What consequences can the Helicobacter bacterium have on the body, the symptoms and treatment of which are known to everyone who has at least once visited a gastroenterologist with complaints of stomach pain?

This infection is quite common: according to doctors, from 50% to 80% of all people are infected with it. Moreover, most cases of ulcers and stomach cancer are associated precisely with the activity of this microorganism.

Helicobacter pylori: what is this infection and why is it dangerous?

The name Helicobacter is derived from its shape - spiral, with a flagellum. The second part of the name - pylori - indicates its habitat: the middle and lower sections of the stomach.

People first started talking about Helicobacter in 1979, when Australian scientist Robin Warren discovered a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives on the gastric mucosa. Further research confirmed that Helicobacter actually causes inflammation of the gastric and duodenal mucosa. To prove this, Warren's colleague Barry Marshall drank an aqueous solution of Helicobacter. A few days later he showed the first signs of acute gastritis.

The Helicobacter bacterium is quite insidious: it does not die in acidic environment. It produces ammonia, which neutralizes hydrochloric acid. Thus, Helicobacter creates favorable conditions for itself. In addition, it settles directly on the mucous membrane, under a layer of protective mucus, and remains invulnerable. Modern Helicobacter is an antibiotic-resistant form, so for treatment, doctors prescribe several antibacterial drugs in combination.

The danger is that Helicobacter damages the walls of the stomach, causing erosion and ulceration. Ulcers then form at these sites. With prolonged exposure to Helicobacter itself and its toxins, cell degeneration occurs into a cancerous tumor.

Causes of Helicobacter pylori infection

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, like most pathogens of gastrointestinal infections, enters the stomach through the mouth. The main sources of Helicobacter infection:

• poorly washed vegetables and fruits;
• poorly washed dishes that were previously used by an infected person;
• dirty hands;
• contaminated water;
• the patient's saliva. This is the most common route of transmission of infection in the family (between spouses, from mother to small child).

You can also get infected from a coughing person.: Helicobacter is expelled when coughing with fragments of saliva. But infection only occurs if you are very close to someone who is coughing. When staying for a long time outdoors Helicobacter dies.

Helicobacteriosis is considered a family disease: if one of the household members has this infection, the probability of finding it in the rest of the family members is 95%.

But contact with a pathogen does not always lead to illness. If a person has a strong immune system and a healthy digestive tract, the body will recognize Helicobacter pylori as a potential pest in time and neutralize it. If the body is weakened by the presence of other diseases, the likelihood of getting gastrointestinal disease is quite high.

Helicobacter infection occurs more often in adults, and somewhat less frequently in children.

What diseases are caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori?

This microbe causes inflammation:

• gastric mucosa (gastritis);
• pyloric sphincter - “overlap” between the stomach and duodenum (pyloritis);
• duodenum (duodenitis);
• stomach and duodenum simultaneously (d).

The relationship between the formation of polyps and mucosal ulcers has also been proven.

There are several forms of development of helicobacteriosis:

1. Lantent form, or bacterial carriage. Helicobacter pylori is present in the stomach, but is in an inactive state; the patient is not bothered by signs of the disease. In this form, the disease can exist for about 10 years. But decreased immunity food poisoning or intestinal infection, poor diet and stress can become a “trigger” for the development of an active form of the disease.
2. Acute gastritis is a severe inflammation of the stomach that occurs when large quantity helicobacteria or its excessive proliferation. The disease manifests itself as pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and vomiting.
3. Chronic gastritis occurs in the absence of treatment of the acute form or with slight contamination of the mucous membrane with Helicobacter. This form is characterized by constant moderate digestive disorders: heaviness in the stomach and nausea, belching, heartburn. A burning sensation in the esophagus, inflammation and bleeding of the gums are often observed.

In the absence of timely treatment, it is acute and can turn into a peptic ulcer.

Symptoms of the disease

Approximately a few days after infection or reactivation of the infection, the patient is concerned about the main signs of the presence of Helicobacter in the body. Their intensity depends on the degree of contamination of the mucous membrane, the degree of inflammation, and the presence of concomitant pathologies.

The nature of the diet plays a big role: The more food that irritates the stomach in the diet, the stronger the symptoms of inflammation:

1. Pain in the epigastric region ( top part abdomen). It happens that the pain radiates to the back and even to the arm. The pain may occur on an empty stomach or shortly after eating.
2. Nausea, which often ends with vomiting partially digested food.
3. Belching, often with reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus ().
4. Heartburn.
5. Bad breath.
6. Unpleasant taste in the mouth.
7. Lack of appetite.
8. Heaviness in the stomach even when eating small portions of food.
9. Difficulty digesting meat foods.
10. Stool disorders.
11. Allergy, especially if it arose for the first time against the background of other signs of the disease.

Often, against the background of gastritis, especially with high acidity, active destruction of tooth enamel and inflammation of the gums begins. Constant dental problems are an additional reason to visit a gastroenterologist.

How to identify Helicobacter pylori?

A gastroenterologist examines and treats the digestive system. If gastritis or other gastrointestinal diseases are suspected, he will prescribe a comprehensive examination.

One of them - . It allows you to assess how much the gastric mucosa has been damaged by infection and how many foci of inflammation there are. During the process, a fragment of the mucosa is taken for histological examination to exclude changes in the structure of the cells. At the same time, an analysis is carried out for the presence of Helicobacter.

The presence of this bacterium in the stomach can be determined by analyzing saliva, blood, and a breath test.

Why schedule an unpleasant procedure when you can simply donate blood or do a breath test? Gastroscopy is necessary for primary diagnosis to determine the degree of damage to the mucosa, determine the exact location of the infection (stomach or duodenum), and the type of disease (gastritis, ulcer, polyps, precancerous condition or cancer). This method is also used to monitor the condition of a patient with a chronic form.

Other methods are used for control diagnostics after a course of treatment.

How to treat Helicobacter pylori infection?

Treatment of diseases caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori takes a long time. Often it is necessary to carry out several courses, especially in the presence of chronic recurrent infection.

Drug therapy

It is impossible to cure Helicobacter without antibiotics. The most effective drugs are those based on metronidazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin. Inhibitors of hydrochloric acid production and bismuth preparations are also prescribed to restore the mucous membrane.

Drugs to reduce the secretion of gastric juice are not prescribed for low acidity. At elevated and normal levels, they are necessary to create optimal conditions for quick treatment. Three-component and four-component treatment regimens are used, depending on the degree of infection and duration of the disease.

Antibiotic therapy lasts 7-10 days, but no more than 2 weeks. If the patient does not adhere to the recommended duration of therapy, there is a risk that the bacteria will develop resistance to the antibiotics used. For subsequent treatment to be successful, more aggressive drugs will be needed, which can cause a lot of side effects.

Additionally, hepatoprotectors are prescribed to reduce the toxic load on the liver, and probiotic preparations to normalize the intestinal microflora (Hilak, Linex, Bifiform).

Traditional methods

The use of herbal decoctions and infusions is effective as an additional method of treating Helicobacter. They will not be able to completely kill the infection, but they will help speed up the regeneration of the mucous membrane and normalize acidity.

When choosing traditional recipes, it is important to consider the type of acidity of gastric juice. For elevated temperatures, it is good to use a decoction of flax seeds (pour a tablespoon of boiling water over a glass, boil for 5 minutes, leave for 2 hours). Drink a tablespoon before meals.

If acidity is low, you should drink half a glass of cabbage juice before meals. This will help activate digestion, prevent food from fermenting in the stomach, and improve appetite.

Diet

Without proper nutrition, a favorable treatment outcome is impossible. The acute form of the disease requires a strict diet. You can eat pureed low-fat soups, slimy porridges, baked apples.

In the chronic form, the diet is more varied: you can eat lean meat and fish, dairy products, fruits (without hard skin) and vegetables that have undergone heat treatment.

Completely excluded:

1. Fried foods.
2. Fatty meats.
3. Bakery, White bread and baked goods made from white flour.
4. Sweets.
5. Alcohol.
6. Spicy food.

The diet should be especially strict during the treatment period: this will improve the effect and reduce the load on the digestive tract.

How dangerous is Helicobacter pylori gastritis if left untreated?

The active and unrestricted life of this microbe is dangerous. If the disease is left to chance, in addition to problems with digestion and constant discomfort, the condition of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum constantly worsens. Superficial gastritis quickly turns into erosive gastritis, then ulcers form. Peptic ulcer disease is a more unpleasant and difficult to treat phenomenon. Even with a favorable outcome, scars form at the site of the ulcers - scars, at the site of which the ulcer can reoccur.

Such damaged areas of the mucosa, under the influence of unfavorable factors, risk degenerating into a cancerous tumor - a serious and rapid disease.

Video - Helicobacter pylori bacterium

Prevention

The human body does not develop immunity against Helicobacter. After complete recovery, re-infection may occur after some time, and the disease will begin to develop much faster.

To minimize the risk of re-infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, you must:

1. Stick to proper nutrition.
2. Quit alcohol and smoking, especially on an empty stomach.
3. Adhere to personal hygiene standards.
4. Monitor the cleanliness of utensils and food.
5. Maintain immunity and treat emerging infections in a timely manner.

An ulcer is painful, disgusting and dangerous. In the recent past, doctors could not find the root cause of this pathology. They blamed it on stress, poor nutrition and treated it almost blindly experimentally.

IN late XIX century, German scientists discovered a spiral-shaped bacterium that lived in the stomach and. It was given the name Helicobacter pylori. In 1981, the connection between this microorganism and the appearance of ulcers in the stomach and intestines was scientifically proven, for which in 2005 the discoverers of the medical significance of the bacterium, Robin Warren and Barry Marshall, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

What kind of bacteria is this? How to destroy a pathogenic microorganism and cure erosion of the gastric mucosa once and for all?

Helicobacter colonizes areas of the mucous membrane.

is a spiral-shaped gram-negative microorganism. Its dimensions are only 3 microns. This is the only microorganism capable of surviving and multiplying in the acidic environment of gastric juice.

At favorable conditions Helicobacter colonizes areas. The negative effect on the stomach occurs due to the complex properties of this microorganism:

1. The presence of flagella allows for rapid movement in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Adhesion to stomach cells. This creates inflammation and the body's immune response.
3. Produces enzymes that break down urea into ammonia. This neutralizes the gastric juice, and the bacterium receives an environment favorable for development. Ammonia additionally burns the mucous membranes. This causes an inflammatory process.
4. The microorganism produces and releases exotoxins that destroy mucosal cells.

Scientists have proven that Helicobacter strains in patients with ulcers are more aggressive than in patients with gastritis and other inflammatory processes in the stomach or intestines.

Infection with this microorganism occurs asymptomatically in 70% of cases. Possible ways Doctors call infections oral-fecal or oral-oral - through kissing, sharing utensils, in canteens and cafes, during medical procedures.

Helicobacter: diagnostic measures

To diagnose Helicobacter, you need to undergo tests.

Diagnostic procedures begin with interviewing and examining the patient. Then special studies are carried out to confirm or refute the preliminary diagnosis. Tests for Helicobacter pylori:

• Non-invasive procedures - blood for specific antibodies, breath test, and saliva
• Invasive techniques - endoscopy with collection of material for histological examination
• To determine the microorganism in biological environments analysis is carried out using the PCR method.
• For breath tests, the patient takes a solution of urea with labeled carbon atoms. The microorganism breaks down urea, and the labeled atoms are found in the air exhaled by a person. Additionally, an analysis is carried out to determine the concentration of ammonia in exhaled air.

The most accurate results are provided only by invasive examination techniques.

Helicobacter pylori is treated by a gastroenterologist.

A gastroenterologist treats diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori.

If no inflammatory processes are detected on the gastric mucosa, and tests confirm the presence of a microorganism, treatment is not carried out.

Antibacterial therapy should be carried out in the presence or exacerbation of the following diseases:

1. Surgical intervention against the background of gastrointestinal oncology
2. , atrophy or necrosis of the gastric mucosa
3. Precancerous condition
4. Oncology of the gastrointestinal tract in close relatives
5. Hodgkin's lymphoma
6. Dyspepsia
7. Pathological heartburn -

A thematic video will tell you how to treat Helicobacter pylori:

Long courses of treatment with NSAID drugs

There are 2 methods of treating Helicobacter pylori infection.

Treatment is carried out comprehensively. According to the WHO methodology, any drug regimen must meet the following criteria:

• Efficiency and speed
• Safety for the patient
• Convenience – use long-acting drugs, short course of treatment
• Interchangeability - any drug must be interchangeable with a complete analogue or generic

Currently, 2 methods have been adopted for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. It is not recommended to use them simultaneously. If 1 scheme does not give a positive result, then the second one is used and vice versa. This prevents Helicobacter from developing immunity to drugs. Treatment regimens:

1. Three-component method - 2 antibacterial drugs and 1 agent to reduce the acidity of gastric juice
2. Four-component method - 2 antibacterial drugs, 1 - to reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid, 1 - bismuth compounds

There is a 3rd treatment regimen for combating the microorganism. It is used when the first 2 have not rendered required action. In this case, they speak of a resistant Helicobacter strain.

In this case, a preliminary endoscopic examination is carried out with the collection of material for a biopsy. In the laboratory, drugs for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori are individually selected. And only after that the doctor develops an individual course.

Antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori

Klacid is an antibiotic to fight bacteria.

It would seem that there is a bacterium that can be destroyed. In laboratory conditions, everything went perfectly, but in tests on volunteers, the drugs did not work at all.

The reason was a change in the properties of antibiotics in the acidic environment of the stomach. The choice of antibiotics to combat Helicobacter is small:

• Amoxicillin and drugs based on it - Flemoxil, Amoxiclav
• Clarithromycin or
• Azithromycin
• Tetracycline drugs
• Levofloxacin

The duration of the course is calculated by the doctor and depends on the duration of the disease, age and patient. The recommended duration of treatment is at least 7 days.

Antibacterial drugs

The choice of antibacterial drugs that can cope with Helicobacter is small. This is "Trichopol" or "Metronidazole", or "Makmiror".

Trichopolum and Metronidazole are complete analogues. The main active ingredient of the drug, metronidazole, penetrates the microorganism and breaks down, releasing toxic substances.

The peculiarity of this drug is that nifuratel does not reduce the patient’s overall immunity, but, on the contrary, improves the body’s defenses. Macmiror is a second-line drug. It is prescribed if treatment with metronidazole does not give the expected result. This medicine is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers in children.

Bismuth preparations and proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of Helicobacter

De-nol is a bismuth-based medicine.

A drug based on bismuth was used even before the discovery of the pathogenic microorganism. It has an enveloping effect, forming a film on the gastric mucosa.

It protects the walls from the aggressive effects of hydrochloric acid. After the discovery of Helicobacter, it turned out that bismuth subcitrate has an inhibitory effect on the bacterium. It is able to penetrate into the deep layers of the mucous membrane, where the pathogen likes to settle.

Proton pump inhibitors - Omeprazole, Pariet - blocks areas of the mucous membrane responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid. This promotes the healing of erosions, reduces the acidity of gastric juice and allows the antibiotic molecules to be preserved in an acidic environment.

Helicobacter pylori. How to do without antibiotics?

There is no effective treatment regimen for diseases associated with Helicobacter without the use of antibiotics. Only in some cases, without symptoms of the inflammatory process and with a low contamination of bacteria, is it possible to remove Helicobacter pylori from the body.

All treatment regimens place a serious strain on the body. If carriage is detected without signs of inflammation, it is recommended to use more gentle methods.

Traditional medicine and Helicobacter

Traditional medicine recipes should not be used without consulting a doctor.

What does traditional medicine offer for the treatment of Helicobacter? Recipes are often contradictory:

1. Raw chicken eggs. It is recommended to drink 1 raw egg before breakfast. This should normalize the normal microflora of the stomach.
2. St. John's wort, calendula and yarrow are mixed in equal proportions. Make - 250 ml of water per 5 g of mixture. Take the infusion 0.5 cups 3 times a day for a month.
3. It is recommended to consume 1 teaspoon of rosehip syrup per month.
4. Flaxseed decoction. For 1 tablespoon of seed you will need 1 glass of water. Simmer over low heat for 20 minutes. Strain the broth and take 1 tablespoon before each.

The use of prescriptions should only be started after consultation with a gastroenterologist. Otherwise, within a month of treatment you risk getting a perforated ulcer with all the ensuing consequences.

Diet for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Modern techniques allow you to be cured in a matter of weeks.

There is no specialized nutrition to combat Helicobacter. During treatment, you should adhere to the recommendations for patients with gastritis, ulcers and other diseases of the stomach and intestines.

Food should be light, pureed and not irritate the mucous membranes. Heavy, spicy, fried and fatty foods are prohibited.

An ulcer is a dangerous disease. The cause of this pathology has now been identified. Helicobacter pylori should be treated under guidance

Thank you

Table of contents

1. What tests can a doctor prescribe for Helicobacter pylori?
2. Basic methods and treatment regimens for helicobacteriosis
   • Modern treatment of Helicobacter-associated diseases. What is the Helicobacter pylori eradication scheme?
   • How to kill Helicobacter pylori reliably and comfortably? What requirements are met by the standard modern treatment regimen for diseases such as Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and gastric and/or duodenal ulcers?
   • Is it possible to cure Helicobacter pylori if the first and second lines of eradication therapy are powerless? Bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics
3. Antibiotics are the number one drug for treating Helicobacter pylori
   • What antibiotics are prescribed for Helicobacter pylori infection?
   • Amoxiclav is an antibiotic that kills particularly persistent bacteria Helicobacter pylori
   • Azithromycin is a “spare” drug for Helicobacter pylori
   • How to kill Helicobacter pylori if the first line of eradication therapy has failed? Treatment of infection with tetracycline
   • Treatment with fluoroquinolone antibiotics: levofloxacin
4. Chemotherapy antibacterial drugs against Helicobacter pylori
5. Eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori using bismuth preparations (De-nol)
6. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as a cure for helicobacteriosis: Omez (omeprazole), Pariet (rabeprazole), etc.
7. What treatment regimen for gastritis with Helicobacter pylori is optimal?
8. What complications can there be during and after treatment for Helicobacter pylori if a multicomponent course of eradication therapy with antibiotics is prescribed?
9. Is it possible to treat Helicobacter without antibiotics?
   • Bactistatin is a dietary supplement used as a remedy for Helicobacter pylori.
   • Homeopathy and Helicobacter pylori. Reviews from patients and doctors
10. Helicobacter pylori bacterium: treatment with propolis and other folk remedies
    • Propolis as an effective folk remedy for Helicobacter pylori
    • Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with antibiotics and folk remedies: reviews
11. Traditional recipes for treating Helicobacter pylori infection - video

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Which doctor should I contact if I have Helicobacter pylori?

If you have pain or discomfort in the stomach area, or if Helicobacter pylori is detected, you should contact Gastroenterologist (make an appointment) or to a pediatric gastroenterologist if the child is sick. If for some reason it is impossible to get an appointment with a gastroenterologist, then adults should contact therapist (make an appointment), and for children - to pediatrician (make an appointment).

What tests can a doctor prescribe for Helicobacter pylori?

In case of Helicobacteriosis, the doctor needs to assess the presence and quantity of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach, as well as assess the condition of the mucous membrane of the organ in order to prescribe adequate treatment. For this purpose it is used whole line methods, and in each specific case the doctor can prescribe any of them or a combination of them. Most often, the choice of research is made based on what methods the laboratory of a medical institution can perform or what paid tests a person can afford in a private laboratory.

As a rule, if helicobacteriosis is suspected, the doctor must prescribe an endoscopic examination - fibrogastroscopy (FGS) or fibrogastroesophagoduodenoscopy (FEGDS) (sign up), during which a specialist can assess the condition of the gastric mucosa, identify the presence of ulcers, bulges, redness, swelling, flattening of folds and cloudy mucus. However, endoscopic examination allows only to assess the condition of the mucosa, and does not give an exact answer to the question of whether Helicobacter pylori is present in the stomach.

Therefore, after an endoscopic examination, the doctor usually prescribes some other tests that make it possible to answer with a high degree of certainty the question of whether Helicobacter is present in the stomach. Depending on the technical capabilities of the institution, two groups of methods can be used to confirm the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori - invasive or non-invasive. Invasive involves taking a piece of stomach tissue during endoscopy (sign up) for further tests, and for non-invasive tests, only blood, saliva or feces are taken. Accordingly, if an endoscopic examination was carried out and the institution has the technical capabilities, then to identify Helicobacter pylori, one of the following tests is prescribed:

• Bacteriological method. It is the inoculation of microorganisms on a nutrient medium found on a piece of the gastric mucosa taken during endoscopy. The method makes it possible to identify with 100% accuracy the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics, which makes it possible to prescribe the most effective treatment regimen.
• Phase contrast microscopy. It is the study of a whole unprocessed piece of the gastric mucosa, taken during endoscopy, under a phase-contrast microscope. However, this method allows you to detect Helicobacter pylori only when there are many of them.
• Histological method. It is the study of a prepared and stained piece of mucous membrane, taken during endoscopy, under a microscope. This method is highly accurate and allows you to detect Helicobacter pylori, even if they are present in small quantities. Moreover, the histological method is considered the “gold standard” in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and allows one to determine the degree of contamination of the stomach with this microorganism. Therefore, if technically possible, after endoscopy to identify the microbe, the doctor prescribes this particular study.
• Immunohistochemical study. It is the detection of Helicobacter pylori in a piece of mucous membrane taken during endoscopy using the ELISA method. The method is very accurate, but, unfortunately, it requires highly qualified personnel and technical equipment of the laboratory, and therefore is not carried out in all institutions.
• Urease test (sign up). It involves immersing a piece of mucous membrane taken during endoscopy into a urea solution and then recording changes in the acidity of the solution. If within 24 hours the urea solution turns crimson, this indicates the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach. Moreover, the rate of appearance of the crimson color also makes it possible to determine the degree of contamination of the stomach with bacteria.
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction), carried out directly on a collected piece of the gastric mucosa. This method is very accurate and also allows you to detect the number of Helicobacter pylori.
• Cytology. The essence of the method is that fingerprints are made from a taken piece of mucous membrane, stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa, and examined under a microscope. Unfortunately, this method has low sensitivity, but is used quite often.

If an endoscopic examination was not carried out, or a piece of mucous membrane (biopsy) was not taken during it, then to determine whether a person has Helicobacter pylori, the doctor may prescribe any of the following tests:

• Urease breath test. This test is usually performed during an initial examination or after treatment, when it is necessary to determine whether Helicobacter pylori is present in a person’s stomach. It consists of taking samples of exhaled air and subsequent analysis of the carbon dioxide and ammonia content in them. First, baseline breath samples are taken, and then the person is given breakfast and labeled C13 or C14 carbon, followed by 4 more breath samples taken every 15 minutes. If in test air samples taken after breakfast, the amount of labeled carbon is increased by 5% or more compared to the background, then the test result is considered positive, which undoubtedly indicates the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the human stomach.
• Test for the presence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (sign up) in blood, saliva or gastric juice using ELISA. This method is used only when a person is examined for the first time for the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach, and has not previously been treated for this microorganism. This test is not used to monitor treatment, since antibodies remain in the body for several years, while Helicobacter pylori itself is no longer present.
• Analysis of stool for the presence of Helicobacter pylori using PCR. This analysis is rarely used due to the lack of necessary technical capabilities, but it is quite accurate. It can be used both for the initial detection of Helicobacter pylori infection and for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy.

Typically, one test is selected and ordered and performed in a medical facility.

How to treat Helicobacter pylori. Basic methods and treatment regimens for helicobacteriosis

Modern treatment of Helicobacter-associated diseases. What is the Helicobacter pylori eradication scheme?

After the discovery of the leading role of bacteria Helicobacter pylori In the development of diseases such as gastritis type B and peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, a new era in the treatment of these diseases began.

Have been developed latest methods treatments based on removing Helicobacter pylori from the body by ingesting combinations of medications (the so-called eradication therapy ).

The standard Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen necessarily includes drugs that have a direct antibacterial effect (antibiotics, chemotherapeutic antibacterial drugs), as well as drugs that reduce the secretion of gastric juice and thus create an unfavorable environment for bacteria.

Should Helicobacter pylori be treated? Indications for the use of eradication therapy for helicobacteriosis

Not all carriers of Helicobacter pylori develop Helicobacter pylori-associated pathological processes. Therefore, in each specific case of detection of Helicobacter pylori in a patient, consultation with a gastroenterologist, and often with other specialists, is necessary to determine medical tactics and strategy.

However, the global community of gastroenterologists has developed clear standards regulating cases when eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori disease using special regimens is absolutely necessary.

Regimens with antibacterial drugs are prescribed for the following pathological conditions:

• peptic ulcer of the stomach and/or duodenum;
• condition after gastric resection for stomach cancer;
• gastritis with atrophy of the gastric mucosa (precancerous condition);
• stomach cancer in close relatives;

In addition, the world council of gastroenterologists strongly recommends eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori for the following diseases:

• functional dyspepsia;
• gastroesophageal reflux (a pathology characterized by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus);
• diseases requiring long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

How to kill Helicobacter pylori reliably and comfortably? What requirements are met by the standard modern treatment regimen for diseases such as Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and gastric and/or duodenal ulcers?

Modern Helicobacter pylori eradication schemes satisfy the following requirements:

1. High efficiency (as clinical data show, modern eradication therapy regimens provide at least 80% of cases of complete elimination of helicobacteriosis);
2. Safety for patients (regimens are not allowed into general medical practice if more than 15% of subjects experience any adverse effects side effects treatment);
3. Convenience for patients:

• the shortest possible course of treatment (today, regimens involving a two-week course are allowed, but 10 and 7-day courses of eradication therapy are generally accepted);
• reducing the number of medications taken due to the use of medications with a longer half-life of the active substance from the human body.

4. Initial alternativeness of Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens (you can replace the “inappropriate” antibiotic or chemotherapy drug within the chosen regimen).

First and second line of eradication therapy. Three-component regimen for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori with antibiotics and quadruple therapy for Helicobacter (4-component regimen)

Today, the so-called first and second lines of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori have been developed. They were adopted during consensus conferences with the participation of leading gastroenterologists of the world.

The first such global consultation of doctors on the fight against Helicobacter pylori was held in the city of Maastricht at the end of the last century. Since then, several similar conferences have taken place, all of which were called Maastricht, although the last meetings took place in Florence.

World luminaries have come to the conclusion that none of the eradication schemes provides a 100% guarantee of getting rid of helicobacteriosis. Therefore, it has been proposed to formulate several “lines” of regimens, so that a patient treated with one of the first-line regimens can turn to second-line regimens in case of failure.

First line schemes consist of three components: two antibacterial substances and a drug from the group of so-called proton pump inhibitors, which reduce the secretion of gastric juice. In this case, the antisecretory drug, if necessary, can be replaced with a bismuth drug, which has a bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and cauterizing effect.

Second line circuits They are also called Helicobacter quadrotherapy because they consist of four drugs: two antibacterial medications, an antisecretory substance from the group of proton pump inhibitors and a bismuth drug.

Is it possible to cure Helicobacter pylori if the first and second lines of eradication therapy are powerless? Bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics

In cases where the first and second lines of eradication therapy are powerless, as a rule, we are talking about a strain of Helicobacter pylori that is particularly resistant to antibacterial drugs.

To destroy the harmful bacterium, doctors conduct a preliminary diagnosis of the strain's sensitivity to antibiotics. To do this, during fibrogastroduodenoscopy, a culture of Helicobacter pylori is taken and sown on nutrient media, determining the ability of various antibacterial substances to suppress the growth of colonies of pathogenic bacteria.

The patient is then prescribed third line eradication therapy , the regimen of which includes individually selected antibacterial drugs.

It should be noted that increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics is one of the main problems of modern gastroenterology. Every year, more and more new eradication therapy regimens are tested, designed to destroy particularly resistant strains.

Antibiotics are the number one drug for treating Helicobacter pylori

What antibiotics are prescribed for Helicobacter pylori infection to treat: amoxicillin (Flemoxin), clarithromycin, etc.

Back in the late eighties, the sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori bacterial cultures to antibiotics was studied, and it turned out that in vitro colonies of the causative agent of Helicobacter-associated gastritis can be easily destroyed using 21 antibacterial agents.

However, these data have not been confirmed in clinical practice. So, for example, the antibiotic erythromycin, which is highly effective in a laboratory experiment, turned out to be absolutely powerless to expel Helicobacter from the human body.

It turned out that an acidic environment completely deactivates many antibiotics. In addition, some antibacterial agents are not able to penetrate the deep layers of mucus, where most Helicobacter pylori bacteria live.

So the choice of antibiotics that can cope with Helicobacter pylori is not so great. Today the most popular medications are the following:

• amoxicillin (Flemoxin);
• clarithromycin;
• azithromycin;
• tetracycline;
• Levofloxacin.

Amoxicillin (Flemoxin) - tablets for Helicobacter pylori

The broad-spectrum antibiotic amoxicillin is included in many first- and second-line Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy regimens.

Amoxicillin (another popular name for this medication is Flemoxin) belongs to the semi-synthetic penicillins, that is, it is a distant relative of the first antibiotic invented by mankind.

This drug has a bactericidal effect (kills bacteria), but acts exclusively on reproducing microorganisms, so it is not prescribed together with bacteriostatic agents that inhibit the active division of microbes.

Like most penicillin antibiotics, amoxicillin has a relatively small number of contraindications. The drug is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to penicillins, as well as for patients with infectious mononucleosis and a tendency to leukemoid reactions.

Amoxicillin is used with caution during pregnancy, renal failure, and also when there are indications of previous antibiotic-associated colitis.

Amoxiclav is an antibiotic that kills particularly persistent bacteria Helicobacter pylori

Amoxiclav is a combination drug consisting of two active ingredients - amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which ensures the effectiveness of the drug against penicillin-resistant strains of microorganisms.

The fact is that penicillins are the oldest group of antibiotics, which many strains of bacteria have already learned to fight by producing special enzymes - beta-lactamases, which destroy the core of the penicillin molecule.

Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam and takes the hit of beta-lactamases from penicillin-resistant bacteria. As a result, enzymes that destroy penicillin are bound, and free amoxicillin molecules destroy bacteria.

Contraindications for taking Amoxiclav are the same as for amoxicillin. However, it should be noted that Amoxiclav more often causes serious dysbiosis than regular amoxicillin.

Antibiotic clarithromycin (Klacid) as a remedy against Helicobacter pylori

The antibiotic clarithromycin is one of the most popular drugs used against the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. It is used in many first-line eradication therapy regimens.

Clarithromycin (Klacid) belongs to the antibiotics from the erythromycin group, which are also called macrolides. These are broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotics with low toxicity. Thus, taking second-generation macrolides, which include clarithromycin, causes adverse side effects in only 2% of patients.

The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, less often - stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa) and gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), and even less often - cholestasis (stagnation of bile).

Clarithromycin is one of the most powerful drugs used against the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Resistance to this antibiotic is relatively rare.

The second one is very attractive quality Klacida is its synergy with antisecretory drugs from the group of proton pump inhibitors, which are also included in eradication therapy regimens. Thus, clarithromycin and antisecretory drugs prescribed together mutually enhance each other’s actions, promoting the rapid expulsion of Helicobacter from the body.

Clarithromycin is contraindicated in case of increased individual sensitivity to macrolides. This drug is used with caution in infancy (up to 6 months), in pregnant women (especially in the first trimester), with renal and liver failure.

The antibiotic azithromycin is a “spare” drug for Helicobacter pylori

Azithromycin is a third generation macrolide. This drug causes unpleasant side effects even less frequently than clarithromycin (in only 0.7% of cases), but is inferior to its named groupmate in effectiveness against Helicobacter pylori.

However, azithromycin is prescribed as an alternative to clarithromycin in cases where the use of the latter is prevented by side effects, such as diarrhea.

The advantages of azithromycin over Klacid are also increased concentration in gastric and intestinal juice, which promotes targeted antibacterial action, and ease of administration (only once a day).

How to kill Helicobacter pylori if the first line of eradication therapy has failed? Treatment of infection with tetracycline

The antibiotic tetracycline has relatively greater toxicity, so it is prescribed in cases where the first line of eradication therapy has failed.

This is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic, which is the founder of the group of the same name (tetracycline group).

The toxicity of drugs from the tetracycline group is largely due to the fact that their molecules are not selective and affect not only pathogenic bacteria, but also the reproducing cells of the macroorganism.

In particular, tetracycline can inhibit hematopoiesis, causing anemia, leukopenia (decreased number of white blood cells) and thrombocytopenia (decreased number of platelets), disrupt spermatogenesis and cell division of epithelial membranes, contributing to the occurrence of erosions and ulcers in the digestive tract, and dermatitis on the skin.

In addition, tetracycline often has a toxic effect on the liver and disrupts protein synthesis in the body. In children, antibiotics of this group cause impaired growth of bones and teeth, as well as neurological disorders.

Therefore, tetracyclines are not prescribed to small patients under 8 years of age, as well as to pregnant women (the drug crosses the placenta).

Tetracycline is also contraindicated in patients with leukopenia, and pathologies such as renal or liver failure, gastric and/or duodenal ulcers require special caution when prescribing the drug.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori bacteria with fluoroquinolone antibiotics: levofloxacin

Levofloxacin belongs to fluoroquinolones - the newest group of antibiotics. As a rule, this drug is used only in second- and third-line regimens, that is, in patients who have already undergone one or two fruitless attempts to eradicate Helicobacter pylori.

Like all fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic. Restrictions on the use of fluoroquinolones in Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens are associated with the increased toxicity of drugs in this group.

Levofloxacin is not prescribed to minors (under 18 years of age) as it can negatively affect the growth of bone and cartilage tissue. In addition, the drug is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, patients with severe lesions of the central nervous system(epilepsy), as well as in case of individual intolerance to drugs of this group.

Nitroimidazoles, when they are prescribed in short courses (up to 1 month), extremely rarely have a toxic effect on the body. However, when taking them, unpleasant side effects may occur such as allergic reactions (itchy skin rash) and dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth).

It should be borne in mind that metronidazole, like all drugs from the nitroimidazoles group, is not compatible with alcohol (causes severe reactions when taking alcohol) and turns the urine a bright red-brown color.

Metronidazole is not prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as in case of individual intolerance to the drug.

Historically, metronidazole was the first antibacterial agent to be successfully used in the fight against Helicobacter pylori. Barry Marshall, who discovered the existence of Helicobacter pylori, conducted a successful experiment on himself with Helicobacter pylori infection, and then cured type B gastritis that developed as a result of the research with a two-component regimen of bismuth and metronidazole.

However, today an increase in the resistance of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole is being recorded all over the world. Thus, clinical studies conducted in France showed resistance of Helicobacteriosis to this drug in 60% of patients.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with Macmiror (nifuratel)

Macmiror (nifuratel) is an antibacterial drug from the group of nitrofuran derivatives. Medicines in this group have both bacteriostatic (bind nucleic acids and prevent the proliferation of microorganisms) and bactericidal effects (inhibit vital biochemical reactions in the microbial cell).

When taken for a short time, nitrofurans, including Macmiror, do not have a toxic effect on the body. Side effects rarely include allergic reactions and dyspepsia of the gastralgic type (stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting). It is characteristic that nitrofurans, unlike other anti-infective substances, do not weaken, but rather strengthen the body’s immune response.

The only contraindication to the use of Macmiror is increased individual sensitivity to the drug, which is rare. Macmiror crosses the placenta, so it is prescribed to pregnant women with great caution.

If there is a need to take Macmiror during lactation, you must temporarily stop breastfeeding (the drug passes into breast milk).

As a rule, Macmiror is prescribed in second-line Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy regimens (that is, after an unsuccessful first attempt to get rid of Helicobacter pylori). Unlike metronidazole, Macmiror is characterized by higher efficiency, since Helicobacter pylori has not yet developed resistance to this drug.

Clinical data show high efficiency and low toxicity of the drug in four-component regimens (proton pump inhibitor + bismuth drug + amoxicillin + Macmiror) in the treatment of helicobacteriosis in children. So many experts recommend prescribing this drug to children and adults in first-line regimens, replacing metronidazole with Macmiror.

Eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori using bismuth preparations (De-nol)

The active ingredient of the medical anti-ulcer drug De-nol is bismuth tripotassium dicitrate, which is also called colloidal bismuth subcitrate, or simply bismuth subcitrate.

Bismuth preparations were used in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers even before the discovery of Helicobacter pylori. The fact is that when De-nol gets into the acidic environment of the gastric contents, it forms a kind of protective film on the damaged surfaces of the stomach and duodenum, which prevents aggressive factors from the gastric contents.

In addition, De-nol stimulates the formation of protective mucus and bicarbonates, which reduce the acidity of gastric juice, and also promotes the accumulation of special epidermal growth factors in the damaged mucosa. As a result, under the influence of bismuth preparations, erosions quickly epithelialize, and the ulcers undergo scarring.

After the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, it turned out that bismuth preparations, including De-nol, have the ability to inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori, having both a direct bactericidal effect and transforming the habitat of bacteria in such a way that Helicobacter pylori is removed from the digestive tract.

It should be noted that De-nol, unlike other bismuth preparations (such as, for example, bismuth subnitrate and bismuth subsalicylate), is able to dissolve in gastric mucus and penetrate into the deep layers - the habitat of most Helicobacter pylori bacteria. In this case, bismuth gets inside microbial bodies and accumulates there, destroying their outer shells.

The drug De-nol, in cases where it is prescribed short courses, does not have a systemic effect on the body, since most of the drug is not absorbed into the blood, but passes through the intestines in transit.

So the only contraindications to prescribing De-nol are increased individual sensitivity to the drug. In addition, De-nol should not be taken during pregnancy, lactation and in patients with severe kidney damage.

The fact is that a small part of the drug that enters the blood can pass through the placenta and into breast milk. The drug is excreted by the kidneys, so serious violations of the excretory function of the kidneys can lead to the accumulation of bismuth in the body and the development of transient encephalopathy.

How to reliably get rid of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori? Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as a cure for helicobacteriosis: Omez (omeprazole), Pariet (rabeprazole), etc.

Medicines from the group of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs, proton pump inhibitors) are traditionally included in both first- and second-line Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy regimens.

The mechanism of action of all drugs in this group is the selective blockade of the activity of the parietal cells of the stomach, which produce gastric juice containing such aggressive factors as hydrochloric acid and proteolytic (protein-dissolving) enzymes.

Thanks to the use of drugs such as Omez and Pariet, the secretion of gastric juice is reduced, which, on the one hand, sharply worsens the living conditions for Helicobacter pylori and promotes the eradication of bacteria, and, on the other hand, eliminates the aggressive effect of gastric juice on the damaged surface and leads to rapid epithelization of ulcers and erosions. In addition, reducing the acidity of gastric contents allows one to maintain the activity of acid-sensitive antibiotics.

It should be noted that the active ingredients of drugs from the PPI group are acid-labile, so they are produced in special capsules that dissolve only in the intestines. Of course, for the medicine to work, the capsules must be consumed whole, without chewing.

Absorption of the active ingredients of drugs such as Omez and Pariet occurs in the intestines. Once in the blood, PPIs accumulate in the parietal cells of the stomach in fairly high concentrations. So their therapeutic effect lasts for a long time.

All drugs from the PPI group have a selective effect, so unpleasant side effects are rare and, as a rule, consist of headache, dizziness, and the development of signs of dyspepsia (nausea, intestinal dysfunction).

Medicines from the group of proton pump inhibitors are not prescribed during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in cases of increased individual sensitivity to drugs.

Children (under 12 years of age) are a contraindication to the use of Omez. As for the drug Pariet, the instructions do not recommend using this drug in children. Meanwhile, there are clinical data from leading Russian gastroenterologists indicating good results treatment of helicobacteriosis in children under 10 years of age with regimens including Pariet.

What treatment regimen for gastritis with Helicobacter pylori is optimal? This is the first time this bacteria has been found in me (the test for Helicobacter is positive), I have been suffering from gastritis for a long time. I read the forum, there are a lot of positive reviews about treatment with De-nol, but the doctor did not prescribe this drug for me. Instead, he prescribed amoxicillin, clarithromycin and Omez. The price is impressive. Can the bacteria be removed with less medication?

The doctor prescribed you a regimen that is considered optimal today. The effectiveness of combining a proton pump inhibitor (Omez) with the antibiotics amoxicillin and clarithromycin reaches 90-95%.

Modern medicine is categorically against the use of monotherapy (that is, therapy with only one drug) for the treatment of Helicobacter-associated gastritis due to the low effectiveness of such regimens.

For example, clinical studies have shown that monotherapy with the same drug De-nol can achieve complete eradication of Helicobacter in only 30% of patients.

What complications can there be during and after treatment for Helicobacter pylori if a multicomponent course of eradication therapy with antibiotics is prescribed?

The appearance of unpleasant side effects during and after a course of eradication therapy with antibiotics depends on many factors, primarily on such as:

• individual sensitivity of the body to certain drugs;
• presence of concomitant diseases;
• the state of the intestinal microflora at the time of initiation of anti-Helicobacter therapy.

The most common side effects and complications of eradication therapy are the following pathological conditions:
1. Allergic reactions to the active ingredients of medications included in the eradication regimen. Such side effects appear in the very first days of treatment and completely disappear after discontinuation of the drug that caused the allergy.
2. Gastrointestinal dyspepsia, which may consist in the appearance of such unpleasant symptoms as nausea, vomiting, an unpleasant taste of bitterness or metal in the mouth, stool upset, flatulence, a feeling of discomfort in the stomach and intestines, etc. In cases where the described signs are not very pronounced, doctors advise to be patient, since after a few days the condition may return to normal on its own with continued treatment. If signs of gastrointestinal dyspepsia continue to bother the patient, corrective medications (antiemetics, antidiarrheals) are prescribed. IN severe cases(vomiting and diarrhea that cannot be corrected) the eradication course is cancelled. This happens infrequently (in 5-8% of cases of dyspepsia).
3. Dysbacteriosis. An imbalance of intestinal microflora most often develops when macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin) and tetracycline are prescribed, which have the most detrimental effect on E. coli. It should be noted that many experts believe that relatively short courses of antibiotic therapy, which are prescribed during the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, are not able to seriously disrupt the bacterial balance. Therefore, the appearance of signs of dysbiosis is more likely to be expected in patients with initial dysfunction of the stomach and intestines (concomitant enterocolitis, etc.). To prevent such complications, doctors advise, after eradication therapy, to undergo a course of treatment with bacterial preparations or simply consume more lactic acid products (bio-kefir, yoghurts, etc.).

Is it possible to treat Helicobacter without antibiotics?

How to cure Helicobacter pylori without antibiotics?

It is possible to do without Helicobacter pylori eradication schemes, which necessarily include antibiotics and other antibacterial substances, only in cases of low contamination of Helicobacter pylori, in cases where there are no clinical signs of Helicobacter pylori-related pathology (type B gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, iron deficiency anemia , atopic dermatitis, etc.).

Since eradication therapy represents a serious burden on the body and often causes adverse side effects in the form of dysbiosis, patients with asymptomatic carriage of Helicobacter are advised to choose “lighter” drugs, the action of which is aimed at normalizing the gastrointestinal microflora and strengthening the immune system.

Bactistatin is a dietary supplement used as a remedy for Helicobacter pylori.

Bactistatin is a dietary supplement intended to normalize the state of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

In addition, the components of bactistatin activate the immune system, improve digestive processes and normalize intestinal motility.

Contraindications to the prescription of bactistatin are pregnancy, breastfeeding, as well as individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

Homeopathy and Helicobacter pylori. Reviews from patients and doctors about treatment with homeopathic medicines

There are many positive patient reviews online about the treatment of Helicobacter pylori with homeopathy, which, unlike scientific medicine, considers Helicobacter pylori not an infectious process, but a disease of the whole body.

Homeopathy specialists are convinced that the overall health of the body with the help of homeopathic remedies should lead to the restoration of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and the successful elimination of Helicobacter pylori.

Official medicine, as a rule, is without prejudice towards homeopathic medicines in cases where they are prescribed according to indications.

The fact is that with asymptomatic carriage of Helicobacter pylori, the choice of treatment method remains with the patient. As clinical experience shows, in many patients Helicobacter pylori is an accidental finding and does not manifest itself in any way in the body.

Here the opinions of doctors were divided. Some doctors argue that Helicobacter should be removed from the body at any cost, since it poses a risk of developing many diseases (pathology of the stomach and duodenum, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, allergic skin lesions, intestinal dysbiosis). Other experts are confident that in a healthy body Helicobacter pylori can live for years and decades without causing any harm.

Therefore, turning to homeopathy in cases where there are no indications for prescribing eradication regimens is completely justified from the point of view of official medicine.

Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Helicobacter pylori - video

Helicobacter pylori bacterium: treatment with propolis and other folk remedies

Propolis as an effective folk remedy for Helicobacter pylori

Clinical studies of the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers using alcohol solutions of propolis and other bee products were carried out even before the discovery of Helicobacter pylori. At the same time, very encouraging results were obtained: patients who, in addition to conventional antiulcer therapy, received honey and alcoholic propolis, felt significantly better.

After the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, additional research was carried out on the bactericidal properties of bee products against Helicobacter pylori and a technology for preparing an aqueous tincture of propolis was developed.

The Geriatric Center conducted clinical trials of the use of an aqueous solution of propolis for the treatment of helicobacteriosis in elderly people. Patients took 100 ml of an aqueous solution of propolis as eradication therapy for two weeks, while in 57% of patients complete healing from Helicobacter pylori was achieved, and in the remaining patients there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori.

Scientists have concluded that multicomponent antibiotic therapy can be replaced by taking propolis tincture in such cases as:

• elderly age of the patient;
• presence of contraindications to the use of antibiotics;
• proven resistance of the Helicobacter pylori strain to antibiotics;
• low contamination with Helicobacter pylori.

Is it possible to use flax seed as a folk remedy for Helicobacter?

Traditional medicine has long used flax seed for acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract. The basic principle of the effect of flax seed preparations on the affected surfaces of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract consists of the following effects:
1. Enveloping (formation of a film on the inflamed surface of the stomach and/or intestines that protects the damaged mucosa from the effects of aggressive components of gastric and intestinal juice);
2. Anti-inflammatory;
3. Anesthetic;
4. Antisecretory (reduced secretion of gastric juice).

However, flax seed preparations do not have a bactericidal effect, and therefore are not able to destroy Helicobacter pylori. They can be considered as a kind of symptomatic therapy (treatment aimed at reducing the severity of signs of pathology), which in itself is not capable of eliminating the disease.

It should be noted that flax seed has a pronounced choleretic effect, therefore this folk remedy is contraindicated for calculous cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder, accompanied by the formation of gallstones) and many other diseases of the biliary tract.

I have gastritis, Helicobacter pylori was discovered. I took treatment at home (De-nol), but without success, although I read positive reviews about this drug. I decided to try folk remedies. Will garlic help against helicobacteriosis?

Garlic is contraindicated for gastritis, as it will irritate the inflamed gastric mucosa. In addition, the bactericidal properties of garlic will clearly not be enough to destroy helicobacteriosis.

You should not experiment on yourself; contact a specialist who will prescribe an effective Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen that suits you.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with antibiotics and folk remedies: reviews (materials taken from various forums on the Internet)

There are a lot of positive reviews online about the treatment of Helicobacter pylori with antibiotics; patients talk about healed ulcers, normalization of stomach function, improvement general condition body. At the same time, there is evidence of the lack of effect of antibiotic therapy.

It should be noted that many patients ask each other to provide an “effective and harmless” treatment regimen for Helicobacter. Meanwhile, such treatment is prescribed individually, taking into account the following factors:

• the presence and severity of pathology associated with Helicobacter pylori;
• degree of contamination of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori;
• treatment previously taken for helicobacteriosis;
• general condition of the body (age, presence of concomitant diseases).

So a regimen that is ideal for one patient can bring nothing but harm to another. In addition, many “effective” schemes contain gross errors (most likely due to the fact that they have been circulating in the network for a long time and have undergone additional “revision”).

We found no evidence of the terrible complications of antibiotic therapy, with which patients for some reason constantly scare each other (“antibiotics are only a last resort”).

As for reviews of the treatment of Helicobacter pylori with folk remedies, there is evidence of successful treatment of Helicobacter with the help of propolis (in some cases we are even talking about the success of “family” treatment).

At the same time, some so-called “grandmother’s” recipes are striking in their illiteracy. For example, for gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori, it is advised to take blackcurrant juice on an empty stomach, and this is a direct road to a stomach ulcer.

In general, from a study of reviews of the treatment of Helicobacter pylori with antibiotics and folk remedies, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. The choice of treatment method for Helicobacter pylori should be made in consultation with a gastroenterologist, who will make the correct diagnosis and, if necessary, prescribe a suitable treatment regimen;
2. Under no circumstances should you use “health recipes” from the Internet - they contain many gross errors.

Traditional recipes for treating Helicobacter pylori infection - video

A little more about how to successfully cure helicobacteriosis. Diet for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori

The diet for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori is prescribed depending on the severity of the symptoms of diseases caused by the bacterium, such as type B gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers.

In case of asymptomatic carriage, it is enough to simply follow the correct diet, refusing to overeat and foods harmful to the stomach (smoked food, fried “crust”, spicy and salty foods, etc.).

For peptic ulcers and type B gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed; all dishes that have the properties of increasing the secretion of gastric juice, such as meat, fish and strong vegetable broths, are completely excluded from the diet.

It is necessary to switch to fractional meals 5 or more times a day in small portions. All food is served in semi-liquid form - boiled and steamed. At the same time, limit the consumption of table salt and easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar, jam).

Whole milk (with good tolerance, up to 5 glasses a day), mucous milk soups with oatmeal, semolina or buckwheat help very well to get rid of stomach ulcers and gastritis type B. The lack of vitamins is compensated for by the introduction of bran (a tablespoon per day - taken after steaming with boiling water).

For the speedy healing of defects in the mucous membrane, proteins are needed, so you need to eat soft-boiled eggs, Dutch cheese, non-acidic cottage cheese and kefir. You should not give up eating meat - meat and fish soufflés and cutlets are recommended. The missing calories are supplemented with butter.

In the future, the diet is gradually expanded, including boiled meat and fish, lean ham, non-acidic sour cream and yogurt. The side dishes are also varied - boiled potatoes, porridge and noodles are included.

As ulcers and erosions heal, the diet approaches table No. 15 (the so-called recovery diet). However, even in the late recovery period, you should avoid smoked meats, fried foods, seasonings, and canned foods for quite a long time. It is very important to completely eliminate smoking, alcohol, coffee, and carbonated drinks.

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Helicobacter pylori bacterium: what to do, signs, diagnosis, how to treat and prevention

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Helicobacter pylori is a harmful bacterium that causes Helicobacteriosis. It manifests itself as diseases of the digestive system, affecting the cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Helicobacter has an ICD-10 code, but it can change depending on the disorder that the microorganism causes.

About the bacteria

The spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the pyloric region of the stomach is called Helicobacter pylori. Because of its shape, it easily penetrates the mucous membrane and moves there unhindered. It also has the ability to form a film, which is protection against antibiotics and the body’s immune response.

Scientific classification of Helicobacter

• phylum – Proteobacteria, the largest group of bacteria.
• Genus – Helicobacter. In the form of a spiral, not stained using the Gram method. Only 10 representatives of this species are pathogenic to humans. The most significant is H. pylori.

International classification of Helicobacter diseases

By International classification The pathogen has code B98 - a specified agent of diseases from other categories.

This microorganism is one of the causes of:

• chronic gastritis;
• duodenitis.

The microorganism can develop:

• hepatitis;

Complications after Helicobacter pylori

Complications after Helicobacter can be:

• critical digestive disorder;

Those infected do not always show signs of gastrointestinal diseases, but the vast majority of cases are associated with bacterial infection.

Infection occurs:

• contact and household;
• fecal-oral route.

That is, transmission of such a pathogen is possible only when:

• using utensils;
• use of hygiene products of an infected person;
• kisses;
• eating contaminated food.

At risk are:

• workers of medical institutions;
• boarding school students;
• people living in a hostel.

The infection is considered “familial” - the agent was detected in the body of at least one family member, and everyone will become infected. This is due to close contact and shared utensils.

Danger of Helicobacter pylori

The danger of Helicobacter is that the microorganism increases the risk of developing chronic infections of the digestive system. The presence of a pathogen in the body not only harms the gastrointestinal tract, but can also provoke a disorder of the immune system. Treatment is not always effective because the bacterium:

• is highly resistant to antibiotics;
• widespread.

Signs and symptoms of Helicobacteriosis

Consequences of the influence of the microorganism - disruption of activity:

• stomach;
• intestines.

Photo: How does it develop in the body?

Symptoms and signs of Helicobacter may vary because each organism is different. Also, symptoms differ depending on the affected organ. The most common manifestations of the disease:

1. Abnormal stool – frequent constipation or diarrhea.
2. Pain in the stomach area that subsides after eating.
3. Bad breath.
4. Nausea after eating.
5. Redness or rashes on the skin, like allergies.
6. Hair loss.
7. Brittle nails.

If you do not see a doctor on time, complications may occur. For example, redness on the face leads to the development of conjunctivitis.

In some people, the disease is latent, that is, symptoms are not expressed. In this case, it can be detected by conducting certain studies.

Diagnostic methods

The presence of Helicobacter pylori can be detected by several diagnostic methods. The following diagnostic methods are widely used:

• fibrogastroscopy;
• fibrogastroduodenoscopy.

Fibrogastroscopy or Fibrogastroduodenoscopy

The difference between the procedures is that the second allows you to affect not only the stomach, but also the duodenum.

Conducting research:

1. A gastroscope is inserted through the esophagus.
2. The doctor examines the mucous membrane.
3. Additionally, a biopsy is taken - a tissue sample for examination.

Stool analysis for H. Pylori

A fecal test for H. Pylori antigen is used. Particles of bacteria are detected in the stool.

Photo: penetration of bacteria into the body

Blood test for IgG antibodies

Diagnosis of Helicobacter may require a blood test - the infection is detected by testing for IgG antibodies.

Breath test

The most in a simple way is a breath test. This method allows you to quickly get results without causing pain or anxiety. To do this, you need to breathe into a special tube with an indicator for 10 minutes.

Treatment of Helicobacteriosis

To eliminate the microorganism, complex drug therapy is prescribed, including medications:

• reducing stomach acidity;
• reducing the production of gastric juice;
• antimicrobial drugs.

Treatment of Helicobacter in adults is carried out according to two “lines” of schemes:

1. Two antibiotics and a bismuth preparation.
2. Two antibiotics, an antisecretory agent and a bismuth preparation.

Due to the fact that the microorganism develops resistance to antimicrobial medications, the disease can be treated according to different schemes. After any therapy, medications are prescribed that restore the intestinal microflora. If one technique does not help, another regimen is prescribed.

If a pathogen is detected in a family member, the entire family is subject to further examination and treatment for H. pylori.

Folk remedies for Helicobacter pylori

Folk remedies can also help with Helicobacter. They should be selected based on the characteristics of the disease in a particular person.

For low acidity:

• freshly squeezed cabbage juice 1 hour before meals (100 ml);
• 1 tablespoon of plantain leaf juice;
• gruel of 2-3 cloves of garlic: add water and drink in the morning on an empty stomach.

For high acidity:

• freshly squeezed potato juice before meals (100 ml);
• a decoction of chamomile, yarrow, celandine and St. John's wort: take in equal parts, pour boiling water and leave for 8 hours.

Diet for illness

The treatment also includes certain nutritional principles.

Authorized Products

The diet should include:

• dairy products;
• soups;
• porridge;
• jelly;
• chicken eggs;
• chicken.

Drink clean water should be from 1.5 liters per day.

Prohibited Products

You can't eat:

• fat;
• mushrooms;
• canned food;
• smoked meats;
• seasonings

Alcohol is prohibited in any quantity.

Cooking Rules

Cooking rules:

• wipe before use;
• eat 5-6 times a day;
• food should be warm;
• cook, stew or bake without oil.

Diet and nutrition for Helicobacter should put minimal stress on digestion. Soft food (soups, jelly) coats the gastric mucosa, dairy products help with heartburn, and chicken meat is considered dietary. Accurate recommendations given to each patient by a gastroenterologist.

Project consultant, co-author of the article: Ovchinnikova Natalya Ivanovna| Gastroenterologist, Hepatologist, Infectious disease specialist
30 years of experience / Doctor of the highest category, Candidate of Medical Sciences

Education:
Diploma in General Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical Institute (1988), Residency in Gastroenterology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (1997)

IN modern world There are many different diseases. In this article I would like to talk about how Helicobacter can be treated: a treatment regimen and getting rid of this problem.

What it is?

At the very beginning, you need to understand the concepts that will be used in this article. What is Helicobacter pylori? spiral-shaped, which lives either in duodenum, or in the stomach. The danger of Helicobacter is that it can cause various diseases, such as gastritis, polyps, hepatitis, ulcers and even cancer. It is also worth saying that the majority of the inhabitants of our planet, approximately 60%, are infected with this microorganism. Scientists say that it is in second place in terms of prevalence after herpes infection. It can be contracted through contaminated food or water, as well as through contact with a sick person through sputum or even saliva, which can be released during coughing or sneezing.

Requirements

It is very important to also consider the schemes. So, it is worth saying that for therapy there are several simple but important requirements:

1. The main goal of therapy is to destroy (this is not always possible to do completely) these harmful bacteria.
2. We must try to eliminate side effects. If they occur, the drug can be changed.
3. It is very important that the treatment gives positive results for 7-14 days.

Important rules that imply the treatment of Helicobacter

The treatment regimen must meet very simple but very important rules. What not only every doctor, but also the patient should remember:

1. If the treatment regimen does not produce the desired effect on the patient, it is not worth repeating.
2. If the regimen is ineffective, it may mean that the bacteria has become immune to one of the components used in the therapy.
3. If no treatment regimen has a positive effect on a person, it is necessary to check the sensitivity of the disease strain to the entire spectrum of antibiotics.
4. If a year after recovery a person becomes infected again, it should be considered as a relapse, but not as a reinfection.
5. If a relapse of the disease occurs, a more stringent treatment regimen must be applied.

Medications

What steps can be taken if treatment for Helicobacter is expected? The treatment regimen may consist of the following medications:

1. Their the main objective- reduce the acidity of the stomach and coat its walls.
2. You will also need substances that suppress the production of gastric juice. In this case, it is customary to talk about proton pump blockers and H2-histamine blockers.
3. Antibacterial agents - antibiotics. Their main goal is to destroy the harmful organism.

Scheme 1. Seven days

How can Helicobacter be treated with antibiotics? The regimen can be seven days (the so-called first line of therapy). In this case, all medications are taken twice a day for a week. In this case, the doctor will most likely prescribe the following medications to the patient:

1. Proton pump inhibitors. This may be one of the following drugs: Omez, Lanzoprazole, Esomeprazole.
2. Bactericidal agents, for example a drug such as Klacid.
3. You can also use the antibiotic Amoxiclav (a group of penicillins).

Scheme 2. Ten- or fourteen-day treatment

Helicobacter can be treated with antibiotics for two weeks. The scheme in this case could be as follows:

1. Proton pump inhibitors are taken twice daily. These will again be drugs such as Omeprazole, Pariet, Nexium.
2. Four times a day you will need to take a medication such as De-nol (bismuth subcitrate).
3. The drug Metronidazole is prescribed three times a day.
4. For complete cure, you will also need to take the drug Tetracycline, which is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, four times a day.

Actions after completion of treatment

Once the basic treatment regimen for Helicobacter pylori has been completed, you should not relax. Next, you need to support your body with the help of medications for a certain period of time:

1. Five weeks, if we are talking about duodenal localization of the microorganism.
2. Seven weeks, if its localization is gastric.

The subsequent treatment regimen for Helicobacter pylori with antibiotics includes the use of one of the following drugs:

1. Proton pump inhibitors - drugs "Omez", "Rabeprazole". You need to take these medications 1-2 times a day.
2. Histamine H2 receptor blockers. These may be drugs such as Ranitidine, Famotidine. Taken twice a day.
3. Antibiotic "Amcosiclav" - 2 times a day.

Helicobacter gastritis

Now we will consider a treatment regimen for gastritis with Helicobacter. What medications can the doctor prescribe in this case? These may be drugs such as De-Nol, as well as Metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Amoxicycline. To work more efficiently, the drug Omeprazole may be prescribed. To improve recovery processes in the stomach, you can take medications such as Solcoseryl and Gastrofarm.

Main side effects

If the Helicobacter pylori treatment regimen described above was used, it is worth mentioning that the drugs can also cause some side effects. I would like to separately talk about some of them:

1. If the patient took Omeprazole, bismuth, or Tetracycline, flatulence, diarrhea, dizziness, dark stools, and increased renal failure are possible.
2. If the patient took a medication such as Metronidazole, the following side symptoms may occur: vomiting, headache, temperature increase.
3. While taking Amoxicycline, pseudomembronous colitis may develop, there may be diarrhea, and a rash.
4. When taking Clarithromycin, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and pseudomembranous colitis are possible.

Efficiency mark

What is important if treatment for Helicobacter is proposed? Treatment regimen, as well as assessment of its effectiveness:

1. An important indicator is the disappearance of pain.
2. Dyspeptic syndrome (unpleasant sensations in the upper abdomen) should disappear.
3. Well, the most important thing is the complete disappearance of the causative agent of the disease - Helicobacter pylori.

Small conclusions

It is also worth mentioning that doctors are still arguing about which treatment regimen is best to choose. After all, complete destruction of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium is possible only with the use of a large number of different antibiotics (the microorganism can be resistant to most). And this is very harmful to the body. If the patient previously took a certain antibiotic, treatment with it will no longer be completely effective. In addition, this can lead to the death of intestinal microflora, which in itself is also very harmful to the patient’s health.