To bend or not to bend: is it possible and how best to form a bend on a sewer pipe. Pipe for sewerage into the ground dimensions Pipe for sewerage into the ground dimensions

Underground, consider the advantages and disadvantages various materials, required diameter and connection options.

Which pipe to use for underground sewerage

The market offers us pipes for underground sewer different diameters, materials and connection options.

To make an informed choice, you need to consider:

temperature and chemical aggressiveness of wastewater;
volumes of discharges during periods of maximum load;
minimum temperatures of the climatic zone;
depth and angle of sewer installation;
soil type.

External sewer pipes must meet numerous requirements: to be durable, reliable, wear-resistant. Properly selected sewer pipes for specific conditions will ensure effective waste disposal for many years.

Pipe material

Underground sewerage can be laid using the following materials:

cast iron;
polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
(PP);
polyethylene (PE);
asbestos cement;
ceramics.

The last two options are used very rarely, and more and more users are choosing pipes made of cast iron and plastic.

Cast iron pipes

Advantages:

durable;
service life up to 85 years;
withstand heavy loads;
resistance to temperature changes.

Flaws:

not suitable for saline soil;
have heavy weight, increasing the cost of delivery and complicating the installation process;
a rough surface reduces the flow rate of wastewater and provokes;
high price.

PVC pipes

Flaws:

if the temperature of the wastewater is above 40 C°, it quickly becomes unusable due to thermal elongation of the material;
suitable only for gravity sewerage;
used for small private houses.

It is also worth noting that the characteristics PVC pipes may vary depending on the manufacturer. In addition, such pipes can vary in hardness, and depending on it used at different depths. The stiffest class S pipes can be used at depths of up to 8 m, medium-stiff class N pipes can be used at depths up to 6 m, and light class L pipes can be used at depths up to 2 m.

Polypropylene pipes

Advantages:

smooth inner surface;
service life up to 100 years;
resistant to temperatures up to 100 C°;
do not decompose under the influence of acids and alkalis;
light weight, which simplifies transportation and installation;
installation is quite simple and quick and does not require the use of special equipment.

Flaws:

soft, can be deformed under high pressure;
pipes with increased wall thickness, designed for burial to greater depths, are more expensive;
deteriorate under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, which complicates storage.

Polyethylene pipes

On sale there are smooth and corrugated ones, which have greater strength.

Advantages:

resistance to loads allows you to lay PP pipes to a depth of up to 15 m;
smooth surface with high throughput;
a light weight;
a wide range of connectors, tees and bends are on sale to facilitate the installation process;
service life exceeds 50 years.

Flaws:

cannot be used for wastewater with temperatures above 65 C°;
deteriorate from UV radiation;
can only be laid in the ground; part of the system must not come out on top of the ground.

Despite the huge number of advantages, plastic has low strength, so outer surface pipes are made corrugated, increasing their rigidity. Inner surface at the same time it remains smooth so as not to retain runoff.

Asbestos cement

To produce such pipes, a mixture of Portland cement and asbestos fiber is used.

Advantages:

excellent resistance to aggressive environments, therefore, virtually any waste can be drained through such pipes;
durability, and in this regard, asbestos-cement pipes are leaders, as they can be used for up to 100 years;
ease of installation, since joining individual parts of pipes is quite simple;
light weight, which makes installation easier;
Such pipes are not prone to overgrowth, so they will serve as they should for many years.

Flaws:

high fragility, since even minor mechanical damage can compromise the integrity of the material. Even new pipes may have chips and cracks at the ends, so when purchasing you need to look closely at them;
difficulty in delivery due to high fragility.

These disadvantages negate all the advantages of asbestos-cement pipes, so they are practically not used today.

Ceramics

Ceramics have been used to make sewer pipes since antiquity, and the material is still used for this purpose today.

Advantages:

high resistance to temperature changes, extremely low and high temperatures;
complete inertness to any substances, even strong alkalis or acids. Such pipes can withstand the influence of absolutely any wastewater;
ease of installation;
the inner surface has low roughness, which means it will not overgrow or become clogged.

Flaws:

excessively high fragility, which complicates the transportation of pipes and their installation. New pipes may already have cracks, and their presence is indicated by a slightly rattling sound when tapping on the pipe;
ceramic pipes are not very long, which leads to the need to make a large number of joints, and this negatively affects the integrity of the system;

It is precisely because of their high fragility that it is very difficult to use ceramic pipes, and they have almost been forced out of the modern market.

Diameter

When choosing the diameter of a sewer pipe, it is necessary to take into account the external and inner dimensions, since the wall thickness can vary significantly.

For household external sewerage 110 mm standard applies. This diameter is sufficient for maintenance. When combined into one sewer network several houses or an entire village, the diameter should increase in accordance with the calculations for the project.

All the time we were talking about pipes with round, which are used in the vast majority of cases, because wastewater moves through them as quickly as possible. However, this is far from the only option. Sometimes used ellipsoidal pipes: they are necessary when the soil creates strong pressure on the pipes or when the load of waste on them is too high. When the sewerage system is not too deep (up to 1 m), you can use pipes with semicircular and rectangular cross-section. It is also worth noting that if sewer system is not located deep enough, it is necessary to insulate it to avoid pipe rupture during the cold season.

– the most complex, requiring special knowledge and the use of equipment. Welding is performed on metal and plastic pipes. Such connections are extremely inconvenient in cases where repairs are necessary.

Bell-shaped– a section of one pipe is installed in the socket of another. Sealing of joints is achieved through the use of rubber seals And . When using this method during installation cast iron pipes Additionally, caulking is done with tow.

Socketless(flange, coupling) - pipes that are straight at both ends are placed butt-to-butt, a rubber cuff is applied to the joint and tightened with a clamp. The socketless connection method is most convenient for repairs and replacements of sewerage sections.

By analyzing which underground sewer pipes are most suitable in a particular case, you will get rid of many problems associated with the difficulties of cleaning and repair.

The sewage system of a private house consists of internal and external pipelines. Installation of the internal part of the drainage system is complex and requires professionalism and the use of special equipment. In areas where there are outbuildings, plantings or road surfaces, special equipment is used and sewer pipes are laid using the horizontal puncture method.

When choosing pipes, you need to consider:

ability to cope well main task– drainage, do not allow small debris to cling to the internal walls and accumulate, forming blockages;
resistance to aggressive substances contained in Wastewater ah and soil;
strength that does not allow the pipes to deform under the weight of the soil laid on top of the pipeline.

Sewage pipes have their advantages and disadvantages, which vary depending on the material from which they are made:

Pipe material	Advantages	Flaws
cast iron	durability,	heavy weight, difficulty in transportation and installation, roughness of the internal surface, high cost
steel	resistance to mechanical stress, smooth internal walls	instability to moisture, susceptibility to corrosion
asbestos cement	durability, lightness, low cost	instability to mechanical stress, roughness of the internal surface
polyethylene	low cost, ease of transportation and installation, durability, resistance to chemicals, smooth internal surface	withstandable temperature - up to 50 degrees, instability to ultraviolet radiation
polypropylene	withstandable temperature - up to 80 degrees	low rigidity, susceptibility to deformation under mechanical stress
polyvinyl chloride	variety of types and sizes, ease of transportation and installation, smooth inner surface, wear resistance	withstandable temperature – up to 40 degrees

Pipes made of polymers, in addition, can be smooth-walled or corrugated: the former are cheaper, the latter are more durable and elastic.

There are also insulated pipes and pipes with a built-in heating cable - they are used when installing shallow sewers.

How to lay sewer pipes in the ground

Installation of external sewerage into the ground occurs in three stages:

Preparation of trenches.
Pipeline installation.
Backfilling.

Digging a trench

Before digging trenches for laying sewers, calculate the network configuration and determine:

Optimal geometric shape pipeline: the most efficient and easiest to maintain will be a pipeline with a minimum number of corners and branches; if possible, the pipeline is led in a straight line from the house to the place of wastewater discharge. To avoid obstacles, it is permissible to turn the pipeline at an angle of 30-45 degrees. Right angles in the sewer network are unacceptable due to the increased pressure of wastewater on the walls of the pipeline and the increased likelihood of blockages.
The depth of the trenches, which allows maintaining the operability of the channels in winter period: below the depth of soil freezing per pipe diameter plus 15-20 cm per sand cushion. The minimum permissible trench depth is 0.5 m, the optimal depth varies from 2 m in the southern regions of Russia to 3.5 m in the northern regions.
Angle of inclination ensuring free flow of wastewater: usually, a slope of 1-2 cm per meter of pipeline is sufficient;
Trench width: 40 cm is added to the pipe diameter; for large depths and pipe diameters greater than 20 cm, the trench width is increased for ease of installation.

Many people wonder whether it is possible to lay sewer pipes in the ground. The answer is yes.

Before starting work, you need to select the desired type of cylindrical structures. Previously, only asbestos or cast iron products were used, but they have been adequately replaced by plastic pipes.

Such products have many advantages, including the following:

low cost;
minimum number of joints on one line;
temperature resistance in the range from -50 to 60 °C;
possibility of joining by gluing or cold welding;
long service life (more than 50 years);
resistance to liquids with an acidity level greater than 10 pH;
ease of installation even in difficult areas, for example, under asphalt pavement.

Orange or brown PVC pipes are suitable for laying external sewerage. There are two types of cylindrical products: SN4 (wall thickness - 3 mm) and SN8 (wall thickness - 3.2 mm).

If the system will be subject to loads from vehicles, it is necessary to use products of type SN8, and the installation depth does not matter.

Each pipe is marked, so choose carefully. Poor quality structures will cause the entire sewerage system to malfunction.

Such cylindrical products are resistant to aggressive environments. Thanks to the smooth inner surface, they are not subject to clogging, thereby extending their service life. The disadvantages of such products made from polyvinyl chloride include instability to high temperatures (more than 40 °C).

Gray PVC pipes are often used when laying internal sewerage. For outdoor system they should not be used, since such products are too soft and therefore will not be able to withstand significant external loads. The thickness of their walls is only 2.7 mm.

Currently on sale are corrugated pipes made of polypropylene for sewerage. These products are mainly used for industrial enterprises. It is durable and resistant to high temperatures.

Even if corrugated polypropylene pipes are laid deeper than 2 m, the weight of the soil does not deform the product.

Polyethylene products are excellent for installing underground sewers. This material is quite strong, and the corrugated structure increases the strength several times.

Corrugated PE pipes can be laid in the ground to a depth of 15 m. Unlike orange PVC products, they can withstand temperature changes and exposure to aggressive environments.

In addition, these designs have excellent throughput. They have a corrugated outer and smooth inner surface, thereby minimizing the risk of blockages.

Asbestos-cement pipes are considered a rarely used product for the construction of underground sewerage. They weigh less than cast iron and can withstand heavy loads and exposure to aggressive environments. Such products are fragile and difficult to install.

The cost of PVC pipes is much lower compared to other types of products. They are characterized by high strength and long service life. The disadvantages of such products include instability to exposure high temperature. PVC pipes are excellent for arranging the sewer system of a country house.

Corrugated polyethylene products cost more, but they are characterized by durability and reliability, thanks to which the drainage system will last for decades.

Diameter

First of all, it is necessary to take into account the external and internal diameters pipes, since wall thickness can vary significantly.

For external sewerage household use It is recommended to use cylindrical products with a standard cross-section of 110 mm. This size is quite enough to serve a small private home. When several buildings or an entire building are combined into one sewer network locality, the cross-section must be increased according to project calculations.

Main mistakes when laying external sewerage

Unstable functioning of the drainage system can be associated not only with the wrong choice of pipe type, but also with poor-quality installation of the structure.

One of the common mistakes is the desire to save on thermal insulation. Frozen liquid in the system threatens not only the cessation of water supply or drainage, but also the destruction of the pipes themselves. If water freezes naturally in winter, it will only melt late spring or early summer. It will be very difficult to detect the problem area and eliminate the cause of the blockage.

You can insulate the water supply by laying a heating cable. This is far from the most a budget option, since it involves the purchase of a transformer and high consumption electricity, but is considered the most efficient. The heating cable prevents the liquid from freezing even in the coldest periods.

To further protect the pipes and high-resistance conductor, you can use insulating materials, for example, Energoflex insulation with a thickness of approximately 13 mm, fiberglass or foam.

Many problems can lead to non-compliance with the plan suburban area at the beginning of pipeline laying work. It is imperative to take into account the possible location of existing communications in order to avoid problems associated with their damage.

In this article we will talk about which pipes are best to choose for underground sewerage and understand their pros and cons.

So, which pipe is better to choose for underground sewerage?

This question always arises when seeing diversity on the market.

To avoid making a mistake in your choice, you must consider the following factors:

chemical composition of the discharged waste and its temperature;
maximum discharge volume;
the maximum possible decrease in temperature in winter;
type of soil;
how deep and at what angle the sewer will be laid.

Pipes in external sewers must be very strong and durable and can withstand negative temperatures well.

This is what guarantees their reliability and longevity of the entire sewerage system.