Among the diversity wood stoves special attention deserves such a thermal device as a homemade rocket stove. She's different original design, which does not require expensive materials and components in production. Any person who has at least the slightest understanding of drawings and knows how to work with his hands can make such a stove. Our article should come to the aid of such home craftsmen, where we will talk about the design and operating principle of the rocket stove. Recommendations for its manufacture from various materials will also be given here.

Operating principle of a rocket furnace

Although the design of a rocket stove is quite simple, it successfully uses two operating principles borrowed from other types of solid fuel heating devices:

• the principle of afterburning wood gases released during combustion (pyrolysis);
• the principle of free flow of gases through the channels (without encouragement from the natural draft of the chimney).

Note. In the simplest rocket stoves for cooking, including portable ones, only the second principle operates, since favorable conditions are not created in them for the pyrolysis process to occur.

First, we will analyze the design of direct combustion rocket stoves, intended only for cooking food. Here the firebox is a short horizontal section of pipe, which then turns upward. The design is simple to the point of disgrace, as shown in the figure:

The fuel is placed in the pipe and ignited, resulting in an upward flow of hot gases, tending to rise along the vertical section and exit outside. Here, at the cut of the pipe, a container for food or water is installed. Of course, there is a gap between the pan and the pipe for combustion products to escape. This is achieved through various metal stands.

For reference. The above rocket stove device is one of the first. It is because of the upward-turned nozzle with a flame escaping from it that the device received the name rocket.

Since it is impossible to heat the premises with such a unit, the design of the heating rocket stove was supplemented with a heat exchange device and channels for exhaust flue gases. To maintain a high temperature in the vertical section of the pipe, it is insulated with any fire-resistant material. Further, for intensive heat extraction, the nozzle is covered from above with a cap, for example, an ordinary metal barrel. At the bottom of the horizontal fire pipe there is a separate channel for supplying secondary air.

Now the principle of operation of a rocket furnace looks somewhat different. Firstly, at the end of the horizontal fire channel, afterburning of pyrolysis gases occurs due to the supply of secondary air. Secondly, combustion products that have a high temperature accumulate under the top of the bell (barrel), creating some excess pressure. As heat is transferred outward through the metal walls, these gases cool and flow downward.

Since the cooling gases are supported from below by a new hot flow, they cannot descend in the same way, but pass through the space between the walls of the pipe and the barrel, safely exiting into the chimney channel. The flow of processes is well reflected in the diagram of a rocket furnace:

So, thanks to pyrolysis, the efficiency of wood combustion increases, and the use of free flow of gases creates a self-regulating system that limits the flow fresh air into the firebox. The air mixture is supplied as the combustion products cool under the hood, making room for its new portion. Excessive pressure of hot gases “pushes” the cooled part out, so the operation of the stove depends little on the presence of draft in the chimney.

Efficient heat extraction

The gases entering the chimney duct are still at a high temperature. It is not advisable to simply throw them outside; everyone will understand that the efficiency of such an installation will be too low. Taking advantage of the fact that the rocket stove literally pushes combustion products out, craftsmen have come up with 2 ways to extract heat:

• passing gases through channels arranged under the stove bench;
• installing a water circuit on the stove.

A rocket stove with a water circuit is made without a hood; the force of the upward flow of combustion products is used in a multi-pass heat exchanger made of metal. It is not recommended to introduce a coil of water into the gas flow; it will not last long due to the too high temperature. It would be more correct to make a water jacket with metal fins inside the flue, as shown in the diagram:

Another way is to lay horizontal chimney ducts out of brick directly along the floor surface and arrange a luxurious heated adobe bench on top, connecting a stove to it missile type. It is important to select the correct length of channels so that overpressure enough to overcome them, otherwise you will still have to take care of organizing natural traction.

Advantages and disadvantages

Homemade rocket stoves long burning have many admirers, and for these reasons:

• simplicity and low cost of installation: to build such a thermal device, you do not need to incur large expenses for the purchase of expensive materials, fixtures and fittings. Minimal experience in the furnace business is also required;
• self-regulation and undemandingness to the natural draft of the chimney;
• The efficiency of the rocket furnace is a variable value and largely depends on the design, the main thing is to select as much as possible thermal energy at flue gases;
• fuel can be added on the fly.

Despite the attractiveness and simplicity of the unit, heating with a rocket stove has its own negative points. It is a mistake to think that you can shove firewood of any quality into the firebox. Wet wood will not provide the required temperature in the chamber, and the pyrolysis process will not proceed. In the worst case scenario, smoke from the furnace can pour into the room. Also, the “rocket” requires constant supervision, especially in terms of fire safety.

Self-made rocket stoves are unsuitable for a bathhouse, since they give off relatively little heat in the infrared range, which is very important for a steam room. The surfaces of the stove that emit heat have too small an area and it will not be possible to heat the bathhouse properly.

For reference. A factory-made metal Robinson rocket stove is often used as a portable heat source. The craftsmen were not at a loss here either and quickly modernized this product, making the same thing, only with a grate.

Stove from a cylinder

This is one of the most simple options, to implement it you can use the drawing below. A propane cylinder with a diameter of 300 mm will serve as an excellent cap, and the role of the firebox and loading hopper will play a role steel pipe size 150 mm. The internal vertical channel is made of a pipe with a diameter of 70 mm, and the chimney is 100 mm.

The structure is completely welded, the pipes are cut to the required length, and the cylinder is cut off top part. Then the parts are welded according to the drawings, only the opening between vertical pipes diameters of 70 and 150 mm are filled with bulk heat-insulating material. This role can be perlite or vermiculite, or, in extreme cases, ordinary sand.

If there is an opportunity and desire to make a more powerful rocket stove, then a standard 200 liter barrel is used as a hood, then the dimensions of all parts also increase. Working inner tube is accepted with a diameter of 129 mm (or profile 120 x 120 mm), and the outer one is 450 mm in size. It is difficult to find a pipe of this diameter, so usually they find another barrel of smaller capacity and cut off the bottom of it.

The entire assembled rocket stove made from a gas cylinder is not very heavy, so there is no need to build a massive foundation for it. When the unit is placed on the floor, the legs are welded to it, and if a bench is subsequently planned, the structure will have to be coated with a refractory compound, and then the external lining will be done. Then basalt cardboard and a sheet of roofing iron are laid on the floor below.

Brick oven

In terms of its design, a brick rocket stove is not much different from a metal one, but requires a lot of labor. The difference is that all the fire channels of the unit are made of fireclay bricks, and the cap is made from the same barrel.

It is recommended to lower the entire structure, except for the protruding cap, below floor level, for which a shallow hole is dug. Its bottom is compacted, and then a small concrete foundation 100 mm thick. After it hardens, they begin laying, using a solution of refractory clay. After finishing the laying and hardening of the solution, the pit is filled in, and put on top of the fire channel iron barrel without a bottom, the cavity between it and the brick is filled with insulation.

The end of the structure is coated with the same solution, and then the largest barrel - a cap - is put on top. A chimney pipe is welded to its lower part; drawings of a rocket stove are used to clarify all dimensions.

Conclusion

With all its advantages, a home-made rocket stove cannot serve as a full-fledged heat source for heating an entire house. It makes sense to start such construction when it is necessary to organize the heating of a small dacha or other similar building, especially since the “rocket” is not afraid of periodic work.

This device, despite our brave space achievements, is still unknown to few people in our country. And for sure, only a few are interested in how to make a rocket stove with their own hands, because they do not understand the principle of its operation.

This is a relatively new word in the domestic heating environment, coming from Germany. The key to unprecedented popularity in the homeland is a simple, cheap design coupled with high efficiency and the slightest absence of signs of soot. Considering that making your own equipment is not at all difficult, we will tell you how to do it, provide drawings, recommendations from specialists, videos and photos.

Principle of operation

Oddly enough, the name “rocket stove” itself has nothing to do with space or rockets themselves. The only analogy that can remotely remind us of this is a jet of flame rising upward in mobile installations.

The design feature of the furnace is the presence of a hood into which flue gases enter and where the final combustion of the sludge occurs. Under the hood, the temperature rises to 1000 0 C within the first 2 hours, as a result of which everything burns without sediment, and the exhaust is formed only in the form of steam and carbon. In this case, gases circulate freely through the channels without forced draft, which is usually created by a chimney pipe.

This design allows the stove to be used not only for heating the room, but also for heating food or water (on the hood). If the chimney is put through specific area rooms, right down to the sun lounger, it will also heat up.

Among the main advantages of rocket stoves are the following:

• high efficiency - 85%;
• very fast heating of the room - 50 sq.m. in 45-60 minutes;
• absence of soot and, as a result, soot deposits - at temperatures above 1000 degrees, everything burns without a trace;
• the ability to use any solid fuel;
• minimum consumption- at the same temperature and burning duration, a rocket stove consumes 4-5 times less fuel than a conventional stove.

The simplest rocket works according to the direct combustion formula - these are mobile structures that can be easily assembled in field conditions literally from scrap materials and can also be easily dismantled.

The simplest design from a barrel or gas cylinder

If we're talking about only about the first stages self-made rocket stove (see video), then it’s still worth starting your acquaintance with the simplest design. A camp stove is presented in the form of a bent section of pipe, where the fuel chamber and ash pan are combined.

For fuel, a steel plate is welded to the bottom, at the bottom of which a hole is cut for air intake.

You can use any straight cylindrical container for manufacturing - the drawing of a rocket furnace shows how the direct combustion process occurs.

Video 1 Simple design of a portable cooking rocket stove

Brick rocket stove in 20 minutes

If you have 20-30 bricks on hand, you can make a simple rocket stove with your own hands in just a few minutes. Moreover, no adhesives are needed for masonry.

Lay out a vertical combustion chamber from brick, as shown in the photo. In this case, the dishes are placed on the hood in such a way as not to interfere with the movement of released gases

Do-it-yourself rocket-type brick oven:

For such a design to work well, it is necessary warm pipe. This term among stove makers means a preliminary run of wood chips and paper so that the pipe warms up. IN cold pipe There will be gas stagnation, which will make heating difficult. And if the pipe is warm, then when the wood is ignited, a powerful draft appears in the channel.

For reference. The above simplest designs made from a gas cylinder or pipe have a significant drawback - vertical loading firewood Each time you have to move the wood into the chamber when it burns out and only then add it. Stationary coal-fired or long-burning rocket stoves already have a vertical stack, which simplifies operation many times over.

Long-burning rocket stove

Photo 6 Design of a stationary rocket furnace

DIY rocket jet stove diagram

In order to make such a unit with your own hands, you need to decide on the dimensions and structural elements.

How the rocket works:

As can be seen from the drawing, the diameter of the cap (D), which covers the top of the pipe, and its cross section (S) are taken as the basis.

Based on these indicators, the dimensions of the rocket furnace are calculated:

• the height of the drum is 2 of its diameter;
• the height of the clay coating is 2/3 of the height;
• coating thickness - 1/3 of the diameter;
• cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe - 7% of its cross-section;
• blower area - 1/2 of the pipe section;
• the flame tube horizontally and vertically must be the same;
• ash pan volume - 4-6% of the drum height;
• The cross-sectional area of ​​the external chimney is the double cross-section of the pipe.
• the thickness of the insulating layer (adobe cushion) under the external chimney is 60 mm;
• the thickness of the coating of the stove bench is 1/4 of the diameter of the drum;
• external pipe height - 4000 mm;
• The length of the flue directly depends on the diameter of the drum. If for its manufacture we took a metal container with a diameter of 50-60 cm and a volume of 200 liters, then the length of the flue pipe will be at least 6 meters. If the diameter is half as large, then the bed should be made up to 4 meters.

If you are making a stationary rocket stove with your own hands, be sure to pay attention to the lining of the top of the pipe. This is necessary to isolate the roaster from the walls of the oven to prevent overheating of the walls. Fireclay bricks can be used for lining.

Photos of examples of original performance

It is noteworthy that not only the walls need protection, but also the lining itself. In order to protect it from flammable gases, you can create metal cladding and cover it with river sand. For this purpose, you can use any available metal object - a barrel, a bucket, galvanized steel.

Sand is poured into the bucket layer by layer, with each layer being generously watered for proper compaction. When you have filled the protection to the top with sand, leave it to dry for 7-10 days.

The lining of the brazier is done much faster - fireclay bricks are laid on the clay mortar, and the space between the latter and the wall will also have to be filled with sand in layers - with water and time for drying.

Pipe lining diagram

All further work on the installation of a jet-type rocket furnace continues only after not only the lining, but also the clay protection, which is applied over the top cut, has dried.

Before you do stationary structure, practice on a traveling sample. After the first experience it will become clear even if you have not read the books on rocket stoves.

Disadvantages of the heating device

1. This device is often used to heat food or water - indeed, a huge amount of heat, a hot cap, why not use this idea? However, connecting a water circuit in order to heat the entire house and not a room is impossible. The design is so simple that any intervention, including a coil, will disrupt the progress of work.
2. Surprisingly, such a lightweight mobile heating device is completely unsuitable for either a bathhouse or a garage. Even with its high efficiency, a camping unit will not heat the air in the steam room to the required minimum. And in a garage or warehouse it is not recommended to use devices with direct open fire.

In this article we will give an example of a camp installation, which does not require any masonry or finishing materials.

Necessary materials:

• 2 buckets;
• pipe from of stainless steel;
• river sand or crushed stone for lining.

Step 1. Cut a hole in the side of one of the buckets along the diameter of the pipe at a height of 5 cm from the bottom. The height should be enough to pour crushed stone or sand into the bucket.

Step 2. Divide the pipe into 2 parts - a short loading section and a pancake elbow-chimney.

Step 2. Insert the pipe into the hole in the bucket.

Step 4. By analogy with step 1, cut a hole in the bucket, but directly in the bottom. The diameter of the hole corresponds to the diameter of the pipe. Insert the pipe.

Step 5. Pour sand or gravel into a bucket, which will act as a heat accumulator for the fire tube.

Step 6. Making legs or stand. For this purpose, ordinary reinforcement is suitable, which is bent under pressure and the base is cut out.

Rocket stove from a gas cylinder

This is a complicated, improved version, for the manufacture of which you will need an already used gas cylinder and a 4 mm rectangular pipe.

The scheme remains exactly the same with the only exception that flammable gases are discharged from the side through the hole, and not from above, as happens with field samples.

If there is a need to cook food or heat it, the upper part of the cylinder with the tap is cut off, and a flat plate is welded on top.

Video 2 Making a rocket oven with your own hands

Always the simplest and convenient solutions are very popular. Especially when it comes to heating structures. So, a rocket stove is ideal for use in a private home, since craftsmen will be able to design it themselves without emptying their wallets too much. Moreover, the rocket stove principle makes it possible to adapt to any home design. The same principle was used in Korea and China to heat their homes in winter. The advantage is that this type of heating uses significantly less wood than a traditional Russian stove.

The operation of this furnace is based on two basic principles:

1. Direct combustion - free flow of fuel gases through the furnace channels without stimulation by the draft created by the chimney.
2. Afterburning of flue gases released during wood combustion (pyrolysis)

A rocket stove can be fueled with recycled materials, tree trimmings, and almost anything that is potentially flammable, since the output from the stove due to high temperatures combustion in the furnace itself releases almost only carbon dioxide and water vapor. The long chimney ensures complete cooling, as a result of which water may be released. At correct design In this stove, the fuel should burn only in the lower part, gradually settling.

The simultaneous use of a rocket stove for cooking and heating a room makes it universal.

The rocket stove is one of the types cooking ovens running on wood fuel. Stationary stove models are also used for heating.

She got her name from the hum that is heard at the beginning of the heating. When the combustion mode is correct, it subsides. The shape of the structure also resembles a rocket - vertical cylinder. The furnace is also called a reaction furnace.

A similar principle was used in Korea and China for heating houses in winter. Travelers in earlier times noted that significantly less firewood was wasted than in a traditional Russian village.

Jet furnaces, product drawings

Rocket stoves are divided into portable and stationary. The first devices are smaller and have more simple design. She reminds inverted letter "G". Fuel is placed in the lower crossbar. Thanks to the vertical shape of the main part, there is natural craving.

Photo 1. Drawing and ready-made option metal rocket stove with dimensions, left and top view.

As the temperature rises, the device works more and more efficiently. Its power is enough to quickly heat water for cooking. for several people. To prevent the wood from burning out too quickly, you need to regulate the draft in the stove. To do this, close or close the fuel door completely.

Portable jet stoves mass-produced. Most popular models "Robinson" and "Ognivo". Due to the simplicity of the design, you can make them yourself.

Stationary devices are somewhat more complicated. The air ducts in the hood are made in such a way that the heated air first rises. Transferring heat to the inner walls, it gradually falls down. Then it passes into the chimney located at the bottom.

Photo 2. Drawing of a rocket stove made of brick and a metal barrel. Arrows indicate parts of the device.

This stove is quite economical to use, since it burns not only wood, but also pyrolysis gases. The chimney duct of the stove is sometimes not taken out of the room immediately, but is carried out inside a stove bench made of brick and/or clay. This bench heats the room up to comfortable temperature. The structure itself is made from pipes large diameter, barrels or bricks.

Important! The device needs in preheating before combustion. First, paper, newspaper or something else that ignites quickly is ignited. And only the firewood is placed in the warmed-up firebox.

Long-burning rocket stove made of brick

Since brick accumulates heat, such devices are well suited for heating rooms. Taking into account the duration of combustion, one fill of fuel is enough for 6-8 hours maintaining a comfortable temperature.

Sometimes the oven is made entirely of brick. The only fittings (doors) you will need are steel or cast iron. In other cases outer part the stove hood is made from a barrel or wide pipe.

Attention! Brick oven requires separate foundation , not related to the one being built for the building itself. It is advisable to plan its location before construction begins.

A device made of a pipe with a water circuit, diagram

The furnace structure is welded from iron pipes different diameters .

If you intend to heat a small room, the furnace hood can be made from waste gas cylinder.

In a larger house, it would be suitable for these purposes. iron barrel.

If you install a water circuit on the stove chimney, you can get a long-burning boiler that will heat the room well.

The water circuit is usually made from gas cylinders.

"Robinson"

This is a simple and reliable camp stove. She's quite capable quickly (in 10 minutes) boil a liter water. In this case, there is no need to add firewood.

The design was developed back in the last century, but due to its advantages it is still used today. "Robinson" is mass-produced, but It is not difficult to assemble it yourself.

You might also be interested in:

"Flint"

This oven is similar to the previous version. But the combustion chamber in it shorter and at a more obtuse angle in relation to the chimney. This stove is shaped like an inverted letter “G”.

How to make a rocket stove with your own hands

He has several stages- choice suitable design; selection of materials and tools; direct production.

Project selection

When choosing a suitable project, consider the following factors:

1. The purpose of the stove is whether it requires only cooking food or also heating the room.
2. Available materials.
3. Approximate power. It depends on how many servings of food or how much room the device will be enough for.

Materials

For a brick structure you will need:

• fireclay (fireproof) brick;
• fireproof mixture for masonry;
• concrete mortar (for the base);
• mineral wool;
• asbestos;
• a whole barrel or an empty gas cylinder for the cap (optional);
• stove doors - combustion chamber and ash pan;
• if the cap is brick - a thick sheet of stainless steel according to the size of its cross-section.

For finishing the stove the following are used:

• fireproof paint;
• clay;
• stones;
• and so on.

For metal, take:

1. Round metal pipe with diameter about 150 mm and length no more than 90 mm(better about 60 mm).
2. Profiled (rectangular) pipe with a cross-section of 100—120 mm and length about a third round.
3. Instead of a pipe rectangular section, you can take a sheet of steel thick 3 mm.
4. 3 nuts.
5. Steel rods, plates or long bolts for legs.

Reference. For better traction, take a profiled pipe with the side no more than the diameter of a round one.

Preparing tools

For production you will need:

• Master OK;
• level;
• welding machine;
• bayonet shovel;
• metal brush;
• level;
• Bulgarian.

Manufacturing, device sizes

There are many variations on this theme. Let's consider making two in principle different types jet stove. This is a brick stove with a stove bench, which is used indoors, and a camp stove, assembled from metal. If necessary, changes are made, combinations of methods are possible (for example, a heating and cooking device, but made of pipes covered with clay or stones).

How to make a brick oven with a stove bench

First stage- foundation installation. A rectangular recess is dug under it, which is then filled with concrete.

For strength, it is better to pre-install the reinforcement. The base must be strictly horizontal.

After hardening concrete mortar Brick laying begins. External walls are located along the perimeter of the concrete platform. A combustion chamber is formed. On one side of it there is a combustion chamber with a hole for loading firewood. On the other side there are air ducts.

Important! Each row of bricks is also checked with a level. This is done in both planes - horizontal and vertical.

In the combustion chamber also leave a hole for cleaning ash which is closed by a door. When this camera is ready, they put it on metal barrel. The gaps are filled with insulation, for example, mineral wool.

If the barrel is not used, it is installed on top cooking stove. Asbestos insulation is placed under it.

The chimney is connected to the air duct and discharged to the street.

Then finished the device is decorated. For example, it is coated with clay and covered with paint. Another option is to leave brickwork.

Jet stove for camping

It consists of two compartments, connected to each other. To assemble it, first cut the pipes at an angle 45°. If you took a metal sheet instead of the second pipe, cut it into the following parts:

• two with sides 300 mm and 150 mm;
• two - 300 mm and 100 mm;
• and one 150 and 100 mm.

Photo 3. Ready-made jet stove for hiking. The device is made of metal pipes.

Then weld them together. You will also need another plate to separate the fuel compartment, its dimensions are 200 mm and 100 mm.

All fragments are welded together in accordance with the diagram. Round pipe fastened at the bottom of the rectangular part and in the middle relative to the sides.

Welded from scraps of reinforcement grate. It is convenient to make it retractable in order to lay firewood and then slide it inside the firebox.

The pipe is sawed off 4 rings. They are attached to the top so that the dishes do not block the draft hole.

In a collapsible version legs are installed. Nuts are welded from below, into which long bolts are then screwed. There is another way. Rods or cuttings steel sheet welded to the bottom. It is less convenient to transport, but there is no need for assembly.

When the design is ready, it needs to be painted. Only fireproof paint is used. This will protect against corrosion and also cover solder marks.

Possible difficulties

When laying bricks, it is not easy to accurately calculate the size of the holes for the firebox and ash doors. That's why you can lay out a row with a door without mortar, “dry”, and figure out how best to position it. And then lay out the bricks, fastening them with mortar.

When making a stove from pipes, it is difficult to calculate the location of their connection. Therefore, first, a round fragment is sawed off and placed on the rectangular one in the right place. Around draw a line with a marker, along which the cut is made. If the fuel part is assembled from separate plates, It will be more convenient to cut the hole before welding them between themselves.

Useful video

Watch a video that demonstrates the process of lighting a camping rocket stove and describes the characteristics of the device.

Pros of using a rocket stove

Jet furnaces Quite economical to use. But for super-efficient operation it is important that the fuel is dry, otherwise secondary combustion of gases will not occur.

​

Rocket stove not suitable for installation in a bathhouse. The fact is that for the desired effect it is necessary that the walls of the room first heat up. And in the mode created by this furnace, it is the air that is heated.

As a heating device in a permanent home, such a device is not always convenient.

Among autonomous heating systems In private homes, the rocket stove (also called a jet stove) stands out especially well. The device can be invented independently from scrap materials, so in terms of cost, such a stove always beats purchased models. About other advantages, operating principle and step by step instructions on how to make a rocket stove with your own hands - in this article.

Operating principle and design advantages

The name of the device speaks for itself. Indeed, the operating principle of such a furnace resembles the functioning rocket engine running on solid fuel. Briefly it can be described as follows:

1. Firewood and coal are placed in a vertical bunker, after which the hot gases rise upward.
2. The gases enter the so-called afterburning zone - here they undergo secondary combustion due to the highly heated space.
3. Afterburning is facilitated not by primary, but by secondary air entering through an additional supply channel.
4. The gases then follow complex system chimneys, which are installed in permanent structures in order to completely warm up all rooms.

This design provides quite a few tangible advantages compared to a conventional oven:

Of course, this design has certain disadvantages, but they are few:

• First of all, a flared rocket should not be left unattended - but strictly speaking, this rule applies to all stoves. If the gases create too much pressure, the heat can increase rapidly, potentially causing a fire.
• You should not put even barely damp wood into a jet stove. Due to water vapor, intermediate combustion products will not be able to burn out to the end, resulting in the formation of reverse thrust, and the flame will weaken.
• Finally, in the case of a bathhouse, a rocket will not work. This means that the design is not suitable for a steam room, which is heated by infrared radiation. But the rocket produces clearly not enough radiation of this kind.

THIS IS INTERESTING. The name "rocket" may have another explanation. If it is not working properly, the oven begins to hum inside like a rocket. This is due to the fact that too much fuel is supplied and the gas pressure increases sharply. The optimal fuel supply mode ensures quiet crackling of firewood, as in a conventional stove.

A visual description of the rocket furnace structure can be seen here.

Rocket firing rules

Due to the design features, such a stove requires compliance with special combustion rules. However, they are all quite simple:

• First of all, only dry wood is placed in such a device - in any form: branches, logs, twigs, etc.
• Before laying wood, the stove should be well heated. It's done traditional way– paper, cardboard, splinters, birch bark are burned. At the same time, it is important to listen to the sound - it should clearly change (or even subside) when the structure warms up enough to start laying logs.
• The door is kept closed throughout the warm-up period. Therefore, it is important to lay sufficient quantity material so as not to look into the oven anymore.
• As usual, the traction force is regulated by the blower. However, you should again determine whether the damper needs to be opened or gradually closed by the sound. If the system quiets down, new portions of air must be supplied. If it hums too loudly, the damper needs to be closed.

Types of designs: simple and complex

Strictly speaking, rockets have the same device. The classification of structures is based on the complexity of a particular system - primarily on the following characteristics:

• the presence/absence of a complex, branched chimney system that allows heating large rooms;
• presence/absence additional accessories, for example, warm sleeping place(beds).

Basic option

Construct similar system can be done literally in an hour, because all you need is a barrel, a pipe that plays the role of a combustion chamber, and insulation material (slag, ash, etc.). The operating principle is very simple:

• Firewood is placed in the lower part of the combustion chamber.
• The upward air flow comes from the same side.
• The fuel ignites, and a layer of thermal insulation traps most of the energy, directing it upward.
• The heated air moves through the pipe and heats objects standing on it.

Obviously, such a rocket is perfect for a field kitchen, but such a stove is not suitable for heating a room - the vapors exit directly into the chimney.

Design with chimney

This design is an improved basic version that is perfect for small spaces. Thanks to the chimney, all gases leave the combustion chamber and are discharged outside. Essentially, this is the same potbelly stove, but providing more heat.

In order for the efficiency to be as high as possible, several features must be taken into account when creating such a system:

1. The most important thing is to insulate the pipe itself. Usually it is made double, and between the internal surfaces, in the cavity, they fall asleep thermal insulation material– You can also use ash.
2. The fundamental difference is the presence of a channel for the entry of so-called secondary air. It is thanks to this technique that occurs in the camera complete combustion, accordingly, fuel is consumed to the maximum. The reaction products consist almost entirely of safe substances: carbon dioxide and water vapor.
3. And one more important point– the smoke exhaust pipe is located in the lower third of the structure. Thus, hot vapors first fall upward, hit hard surfaces there, burn out, release maximum heat, cool down, and only after that they enter the outlet, and then leave the room.

Such an improved design can be made from scrap materials. Particularly popular are used empty gas cylinders. They have strong walls and heat up well. It is only important to completely drain all remaining gas before starting work.

Design with a bed

Finally, the most perfect, truly permanent structure that needs to be built for a house. The principle of operation of such a rocket stove does not change, but the chimney system becomes more complicated so that the heated energy is enough not only for the house itself, but also for a sleeping place - a couch.

Chimneys are made of heat-resistant plastics and other temperature-resistant materials. Pipes, as a rule, are installed in the form of a complex zigzag system, which allows the fuel to burn completely.

The design features are as follows:

1. Oven, i.e. The combustion chamber itself is located at the head or at the feet. The chimney is on the opposite side.
2. Usually, a heating surface is made large enough to provide the possibility of cooking food along with the sleeping place.
3. Sometimes 1-2 steps are installed next to the bed, on which you can sit and warm up your back. This is especially characteristic of the traditional Asian approach to interior design - as you know, in many cultures, food is eaten at low tables, sitting on the floor.
4. In our domestic version, you can create a similarity corner sofa and style it as a sleeping place. It turns out quite interesting from a design point of view and at the same time practical.

NOTE. Making a couch requires especially careful calculations - it is necessary that the thickness of the structure is optimal: the surface should warm up well, but not burn. However, the system is based on a conventional oven, for example, from a gas cylinder.

Making a rocket stove with a stove bench: drawings, instructions, video

The following describes in detail the instructions on how you can construct a stove of this type with a stove bench at home. This is the most complex design, so all other options are already included in it. Thus, the operating algorithm given below can be considered universal.

Construction drawing

You can take the following drawing as a basis (on the left is a stove, below is a sectional view of a stove bench, above is a diagram of the insulating lining).

Number 1 indicates:

• a – the blower is the main regulator of traction force; by moving the damper, you can increase or decrease the fire;
• b – chamber where fuel burns; the lid must close tightly so that the entire system is sealed;
• c – auxiliary blower, which is also called the secondary air supply channel; It is thanks to fresh portions of oxygen that all firewood and coal give off maximum energy, burning out almost completely;
• d – pipe of standard diameter 15-20 cm;
• d – primary chimney with a standard diameter of 7-10 cm.

Important to consider following features designs:

• The pipe should be of medium size - just determine it intuitively: not too long and not too short.
• The pipe is separated by a large layer of thermal insulation, because it is in this case that heat is supplied to the target surfaces - the stove bench. Expensive heat-resistant materials or adobe - clay with crushed straw - are used.
• The diameter of the pipe is determined by the main function of the system. If the main task is to make a warm bed, the diameter is made quite small: 7-8 cm. If the main goal is to heat the room, the diameter is increased to 9-10 cm.

Number 2 indicates:

• a – a cover that closes the body;
• b – heating flat surface for cooking food using the energy of heated gases;
• c – insulating metal layer;
• d – channels into which heated gas enters and releases heat into the room;
• d – lower part of the body;
• e – gas release.

The most important thing to consider when designing and manufacturing this structural element is tightness. On the one hand, the reliability of all joints ensures fire safety. On the other hand, complete heating of all chimneys, without significant energy losses.

Numbers 3 and 4 indicate:

• a – an additional cleaning chamber for removing waste from chimneys located directly under the berth;
• b – the door of this chamber, ensuring the tightness of the entire system;
• 4 – a fragment of the chimney lying under the sleeping area (sometimes called a “hog”).

Finally, the number 5 indicates:

• a – a mixture of clay and straw, which plays the role of a heat insulator;
• b – a mixture of clay and crushed stone – this is the main thermal insulation layer; prepare a mixture of the same consistency as for laying a brick wall;
• c – heat-resistant lining (it can be made from sand and refractory clay, taken in equal mass quantities);
• g – sand;
• d – clay for laying stoves.

Installation of a bed

The sleeping area layout looks like this.

You can choose the dimensions yourself based on your needs. The technology is simple:

1. First, a frame is made from 10*10 cm square beams. The cell parameters are standard 60*90 cm under the stove itself and 60*120 cm under the sleeping place.
2. The frame is laid with tongue and groove wooden slats(width 4 cm).
3. Next, roundings are made if the design provides for such an option.
4. Cardboard made of special heat-resistant materials - made from basalt fibers - should be placed on the floor surface. In size, it completely follows the contours of the lounger, and its height should reach at least 0.5 cm.

NOTE. Under the surface of the oven, the cardboard is reinforced with a sheet of galvanized iron. Along the entire bed, pour adobe (clay with straw) and carefully level it along the sides. It should be understood that the solution takes 3-4 weeks to dry, so it is from this stage that the installation of the entire system begins.

Installation of the furnace body

Now - about the design of the rocket furnace itself. First of all, you need to make a body from metal pipe, ideally a gas cylinder. The process diagram is shown below.

The technology is as follows:

1. Cut off the top of the cylinder. The hole is closed with a round timber made of hardened steel. Going down 5 cm to the bottom, an additional cut should be made to construct the lid.
2. A “skirt” made of a steel sheet of small thickness (2-3 mm) is welded along the edge of this cover.
3. Holes are installed in the skirt at equal intervals (for bolts).
4. The lower fragment of the balloon is cut off (indented by 7 cm).
5. At the bottom is made round hole parameters corresponding to the chimney, which will then enter the cylinder.
6. Then on inner surface The lids should be glued with an asbestos cord and kept under pressure for several hours. It is this cord that will make the system completely sealed.
7. A thread is created in the cylinder body.
8. Next, remove the lid so that the asbestos retains its elasticity.

Installation of a fuel bunker

This is a fairly simple step that requires good skill. welding work. Welding of all fragments is carried out in accordance with the drawing. Moreover, the angle for supplying firewood is chosen to be quite sharp: 50-60 degrees. The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. First, the main blower is mounted, and a secondary air supply channel is created in its lower quarter - to do this, just insert a heat-resistant steel plate (4-5 mm thick).
2. At the end of the pipe, a hole is created - the size of the continuation of the chimney (taking into account that the continuing pipe will go at an angle of 90°).
3. Next, install a door, with which you can increase or decrease the draft due to the air supply.
4. Next you need to make a continuous lining, but the layer is applied only to the lower part, while side surfaces and the top panel remains without lining.

NOTE. Applying the lining is a very important stage, since heating largely depends on the layer. If the solution drains, you need to reduce the portion and apply a new layer, and after it dries, the next one.

Pipe thermal insulation

The next stage is filling the formwork with a mixture of thermal insulation (along the height of the sides). As a result, the height of the formwork, taking into account the mixture, should be about 10-11 cm.

Drum and cleaning chamber

1. The shell is mounted using a pipe or steel sheet.
2. The bottom of the drum can also be made from metal sheet, in this case, a hole should be constructed in the middle with a diameter that is 4 mm smaller than the cylinder parameter.
3. The structure itself with the firebox is installed strictly straight, controlling the work using a building level.
4. The cleaning chamber must be made of galvanized steel sheet, which is resistant to thermal corrosion. You can take this drawing as a basis.

NOTE. The door leading into the chamber is made square, 16*16 cm. In this case, first, a gasket must be installed on the inner surface of the opening to ensure the tightness of the system.

Drum installation

The drum, which is made from a gas cylinder, is installed only after the mixture has completely dried in the formwork. It is removed, and the balloon is placed on top of the frozen mixture, which has formed a solid layer. The relative position of all elements is presented in the diagram.

Final stage

On last stages the following work needs to be done:

1. Installation of a cleaning chamber.
2. Installation of a thermal insulation layer.
3. Filling the formwork with adobe (clay and straw).
4. Installation of corrugated pipe.

It is this kind of pipe that allows you to take into account any design features and make a turn anywhere at almost any angle. The specific direction and length depends on the design of the structure. The most common options are shown in the photo.

NOTE. Immediately before starting operation, the rocket stove must be checked. After the solution has dried, you need to light the paper or birch bark without adding firewood, much less coal. The oven should warm up well, and the humming sound should change to a rustling sound. Only after this can firewood be added.

And finally - visual description manufacturing process of a rocket stove with a stove bench and hob on video.