Class: 5
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Target: development of the personality of each student through the development of the need for knowledge of nature.
- Educational – expand students’ knowledge about the diversity and importance of plants, introduce students to poisonous plants; teach to recognize signs of poisoning; talk about first aid measures for poisoning.
- Developmental – formation of ICT competence, development of cognitive activity, ability to analyze, compare, highlight the main thing, generalize, make choices, develop monologue speech.
- Educational – formation of a positive self-concept, active life position; fostering a caring attitude towards those around you.
The unique capabilities of the PowerPoint computer program made it possible to use visual and auditory analyzers, to evoke feelings of delight, surprise, admiration, empathy - children see the diversity of those living nearby, their uniqueness, come to the idea of the significance of every living creature on the planet, the need for knowledge about those who near. Taking into account age psychological characteristics children, learning new material is proposed as an have a fascinating trip involving characters from cartoons, fairy tales, using presentations. Fairy-tale characters, photographs of plants, riddles, legends help the teacher to interest, establish contact with children, involve them in work, and relieve tension.
The lesson was developed for the textbook Sukhova T.S., Stroganov V.I. Natural history: 5th grade. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2008. §12. Substances formed by plants.
Lesson plan.
III. Reflection.
IV. Homework.
During the classes
What are the changes that occur in nature called? (Phenomena)
What types of phenomena do you know? (Chemical, physical, biological, social)
How do chemical phenomena differ from physical ones? (Due to chemical phenomena, new substances are formed)
As a result, phytoncides, tannins, and vitamins are formed in plants? (As a result chemical reactions that occur in plants)
Examination homework page 48:
- Why is it recommended to put pieces of cotton wool soaked in onion juice in your nose when you have the flu?
- For what purpose is a paste or infusion of horseradish roots used when treating purulent wounds?
- Why is inhaling phytoncides from crushed garlic cloves useful for flu or sore throat?
II. Learning new material.
Presentation
Slide 1. Task for observers: Look at the recording, find a pattern and try to determine the topic of the lesson. You can work individually or in pairs (time 1-2 minutes)
Discussion (when reading, the letter “v” must be skipped). Lesson topic: Dangerous plants.
Definition goals lesson.
Teacher: Plants, as a result of chemical reactions, create a variety of substances, including poisonous ones, and therefore become dangerous to humans. To get acquainted with these plants, we will go on a journey, and fairy-tale characters will help us with this. Look carefully and write down the names of the plants in your notebook. Pay attention to signs of poisoning and try to remember first aid measures.
Slide 2. Baba Yaga appears: “Hello! Today I will tell you interesting story about Dunno and his friends"
Slide 3. They watched their favorite cartoon “The Adventures of Pig Funtik” and a conversation took place between them. Dunno: “Oh, Mrs. Belladonna.”
Znayka: “I know that there is such a plant in the forest.”
Cog: “Maybe there is something in common between them.”
Shpuntik: “Let’s look into the computer.”
Slide 4. We sat down at the computer and typed “Belladonna... Wow!”
Slide 5. Belladonna or Atropa Belladonna.
What does the name mean? “Beautiful woman” - many centuries ago, belladonna juice was dropped into the eyes for shine, rubbed on the cheeks for rosy.
Slide 6. Belladonna. Its poisonous properties have been known for a long time. It was used to make an ointment that was used during witch trials. When rubbed, the active substances entered the blood, which caused hallucinations, and victims under torture said everything that was required of them. Poisons and love potions were also made from belladonna.
Slide 7. Belladonna. All parts of the plant contain poisons! Its shiny blue-black berries are especially dangerous for children, which should never be eaten, because just a few berries can be a lethal dose for a child.
Slide 8. Signs of poisoning - dry mouth, scratchy sore throat with difficulty swallowing, thirst, vomiting, dizziness and headache. Very characteristic feature– sharply dilated pupils, which enlarge very soon after belladonna poisoning. Then hallucinations appear with bouts of violent insanity, after which death occurs within 3-15 hours
Slide 9. On the slide there is an equals sign between two pictures depicting the belladonna plant and Mrs. Belladonna. Dunno says: “I understand why she was called not Mrs. Rose, but Belladonna, and you?”
Children express their opinions and a discussion takes place.
And the friends decided:
“Let's go to the field,
Let's go to the forest!
There are many more miracles there!
We will know flowers, fruits
So that there is no trouble...
Contacted Yaga:
Grandma-Yozhka, bone leg,
You fly everywhere
You know everything in the world!
Tell me and show me different plants,
Dangerous for children... Please!!!”
Slide 11. Baba Yaga answers:
“To pick a berry,
You need to know plants!
Hit the road quickly -
I'll ask my friends
To go everywhere with you
And what needs to be said...”
Slide 12. Black henbane. Ancient tribes living in Europe named this plant in honor of the sun god Belenus. The terrible power of henbane has long been known. The man who chewed the plant goes on a rampage, he imagines something: he became enraged - he ate too much henbane, and now they are talking about a man who suddenly goes into a frenzy.
Slide 13. Black henbane. Children are attracted to pitchers with seeds, which taste pleasantly reminiscent of poppy seeds; most often they cause poisoning. The first signs of poisoning: dilated pupils, dizziness, redness of the face, excessive agitation, accompanied by delirium and hallucinations, then vomiting, convulsions, and death may occur.
Slide 14. Veh poisonous do not confuse with wild carrots. Hemlock is insidious with its pleasant carrot smell and rhizome, which tastes like rutabaga or radish. 100-200 g of rhizome is enough to kill a cow, and 50-100 g will kill a sheep.
Slide 15. Poisonous plant (hemlock). The most poisonous plant that is found in the Non-Black Earth zone. On the section of the rhizome of the poisonous milestone, there are partitions that form cavities. Signs of poisoning: nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, unsteady gait, foam at the mouth. The pupils are dilated, convulsions can result in paralysis and death.
Slide 16. Crow's eye. Mystery:
Growing up in the forest
Under a bush on a long stem.
There are four leaves around, and in the very depths
Blacker than the night - a berry, but a strong poison in me?
Common names: crow, crow berries, cross-grass, bear berries, rannik.
In the Middle Ages, they believed that “bewitched” people could be “disenchanted” with the help of a raven’s eye. The berries were worn on the body or sewn into clothes to protect against plague and other infectious diseases.
Slide 17. Crow's eye. All parts of the plant, especially the berries, are slightly poisonous.
In case of poisoning, diarrhea, colic, and attacks of dizziness were noted.
Slide 18. Voronets spicata. A poisonous plant. The sap of the plant can cause blisters and even ulcers on the skin, the roots can cause vomiting and severe respiratory distress, and the fruits can cause a state of stunning.
Slide 19. Nightshade is sweet and bitter (red). Carefully! Berries, especially unripe ones, are poisonous and can pose a great danger to children!
Slide 20. Wolf's Bast. Very poisonous. Its lovely red berries pose the greatest danger to children in the forest: 10-15 berries can be a lethal dose.
On the skin, all parts of the plant cause severe irritation.
Eating berries leads to severe irritation of the stomach, intestines and kidneys. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever.
Slide 21. Buckthorn is brittle. Fresh berries are slightly poisonous. They lead, especially in children, to diarrhea with colic.
Slide 22. Riddle: White peas on a green stem? May lily of the valley.
The plant is poisonous. Under no circumstances should you put its flowers and leaves in your mouth, much less berries! This can lead to severe poisoning and even death!
Slide 23. Dunno: “I heard that people get heart medicine from lily of the valley. So this is a medicinal plant. Guys, what do you think?” Discussion of information that the plant can be both poisonous and medicinal. Man has learned to obtain medicine from many poisonous plants.
Slide 24. They are also poisonous.
Slide 25. Spotted hemlock. Hogweed Sosnovsky.
Slide 26. Buttercup is poisonous. Bought medicinal.
Slide 27. Marsh marigold. Marsh rosemary.
Slide 28. First aid for poisoning.
1. Give the victim a large amount (4-5 glasses) of warm salted water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate to rinse the stomach.
Slide 29. First aid for poisoning.
2. Several tablets of activated carbon are crushed, mixed with water and given to the victim to drink. It is advisable to do a cleansing enema.
Slide 30. First aid for poisoning.
If you touch a poisonous plant with your hands or body, wash the affected area several times with soap and water or a solution of potassium permanganate.
Slide 31. First aid for poisoning.
The victim should be immediately taken to a medical facility to provide qualified medical care.
Be healthy!
Everyone should know this!
Slide 32. Baba Yaga asks Dunno and his friends:
“What do you guys say?”
They answer her:
“We visited the forest,
We saw all the beauty!
We learned a lot of new things and are now smarter...
Strange berries
We won't tear it up!
Plants native land
Let's study!”
Slide 33. Reflection..
- Today I found out...
- It was interesting…
- It was difficult…
- It was useful...
- I realized that...
- I purchased...
- I will try…
- I was surprised...
- This activity gave me life...
- I wanted…
IV. Slide 34. Homework.
§12. Page 51. Make a memo for the whole family on the topic “Dangerous Plants.”
Tasks to choose from.
Make up a syncwine “Poisonous Plants”.
Create a presentation “Medicinal Plants” - 5 slides.
Slide 35. Sources of information:
- hppt//www.ki-moscow.narod.ru/Medicinal plants in medicine, pharmacology, homeopathy and folk medicine
- hppt//www.kruqosvet. ru
- hppt//www. obzorfins.ru
- hppt//www.rosfoto.ru
- hppt//www.vmiretrav.ru. Poisonous plants
- hppt//www.wikipedia.ru
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Goal: to introduce children to dangerous summer plants and warn them about the consequences of contact with these plants. Objectives: collect information about poisonous plants; using various sources, determine the degree of danger of plants and first aid measures.
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Poisonous plants are plants that produce and accumulate poisons during their life processes that cause poisoning in animals and humans. More than 10 thousand species of such plants are known in the world flora. Many plant poisons in small doses are valuable medicinal agents. Poisonous plants – even if it’s better to know the unwitting “offenders” by sight. Let's look at the most common and most dangerous poisonous plants that grow on our summer cottages, near roads and in the forest, along the banks of reservoirs.
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nightshade sweet-bitter hogweed common vekh poisonous castor bean wrestler, aka aconite datura raven's eye henbane black Attention! You need to know them by sight
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Furanocoumarins in the plant juice “attract” ultraviolet light. Children cut stems to make pipes, touch the milky sap and get severe burns. A drop of juice on the skin leads to a sunburn on the skin of the second degree (blisters), a respiratory allergen. Rinse skin generously with water. Common hogweed (Heracleym sphondylium) Perennial with a powerful hollow, ribbed stem, growing up to 150 cm. The stem is covered with hard hairs, the branches are in its upper part, the leaves are large. It has a pleasant spicy, slightly perceptible smell. Blooms in June-July. White flowers are collected in a large umbrella. The fruits of hogweed (double-grass) appear in August. It grows in fields, wastelands, and along the banks of reservoirs.
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Nightshade sweet - bitter perennial shrub up to 180 cm in height. The berries are red, elongated, children often confuse them with barberry. A large number of toxic compounds. Psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, delirium, tachycardia, headache, dizziness, dilated pupils, dry mouth. Urgently call an ambulance, rinse the stomach first, and give any enterosorbent. (Solanum dulcamara)
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Vekh poisonous, also known as hemlock (Cicuta virosa) Grows along the banks of stagnant bodies of water, in damp places, sometimes in the water itself. Blooms in July–August. The flowers are small, white, collected in a complex umbrella. The leaves are pinnate, doubly or triply dissected, the stems are branched and hollow. The fruits are round, the rhizome is thick, divided by transverse partitions into separate chambers filled with yellow juice - deadly in small doses. Toxic substances are contained in all parts, especially in the rhizome and young shoots. Neurotoxin. Abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, pale skin, convulsions. Urgently call an ambulance, rinse the stomach first, and give any enterosobent.
Slide 9
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The seeds contain a dangerous alkaloid – ricin. Signs of poisoning appear after 15 hours, sometimes after 3 days. Retinal hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cramps. Take him to a medical facility immediately. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) Plant up to 2-3 meters high. The stems are straight, the leaves are palmate, the flowers are undecorative. Grown in gardens and flower beds. The seeds are poisonous. The alkaloid ricin has been called "one of the most potent toxins known." This substance, obtained from castor beans (the fruit of the castor plant), is many times more toxic potassium cyanide, sarin gas and cobra venom. The cells of the lungs, liver, and kidneys are affected.
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Even the dried plant contains poison - aconitine. Skin itching, breathing quickens, then slows down, body temperature decreases, pain in the heart, convulsions, paralysis of the respiratory muscles, death. Take him to a medical facility immediately. If there is no breathing, carry out artificial ventilation"mouth-to-mouth". Wrestler, also known as aconite (Aconitum) Perennial herbaceous plant with an erect stem, deeply palmate leaves, blue or purple flowers. It grows in damp places along river banks and roadsides, in humus-rich soils, and in mountain meadows. The entire plant is poisonous.
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The stem of the plant is 15-40 cm tall. Blooms in May - July; bears fruit in July - August. Grows in forests, among bushes, in shady places. All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the rhizome and berries. The rhizome causes vomiting, and the berries affect the heart. weed With unpleasant smell, stem height 30-100 cm. Blooms in June - August; the seeds ripen in July - September. It is found near housing, near roads, in fields, and vegetable gardens. All parts of the plant are poisonous (especially the seeds!). Poisoning causes dry mouth, skin rash, thirst, nausea and vomiting, cardiovascular disorders, mental disorder, convulsions. Symptoms of poisoning develop within a period of time from 10 minutes to 15 hours. Crow's eye Henbane
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Conclusion: Children are most often poisoned by poisonous plants. This also happens because they do not know which plants are poisonous. Poisonous plants should not be taken into the mouth, some even into the hands, and one should not touch the eyes. Some poisons are found in plant sap, which can dissolve the fat covering the surface of the skin; Absorbed into the skin and entering the blood, such juice causes poisoning. Be attentive to the nature around you! We wish you good health!
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Sources of information: http://remeslennic.ru/2012/10/ ru.wikipedia.org›wiki/Fighter vitusltd.ru›cvet_kleshevina.html prime-flowers.ru›yadovitye-rasteniya.html 2mm.ru›Child health›Dangerous neighbours
Presentation on the topic “Plants are beautiful but dangerous”
Prepared the presentation
3rd grade student
Kiorsak Fedor
Common plants can be poisonous. Most people are unaware that a beautiful, innocent-looking plant in their garden, home, window box or field can be dangerous. At the very least, it can cause serious illness in children if they swallow or chew it. Children often become victims of poisoning from poisonous plants. Pets also suffer from eating them.
Dieffenbachia
While exploring your own home, you may discover several poisonous plants, including Dieffenbachia. Its stem contains needle-shaped crystals, which, if entering the mouth, can damage the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue and cause swelling that blocks breathing.
Rhubarb
Garden plants bring a lot of problems to young children. The most dangerous is rhubarb. Its stem, used as food, is not toxic, but its leaf contains oxalic acid, which collects in the buds and can cause serious problems if enough is eaten.
Hydrangea
Hydrangea is one of the most common garden plants. An adult specimen sometimes reaches five meters in height. Hydrangea blooms with greenish-white, pink or blue flowers reminiscent of cotton candy, which you just want to taste. However, these flowers are not at all as innocent as they seem at first glance. Prolonged contact with them causes stomach pain, itching, nausea, and weakness. 
Colchicum
Colchicum- Very beautiful plant. Usually grows on forest edges. In autumn, when its flowers appear in a continuous pink carpet, the clearings produce a fabulous impression. Colchicum contains an alkaloid. In spring, the plant is sometimes eaten by cows. Its poison is excreted in milk, which can cause poisoning in people, especially children. 
Common buttercup
Beware of wildflowers such as buttercup (its leaves are poisonous to cattle), its poison is extremely dangerous for most people, causing skin rashes (leaves, stems and even smoke from burning),
Tansy
It grows near roads, near dwellings, in gardens, in sparse forests. The flowers are yellow, collected in small baskets resembling buttons or rowan berries. The leaves are arranged so that their ribs are directed from north to south. Tansy received the name “Wild Rowan” for the similarity of its leaves and flowers with the leaves and berries of rowan. Extracted from tansy essential oil. The roots of the plants give a green color. The plant is poisonous! 
Lily of the valley
Lily of the valley. This delicate plant, which delights our eyes in May, is poisonous from the roots to the tips of its fragile white bell flowers. Over time, even the water in which the bouquet stood becomes poisonous. If you eat a lily of the valley, many will appear dangerous symptoms: cramps, uneven heartbeat, indigestion, pain in the mouth and stomach, nausea. Even prolonged inhalation of the aroma of this plant causes poisoning.
Chrysanthemum
Almost all Japanese poets praise the chrysanthemum. In England these are yellow and orange flowers given in small pots for Thanksgiving and Halloween. Chrysanthemums grow slowly, but over time they can grow into huge bushes that are avoided by both wild and domestic animals. And do you know why? Chrysanthemum is very toxic to animals. Chrysanthemum poison does not have such a strong effect on humans, but the pollen can cause itching, redness and swelling of the skin. 
Ficus
Ficus is sometimes called the weeping fig tree. There are more than 800 species of ficus. Most of them grow at home in pots, but in warm latitudes, ficuses are simply grown in the yard. The size of an adult plant, depending on the variety, ranges from 1 to 23 meters. Regardless of the variety, any Ficus is toxic. He calls allergic reactions skin, swelling and itching.
Narcissus
These light white and bright yellow harbingers of spring are partly poisonous - the plant poison is concentrated in the bulbs. Sometimes people (usually children) confuse them with onions. Eating narcissus bulbs causes cramps, nausea and digestive tract disorders. In case of severe poisoning, a drip and bed rest may be required.
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Dieffenbachia
Slide 3
Dieffenbachia - beautiful indoor plant with large spotted leaves. Its height can exceed two meters. The juice contained in all parts of Dieffenbachia is poisonous. When it gets on the skin or mucous membrane of a person, it causes severe burns.
Slide 4
Adenium obese
Slide 5
Adenium obese, or desert rose, is a “bottle” plant with a thick stem at the base. This plant is poisonous. Its juice can penetrate through skin or mucous membranes into the blood and cause intoxication. Some African tribes use adenium poison in hunting, impregnating arrow tips with it. It is also used to create medicines against arrhythmia.
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Ficus
Slide 7
Ficus - popular ornamental plants. Dangerous substances are contained in the stems and leaves of this plant. Ficus sap can cause irritation, redness of the skin, in some cases blisters may appear, and allergic reactions are possible.
Slide 8
Spurge
Slide 9
Euphorbia - the milky sap of this plant protruding from damaged parts is quite dangerous. It causes severe burning, redness of the skin, and possible blistering. Once in the eyes, milkweed juice provokes serious inflammation of the conjunctiva and temporary blindness. Poison that entered the body through oral cavity, causes vomiting, severe diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In case of severe poisoning, dizziness, convulsions, delirium, and circulatory disorders are possible.
Slide 10
Hydrangea
Slide 11
Hydrangea is a beautiful indoor plant that requires special care. All parts of this plant contain poison. Touching hydrangea is completely safe; danger arises when parts of hydrangea or its juice penetrate into the human body, for example, when swallowed. In this case, sweating increases, blood circulation becomes difficult, the victim feels stomach pain, itching, nausea, and muscle weakness.
Slide 12
Gloriosa luxurious
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Gloriosa luxurious is dangerous plant only if its poison, contained in all its parts, enters the human body in large quantities. Gloriosa poison causes severe nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, in severe cases, hair loss, blood clotting disorders, and there is also a high likelihood of kidney damage.
Slide 14
Brovallia is beautiful
Slide 15
Brovallia beautiful is called so for a reason, but its graceful stems, interesting leaves, beautiful modest flowers and other parts contain dangerous substance. Brovallia juice, if it gets on unprotected human skin, causes intoxication.
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Clivia
Slide 17
Clivia is beautiful when it blooms. Its bright luxurious buds open almost simultaneously, creating a bright “bouquet”. But if you handle the leaves or rhizomes carelessly, this beautiful plant can cause harm. Clivia poison causes vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation, and sometimes paralysis.
