Very often, when starting to decorate walls, you may encounter a problem related to the quality of the base. Moreover, this problem occurs in most new buildings: the walls of the apartment are uneven, with many different defects. Such a surface cannot be painted or wallpaper glued to it, because... The wallpaper pattern will “float” and the sheets will stick crookedly. How to properly level the walls with your own hands so that the surface becomes perfectly flat?

How to level walls with your own hands

There are two ways to level the walls: using plasterboard sheets and using dry mixtures. Plasterboard wall It will be possible to putty, paint, and wallpaper on it in the future. But many craftsmen do not recommend gluing tiles onto drywall: they say its surface is too smooth. Universal method for leveling walls is the use of dry mixtures (plasters, putties). The finished surface turns out to be perfectly smooth and is perfect for any material - tiles, wallpaper, or simply for painting.

How to evaluate surface roughness

Before you begin leveling the walls, you need to measure the unevenness of the surface. To do this you will need a plumb line or a long level (2-2.5 m). Drive a nail into one of the corners of the room, leaving about 2-3 mm on the surface. This will be the first beacon. Now take some weight, for example a nut, and attach it to the nail by a thread. Hang the plumb line so that the weight almost reaches the floor. When the weight stops swinging, the plumb line forms a straight line. Then drive a second nail into the bottom of the wall so that the nail head and thread are in line.

First of all, you need to carefully prepare the surface for work.

Drive the nails in the same way and lower the plumb line from the opposite part of the wall. You will get four nails driven in around the perimeter of the wall and, accordingly, two straight lines. Now, to measure the unevenness, you will need a long thread, which you need to stretch from one end of the top nail to the opposite side of the bottom one. When fastening the thread crosswise, make sure that it does not come into contact with the wall. Tensioned threads - best landmark, from which you can see the deviation and you can decide how to align the walls, video and photos of the beacon installation process will help you imagine this system.

Now, thanks to the cords stretched at four points, you can see the exact condition of the wall surface in the room. If the deviation is small and is no more than 10-15 mm, gypsum or cement mixtures will be needed to level the wall.

How to level walls for tiles

If you plan to decorate the wall with tiles or tiles in the room, you need to level the walls with dry building mixtures. This method is considered more labor-intensive than, for example, leveling with plasterboard sheets. We will look in detail at how to level the walls in an apartment using mixtures.

The first stage is surface preparation. Clean the walls from old coverings (wallpaper, paint, loose plaster), turn off the power supply. The second stage is priming the base. It is necessary to prime the surface so that the plaster adheres well to the surface. It increases moisture resistance and prevents delamination of materials. For cement mixtures, the so-called “cement laitance” is usually used - a solution of sand, water and cement.

In order for the tile to lie flat and without defects, the surface must be perfect.

To calculate how to level the walls you need to install approximate beacons. Installation of the slats, which will serve as a guide, begins with installing the profile on opposite sides of the wall. The vertical position of the beacon is checked using a plumb line. The profile is fixed on the wall construction plaster– it is applied to the rail at several points. Now pull the cord through the profiles in the middle, bottom and top. Install the remaining slats so that the cord lightly touches them. The distance between the beacons is selected in accordance with the size of the tool that will be used to apply the plaster.

Choosing a leveling mixture

After this you can start applying construction mixture. When choosing a leveling compound, pay attention to the maximum thickness of the layer that will be applied and the type of bonding material. Gypsum building mixtures are best used for living rooms(bedroom, living room, children's room, etc.), as they well maintain the indoor microclimate. For wet rooms such as the kitchen or bathroom - cement mixtures are recommended. Mixtures on cement based prevent moisture from penetrating into concrete base, which prevents the development of fungus and mold.

The choice of dry mixture must be taken very seriously, because this is the key to successful repair work. In this case, you cannot save money by buying cheap building mixtures of dubious production. In addition, remember that each room is suitable certain type mixtures. For example, you cannot level the bathroom walls with gypsum mixture, which may remain after leveling the wall in the bedroom. Relatively brands you can get recommendations directly from hardware store.

You can also prepare plaster solutions yourself. For cement mortar you will need 1 part M400 cement and 6 parts sand. Pour sand into the mixing box and then add a layer of sand. Mix the ingredients thoroughly and start adding water gradually. Stir until creamy consistency. Some craftsmen prepare cement mortars using 1 part cement and 2-3 parts sand as a basis. A mixture with a small amount of sand is more flexible and therefore easier to work with. You need to dilute the purchased dry mixture according to the instructions. Ready solutions must be used within 1-2 hours after preparation, otherwise they may lose their properties.

Work order

Having determined the curvature of the walls using a plumb line, you can calculate approximate costs and consumption of the selected material. By the way, to reduce costs, it is not at all necessary to plaster all the walls to a perfectly smooth surface. In some cases it is enough to Finishing work only on those surfaces on which it is very noticeable: walls on which light falls, walls opposite the window, etc. The surface behind the furniture, cluttered with cabinets, does not have to be perfectly smooth. But, if you decide to correct only the most visible defects, think carefully about this step, suddenly after a while you decide to rearrange or re-glue the wallpaper, and all the irregularities will become noticeable.

The job of leveling walls with a plaster falcon requires some skill, but is not too difficult

Prepare the tools for plastering works. In order to level the walls with your own hands, you will need a spatula for mixing, spreading and smoothing the mortar, a drill with an attachment (construction mixer) for stirring dry mixtures, and a plaster falcon. The plaster falcon is indispensable assistant when carrying out finishing work. Many masters manage without it, despite the fact that this tool greatly simplifies the process of putty and plastering. It is a square shield 45x45 or 40x40 cm, in the middle of which a metal or wooden handle. Applied to the falcon required amount plaster, which is immediately used. Using a falcon, you won't have to constantly bend over to the bucket.

Clear the walls of old paint and wallpaper. After cleaning, carefully inspect the walls for rust stains, soot, oil stains and mildew. Remove all defects found mechanically. For some types of stains, you can use special acid or alkaline compounds. After this, inspect the old plaster, selectively tapping the wall surface. Beat poorly adhering plaster away from the surface so that you can subsequently plaster this area with a more durable solution.

Do not carry out finishing work on a damp wall. All damp places from old plaster or stains must be dried. After this, the wall surface is carefully primed. Due to the fact that the primer penetrates deeply into the surface of the base, it significantly improves the adhesion of layers of plaster applied to the wall.

When preparing for work, clear the floors of debris and cover them with thick paper or cardboard so as not to subsequently clean them of dried mortar. So, let's get to work. IN right hand take the plaster spatula and the falcon in the left one. Having collected the required amount of plaster on its surface, throw a portion of the mortar onto the wall and begin leveling. You can plaster the wall by spreading mortar from the falcon. In this case, it must be placed directly against the wall and the falcon with its contents must be directed from the bottom up.

Without experience, it will be quite difficult to get a perfectly flat surface, because... Such work requires accuracy and precision. The same beacons will help you achieve smooth walls. As a guide, there can be slats of the required length, width 2-3 cm and thickness equal to the thickness of the plaster coating. The slats can be secured with plaster mortar or nails.

Installing beacons will help achieve best result and will facilitate the alignment process itself

Plastering with beacons is done as follows: level the solution with a trowel and apply it in the direction from bottom to top. The amount of mortar is added until the layer of plaster reaches the level of the beacons. After this, the slats are carefully removed, and the remaining space is filled with solution.

At the junction of the walls and ceiling, angles are formed that must be made absolutely equal. Crooked corners can also form where two walls meet. How to align the corners of walls and remove defects after plastering work? Alignment can be done both by level and by plane (along the bumps). If the walls are being prepared for wallpaper, then it is better to level the corners. For other types of finishing: decorative plaster, painting, etc. corners can be aligned flat.

When leveling corners with gypsum plaster, a beacon is made in the corner itself, after which the corner is tightened to the width of the rule. The smoothness of the transition from the corner to the wall depends on the width of the rule. The longer the instrument, the less noticeable the transition will be. When working, you should use gypsum plaster (starting putty), since it is this mixture that allows you to level thin layers without sagging.

Leveling walls under tiles using drywall is different high quality

Align internal corners can be done using reinforcing tape. Moisten a wide spatula with water and apply putty to both sides of the inner corner. Make sure that the surface is evenly covered and that the layer of putty is not too thin. On both sides of the corner, the area covered should be about 50 mm. Dip the reinforcing tape into a bucket of water and bend it in half lengthwise. Now place it on the corner and press it into the putty. Start straightening it by holding the top end and straightening it towards the bottom edge.

Then moisten a wide spatula (10 cm) again and run it along each side of the corner. In this case, the edge of the spatula must be kept as close as possible to the bend. The force with which you need to press should be sufficient to squeeze out excess putty from under the tape. To avoid sagging and unevenness, clean the surface of the corner with a dry spatula. It is not recommended to use sandpaper or sanding mesh for cleaning, because... Doing so may damage the tape. Repeat applying the putty until your angle is perfectly even. Last layer apply with an angled trowel, which is more than 25 cm wide. After applying a fresh layer of plaster, run the angled trowel over the surface of the wall, pressing it to both sides. Now grab a 15-25 cm section along the wall. If you get a slight corrugation, remove it with a thin layer of finishing putty.

How to align walls with wallpaper

It is much easier to level walls with plasterboard than with dry mixtures. Plasterboard boards are fixed on a special frame made of metal profiles. A standard sheet of drywall is 2500x1200x12.5 cm. Based on these parameters, decide on the amount of material.

Measure the walls. If their length above and below is the same, then you can safely continue. If the lengths are different, this must be taken into account when mounting the frame. For example, the length of the lower edge of one wall is 3 m, while the length of the opposite wall is 3 m 5 cm. Therefore, these 5 cm must be taken into account when initially marking the room for the frame. You need to start marking from a longer wall, taking into account the distance under the guide.

Wallpaper walls lined with plasterboard look impeccably smooth and even

Next, stepping back 3-4 cm from the wall and ceiling, screw in the self-tapping screw. Attach a plumb line to it with a thick thread (you can take a regular nut). Now tie a thread to the screws and pull it tight. Do the same operation in all corners of the room, stretch the threads on the floor and near the ceiling. This will create the outline of the future drywall sheet. After checking the length of the parallel lines, remove the threads and attach the guides to the screws. After this, insert the guide posts into the guides on the floor and ceiling, in increments of 40-50 cm, having previously sawed them off to the height of the room. The resulting frame must be firmly strengthened. This is done by securing the racks to the guides with self-tapping screws. Now each of the racks must be firmly attached to the wall. For this, use simple wooden planks, slipping them into the gap between the wall and the gypsum plasterboard wall, attaching them with long screws, after inserting dowels first. Sheets of plasterboard are attached to each rack in increments of 30-40 cm. In this case, the heads of the screws must be slightly recessed into the plasterboard.

When you have installed all the sheets, you will have a perfectly flat surface that can be painted, wallpapered or applied to decorative plaster.

Video guide

Or putty.

How well this part of the work is carried out will directly depend appearance finished surface and its performance qualities.

If pre-treatment is neglected, the uneven base may begin to deform and crack over time, which will ruin the aesthetics of the top, finishing coating.

Any type cosmetic repairs, or painting, tiling, requires an indispensable preparatory procedure. It can be done by hired finishing specialists, but you can do it yourself.

First you need to inspect the entire room, determine the size and nature of defects and irregularities. Without this, it will be difficult to plan the progress of upcoming work.

What is the best way to level the walls, how to do it easily and quickly?

To accurately assess vertical flaws, you can use a water or.

This way the degree of curvature of existing defects will be more clearly visible.

When the assessment activities are completed, the actual leveling of the wall surfaces begins.

How to level a wall yourself. Preparation

Depending on the type and size of flaws, the number of defects and irregularities, various methods leveling the walls.

• Dry. Involves installation of auxiliary structures different types. For example, this could be drywall. The method is more labor-intensive, because it will require the manufacture of a frame on which sheets of material will then be attached.
• Raw. This method involves the use of special construction compounds: putty and plaster, including. This method well suited for uneven areas ranging from three to five centimeters in size. All holes are carefully sealed with mortar, and the resulting unevenness is carefully smoothed out.

Required materials and tools

For each type of finishing construction work materials are needed that are impossible to do without. To level the walls you will have to stock up on:

Types of mixtures

Numerous manufacturers finishing materials offer different kinds solutions with different properties and compositions. Based on their main characteristics, they can be divided into the following groups.

Cement

They have some disadvantages: drying time, not very good adhesion to, slight cracking. The first type of mixtures can be considered more universal.

Plaster

Gypsum-based compositions are especially popular for work.

Leveling the surface with gypsum allows you to apply a fairly wide layer that dries quickly, has excellent ductility, and high heat and sound insulation properties.

There are special gypsum compositions - rotgypsum and rotbands: special additives in them significantly increase adhesive properties.

Heat-saving

Straw is used as filler, sawdust and others natural materials, thanks to which it is possible to maintain an optimal microclimate in the room.

Wall leveling process

Leveling walls with plaster

What is the structure of the wall preparation work?
Before starting work on leveling the walls, it is important to do special preparatory work: dismantle the old coating, evaluate work surface, intended for .

It should not delaminate or crumble. Often, already in the process of working on the old layer, after the freshly applied layer has dried, defects that were not visible before become noticeable. To ensure that the result of the work performed pleases you, observe the following conditions:

• the wall must be properly maintained;
• the construction mixture must be chosen wisely;
• beacons are required.

For brickwork It is best to use one of the types of cement mixtures, the cost of which is very low. The material can be applied in a fairly thick layer, which is especially important when treating masonry walls. But it is important to remember that if the applied layer is thicker than two centimeters, a plaster mesh is certainly used to reinforce the composition.

For treating smooth concrete surfaces Gypsum-based leveling compounds are suitable. They contain microparticles of quartz, which give the surface some roughness. Before this, the wall must be primed. A polymer mesh of five by five millimeters is used for reinforcement.

For foam concrete surfaces They also use gypsum-based mixtures with mandatory preliminary priming.

Installation of beacons

What are called lighthouses in construction?

These are unique guides that help control the leveling of the surface during use. liquid products. In this capacity, a special perforated profile is usually used under the plaster, the width of which is determined by the thickness of the applied composition.

It is very convenient to use purchased factory products that do not have to be cleaned after the event, and, accordingly, mask the resulting unevenness.

Such beacons are placed vertically on strips of quick-hardening mixture intended for plastering. The distance between individual beacons is calculated according to the size of the rule so that it does not slide off them, relying on a pair of neighboring ones.

Plaster application technique

To do this, you will need a tool with a handle, which is called a “falcon”: in appearance it resembles a familiar trowel, but has a much larger base. Using such a “falcon” and a trowel, an excess amount of solution is thrown into the gap between the individual beacons.

The mixture is scooped up from the “falcon” with a trowel, then thrown onto the wall. The use of such a device improves labor productivity, since there is no need to constantly approach the working container for the mixture. And this reduces the time required for the event.

Next, the solution is carefully distributed from bottom to top. To apply a more voluminous and massive layer of plaster, make a rough outline without leveling. When this preliminary layer dries, a finishing mark is carried out, which must be leveled.

Leveling the wall with putty

Before starting work, the surface is primed. The process of puttying with your own hands is not difficult.

But the method is not suitable in all cases: leveling the wall in this way is only possible if the height differences are not very significant.

What will you need for the job?

You will need:

1. narrow and wide spatulas,
2. low cuvette.

The mixture should have a thick enough consistency so that the mixture formed during stirring does not change its shape.

Over time, the composition begins to thicken, so a little primer or water is added to it periodically.

If the mixture has required density, then it does not slip off the spatula and adheres perfectly to vertical surface.

The diluted putty is transferred to a cuvette and covered to prevent it from drying out.

A small amount of the composition is applied to the surface with a spatula, which is then leveled with uniform vertical and horizontal movements.

Holding the spatula at a certain angle, the mixture is distributed to a thickness of 1-2 millimeters: the greater the angle formed by the spatula and the surface, the smaller the thickness of the mixture. It is convenient to fix the spatula blade with the second hand.

When the composition has set slightly, it is washed using a primer. This removes various irregularities and sagging. When the first layer is completely dry, which will take at least a day after washing, it is treated with fine sandpaper, getting rid of roughness.

If you plan to apply a second layer, then the previously puttied surface is primed again.

If you skip this procedure, moisture may be absorbed into the already applied one. After about a day, the surface is sanded again. For convenience, it is wound on a small block or small board.

Drywall

It is not uncommon to encounter walls that are very uneven and have large gouges and gouges. These are almost impossible to fix with plastering.

It is best to use drywall for this purpose.

Getting rid of unevenness with its help can be considered one of the most effective, and at the same time low-budget options.

It can be carried out with or without a frame.

Aligning the walls with the frame

If you prefer frame method, then you first need to make the frame itself - sheets of material will be mounted on it.

In new houses, the walls may be of fairly acceptable quality. But modern design requires that they be perfectly even. It will suit some people, but others need to get a high-quality surface.

How to make walls even and smooth

How and with what to level the walls? The options may be the following:

1. Application of plaster.
2. Paneling.
3. Combined method.

Most of the area of ​​the premises consists of walls that are almost completely open, so all defects are visible on them. The question of how to level the walls in an apartment usually arises when major renovation. Irregularities can be hidden under liquid wallpaper or decorative plaster. Smaller defects are well hidden under wallpaper with a chaotic pattern. This will be a partial solution to the problem, but due to it, the amount of remaining work can be significantly reduced.

How to make walls flat with drywall

If, when deciding how to level the walls, plasterboard is chosen, then here again you need to determine how this should be done. There are two options. This is frameless and framed.

Frameless method

Installation plasterboard sheets(GKL) is produced using special glue. If the unevenness does not exceed 7 mm, the composition is leveled along the wall with a notched trowel. With a curvature of up to 20 mm, the glue is applied in the form of cakes on the sheet with small intervals. It should be diluted in small portions, as hardening occurs in half an hour. The cakes are applied along the entire perimeter of the plasterboard, then two more rows vertically. The sheet is pressed against the wall and leveled using a level and a wooden or rubber hammer. When laying, check the evenness in the corners and at the joints.

Frame method

When deciding what to use to level the walls in an apartment, it is necessary to take into account that frame method“eats up” a fairly large volume of space. It is mostly used in spacious rooms and when it is necessary to hide communications.

To install the sheets, first attach a frame made of profiles or well-dried wooden blocks. First, the ceiling and floor panels are installed and inserted into them. vertical racks at a distance of 40 and 60 cm. The latter are additionally secured with hangers that are nailed to the walls. Then communications are laid inside the frame, after which they begin to fasten the plasterboard with self-tapping screws. All joints between them must pass along profiles. During the installation process, lamps, sockets and switches are inserted into the drywall. All electrical appliances must be removed from the walls under the plasterboard, and the exposed ends of the wires must be protected with insulation.

A primer is applied to the joints between the sheets, after which they are glued with serpyanka, and then putty is applied to it.

mortar

When choosing what to use to level the walls, the first thought that comes to mind is using plaster as the most common method. But first of all, it is necessary to determine the curvature of the walls and calculate the required amount of building mixture. The question of what is the best way to level walls can be solved much easier if you think through all the details and accept correct solution. The thickness of the plaster layer can be significantly reduced by knocking down the main protrusions with a hammer drill. It is quite possible that after this the wall will simply need to be puttied, after which it will be perfectly flat.

If unevenness on the wall cannot be removed, you should purchase the required amount of primer and plaster. The tools you will need are a level and spatulas.

Such work is usually carried out with a complete replacement of electrical wiring. Even in new houses, it may turn out that it does not suit the owners in terms of power and location of lamps, switches and sockets. Working with electricity is no less labor-intensive, since it may require cutting walls for wiring. In addition, all electrical appliances must be removed and the ends of the wires insulated.

First of all, the wall is covered with several layers of primer. The plaster adheres better to it. The primer is applied with a roller or construction is also necessary for hard to reach places, for example in niches and corners.

After the primed surface has dried, the wall can be plastered. For small unevenness, one leveling layer is sufficient. Usually three layers of plaster are applied with a primer for each of them.

Rules for applying plaster

1. The plaster is smoothed over the wall using a wide spatula in a circular motion.
2. The first layer is a rough layer; it is used to eliminate the main depressions and bulges.
3. After applying all the layers, the wall is finally leveled with putty.

Leveling walls with cement-sand mortar

How to level the walls in the house? For many, the answer to this question is not a problem. Wall alignment method cement-sand mortar considered the most common, cheapest and simplest. The skills of preparing and applying plaster are quickly acquired and always remain in demand.

The wall surface is first treated with a primer. Then guide rails, called beacons, are installed on it at a distance of 1 m. They are fixed to cement mortar and allowed to dry. Cement and sand plaster is prepared according to the recipe indicated on the package. Then the mixture is applied using a trowel to the wall, which is pre-moistened. The layer should protrude 2-3 mm beyond the level of the beacons. Afterwards, you should go over them from the bottom up, so that the surface becomes even. In places where there are small depressions, you need to add mortar using a spatula, and then level the wall again using the rule.

After the first layer is applied, it is allowed to set and dry, then the next one is applied. In this way, work continues until the entire wall is leveled. You can continue after 10 days, when the cement is completely dry.

How to line the walls in the bathroom

The bathroom is small room, repairs can be done quite quickly and efficiently. How to line the walls in the bathroom? To do this, use a cement-sand mixture or gypsum, which, after hardening, is not afraid of water. Waterproof drywall is also suitable, but it takes up a lot of space. When deciding how to line the walls with tiles, you need to weigh the pros and cons to make right choice. The mortar is laid according to special plaster beacons, which are not removed afterwards and thereby strengthen the applied layer. The solution is thrown onto the wall with a trowel, and the protruding parts are cut off and the resulting recesses are rubbed with them. Before finishing, the wall is primed. Then you can glue ceramic tiles onto it.

How to line walls with wallpaper

Achieve an ideal wall surface large room difficult. And often you have to think about how to line the walls with wallpaper. The most important thing here final stage. Rough finish also has great importance, since the overall evenness of the surfaces depends on it. Brick walls must be pre-plastered. Old surfaces are thoroughly cleaned and all previous finishing must be removed. As a rule, putty is most often used to level the surface under wallpaper.

The solution is applied in several layers until final leveling is achieved. Each time, the wall surface should be dried and a layer of primer should be applied on top. The last layer of putty is sanded using sandpaper.

How to prepare solutions for leveling walls

Solutions can be ready-made or you have to dilute them yourself. Putty and plaster solutions for leveling are mineral mixtures with special additives. They use cement as a binder, intended for use in wet areas. If an adhesive base is used, the composition is only suitable for dry rooms.

Widely applied gypsum plaster. It is able to regulate the humidity in the room, absorbing or releasing it, and is a good heat insulator.

The question of how to level the walls can be easily resolved if you use decorative plaster. Its different types serve as a finishing coating or a base for it. Textured surface hides imperfections and imperfections well.

There is a wide variety of leveling compounds for plastering with a thin layer smooth surfaces from building materials. They only stick poorly to plastic and wooden bases. Special compositions for buildings are produced.

Conditions for use of all wall coverings:

• the base must be clean and free of old coating;
• surfaces are pre-treated with a primer or lining emulsion.

When solving the problem of how to level the surface of a wall, the question of savings always arises. The cheapest are simple solutions. They are quite effective and can be prepared with your own hands. mixed with sand in a ratio of 1:5 and mixed thoroughly. The mixture must be used on the same day so that it does not lose its properties. Cement is mixed with sand in a ratio of 1:5, and 0.1 part of lime is added to it. Setting occurs within an hour.

A mixture can be lean when it contains little binder. It does not delaminate during use and does not crack when drying, but is not durable. The greasy mixture is distinguished by the fact that it sticks to the instrument. When dry, it shrinks and can form cracks. When preparing, you need to make a medium solution. Then it applies well and forms a durable layer.

How to align corners

Uneven corners emphasize the curvature of the walls, and this most of all spoils the appearance of the room. To bring out the internal corners, beacons are first installed. They should be at a distance of about 30 cm from the corners. First, the plaster is applied between all the beacons, and then leveled using the rule. After the plaster has dried, the corner is filled with putty with a slightly thicker thickness than necessary, at intervals of 20 cm. Then it is pressed into it perforated corner(counter-schultz) using a level, remove excess coating. The next day, the surfaces of the adjacent wall plane are leveled, and then the finishing coating is applied.

On external corners the contra-shultz is pressed into the putty in reverse. All other operations are performed in the same way.

To speed up the process, the profile is installed first, after which after an hour it will be possible to level the angle. If the differences turn out to be too large, then they can be smoothed out with the same material.

Conclusion

When deciding how to level the walls, you should first determine the consumption of materials and funds. It is easier to level the walls with plasterboard if the unevenness is significant.

Correct assessment of surface quality allows you to make the necessary decisions and facilitate the renovation of an apartment or house. Modern building materials can achieve a lot, and some of them even have unique properties.

You can quickly and efficiently level the walls using plasterboard sheets. They are easy to cut, quite durable, and even a little construction skill is enough to get the job done successfully.

Using drywall you can correct wall defects of almost any complexity: close minor irregularities and significant surface differences. And besides this, such a building material as plasterboard makes it possible to create niches and portals in the walls, design doorways in the form of arches, and even erect new partitions.

Depending on the degree of curvature of the walls, a leveling method is also used using frame base or by attaching sheets directly to the wall. Sometimes there are cases when the walls in one room have different degrees of curvature, and then it is more advisable to combine both methods.

• Fastening plasterboard sheets to the frame

Before leveling the walls with plasterboard, it is necessary to carefully remove the previous coating, be it crumbling plaster or numerous layers of old wallpaper. And don’t be fooled by the fact that the surface will eventually close anyway. By cleaning a wall, you not only get rid of accumulated junk, but also win back precious centimeters of living space. Next, it is recommended to treat the surface with an antiseptic that will destroy possible fungal deposits, including the most dangerous - black mold.

Now you can start attaching the base. A galvanized steel profile is most often used as a frame. First of all, using dowels or self-tapping screws, profiles are fixed along the perimeter of the wall - along the ceiling, floor and adjacent walls. Next, vertical jumpers are installed on this frame, which will become the basis for plasterboard sheets. During installation work It is important to frequently check the correct installation of each profile separately using a building level. The profiles are connected to each other with special screws ending in a small drill, which allows them to easily enter the metal sheet and securely connect the structural parts. When the frame is ready, you can start covering it with sheets of drywall. This stage of work is carried out much faster than the previous one and the main thing here is only to complete correct docking sheets so that the edges are securely fastened and form a single plane.

In addition, it is necessary to strictly observe the verticality of the lines in the corners of the room, where even the slightest deviations will be noticeable.

When all the sheets are already screwed, the joints must be puttied with the obligatory use of reinforcing mesh. Next, after the putty has dried, it is recommended to apply a thin layer of plaster to the wall, which will become a solid base for painting, wallpapering or laying tiles.

• Gluing sheets of drywall to walls

If the curvature of the walls is not significant, you can save on the frame and level the walls with plasterboard, fixing them directly to the wall. After high-quality preparatory work, they begin gluing sheets of plasterboard to the wall using a special composition, the application layer of which depends on the differences in the relief of the walls. In the most problem areas drywall is additionally fixed with long dowels or self-tapping screws.

At the same time, do not forget about the construction level - after all, you are trying to achieve a perfectly flat and strictly vertical surface. Further puttying, plastering and priming of finished walls is not canceled in this case either.

Plaster

A cheaper option for repair work is leveling the walls with plaster. In this case, the cost of purchasing materials is reduced, but a little more skill and time will be required.

In addition, a guarantee of tight adhesion of the applied layer of plaster will be responsible preliminary preparation. And this work consists of completely removing the old coating right down to the very base of the walls, that is, to the brickwork or concrete. And even if old plaster If it still seems quite strong and durable to you, it’s better not to take risks, because its possible peeling in the future will negate all your efforts and expenses.

Plastering walls is a rather labor-intensive and technologically complex process, especially if you have little experience in this matter. You need to be prepared for the fact that not everything will go smoothly right away (both literally and figuratively), but some practice and diligence will help achieve the best possible result, because “it’s not the gods who burn the pots.”

The best result of plastering is obtained by leveling the walls along the beacons, which not only help control the uniformity of application plaster mortar, but makes it easier to distribute. T-shaped perforated rolled metal products are used as beacons. They are fixed vertically on the wall at a certain distance, usually not exceeding one and a half to two meters. Only experienced plasterers can afford to save on the number of pendulums, but for beginners, pendulums will become real “helpers”. And we should not forget about the building level, controlling the verticality of the fixed beacons.

Next, you need to apply a primer to the walls and let it dry, thereby improving the adhesion of the materials when applying the solution. Depending on the condition of the wall and the degree of its curvature, the thickness of the applied layer is determined. And if it is more than 2 centimeters, a reinforcing mesh must be used.

• gypsum plaster mixture;
• container for preparing the solution;
• construction mixer for stirring plaster;
• craftsmen and spatulas.

The technology for applying the solution to the wall is simple. A certain amount of mixture collected on a trowel is thrown with sharp movements onto the wall between two adjacent pendulums. After filling the space, using a flat plate called a falcon, moving along pendulums from bottom to top, the solution is evenly distributed. This stage of work requires some effort. The mortar is collected from the board with a trowel and again thrown onto the wall, filling the depressions and recesses.

Thus, all the walls of the room are plastered to the most even surface.

The next step will be grouting and sanding the walls. Typically, such work to eliminate defects begins as soon as the solution dries, and this may take from several hours to a day, depending on the thickness of the applied layer. For mashing, use a special metal mesh or regular sandpaper. The process is of course labor-intensive, but without it you can get smooth smooth walls almost impossible. Next, the walls are primed and are completely ready for applying the finishing material. In the case where there are such flaws in the work as cracks, small grooves or differences in the surface, they can be easily eliminated by puttying.

putty

This method is perhaps the simplest and most inexpensive in deciding how to level the walls with your own hands. Minimum consumption material and a lot of effort will prepare the walls of your room for painting or wallpapering.

There are two types of putty - starting (with more coarse texture) and finishing (plastic and homogeneous). The first is used to seal holes and cracks more than two centimeters deep, and the second is used to create a perfectly flat surface.

Putty work, like all previous ones, begins with preparatory cleaning of the surface and the mandatory application of a primer.

Puttying of irregularities and individual recesses in the wall is done with a small spatula using smooth, pressing movements. After the solution has dried, the applied “patches” are sanded with sandpaper, trying to level the surface as much as possible. If the wall is being prepared for painting, then the next step will be treatment with starting putty. It is more convenient to apply it using a wide building regulations, since the solution will be distributed more evenly and the work will go much faster than when using a spatula.

Another application option finishing putty- this is the creation of decorative, textured plaster. But it should be remembered that such finishing work is carried out only on perfectly aligned walls.

Panels as the fastest way to level walls with your own hands

The building materials market is replete with assortments wall panels, with which you can not only correct the curvature of the walls, but also use them as finishing materials. One has only to get acquainted with the proposed panel options and the question of how to properly align the walls becomes resolved.

So, the variety of types allows you to purchase panels for any interior style: solid wood, MDF, polyvinyl chloride, plastic, chipboard, laminated, veneered, embossed and smooth. As for colors, here too the choice is rich in natural shades natural wood yes “marble”, “brick” or “stone” masonry, as well as with fabric ornaments or leather-like embossing.

The technology for installing panels is similar to the technology for attaching drywall. Is it necessary to install metal carcass or attach the sheets directly to the wall - depends on the degree of differences and curvatures. In many interiors, part of the walls are trimmed with panels, for example, in corridors, halls or living rooms. But in the kitchen, only the wall behind the work surfaces can be covered with panels.

On uneven walls even high-quality wallpaper will look cheap and not very attractive. That is why before gluing them it is necessary to carefully level the surface. In addition, smooth walls simplify the process of pasting: it is easier to adjust the pattern, match the edges of the wallpaper, and there will be no waste of materials. In this article we will look at how and with what to prepare the walls in the apartment before starting work.

Drywall: for quick leveling

Material advantages

If the walls have significant curvature, leveling them with wallpaper plaster will cost a decent amount. And this process will take a lot of time. It is much faster and easier to level them with drywall:

• the work is greatly simplified, because its installation is a less labor-intensive process;
• You can use it to level a wall with your own hands in a matter of hours;
• plasterboard is easy to cut and quickly mounted on walls;
• you can easily lay any communications under it;
• The weight of the sheets is small, so you can level the surface with it yourself, without outside help;
• a minimum of dirt and debris is generated, since the work is carried out without plastering;
• the cost of drywall is low.

Stages of work

There are two ways to install this material:

The frame method of installing gypsum boards is considered classic and is used most often. Let us describe the stages of work:

• the wall must be prepared: cleaned of dirt and dust, and also knocked down too large deposits of old plaster;
• if the curvature of the walls is small, it is better to use a ceiling profile of small thickness; when hiding communications and large curvature of the walls, a rack profile is used;
• at first building level its location is outlined;
• profiles are screwed to the walls and ceiling using dowels in increments of 500 mm;
• unlike the ceiling profile, the rack profile is mounted on special hangers;
• if it is necessary to impart rigidity to the structure, for example, when further gluing tiles, horizontal jumpers must be mounted between the profiles;
• the drywall is screwed to the studs with self-tapping screws in increments of 250 mm; they should come out at a slight angle;
• in order to properly align the walls, you need to move each subsequent sheet of plasterboard so that its angle falls on the center of the previous one, that is, the drywall is placed on the surface in a checkerboard pattern;
• before wallpapering, the joints formed between the sheets are glued with serpyanka (a thin strip of reinforcing mesh) and then puttied; The heads of the self-tapping screws also need to be puttied.

Walls properly leveled with plasterboard turn out perfectly smooth. Hanging wallpaper on this material will not be difficult even for a novice master.

You can watch the video to see how to attach the gypsum board to the profiles and glue yourself:

Using putty

For minor wall defects and minor irregularities You can level the surface yourself using putty. For work on small areas much more convenient to use ready mixture, although you can also buy dry, which is diluted with ordinary water.

What you can choose: examples of brands

We list the most popular putty manufacturers in Russia:

Work order

Unlike ordinary cement mortar, it is comfortable to work with putty. It is very plastic, fits better on the surface, does not harden so quickly, and most compositions can even be diluted with water as it dries.

1. Before starting work, the surface must be prepared: remove old wallpaper and loose plaster, then remove dust; Dust can be removed from the walls and ceiling using a regular vacuum cleaner or the surface can be washed with a damp cloth;
2. the dry mixture is diluted with water according to the technology indicated on the packaging;
3. the area that needs to be leveled is sprayed with water;
4. putty is applied to the required area with a spatula and carefully leveled;
5. small cracks can be filled with tile grout or acrylic-based compound;
6. large cracks are pre-strengthened with self-adhesive tape, and then filled with mortar flush with the wall and leveled with a spatula;
7. after the layer has completely dried, all large irregularities are cleaned off with a spatula and sanded with sandpaper;
8. Having completed the work in this order, you can begin wallpapering the room.

Plaster mixtures

How to level: popular brands

Plaster mixtures can be made not only based on cement, but also gypsum (suitable for rooms with low levels of humidity), acrylic resins (mainly finishing compositions), as well as silicone and potassium glass, which do not absorb moisture. With this rough finish you can level the most various walls: concrete, wood, clay, brick.

Cement-based plaster is suitable for finishing walls in the bathroom and kitchen, gypsum plaster is suitable for the bedroom and living room. Durable silicone compounds can be used in the corridor and loggia.

All types of plasters are divided into:

• starting: for sealing areas up to 50-70 mm thick; if a layer of greater thickness is required, then it is applied in several stages, thoroughly drying each layer;
• finishing: it is used to finally level the walls to give them perfect smoothness.

When you need to level under the wallpaper large area You can choose dry mixes:

• “Knauf”: cement “Grunband”, “Adhesive” or gypsum “Rotband”, “Goldband”; compositions of the “Start” type are intended for machine works, but they can also be used for manual application;
• "Volma": fairly economical and relatively inexpensive mixtures with a lightweight recipe; they can be used for interior, exterior and wet rooms;
• "Bergauf": a wide range and good quality have made the products of this company also quite popular;
• "Prospectors": one of the leaders Russian manufacturers in this area, special fillers significantly reduce the consumption of solutions; all compositions are quite elastic and have good adhesion to the surface;
• "Hercules": this Novosibirsk manufacturer also offers products good quality at reasonable prices.

Plastering under wallpaper

Work begins after removing the old crumbling plaster and cleaning the walls from dust:

To increase the adhesion of smooth concrete surfaces to putty, it is better to pre-coat the plastered surface with a primer.

Beacons are placed on the wall or ceiling - a small amount of plaster; their location is checked with a building level; if necessary, the beacon is either pressed in slightly, or, on the contrary, more solution is added to it. This method allows you to level the walls without profile beacons.

The distance between the beacons must be kept 5-10 cm less than the width of the rule - construction tools in the form of a steel strip, which is used to level the solution.

As beacons for significant unevenness, you can use wooden slats and metal profiles, which are attached to the walls with self-tapping screws. The rest of the putty begins to be laid out after the beacons have completely dried;