food of its owner.

Reserve adult non-working dogs are fed according to the norms and rations of dogs during the rest period.

Quarantine and replacement dogs, purchased in most cases from dog lovers, require special attention in terms of organizing their feeding. These dogs are usually fed three times a day.

Breeding service dogs outside the breeding season are fed according to normal standards, slightly increasing the amount of protein in the diet at the expense of meat.

Herding dogs require more nutritious feeding in early spring and in autumn. On hot days, you can exclude meat and fish from your diet and replace them with milk, bread and vegetables. In cold weather, it is necessary to include meat, fish, a piece of lard in the diet of these dogs and give them a large boiled bone in the middle of the day.

Approximate daily rations for adult working shepherd dogs for a week:

Meat II category– 400 g – on all days of the week. Oatmeal– 600 g– on the first, third, fifth and seventh days. Millet groats– 600 g– on the second, fourth and sixth days. Potato– 200 g – on the second, fourth and sixth days. Vegetables– 200 g– on the first, third and sixth days. Meat and bone meal– 50 g– on the first, fifth and seventh days. Fish flour– 50 g– on the second and fourth days. Animal fat– 25 g– on all days of the week. Table salt– 15 g– on all days of the week. According to these rations, broth is boiled from part of the meat and bones, and the other part of the meat is fed raw. Soup and porridge are cooked using broth. Meat and bone and fish meal, as well as raw meat, cut into small pieces, are added to the cooled soup.

Sample diets without meat for young working shepherd dogs:

Diet No. 1. Meat by-products 250 g, various cereals 300 g, milk 500 g, vegetables 100 g, fish oil 20 g, table salt 10 g per day. From the feed of this diet they prepare meat soup. Milk is fed separately 2-3 times a day.

Diet No. 2. Milk 500 g, various cereals 300 g, bread 150 g, skim milk 300 g, vegetables 100 g, fish oil 20 g, table salt 10 g per day. According to this diet, milk porridge with vegetables is prepared and boiled skim milk with crumbled bread is fed separately.

Ration No. 3. Skim milk 500 g, cottage cheese 500 g, bread 150 g, flour 300 g, fish oil 20 g, table salt 10 g. According to this diet, flour is poured into boiled skim milk and mixed thoroughly during cooking. Cottage cheese and bread are fed separately.

Ration No. 4. Milk 1000 g, bread 200 g, flour 400 g, fish oil 20 g, salt 10 g. According to this diet, flour is poured into the milk and the stew is cooked, adding crumbled bread to it before feeding. Fish fat fed separately or with food.

Sample diets for adult herding dogs:

Diet No. 5. Meat products 300 g, cereals 400 g, vegetables 200 g, table salt 15 g. Meat soup is prepared according to this diet.

Ration No. 6. Cereals 400 g, milk 500 g, table salt 15 g. Milk porridge is prepared according to this ration.

Ration No. 7. Milk 1000 g, bread 500 g, table salt 15 g. According to this diet, the dog is fed milk with bread.

Service dogs are fed twice a day, morning and evening, an hour or two before their work and an hour after it ends. Feeding times are set depending on the work schedule. If the dog works only in the morning, it is advisable to feed it the first time upon returning from work after the dog has previously rested, and the second time in the evening. Guard dogs posted at checkpoints at night are fed the first time in the evening two hours before work and the second time in the morning, after the dog is removed from the post. Most often, food is prepared for service dogs in the form of thick soup and thin porridge. Before distributing the feed, it is cooled to a temperature of 30–35°C, and summer time to the outside temperature in the shade. Each dog must be provided with an individual feeder and water bowl. Compliance with this condition has great importance to protect dogs from infectious and invasive diseases.

CHAPTER SEVEN

Feed preparation, feeding norms and procedures

Products for preparing feed should only be fresh

Such food is a source of pathogenic microbes that enter the animal’s body along with spoiled food and can provoke the development of a number of serious diseases or poisoning.

A pet’s need for a particular food should be assessed based on its physiological and age state, individual characteristics and the physical stress he experiences.

It is noteworthy that dogs are small and dwarf breeds, characterized by active behavior, spend almost 2 times more energy than their larger and phlegmatic counterparts. Moreover, dogs belonging to working or hunting breeds do not always expend the same amount of energy. Some of them move more, others less, and accordingly, the amount of food they need is not the same.

The amount of food a pet requires also depends on the conditions under which it is kept. For example, dogs kept in the yard during the cold season require more food than their relatives living in a warm room. Unlike indoor animals, yard animals spend a significant part of their energy on maintaining heat balance in organism.

Dogs quickly get used to eating at a certain time, so you should not change the feeding schedule without good reason - this can cause serious stress for your pet. It is recommended to feed adult animals 2 times a day. The number of feedings can be increased only for pregnant bitches. It should be kept in mind that in winter a dog eats a little more than in summer.

It is best for owners of old pets to distribute the entire daily food intake into equal portions and feed their pets 3 times a day. With age, a dog's metabolism, like a person's, slows down, and therefore it is recommended to give it food after returning from a walk or after physical activity when energy is expended with greater intensity. In addition, a gentle diet will also serve as a prevention of diseases such as volvulus, which is often observed in aging large breed dogs.

The temperature of food for your pet should be at room temperature (18–20 °C); you cannot feed it hot or cold food. When a dog is eating, under no circumstances should it be distracted by calling it by name, petting it, or cleaning it.

You need to train your dog to start eating on the command “Eat!”

You cannot train your pet to beg for handouts while the owner is eating, or allow other people to feed him. A dog should not take food from strangers. It should also be remembered that the animal should not be fed leftover food that is unsuitable for humans.

Even if the food contains all the minerals, vitamins and nutrients your dog needs, he still needs to be given vegetables and raw cartilage bones from time to time. Eating such bones once a week relieves your pet of the tartar that forms when feeding dry food. If your dog shows typical signs of protein poisoning, you should switch the animal to a vegetable diet for 2-3 weeks.

Under no circumstances should you encourage your pet when it asks for handouts.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Feeding Cats author

8. Approximate norms of basic food products and diet Simple calculations allow you to calculate the daily diet for each cat. According to experts, energy balance the daily food intake should not exceed: – for a kitten – 838 kJ;

From the book Central Asian Shepherd Dog author Ermakova Svetlana Evgenievna

Preparing food for the Central Asian Shepherd In kennels, service dog breeding schools and at sites where Central Asian Shepherds are used, rooms measuring 10-12 m2 are equipped for preparing food for kitchens. In the kitchen it is necessary to place a stove with two boilers,

From the book Pit Bull Terrier author Zhalpanova Liniza Zhuvanovna

10 Legal norms and the dog If, some time after purchasing the dog, it turns out that it does not have the qualities that the seller attributed to it, the new owner has the right to make claims against him, and in case of refusal to compensate for losses, go to court. TO

From the book Spaniels author Kuropatkina Marina Vladimirovna

Preparing food, feeding regimen and rules Preparing food for a dog should be given Special attention for both hygienic and medical reasons. The fact is that during heat treatment, foods lose a significant part of their nutrients.

From the book Hounds author Maskaeva Yulia Vladimirovna

Preparing food From 2 months, when puppies are taken away from their mother, they can be fed with mushy soups. This food should be prepared as follows. Cook the soup in meat broth with the addition of vegetables and 2-3 types of cereals. Then mash the vegetables and add finely to the cooled soup

From the book Feeding Dogs author Sukhinina Natalya Mikhailovna

Preparing food Special attention must be paid to preparing dog food for both hygienic and medical reasons. During heat treatment, products lose a significant part of their nutrients, such as vitamins, which quickly

From the book Guide to Training Police and Military Dogs author Lebedev Vasily Ivanovich

Food preparation, feeding regimen and rules Special attention should be paid to preparing dog food for both hygienic and medical reasons. The fact is that foods lose a significant part of their nutrients during heat treatment.

From the book Service Dog [Guide to the training of service dog breeding specialists] author Krushinsky Leonid Viktorovich

Preparing food From 2 months, when puppies are taken away from their mother, they can be fed with mushy soups. This food should be prepared as follows. Soup is cooked in meat broth with the addition of vegetables and 2-3 types of cereals. Then the vegetables are kneaded and added to the cooled soup

From the book General conformation of dogs (Manual for courses of expert judges in dog breeding) author Oparinskaya Zoya Sergeevna

From the book Techniques for training service dogs author Sakharov Nikolay Alekseevich

From the book Diagnosis and correction of deviant behavior in dogs author Nikolskaya Anastasia Vsevolodovna

Topic 3. STRUCTURE OF DOG ARTICLES AND MAIN DEVIATIONS FROM

From the book Exotic Shorthair cat author Chilikina L A

Procedure for transporting service dogs Dogs can be transported on various types transport: by railway, by water, on cars and on planes. Whatever type of transport dogs are transported, they must be previously examined by a veterinarian

From the book Raising a Calf author Lazarenko Viktor Nikolaevich

From the book Poultry Farming for Beginners author Bondarev Eduard Ivanovich

APPROXIMATE NORMAL CONSUMPTION OF BASIC FOOD PRODUCTS BY CATS Simple calculations allow you to calculate the daily food ration for each cat. According to experts, the energy balance of the daily food intake should not exceed: 1) for

From the author's book

PROCEDURE FOR CONTRACTING ANIMAL PRODUCTS FROM THE POPULATION In cases where livestock raised on an individual farm is not slaughtered for meat for personal needs, it is economically profitable to hand it over to the state for rearing or slaughter directly on site

From the author's book

Feed, its procurement and preparation To feed poultry on a backyard farm, it is best to use ready-made complete factory feed, balanced in terms of a complex of nutrients. Feed mills produce feed for everyone

Basic rules for feeding service dogs

There are basic rules that should be followed when feeding service dogs. Food products are fed to dogs as part of their diet. Taking into account the breed, gender, age, physiological state, work performed, and maintenance, the diet must fully meet the dog’s need for energy, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. The diets are made up of food products that correspond to the nature and taste of the dog. Certain foods are included in the diet in such quantities that there is no harmful effect on the dog’s health.

Diets should be made up of a variety of food products that are perhaps more attractive to dogs. IN maximum quantity use waste from the meat, dairy, fish and food industries, which the right combination They, together with other food products, provide complete nutrition for the dog.

In the diet, the dog should be given as much food as is required according to the physiological norm. Dogs' need for total number When feeding rations of different consistencies, the feed is not the same. When feeding a dry diet with a moisture content of 8–10%, the dog requires 15–40 g per 1 kg of body weight. When feeding a wet diet containing 70 to 75% water, 30–60 g per 1 kg of body weight is required.

The daily amount of feed depends on age, size, functional activity dogs, as well as on nutritional, taste and physical properties feed products included in the diet.

For a service dog with a body weight of 25 - 30 kg with an average workload and kept in an unheated room, the following norms for feeding food per day are established:

meat – 400 g;

cereal – 400 g;

bread – 200 g;

animal fat – 20 g;

greens and vegetables – 300 g;

table salt – 15 g.

When selecting food for the diet, it is recommended to use the following scale of replaceability: 1 g of meat is replaced by 0.75 g of heart, 1.5 g of lungs, 1.5 g of tripe, 2 g of intestines, 0.5 g of meat and bone or fish meal, 0. 75 g dry fish, 1.5 g whole milk, 0.75 g fat cottage cheese, 3 g skim milk, 1.5 g lean cottage cheese; 1 g oatmeal replaced by 1.5 g of bread, 1 g of rye crackers, 3 g of potatoes. Indicators of control of diets are the approximate norms of nutrient content in them, as well as the fatness and change in the dog’s live weight.

One of the basic rules of feeding is compliance with the dog’s diet, that is, the time and number of feedings per day, distribution of food throughout the day, etc. The correct regimen ensures high digestibility of food and absorption of nutrients from the diet and good condition of the dog. Dogs need to be fed at certain times, which is necessary for education. conditioned reflex for a while.

During the rest period, adult dogs should be fed at least two to three times a day, during the breeding season (mating, whelping, lactation of bitches) - 3 to 4 times. Puppies should receive food at least 6 times, young animals - 4 - 5 times a day at regular intervals.

Adult service dogs should be fed twice a day, morning and evening, 1 - 2 hours before their work and 1 hour after it ends, depending on the work schedule with an equal distribution of food. The transition from one food (diet) to another should be gradual.

Feeding is considered correct when adult service dogs do not change their weight and fatness, and they do not show signs of impaired appetite, reproductive capacity or health.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Manicure and Pedicure Master author Grib Alesya Anatolevna

Basic rules of manicure The rules of manicure have changed. First of all, the instrument has changed. Although iron tools are still used, they are becoming obsolete today. Of course, scissors and tweezers remain, but files, spatulas and other devices today

From the book Beauty Salon at Home author Korobach Larisa Rostislavovna

BASIC RULES OF MASSAGE Massage lines? All massage manipulations should be performed along the blood flow.? The hands are massaged from the fingertips to the elbow joint, from the elbow joint to the armpit.? The lymph nodes Massaging is contraindicated.? Legs

From the book Samodelkin for boys author Bebneva Yulia Vladimirovna

Basic rules for burning, safety precautions For burning, the most suitable different breeds tree. It's best to take more first soft types wood (for example, linden or birch), and then move on to harder ones (oak, ash, etc.). It needs to be well before work

From the book Home Locksmith author

From the book Do-it-yourself stoves and fireplaces author Zvonarev Nikolai Mikhailovich

From the book Breeding and Raising Dogs author Melnikov Ilya

Main breeds of working dogs German ShepherdThe German Shepherd was bred in late XIX century by crossing two varieties of herding dogs. The popularity of the German Shepherd came after it was successfully used in police, detective and military work.

From the book Yacht Helmsman's School author Grigoriev Nikolay Vladimirovich

Features of the evaluation of service dogs Service dogs are used for various purposes. Therefore, when evaluating dogs selected for breeding, it is necessary to take into account the working qualities of the dog, which determine its value for the type of service for which it is intended.

From book Complete encyclopedia household author Vasnetsova Elena Gennadievna

Breeding service dogs Choosing a puppy Dogs mate after reaching sexual maturity and completing the physiological maturation of the body - males from 2 years of age, females - from 1 year 8 months. Mating younger bitches results in less developed puppies

From the book Shaping and Trimming orchard author Kushlak Alexey Vasilievich

From book New encyclopedia gardener and gardener [edition expanded and revised] author Ganichkin Alexander Vladimirovich

Fundamentals of techniques and methods of training service dogs The technique of training service dogs includes: methodological methods of influencing the dog with certain stimuli (sound - commands, whistle, sound, etc.; visual - gestures, postures, clothing, etc.; food -

From the book Garage. We build with our own hands author Nikitko Ivan

Service dog exhibitions At service dog exhibitions, breeding stock is selected and evaluated. Materials from exhibitions, descriptions of dogs made by judges are often used in breeding work. In this case, the objectivity of the dog’s assessment, accuracy and completeness are very important.

They are unpretentious in food. However, this does not mean at all that the preparation of a diet for your pet and the feeding process can be treated without due attention.

Every day, along with food, the body should receive:

• calcium,
• phosphorus,
• sodium,
• potassium,
• magnesium,

as well as other substances, such as iron, copper, iodine, zinc, manganese, cobalt and all vitamins. The opinion that they contain these substances is not entirely correct: they are difficult to digest and do not contain all the elements in the required concentration.

Although dogs are conservative in their diet and always willingly eat their favorite foods, it is necessary to add variety to their menu, paying attention more to the quality of the food than to the quantity. The size of a puppy’s empty stomach is slightly larger than the diameter of a metal ruble, and an adult dog’s is the size of a human fist. Such visibility should convince the owner of the need to feed his dog in moderation.

If she has too little meat on the ribs, then she does not have the necessary strength, endurance, and endurance. But if she is fed too much, she becomes heavy or even fat, and therefore lazy and lethargic. For normal height your four-legged friend should be fed several times a day, with more attention paid to natural rather than artificial food.

A puppy up to 5 months is fed 3-4 times, a young dog aged 6 to 12 months 2-3 times, and only an adult is fed once a day and is given a weekly fasting day. When a puppy enters a new environment, he is fed his usual food. A sudden change in it can lead to digestive disorders and...

Approximate feeding ration for service dogs

Approximately 2/3 of the daily diet consists of beef, heart, entrails, liver, tripe. It contains such important elements, such as protein, carbohydrates, minerals and trace elements. 1/3 food - herbal products, for example, boiled oats, coarse rice and semolina; biscuits for dogs, and sometimes a raw egg complement food.

Large pieces so that the dog can tear it apart. She should do this from about 8 weeks. Tearing meat trains the body, and especially the jaws. Tendons, cartilage and veins are especially suitable for this purpose. It is important to remember that food should not be too soft or liquid, i.e. cooked with a lot of water.

A dog raised on porridge is unlikely to become a real service dog. The owner must find in the diet golden mean. If, when breathing at a distance of 3 to 5 m, false ribs are slightly visible from under the dog’s fur, then this means that you are feeding the animal correctly. In addition, the dog by nature loves peace, not movement.

Therefore, after feeding, you need to give her a thorough rest for 1-2 hours. The bowl should be cleaned and put away half an hour after feeding. Throw away any leftover food. The dog should always have fresh water, and he likes to have lunch at the same time.